Document 4: Cover of Harper’s Weekly (July 22, 1905)

Document 1: Excerpt from The Whiteman’s Burden by Rudyard Kipling (1899)

Document 2: “Panama—A New Sister Republic (New York Journal, 1903)

Document 3: Excerpts from Senator Albert Beveridge’s Speech to the Senate (January 9, 1900)

Take up the White Man's burden--Send forth the best ye breed--Go bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives' need;To wait in heavy harness,On fluttered folk and wild--Your new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and half-child.

Take up the White Man's burden--The savage wars of peace--Fill full the mouth of FamineAnd bid the sickness cease;And when your goal is nearestThe end for others sought,Watch sloth and heathen FollyBring all your hopes to nought.

Take up the White Man's burden--Ye dare not stoop to less--Nor call too loud on FreedomTo cloke your weariness;By all ye cry or whisper,By all ye leave or do,The silent, sullen peoplesShall weigh your gods and you.

Document 5: Excerpt from William Jennings Bryan’s “Imperialism: Flag of an Empire Speech” (1900)

“Even now we are beginning to see the paralyzing influence of imperialism. Heretofore this nation has

been prompt to express its sympathy with those who were fighting for civil liberty. While our sphere

of activity has been limited to the western hemisphere, our sympathies have not been bounded by the

seas…

And so with this nation, it is of age and it can do what it pleases; it can spurn the traditions of the past;

it can repudiate the principles upon which the nation rests; it can employ force instead of reason; it

can substitute might for right; it can conquer weaker people; it can exploit their lands, appropriate

their property and kill their people; but it cannot repeal the moral law or escape the punishment

decreed for the violation of human rights.”

Document 6: “After All, The Philippines Are Only the Stepping Stone to China” (Judge Magazine, 1900)

Document 7: Excerpt from President Theodore Roosevelt’s Address to the Nation (1904)

“Any country whose people conduct themselves well can count upon our hearty friendship. If a nation shows

that it knows how to act with reasonable efficiency and decency in social and political matters, if it keeps

order and pays its obligations, it need fear no interference from the United States. Chronic wrongdoing, or an

impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere,

ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the

United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of

such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power.”

Document 8: Cover of Judge Magazine (November 3, 1900)

Document 9: “ The Big Stick in the Caribbean Sea” (Puck Magazine, 1904)

Document 10: Report from a Manila correspondent for the Philadelphia Ledger (1901)

Document 11: Excerpt from an interview with African-American solider William Simms (1901)

Document 12: Political Cartoons from the New York Journal (1897)

Document 13: Excerpts from the Anti-Imperialist League Platform (1900)

Document 14: “School Begins” (Puck Magazine, 1900)

We hold that the policy known as imperialism is hostile to liberty and tends toward militarism, an evil from which it has been our glory to be free. We regret that it has become necessary, in the land of Washington and Lincoln to reaffirm that all men, of whatever race or color, are entitled to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. We maintain that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed. We insist that the subjugation of any people is “criminal aggression.”...We hold, with Abraham Lincoln, that “no man is good enough to govern another man without that other’s consent.”

Document 15: Map of American Involvement in Latin America (1898-1939)