wednesday, 21 september chapter 11 the endocrine system chapter 6 nervous system a and b
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Wednesday, 21 September Chapter 11 The Endocrine System Chapter 6 Nervous System A and B. Two 1QQs returned on Piano. Lab this week: Analyzing a research paper + First Endocrine Case study. Lab next week: Four more cases in endocrinology. 1QQ # for 8:30. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Wednesday, 21 SeptemberChapter 11 The Endocrine System
Chapter 6 Nervous System A and BTwo 1QQs returned on Piano
Lab this week: Analyzing a research paper + First Endocrine Case study.Lab next week: Four more cases in endocrinology
1QQ # for 8:30
1) Suppose the portal vessel that connects the median eminence to the adenohypophysis was completely occluded (blocked.) Which hypothalamic hormone(s) could not reach their target cells?
a) ACTH b) CRH c) DA d) Prolactin e) TRH f) TSH g) FHS h) T3 i) GnRH j) ADH
OR
2A Name the hormone normally secreted by hepatocytes.
2B Name the hormone secreted by cells in the adenohypophysis that stimulates the secretion of the “liver” hormone.
2C Suppose liver cells form a tumor that secretes the “liver” hormone in an unregulated manner. Assuming cells in the adenohypophysis are behaving normally, would the levels of the tropic hormone from the anterior pituitary be normal, high, or low?
Write the number of the one question you choose to answer.
1QQ # for 9:30
1) Suppose the portal vessel that connects the median eminence to the adenohypophysis was completely occluded (blocked.) Which hypothalamic hormone(s) could not reach their target cells?
a) Oxytocin b) Prolactin c) DA d) CRH e) TRH f) TSH g) FHS h) T3 i) GnRH j) ADH
OR
2 Cells in the anterior pituitary gland that secrete TSH
a) have receptors for TRH in their cell membranesb) can sense the levels of T3 and T4 in the plasmac) will release more TSH as levels of TRH rise
d) Should release less TSH after a person has been treated with radioactive iodine
e) Should release less TSH if a person is dosed with exogenous TH.
Write the number of the one question you choose to answer.
Tropic hormones control the function
Trophic hormones promote survival and growth of targets
Releasing Hormone
Release-inhibiting Hormone
Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system
A
A
S S
P
P
PPPPP
PPPP
S 6
Tropic hormones control the function
Trophic hormones promote survival and growth of targetsReleasing Hormone Release Inhibiting Hormone
Long
-loop
neg
ativ
e fe
edba
ck
Sho
rt-lo
op N
eg. F
eed.
S 7
⇧Cortisol secretion from Adrenal Cortex
Mobilize fuel from muscle & adipose tissueSuppress non-essential functions (reproduction & growth)Suppress inflammatory &immune responsesPotentiates response to EPI (vascular smooth muscle)
ACTH from Ant. Pit
CRH from Hypothalamus
Physical traumaProlonged exposure to coldProlonged intense exerciseInfectionSleep deprivationPainFrightEmotional distress
Vasopressin
Cytokines fromimmune cells
Excess Cortisol from 1) adrenal cortex tumor (primary) or 2) hypersecretion of ACTH from anterior pituitary (secondary)
Cushing’s Syndrome
Basal levels of CortisolRequired for normal sensitivity to EPI; symptoms of excess cortisol are…..
Clinical example: treatment of chronic inflammation (e.g. arthritis) with high doses of cortisol can lead to Cushing’s Syndrome!
S 8
⇧Cortisol secretion from Adrenal Cortex
Mobilize fuel from muscle & adipose tissueSuppress non-essential functions (reproduction & growth)Suppress inflammatory &immune responsesPotentiates response to EPI (vascular smooth muscle)
ACTH from Ant. Pit
CRH from Hypothalamus
Physical traumaProlonged exposure to coldProlonged intense exerciseInfectionSleep deprivationPainFrightEmotional distress
Vasopressin
Cytokines fromimmune cells
S 8
Disorder =AcromegalyType of endocrine disorder = ????
• Excessive growth of bones and soft tissues of face and hands, and feet.
• Hypersecretion of Growth Hormone from adenohypophysis or ectopic tumor in adults
• Treatment?
• Somatostatin analogs?
• GH receptor blockers
• Transphenoidal resection/ablation with focal radiation
Compare to Pituitary Gigantism
S 5
GHRH SS
GH
Applied Physiology: MenopauseWidmaier text p. 626-7
• Onset ~ age 50• Irregular menstrual cycles• Breasts and genital organs gradually atrophy• Decrease in bone mass & strength
(osteoporosis) (bone resorption > bone deposition)
• Hot flashes…sweating, etiology unknown• Increased incidence of coronary artery disease
S 9
Menopause, continued.
• Caused by ovarian failure….loss of estrogen• Estrogen has protective function for
cardiovascular system and sustains bone• Diagnosis
– Test estrogen levels– Test FSH levels….interpretation if high?
• Treatment– Hormone replacement therapy– Risk of HRT: increased incidence of breast cancer
& uterine endometrial cancer– Advantages: alleviates symptoms, restores
cardiovascular protection, sustains bone density
S 10
Neurons? Endocrine cells? Neuroendocrine cells?
S 6
Neurons and endocrine cells are very involved in homeostasis. To Chapter 6!