week 2 - 2013-2014 - nice to meet you
TRANSCRIPT
English 1 – 2013-2014 Page 1
"I have friends in overalls whose friendship I would
not swap1 for the favor of the kings of the world."
Thomas A. Edison
(American inventor and founder of General Electric, 1847-1931)
1 to swap : échanger
MENU
1 READING
Greeting Others With a Kiss. Is It Okay?
2 PRONUNCIATION
2.1 Introduction 2.2 Exercises
3 GRAMMAR - Articles
4 LISTENING
4.1 Dictation exercise 4.2 Enrolling on an evening class
5 KEY TO EXERCISES
6 PREPARATION
English Grammar in Use - Units 72-78 (Determiners and Articles)
Exercises: 72.1 (3, 4), 72.2 (3, 5), 72.3 (112);
73.1 (49), 73.2 (18), 73.3 (19);
74.1 (18), 74.2 (1, 2, 6);
75.2 (112), 75.3 (119);
76.3 (15);
77.2 (114);
78.2 (18), 78.3 (115).
English Vocabulary in Use
Units 1-4, 32, 64-68
Do not forget to bring your "English Grammar in Use" and
"English Vocabulary in Use" books
English 1 – 2013-2014 Page 2
1 READING
Greeting2 Others With a Kiss – Is It Okay?
Posted by Barbara Pachter at 3:52 AM, Tuesday, March 20, 2012
I greeted a job candidate3 and he grabbed4 me by the shoulders5 and kissed me on the lips6. Aack! We are always looking for auditors7 who are quick thinkers and show initiative, but this was a bit much. The kissing bandit
didn’t get the job.
The above email from a blog fan illustrates one of the many downsides8 to kissing in the workplace9: When you give an inappropriate greeting, you may
lose a job or a work opportunity. You could also appear a little strange!
Greeting someone with a kiss on the cheek10 when others are around also may cause difficulty. An attractive salesperson greeted one of her customers
at a business dinner with such a kiss – unfortunately, right in front of his disapproving wife. Plus, others observing the kiss might assume11 that it is acceptable for them to greet the person in a similar manner, which would
most likely not be the case. However, the main reason to avoid this kind of behavior12 is that the man or woman you greet with a kiss may be very
uncomfortable with the greeting.
The handshake13 is the business greeting in the U.S. workplace, and I strongly encourage both men and women to shake hands. Nevertheless,
when discussing greetings in my etiquette seminars14, I am often asked, “Is it ever okay to greet someone with a kiss?” The answer is a cautious15 “Yes, but…”.
2 to greet : saluer, accueillir 3 a job candidate : un-e candidat-e à un emploi 4 to grab : saisir 5 a shoulder : une épaule 6 a lip : une lèvre 7 an auditor : un-e réviseur-e, un-e vérificateur, -trice, un-e commissaire aux comptes 8 a downside : un inconvénient 9 in the workplace : sur le lieu de travail 10 a cheek : une joue 11 to assume : supposer 12 the behavio(u)r : le comportement 13 a handshake : une poignée de main 14 an etiquette seminar : un séminaire sur l’étiquette (ou) la bienséance 15 cautious : prudent-e
English 1 – 2013-2014 Page 3
Business people need to consider the following before puckering up16:
1. Their relationship with the person. When people
know each other well, they may kiss or hug17 even in business settings18. But people still need to
remember the drawbacks19, and use common sense20 – like the young woman who would greet her mentor21 with a kiss in his office, but would shake his
hand when greeting him at meetings. It is unwise22 to greet a stranger23 or casual acquaintance24 with a
kiss.
2. The type of company for which they work. Kissing as a greeting occurs less in large and/or conservative companies than in smaller, creative or informal offices.
3. The nationality of the other person. People from other countries doing business in the U.S. might greet you with their traditional greeting – possibly a kiss on one or both cheeks. They may know that in the U.S., business
people shake hands, but they inadvertently use their country’s greeting. In such a case, I would participate in the greeting to put the visitor at ease.
4. When in doubt, shake hands.
Additional information on greetings can be found in my book, When The Little Things
Count…And They Always Count. If you would like additional information about
business-etiquette seminars, contact Joyce Hoff at [email protected] or 856.751.6141.
[http://www.barbarapachtersblog.com]
Grammar exercise
Underline all the determiners and articles in the text.
A determiner is "a word that is used before a noun in order to show which thing you
mean. In the phrases 'the car' and 'some cars', 'the' and 'some' are determiners." An
article is "a word used before a noun to show whether the noun refers to a particular
example of something or to a general example of something. In English, 'the' is called
the definite article and 'a' and 'an' are called the indefinite article".
(Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English [http://www.ldoceonline.com/])
16 to pucker up : (ici) tendre les lèvres (dans le but d’embrasser qqn) 17 to hug : serrer (qqn) dans ses bras, étreindre 18 a business setting : un environnement professionnel 19 a drawback : un inconvénient 20 to use common sense : faire preuve de bon sens 21 a mentor : un mentor 22 unwise : imprudent 23 a stranger : un-e inconnu-e 24 a casual acquaintance : une simple (ou) une vague connaissance
English 1 – 2013-2014 Page 4
Writing exercise
Write about a personal anecdote which describes a moment when you felt embarrassed
about the way of addressing or greeting somebody that you had met for the first time.
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Vocabulary exercises
a) The family
Here is the family tree of the Moon family
Study the family tree, then write the missing words in the passage below.
Choose from the following:
aunt brother children cousin daughter
father grandchildren granddaughter grandfather grandmother grandparents grandson husband mother nephew
niece parents sister son uncle wife
Clive Moon married Rose Harris in September 1940. They had two (1) _____________ — a boy
called Barry and a girl called Cynthia. Barry met his (2) _____________, Nancy Thomas, at
university and they got married five years later. In 1974, their (3) _____________, Amanda, was
born. The same year, Barry's (4) _____________, Cynthia, met her (5) _____________, Paul
Baston. She asked her (6) _____________, Barry, to be best-man at their wedding.
Clive Moon
m. Rose Harris
Barry Moon
m. Nancy Thomas
Cynthia Moon
m. Paul Baston
Peter Baston Colin Moon Amanda Moon
English 1 – 2013-2014 Page 5
Not long after the wedding, Nancy and Barry had a (7) _____________. They called him Colin.
Barry's (8) _____________, Rose and Clive, were thrilled. Now they had two
(9) _____________. Soon they would have three. In 1982, their second (10) _____________,
Peter, was born. This also meant that Barry was now an (11) _____________ and Nancy an
(12) _____________. Both were very fond of their new (13) _____________, Peter, and pleased
that their own children now had a (14) _____________.
In 1992, on Amanda's 18th birthday, the Moon
family held a big birthday party. Amanda's
(15) _____________, Nancy, gave her a
computer — something she had wanted for a
long time — and her (16) _____________,
Barry, paid for twelve driving lessons. Cynthia
and Paul gave their (17) _____________ a CD
player, while her (18) _____________, Clive
and Rose, gave her some money. As her
(19) _____________, Clive, said, 'Well, it's
difficult to buy things for young people, isn't
it?'
Amanda's (20) _____________, Rose, agreed.
'Our (21) _____________'s taste in clothes is
not the same as ours. So it's much better to let
her choose for herself, really.'
b) Relationships
Say whether the following statements are true or false. Tick () the boxes
True False
1 "An acquaintance of mine" means "someone I work with".
2 "Workmate" is less formal than "colleague".
3 "Husband/Wife-to-be" is often seen in newspapers.
4 "Partner" means someone you are in business with, not someone you live with.
5 "To worship" and "to idolise" can mean "to like or love somebody very much indeed".
6 A steady boy/girlfriend is just a casual, occasional relationship.
7 If you fancy someone, you find them attractive.
8 "To look up to someone" is the opposite of "to look down on someone".
9 If you feel repelled by someone, you find them attractive.
10 If you despise someone, you don't like or respect them at all.
English 1 – 2013-2014 Page 6
2 PRONUNCIATION
2.1 Introduction
Do not forget to download and install the two phonetic fonts on the Student
Corner (under "Anglais") to make sure that your computer (at home) can
read and print phonemic symbols.
In writing, words are made of letters. In speech, words are made of sounds.
Letters are not always the same as words. For example, the words key and car begin
with the same sound, but the letters are different. We can see this clearly if we read
the two words in phonemic symbols: /ki;/, /ka;r/. In the examples, below, word pairs
have the same pronunciation but different spelling:
buy bye sun son
weak week weigh way
too two write right
Here is a list of the symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet
(Listen25 to it as many times as you want to get familiar with these very useful
symbols)
Vowels short:
I bit, in
e best, pen
& bad, cat
V cup, love
Q dog, wash
U put, good
@ potato, under
i happy, lucky, stadium
long:
i; sea, key
A; car, start
O; north, bought
u; blue, new
3; girl, fur
Diphthongs
eI day, make
aI try, night
OI boy, noise
@U no, low
aU how, loud
I@ here, near
e@ there, wear
U@ cure, newer
Consonants
p pen, top
b back, job
t time, bit
d dog, bad
k cat, pick
g go, bag
f find, off
v view, save
T think, bath
D this, with
s see, police
z zero, please
S ship, station
Z measure, television
h head, whole
m miss, climb
n need, know
N sing, long
tS check, pitch
dZ jam, age
l like, feel
r right, wrong
j yes, year
w wet, queen
25 The red and yellow symbol indicates that you can listen to the exercise
English 1 – 2013-2014 Page 7
2.2 Exercises
A The English alphabet. There are 26 letters in English and it is very useful to
know how to pronounce them, especially when you have to spell words. Listen
to the recording and practise spelling your own name and surname.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
B However, as you remember from the Introduction on the previous page, there
are a larger number of sounds in English, about 40 different sounds.
In some words, the number of letters is the same as the number of sounds.
Examples:
best 4 letters: b e s t and 4 sounds: /b e s t/
dentist 7 letters: d e n t i s t and 7 sounds: /"d e n t I s t/
C Sometimes, the number of sounds is different from the number of letters.
Examples:
green 5 letters: g r e e n and 4 sounds: /g r i; n/
bread 5 letters: b r e a d and 4 sounds: /b r e d/
listen 6 letters: l i s t e n and 5 sounds: /"l I s @ n/
six 3 letters: s i x and 4 sounds: /s I k s/
D We sometimes write the same sound differently in different words. For example,
the e in red sounds like the ea in bread.
Two words can have the same pronunciation but different spelling. They are
called homophones.
Example:
know – no
A: Do you know?
B: No, I don’t.
E And sometimes two words have the same spelling but different
pronunciations.
Example:
read (infinitive and present tense) – read (past tense)
A: Do you want to read the newspaper?
B: No, thanks, I read it this morning.
F So, because there are more sounds than letters, we use symbols for
pronunciation (see previous page).
best /best/ dentist /"dentIst/ green /gri;n/ happy /"h&pI/ coffee /"kQfI/ listen /"lIs@n/ three /Tri;/ six /sIks/ socks /sQks/ bread /bred/ no /n@U/ know /n@U/ red /red/ read /red/ (past tense)
read /ri;d/ (infinitive and present tense)
The symbol " (look at the beginning of the phonemic transcriptions of dentist,
happy, coffee and listen above) comes before stressed syllables.
English 1 – 2013-2014 Page 8
G Write the number of letters and the number of sounds in these words.
letters sounds
green 5 4
1 all
2 back
3 could
4 knee
5 sixty
6 thing
7 who
8 address
Check your answers using the key at the end of this handout. Then
listen and repeat.
H Some pronunciation symbols are easy. Write these words in their normal
spelling.
Example: /best/ ......................
1 /bIg/ ............... 2 /dres/ ............... 3 /frend/ ...............
4 /gIv/ ............... 5 /help/ ............... 6 /nekst/ ...............
7 /"verI/ ............... 8 /wel/ ...............
Check your answers using the key at the end of this handout. Then
listen and repeat.
I All five words in each group have the same vowel letter – a, e, i, o or u – but
one has a different vowel sound. Circle the word with the different vowel sound
in each group.
Example:
on top stop one gone
1 give time sit think rich
2 apple bad wash catch bank
3 much bus sun push up
4 many maths man hat flat
Check your answers using the key at the end of this handout. Then
listen and repeat.
best
English 1 – 2013-2014 Page 9
J In this story, there are 12 incorrect words. The correct word is
pronounced the same as the incorrect one, but the spelling is different.
Last weak, I cent my sun Jamie to the shops to bye sum food. He got a peace of
meet and too pairs. On the weigh home, the bag broke. The food fell onto the
rode and got dirty. In the end, Jamie through the food in the bin.
K How many sounds are there in each word? Write the order of consonant
sounds (C), vowel sounds (V) and diphthong sounds (D).
Example: night .................... (three sounds: first a consonant, then a diphtong
and finally another consonant)
1 dog ......................... 4 gorilla .........................
2 rabbit ......................... 5 snake .........................
3 frog ......................... 6 bee .........................
3 GRAMMAR - Articles From English Grammar in Use, p.147.
Complete the sentences using the following. Use the where necessary.
breakfast cinema dinner gate Gate 21 question 8 sea
1 'Are you going out this evening?' 'Yes, after .................... .'
2 There was no wind, so .................... was very calm.
3 The test wasn't too difficult, but I couldn't answer .................... .
4 'I'm going to .................... tonight.' 'Are you? What are you going to see?'
5 I didn't have time for .................... this morning because I was in a hurry.
6 Oh, .................... is open. I must have forgotten to shut it.
7 (airport announcement) Flight AB123 to Rome is now boarding at .................... .
Now listen to the recording for correction.
4 LISTENING
4.1 Dictation exercise
Listen to the recording and write down the sentences you hear.
1 ................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
4 ................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
C D C
dinner
English 1 – 2013-2014 Page 10
5 ................................................................................................................
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6 ................................................................................................................
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7 ................................................................................................................
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8 ................................................................................................................
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4.2 Enrolling on an evening class
a You are going to listen to a foreign student in the UK. She phones a language school
to enrol on an evening class. Put your pen down and simply listen to the telephone
conversation between the student and the receptionist. Do not make notes, just
listen.
b Now try to remember as much as you can from the recording.
c Now read the form below before you listen again, and complete this form as if you
were the receptionist who answers the call.
Cambridge Language College
Evening Classes
Student Enrolment Form
To be completed for all new students
Student details
Surname: ...........................................
First name: ...........................................
Nationality: ...........................................
Language: ...........................................
Occupation: ...........................................
Date of birth: ........ (day)/ ........ (month)/ ........ (year)
Address: ......................................................................................
Postcode ..............................
Phone nr: ...........................................
Course details
French 121 Elementary 131 Intermediate 141 Advanced
English 129 Elementary 139 Intermediate 149 Advanced
German 151 Elementary 161 Intermediate 171 Advanced
Spanish 159 Elementary 169 Intermediate 179 Advanced
Japanese 181 Elementary 191 Intermediate
Type of course short course long course
English 1 – 2013-2014 Page 11
5 SPEAKING
5.1 Enrolling on an evening class - practice
Practise the conversation between the student and the receptionist with your partner
(when you finish this exercise, swap roles).
5.2 Getting to know you...
From English Grammar in Use, p.145.
Pair work. Ask the following questions and answer them. Where possible, use the
structure "once a week", "three times a day", etc.
1 How often do you go to the cinema? ...............................................................
2 How often do you go to the cinema? ................................................................
3 How often do you go away on holiday? .............................................................
4 What's the usual speed limit in towns in your country? .......................................
5 How much sleep do you need? ........................................................................
6 How often do you go out in the evening? ..........................................................
7 How much television do you watch (on average26)? ............................................
8 How much does it cost to rent a small car in your country? .................................
5.3 What do you prefer?
From English Grammar in Use, p.151.
Pair work. Choose four of these things and write whether you like them or not:
bananas boxing cats crowds fast food horror movies
hot weather maths opera snow supermarkets zoos
Begin each sentence with one of these:
I like ... / I don't like ... I don't mind ...
I love ... / I hate ... I'm interested in ... / I'm not interested in
1 ...................................................................................................................
2 ...................................................................................................................
3 ...................................................................................................................
4 ...................................................................................................................
5 ...................................................................................................................
5.4 Conclusion
Go back to page 1 and react to Thomas Edison’s quote.
26 en moyenne
Three or four times a year.
English 1 – 2013-2014 Page 12
5 KEY TO EXERCISES
1a Clive Moon married Rose Harris in September 1940. They had two (1) children — a boy called Barry and a girl called Cynthia. Barry met his (2) wife, Nancy Thomas, at university and they got married five years later. In 1974, their (3) daughter, Amanda, was born. The same year, Barry's (4) sister, Cynthia, met her (5) husband, Paul Baston. She asked her (6) brother, Barry, to be best-man at their wedding.
Not long after the wedding, Nancy and Barry had a (7) son. They called him Colin. Barry's (8) parents, Rose and Clive, were thrilled. Now they had two (9) grandchildren. Soon they would have three. In 1982, their second (10) grandson, Peter, was born. This also meant that Barry was now an (11) uncle and Nancy an (12) aunt. Both were very fond of their new (13) nephew, Peter, and pleased that their own children now had a (14) cousin.
In 1992, on Amanda's 18th birthday, the Moon family held a big birthday party. Amanda's (15) mother, Nancy, gave her a computer — something she had wanted for a long time —
and her (16) father, Barry, paid for twelve driving lessons. Cynthia and Paul gave their (17) niece a CD player, while her (18) grandparents, Clive and Rose, gave her some money. As her (19) grandfather, Clive, said, 'Well, it's difficult to buy things for young people, isn't it?'
Amanda's (20) grandmother, Rose, agreed. 'Our (21) granddaugher's taste in clothes is not the same as ours. So it's much better to let her choose for herself, really.'
1b 1 false; 2 true; 3 true; 4 false (it can mean both); 5 true; 6 false; 7 true; 8 true; 9 false; 10 true.
2.2 G
letters sounds
green 5 4
1 all 3 2
2 back 4 3
3 could 5 3
4 knee 4 2
5 sixty 5 6
6 thing 5 3
7 who 3 2
8 address 7 5
H 1 big; 2 dress; 3 friend; 4 give; 5 help; 6 next; 7 very; 8 well.
I 1 time; 2 wash; 3 push; 4 many.
J
Last week, I sent my son Jamie to the shops to buy some food. He got a piece
of meat and two pears. On the way home, the bag broke. The food fell onto the
road and got dirty. In the end, Jamie threw the food in the bin.
K 1 dog .........CVC.......... 4 gorilla ..........CVCVCV...............
2 rabbit .......CVCVC......... 5 snake ........CCDC.................
3 frog ........CCVC................. 6 bee .........CV................
3 1 - dinner; 2 - the sea; 3 - question 8; 4 - the cinema; 5 - breakfast; 6 - the gate;
7 - Gate 21.
English 1 – 2013-2014 Page 13
4.1 1 You should use a highlighter pen to mark new or interesting vocabulary.
2 Say the words aloud, pronounce them.
3 Write down important words and phrases in your notebook with example
sentences.
4 When you don't know the meaning of a word, you can look it up in a dictionary.
5 I'm sorry I'm late, but my train was cancelled.
6 What shall we do this evening?
7 I'm afraid I don't agree at all.
8 Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?
4.2
Cambridge Language College
Evening Classes
Student Enrolment Form
To be completed for all new students
Student details
Surname: Silva .....................................................
First name: Maria ...................................................
Nationality: Mexican .............................................
Language: Spanish ..............................................
Occupation: Student ..............................................
Date of birth: ...11... (day)/...10... (month)/ ..1983.. (year)
Address: 24 Cherry Road ...........................................................
Postcode ..CB1 5AW.................
Phone nr: 742 980..........................
Course details
French 121 Elementary 131 Intermediate 141 Advanced
English 129 Elementary 139 Intermediate 149 Advanced
German 151 Elementary 161 Intermediate 171 Advanced
Spanish 159 Elementary 169 Intermediate 179 Advanced
Japanese 181 Elementary 191 Intermediate
Type of course short course long course