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Week 2

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Meter Metric unit of length

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Liter Metric unit of volume

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Gram Metric unit of mass

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Volume The amount of space an object occupies

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Mass Amount of matter in an object

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Hypothesis Reasonable guess that can be tested and is based on what is known and what is observed.

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Scientific Theory A possible explanation for repeatedly observed patterns in nature supported by observations and results from many investigations.

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Variable Any factor that can affect the results of an experiment

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Independent variable In an experiment, the variable that is manipulated or controlled by the experimenter.

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Dependent Variable In an experiment, the variable that responds to changes in the independent variable; the variable being measured.

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Week 3

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1) matter Anything that has mass and takes up space.

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2) Law of conservation of matter States that matter is not created or destroyed but only changes its form

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3) density Physical property of matter that can be found by dividing the matters mass by its volume

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4) Chemical property Characteristic of something that permits its change to something new

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5) Physical property Any characteristic of matter such as color, shape, and taste that can be detected by the senses without changing the identity of the matter

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6) gas Matter that does not have a definite shape or volume; has particles that move at high speeds in all directions

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7) solid A substance with a definite shape and volume

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8) liquid A substance that has a definite volume but no definite shape

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9) Chemical change Any change of a material into a new material with different properties

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10) Physical change Any change in the size, shape, form, or state of matter in which the matters identity remains the same

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Week 4

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1) Precision A description of how close measurements are to each other

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2) Accuracy Compares a measurement to the true value

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3) Meniscus The curve seen at the top of a liquid in response to its container

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4) Observation an act or instance of noticing or perceiving; regarding attentively or watching; the habit of observing or noticing.

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5) Mass Measure of the amount of matter making up an object

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6) Weight A measure of the pull of gravity on the mass of an object

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7) Density Physical property that compares the mass of a substance per unit volume

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8) Balance Tool used for measuring mass

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9) Volume The amount of space matter occupies

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10) Graduated Cylinder Tool used to measure volume

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Week 5

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1) atom The basic building block of all matter that is the smallest unit of an element that still has the chemical properties of that element.

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2) molecule Smallest unit of a compound; formed when atoms join

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3) States of matter Also called phases of matter; solid, liquid, gas, and plasma

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4) Solid Have a fixed shape and a fixed volume.

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5) Liquid Have no fixed shape, they take the shape of their container, but they do have a fixed volume.

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6) Gas No fixed shape or volume, gases take the shape of their container and completely fill it.

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7) Physical properties A characteristic of a substance that can be observed directly or measured with a tool without changing the composition of the substance. Examples include: volume, mass, weight, density, texture, and color

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8) Physical change Any change in a substance in which the composition of the substance does not change. Examples include: stretching a rubber band, smashing a pumpkin, melting ice, and slicing a carrot.

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9) Pure substance a kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by any physical or chemical process

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10) Compound A pure substance composed of more than one type of element chemically combined in a fixed proportion

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Yeah!

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1) Uniform without variations in detail; constant; unvarying; undeviating

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2) reactivity the ability of an atom, molecule, or compound to undergo a chemical reaction with another atom, molecule, or compound.chemical reaction

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3) combustibility capable of catching fire and burning; flammable

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4) viscosity the property of a fluid that resists the force tending to cause the fluid to flow.force

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5) pH the symbol used to express how acidic or basic a solution is on a scale of 0 to 14, where less than 7 represents acidic, 7 neutral, and more than 7 basic.

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6) precipitate to separate a substance in solid form from a solution

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7) solution a homogeneous, molecular mixture of two or more substances.mixture

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8) Phase change The relationship between temperatures and changes of state

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9) heat The transfer of thermal energy between two objects at different temperatures.

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10) temperature Measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter.

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Week 7

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1) miscible capable of being mixed

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2) immiscible not miscible; incapable of being mixedmiscible

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3) condensation The process by which a gas changes to a liquid

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4) vaporization The process by which a liquid changes into a gas

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5) Melting point The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid; is the same temperature as freezing point

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6) Freezing point The temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid; that same temperature as melting point

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7) sublimation A phase change from solid directly to gas or from gas directly to a solid, without ever turning into a liquid

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8) Boiling point The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas

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9) Convection current Movement of a gas, liquid, or plastic solid caused by variations in density that result from uneven heating of matter

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10) evaporate To change from a liquid to a gas at or below the boiling point

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Week 8

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1) electron Subatomic particle that carries a negative charge

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2) Electron cloud Area of space around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are found

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3) atom The smallest part of an element that keeps all the properties of that element

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4) Energy level The different areas for an electron in an atom

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5) Chemical bond The force that holds two atoms together

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6) protons Subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom that have a positive charge

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7) neutrons Subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom that have no charge

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8) ion An atom that is no longer neutral because it has gained or lost an electron

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9) molecule The neutral particle formed when atoms share electrons

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10) compound A pure substance containing two or more elements that are chemically bonded

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Week 9

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1) element Natural or synthetic material that cannot be broken down into simpler materials by ordinary means; has unique properties and is generally classified as metal, metalloid, or nonmetal.

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2) Valance electrons Electrons located in the outermost energy level of an atom

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3) Atomic number The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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4) Atomic mass Also known as atomic weight; the average mass of an atom of an element

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5) Periodic table of elements A chart that organizes information about all of the known elements according to their properties

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6) Valance number the number of electrons needed to fill the outermost shell of an atomelectronsatom

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7) Subatomic particle a particle smaller than an atom

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8) Democritus A Greek philosopher who proposed the idea of an atom; a particle so small that it could not be divided

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9) John Dalton A British chemist and school teacher; showed through experimentation and observation in the 1700s that All substances are made of atoms. Atoms of the same element are exactly alike and atoms of different elements are different Atoms join with other atoms to make new substance.

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10) J. J. Thomson British scientist; in 1897 discovered that there are small particles inside the atom.