Absolutism

Week 6

Overview• 1600 – mid-1700s• Absolutism

– China– France– Russia– Ottoman Empire– Safavid Empire– India

• Splendor and Power• Homework:

– 3/9, Midterm– 3/18, Online Quiz– 3/22, PSR

Jean Nocret, Louis XIV and His Family, 1670

Qing Dynasty (1644 – 1911)• Ming • Monetization • Li Zicheng, 1644• Manchus

– Nurhaci (r. 1616 – 1626)• Government• Economy • Neo-Confucianism• Civil Service Examination• Emperor (Son of Heaven)

– Kangxi (1661-1722)– Qianglong (1736-1795)

The Qing Empire

Kangxi Emperor (1661-1722)

Europe After the Peace of Westphalia, 1648

Louis XIV (b. 1638, r. 1643-1715)

• The Sun King• The Nobles/Aristocracy• Intendants• Versailles• Mercantilism • Religion

– Abolishes the Edict of Nantes

• Warfare– War of Spanish Succession

(1702-1713)

Louis’ Wars

Peter the Great (r.1682-1725)

• B. 1672• Tsar • Problems:

– Boyars• West (1697-1698)• Expansion

– Ottoman Turks– Great Northern War (1700-

1721)– St. Petersburg, 1703

• Alexei

Russian Expansion

Ottoman Empire• Sultan

– Mehmed II (1432-1481)– Suleiman the Magnificent (1494-1566)

• Expansion• Vienna, 1683

– Kara Mustafa Pasha– John III Sobieski

• Mamluks• Koprulu Reforms• Sharia • Education

– Ulama– Printing Press, 1729

• Tulip Period• Grand Vizier Damat Ibrahim (r. 1718-

1730)

The Ottoman Empire

Safavid Empire

• Shah Abbas I (r. 1587-1629)

• Isfahan • Shiites and Ulama • Persian aristocrats

India

• The Mughals• Akbar (r. 1556-1605)• Jahangir (r. 1605-1627)• “Divine Faith”• Culture• Shah/Emperor• Aurangzeb (r. 1658-

1707)

Emperor Akbar, 1604

p422

The Mughal Empire

Jahangir the Magnificent, 1615

Two Models of Government:

• Absolutism– France– China– Spain– Ottoman Empire– Russia– Safavid Persia– Mughal India

• Constitutionalism– England– The Netherlands/Dutch

Republic – Italian City-States– Poland-Lithuania

• In 18th Century, two choices:

Poland

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)

Space and Splendor• Political use of space• Importance of the Monarch• Topkapi Palace

– Ottomans– 15th – 19th centuries– Complex – Harem – Imperial Council Hall

• Versailles• Peterhof• Great Plaza• Royal Academy of Isfahan• Forbidden City• Taj Mahal

Imperial Gate

The Palace of Versailles

Peterhof - Peter’s PalaceIn St. Petersburg, mimicked Versailles

Isfahan, Shah Abbas Mosque

Isfahan’s Great Plaza

Royal Academy of Isfahan

The Forbidden City

The Forbidden City

Taj Mahal

Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal