Week 16

World History

Day 1

What was the Great Schism?

What were 3 effects of the bubonic plague?

Which event do you think diminished the power of the Church more-the Great Schism or the bubonic plague? Explain w/ evidence your

answer

The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire• Many Turks live in Anatolia,view themselves

as ghazis—warriors who fight for IslamOsman Establishes a State• 1300 to 1326, Osman, successful ghazi,

builds state in Anatolia Europeans call him Othman and followers Ottomans

• Ottomans win battles because they use muskets and cannons

• Successors expand through alliances and land salessman Establishes a State

• Orkhan, Osman’s son, declares himself sultan—overlord In 1361, Turks conquer Adrianople

• Ottomans rule fairly over conquered peoples

Timur the Lame Halts Expansion• Timur the Lame—Tamerlane—rises to

power in Central Asia• Timur defeats Ottomans in 1402, burning

BaghdadPowerful Sultans Spur Dramatic

Expansion• Murad's son, Mehmed II, conquers

Constantinople in 1453 Opens city to Jews, Christians, and Muslims and rebuilds

Ottomans Take Islam’s Holy Cities• In 1512, Selim the Grim, Mehmed’s

grandson, comes to power defeats Persian Safavids and pushes into North Africa

• Conquers Mecca, Medina, and Cairo: important Muslim cities

Suleyman the Lawgiver, Selim’s son, rules from 1520 to 1566

• Suleyman conquers Belgrade (1521) and Rhodes (1522) control eastern Mediterranean, North African coastline, control inland trade routes

•1526, Ottoman Empire is the largest in the world

Highly Structured Social Organization• Suleyman creates law code, reduces

bureaucracy, simplifies taxation• 30,000 soldiers—janissaries—loyal to the

sultan• Jews and Christians allowed to practice

religionCultural Flowering• Suleyman’s broad interests lead to

flourishing of arts, learning

Mosque of

Suleyman

Gradual Fall• Suleyman kills

one son and exiles another

• Third son inherits throne but rules weakly

• Later sultans kill their brothers and leave their sons uneducated

• Long line of weak sultans leads to empire’s eventual fall

Group

Ruler Success Years

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.

Day 2

Do you think that Suleyman's religious tolerance helped or hurt the empire?

Where did the Ottoman empire extend too?

Why is Suleyman the lawgiver famous?

Cultural Blending in Persia• Between 16th and 18th centuries a Shi’ite

Muslim dynasty ruled Persia - Safavid Empire—

Causes of Cultural Blending• Changes from migration, conquest, trade,

religionResults in changes in language, religion,

gov't, technology, racial and ethnic blending, intermarriage

• Cultural styles adapted into arts and architecture

Safavid Origins• Begins as religious order built powerful

military• Fourteen-year-old Isma’il conquers Iran by

1451• Takes title of shah—king• Makes Shi’a Islam official religion; kills

Sunnis• Son, Tahmasp, greatly expands empire

A Safavid Golden Age• Shah Abbas—Abbas the Great—takes

throne in 1587• Helps create a thriving Safavid culture• Reforms military and government; brings in

Christian tradeA New Capital• Esfahan—new capital—is one of world’s

most beautiful citiesArt Works• Chinese artisans blend Chinese and Persian

stylesCarpets• Carpet weaving becomes national industry

Shah Abbas

The Dynasty Declines QuicklyThe Safavid Empire Weakens• Abbas kills and blinds his ablest sons• Safi, Abbas's incompetent grandson, leads

to empire’s decline• By 1722, the empire is losing land to the

Ottomans and Afghans• Nadir Shah Afshar expands the empire, but

it falls apart in 1747

Group

Write a 30-90 second radio script advertisement for the Shah Abbas that will encourage people

to visit Esfhan.

Include: What makes Esfahan special.Arts, Crafts, Architecture,

Cultural influences a visitor could recognize

Homework

Day 3

What are the 4 causes of cultural blending?

How did the location of the Safavid empire contribute to the cultural blending in the

empire?

Why might Isma'il have become so intolerant of the Sunni Muslims?

Mongols, invade northwestern India• Muslims and Hindus fight for almost 300

years• 1000, loose empire of Turkish warlords—

Delhi Sultanate—formsDelhi Sultanate• Sultans rule from Delhi between 13th - 16th

c.• Timur the Lame rises to power destroys

Delhi in 1398Babur Founds an Empire• Babur, king of small land in Central Asia at

age 11• Is dethroned and driven south into India• Conquers much of N. India, formed Mughal

Empire• Son Humayun lost most of the conquered

territory• Babur’s grandson succeeds Humayan

Babur's Grandson• Akbar—“Greatest One”— rules India

from 1556 to 1605• Akbar uses cannons; names native

Indians as officers•Religious freedom and cuts tax on non-

Muslims• Allows all ppl a chance to serve in high gov't

office• Hindu finance minister develops better tax

plan; income grows• Akbar gives land to his officials, then

reclaims it when they die• Many cultures blend, mixing art, education,

politics, and language• New languages like Hindi and Urdu emerge

Akbar’s Successors• Akbar’s son, Jahangir, allows wife Nur Jahan

to run government appoints her father prime minister

• Nur Jahan favors son Khusrau over other sons

• Khusrau rebels, supported by Sikhs, nonviolent religious group, Sikhs become targets of Mughal hatred

• Shah Jahan—Jahangir’s son and successor, marries Persian princess

Assassinates all competitors for throne• Wife dies while giving birth to 14th child in

1631• Taj Mahal—huge marble tomb Shah Jahan

builds for his wife one of the most beautiful buildings in the world

The People Suffer• People suffer paying for wars and monuments• Shah Jahan’s third son—Aurangzeb—

imprisons father and takes over• Rules 1658 - 1707; expands empire to its

largest• Strictly enforces Islamic law & attempts to kill

Hindus• Hindus rebel and Sikhs become militant

Levies oppressive taxes on Hindus, causing more rebellion

• Over 2 million people die of famine while Aurangzeb wages war

• Emperor becomes a figurehead; empire breaks into separate states

• Meanwhile, traders arrive from England, Holland, France, Portugal • European traders gain key ports

Group

Find 3 idioms on page 518Explain their meaning

Share an example of an idiom not from the textDefine Idiom

Homework