Good Morning! 1/10/12Good Morning! 1/10/12Good Morning/Afternoon! Good Morning/Afternoon! 2/21/132/21/13EQ: How did the Columbian Exchange effect Latin America?HW: Snack and Dessert due tomorrow.

SpongeHow are goods and ideas exchanged? Explain and give at least one example of this

Notes From America From Europe, Africa, Asia

The Columbian Exchange

Unit 7 Notes

What was the Columbian Exchange?

• The explorers created contact between Europe & the Americas.

• Interaction with Native Americans led to big cultural changes.

• Exchange of people, animals, plants, diseases, weapons, ideas, etc.

The Columbian Exchange

The introduction of beasts of burden to the Americas was a significant development from the Columbian Exchange. The introduction of the horse provided people in the Americas with a new source of labor and transportation.

• Explorers created contact between Europe and Americas.

• Interaction with Native Americans led to big cultural changes.

• Contact between the two groups led to the exchange of people, ideas, plants, animals, and disease—the Columbian Exchange.

• Plants, animals developed in very different ways in hemispheres

• Europeans—no potatoes, corn, sweet potatoes, turkeys

• People in Americas—no coffee, oranges, rice, wheat, sheep, cattle

The Exchange of Goods

The Columbian Exchange

• Arrival of Europeans in Americas changed all this

• Previously unknown foods taken back to Europe

• Familiar foods brought to Americas by colonists

Sharing Discoveries

Different Foods

• Exchange of foods, animals had dramatic impact on later societies

• Over time crops native to Americas became staples in diets of Europeans

• Foods provided nutrition, helped people live longer

Italian Food Without Tomatoes?

• Until contact with Americas, Europeans had never tried tomatoes

• Most Europeans thought tomatoes poisonous

• By late 1600s, tomatoes had begun to be included in Italian cookbooks

Economics and Diets

• Activities like Texas cattle ranching, Brazilian coffee growing not possible without Columbian Exchange; cows, coffee native to Old World

• Traditional cuisines changed because of Columbian Exchange

EffectsEffects of the Columbian Exchange

• Effects of Columbian Exchange felt not only in Europe, Americas

• China– Arrival of easy-to-grow, nutritious corn helped

population grow tremendously– Also a main consumer of silver mined in Americas

• Africa – Two native crops of Americas—corn, peanuts—still

among most widely grown • Scholars estimate one-third of all food crops

grown in world are of American origin

Devastating Impact

• Native American population continued to decline for centuries

• Inca Empire decreased from 13 million in 1492 to 2 million in 1600

• North American population fell from 2 million in 1492 to 500,000 in 1900—but disease not only factor in decrease of population

• Intermittent warfare, other violence also contributed

The Introduction of New DiseasesNew Diseases

• Native Americans had no natural resistance to European diseases

• Smallpox, measles, influenza, malaria killed millions

• Population of central Mexico may have decreased by decreased by more than 30 percent in the 10 years following first contact with Europeans

Notes From America From Europe

• exchange of people, ideas, plants, animals, and disease

• Effects: different Foods, jobs,

Tomatoes HorsesCattlePigs

Effects Around the Globe• The Columbian Exchange not only impacted

Europe & the Americas, but also…• China:

– Arrival of easy-to-grow, nutritious corn helped the population grow tremendously.

• Africa: – two native crops of Americas--corn, peanuts--still

among most widely grown• Scholars estimate one-third of all food crops

grown in the world are of American origin.

Animals

• Llamas were the only domesticated animals in Latin America.– Europeans brought horses, pigs, cattle,

sheep.

• changed the use of the land

Plants

• Europeans brought cash crops to the Americas: sugar, rice, wheat, coffee, bananas, & grapes.– New crops flourished in the Americas.

• From Latin America- Europeans adopt crops found in the Americas: maize, tomatoes, potatoes, tobacco, cacao, beans, & cotton.

The Introduction of New Diseases

• Nearly all of the European diseases were communicable by air & touch.

• Smallpox, measles, diphtheria, whooping cough, chicken pox, bubonic plague, scarlet fever and influenza were the most common diseases exchanged.

Smallpox• Central Mexico - 25

million in 1519 to less than one million in 1605

• Hispañola - One million in 1492 to 46,000 in 1512

• North America - 90% of Native Americans gone within 100 years of Plymouth landing

Effects of Diseases

• Native American population dramatically decreases

• Europeans need labor to cultivate new crops in the Americas, but there aren’t many natives left.

• Europeans look to Africa & begin to import African slaves to the Americas.