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Boat Crew Study GuideSN Brook Kolarich June 2012

STA Montauk

The 8 responsibilities of a boat crewman Helm Anchor watch Lookout Tow watch Rig towing and mooring lines Operate damage control equipment Act as a surface swimmer Administer first aid

Reporting a Contact as a LookoutDescription-Bearing-Distance“I have a white fishing vessel bearing 2-1-0, 200 yards out”Bearing drift: Alert coxswain as to direction contact is traveling, either right or left bearing drift, or a possible overtaking situation.Aspect: What part of the vessel do you see? Port, stern, bow, etc. At night, use navigation lights to identify.Target Angle: Used for contacts in the air such as helos and airplanes.

First Aid

Shock: Shock is a depressed physiological or psychological state.

Shock Syndrome: A set of symptoms which can occur either singly or as a group. These symptoms are unique to each person and can change throughout the process of treating an injury. Symptoms may develop rapidly or may have a delayed onset. Each symptom may manifest differently in each person.

Causes of shock: Trauma Allergic reactions Hypothermia Drugs Toxins Emotional state Heart attack or stroke

Symptoms of shock: Restlessness Fainting Thirst Nausea Fright Anxiousness Weakness Dizziness

Signs of shock: Weak and rapid pulse Shallow, rapid, or irregular breathing Cold, clammy, sweating skin Dilated pupils Altered or changing state of consciousness

Station Montauk Boat Crew Study Guide - SN Kolarich, June 2012

Treating Shock: If not hypothermic, have person lie on their back and elevate their legs. If victim is unconscious, check vitals and start rescue breathing or CPR as necessary.

Fatigue: Mental and physical fatigues are among the greatest dangers during boating operations. Fatigue reduces the powers of observation, concentration, and judgment.

Situations that may cause fatigue: Extreme hot or cold weather conditions Eye strain from lookout, sun conditions, sea spray, etc Effort to maintain balance Stress Loud noises Lack of sleep boredom

Three types of bleeding: Arterial: From an artery, bright red, gushes forth in spurts that are in synch with person’s pulse Venous: From a vein, is dark read and comes in a steady flow Capillary: From capillaries, is bright red and oozing

Controlling bleeding: Direct pressure: The best method of controlling hemorrhaging is by applying direct pressure to

the wound. The palm of a gloved hand should be placed over the wound. Sterile, disposable gloves should be used. To reduce the flow of bleeding, the injury should be raised so it is at a level higher than the heart.

Pressure points: If bleeding persists after applying direct pressure, you may need to apply pressure to a pressure point to stop the flow of blood to the area. Apply direct and constant pressure.


TemporalFacialCarotidSubclavianAxillaryBrachialRadial/UlnarFemoral UpperFemoral LowerPoplitealDorsalis Pedis

Elevation: Elevate the bleeding body part above the heart. Tourniquet: If severe bleeding cannot be controlled after trying all other means and the

victim is in danger of bleeding to death, use a tourniquet. Remember that a tourniquet is useful only on arms and legs. A tourniquet is a constricting band placed around an extremity, then tightened until bleeding from an artery has stopped. When a tourniquet is required, use the tourniquets available in a standard Coast Guard first aid kit. Otherwise, use any widegauge material such as a webbed belt strap with a buckle. This should be used as a last resort.When used, write the time on the victim’s forehead that the tourniquet was tied.

o Refer to the following procedures when applying a tourniquet:1) Place the tourniquet two to three inches above the wound, but not touching the wound edges. If the wound is in a joint area or just below a joint, place the tourniquet directly above the joint.2 )Wrap the tourniquet band tightly around the limb twice and secure it in place.3) Attach a note to the victim giving the location of the tourniquet and the time that it was applied. Always leave the tourniquet exposed to view. If it is not possible to attach a note, write the letter “T” on the patient’s forehead with a grease pen, lipstick, or other suitable marker, and show the time it was applied.4) After making the decision, and applying a tourniquet, DO NOT LOOSEN.5) Continue to treat for shock and obtain medical attention IMMEDIATELY.

Compound (open) Fracture: The bone has broken and an open wound is present. The bone may be protruding out of the wound or skin.

Simple (closed) Fracture: The bone is broken or cracked but no open wound is present. Care must be taken to limit movement of the bone to prevent an open fracture form occurring.

Three types of burns: 1st degree: Mildest type of burn. Only the outer most layers of skin are affected. Produces redness,

increased warmth, tenderness, and mild pain. 2nd degree: Extend through the outer layers of skin into the inner layers, but not enough to prevent

rapid regenerative growth of skin cells. Blisters, severe pain, redness, and warmth may be present. 3rd degree: These types of burns penetrate the full thickness of the skin, destroying both the inner

and outer layers. Severe pain may be present but is commonly absent as the nerve endings may be burnt off. Color may range from white and lifeless to charred and black. Healing requires many months and commonly skin graphs are needed.

Burn treatment: 1st degree: Immerse in cold water until pain subsides, cover with a sterile dressing. 2nd degree: Immerse in cold water until pain subsides, do not break the blisters, wrap in sterile

dressing 3rd degree: Cover burn to prevent infection. Treat for shock, do not give person any food or water,

and check vitals every five minutes, alert EMS as soon as possible.

Anaphylactic shock: A rapid, extreme allergic reaction. Symptoms:

o Itching skino Hiveso Flushingo Swelling lips, hands, tongue, feet or throato Abdominal crampso Coughingo Headacheo Shortness of breatho Loss of consciousness


o Altered mental status Treatment:

o Requires medication to counteract the allergic reaction to the substance.o If the victim carries an epinephrine kit, crewmembers may assist them in administering it,

if trained.o The victim should be treated for shock, and if necessary, administered CPR.o Some cases of anaphylactic shock are so extreme death may occur in just a few minutes.

Heart attack: A heart attack is always considered a medical emergency since the victim is in significant danger

of going into cardiopulmonary arrest and dying. Medical assistance should be contacted immediately. Symptoms:

o Severe, crushing type pain under the breastbone, arms, neck, and jaw.o Profuse sweating, shortness of breatho Extreme anxietyo Nausea and vomitingo Bluish discoloration of lips, fingernails, and skin

Treatmento Keep the victim quiet and at resto Administer oxygen if trained to do soo Place victim in a position that comfortable to them o Seek immediate medical attention and notify local EMSo Determine if the victim is taking any medication for their heart such as nitroglycerineo Reassure the patient that assistance is on the way or that transportation to a hospital is

imminento Transport the victim as quickly as possible

Scuba incident (BENDS): Also known as decompression sickness Treatment:

o Immediately notify EMS and start transport to nearest recompression facility o Place the diver on their left side with head down and provide oxygen if availableo Treat for shock but do no elevate legso Get dive profile ( how deep & for how long)o Secure dive gear for transport with victim

Hypothermia: A lowering of a person’s core body temperature. Signs and symptoms:

o Low body temperatureo Low blood pressureo Slow, weak pulseo Unconsciousnesso Cold skin, possible shivering or chattering of the teetho May seem disoriented o Slow and labored breathingo Slurred speecho Dilated pupils

Body temperature: o Body temp is the most useful yard stick for identifying hypothermia. Victims will have a

rectal temperature below normal. Only rectal temperatures are of value, since it is the body’s core temperature that determines the severity of hypothermia.


Treatment: o Remove wet clothing and replace with dry clothing or blankets in a warm environment.

Emergencies caused by heat: Cramps, Heat Exhaustion, and Stroke.

Stroke: A stroke is any bleeding or clotting affecting the blood vessels of the brain. Symptoms: Person may not be sweating any more

o Unconsciousnesso Shocko Confusiono Dizzinesso Facial droopo Impaired visiono Difficulty speakingo Seizureso Numbness/weakness on one side of the body

Treatment:o Activate EMS and notify local medical assistance immediatelyo Treat for shocko Help the victim maintain an open airway and provide rescue breathing if necessary

Cramps: Painful contractions of various skeletal muscles. Caused by depletion of salt from body fluids. Treatment: drink cool fluids.

Heat Exhaustion: Too much fluid lost by perspiration Treatment: remove patient from environment and place them on their back with legs elevated.

Cool the patient and if conscious, administer sips of cool water or sports drink and treat for shock.

Personal Protective Equipment


• Work Uniform Type III PFD and BC Survival Vest: Water Temp 60°F + / Air Temp 30°F +

• Anti-Exposure Suit and BC Survival Vest: Water Temp 50° to 60°F / Air Temp 50° F+ (Mustang)

• Dry Suit W/ layer 1 and 2, Undergarments, Type III PFD, BC Survival Vest, Neoprene Hood: Water Temp 50°F and below / Air Temp 50°F and below.

Stability

Center of gravity: The center of gravity is the point at which the weight of the boat acts vertically downwards. Thus, the boat acts as if all of its weight were concentrated in one point – the center of gravity. Generally, the lower the center of gravity, the more stable the boat.

Buoyancy: Buoyancy is the upward force of water displaced by the hull. The force of buoyancy keeps the boat afloat; however it may be overcome if too much weight is added.

Equilibrium: When a boat is at rest, the center of gravity acting downwards is directly above the center of buoyancy acting upwards. At this point the boat is considered to be in equilibrium.

Rolling: When a boat rolls, the center of gravity will move in the same direction as the roll.

Heeling: In heeling, the underwater volume of the boat changes shape, causing the center of buoyancy to move.


Listing: If the center of gravity is not in the centerline of the boat, the boat will heel until equilibrium is reached with the centers of gravity and buoyancy in alignment.

The two types of stability are: Transverse: Athwart ships. This type of stability tends to keep the boat from rolling & capsizing. Longitudinal: Fore & aft. This type of stability tends to balance the boat preventing it from

pitching end-over-end (pitch-polling).

The two forces that effect stability are: Static: Caused by placement of weight within the hull. Dynamic: Caused by actions outside the hull such as winds & waves. Bonus: If ice adheres to the hull it becomes a static force effecting stability, since it can offset the

weight of the boat causing it to heel.

Sound Signals

Short: About 1 secondLong: 4 – 6 seconds

International

I am altering my course to starboard, passing port to port

I am altering my course to port, passing stbd to stbd I am operating astern propulsion

Danger

Not under command, restricted ability to maneuver, constrained by draft, engaged in fishing, sailing, towing, and pushing ahead.

Inland

I intend to leave you on my port side, altering my course to stbd

I intend to leave you on my starboard side, altering my course to port


Anchored Vessels/ Vessels Aground

Vessel <100M Anchored: Rapid ringing of the bell for 5 seconds every minute. Vessel >100M Anchored: Rapid ringing of the bell for 5 seconds, followed by rapid ringing of the

gong for 5 seconds every minute.

Vessel Aground: 3 distinct strokes of bell, followed by ringing of the bell for 5 seconds, followed by 3 distinct strikes of the bell.

Navigation

Day Shapes:

Anchored

Vessel not under command

Vessel aground

Restricted ability to maneuver

Towing

Constrained by draft

Sailing

Fishing


Night Lights:

RW Fishing (lines) “red over white, fishing tonight”

GW Fishing (nets) “green over white, trolling tonight”

WR Piloting vessel “white over red pilot ahead”

RR Not under command “red over red the captain is dead”

RRR Constrained by draft

RWR Restricted ability to maneuver “white over red the work I dread”

GG G Mine Sweeping

Vessel Navigation Lights: Colors & Arcs of VisibilityTow: Normally yellow over yellow (pushing) or yellow over white (stern tow)Masthead light: Red over green if sailing at night


Green

Red

Yellow

White

Red Green

Port: 112.5* redStbd: 112.5* greenTow: 135.0* yellowAnchor: 360.0* whiteStern: 135.0* whiteMast: 225.0* white

225*

Day Beacon: Day beacons are unlighted fixed structures fitted with a day board for daytime identification.

Identify a nun buoy and a can buoy:

• Nun buoy: Red, even numbers, pass on starboard side when returning from sea, port side when going out to sea.

• Can Buoy: Green, odd numbers, pass on port side when returning from sea, on stbd side when going out to sea.

Charts

= Latitude

= Longitude1nm= 2,000 yards1degree = 60 min1 min= 60 secondsCompass

Magnetic Compass: The magnetic compass is the standard equipment on all boats. The magnetic compass determines the boat’s heading.

True Direction: Printed around the outside of the compass rose.

Variation: The difference in degrees between the true and magnetic north for the area covered by the chart. Commonly printed in the middle of the compass rose.

Deviation: The amount of deflection influenced by a vessel and its electronics on the compass. It varies according to the heading of the vessel and can be caused by metal objects around the compass, electrical motors, etc.

Set: Direction

Drift: Speed

Datum: The most probable location of a search-object for set and drift over a given period of time.

3 & 6 minute rule:

The 3 & 6 minute rules are used to quickly solve for distance in nautical navigation. 1 nm = 2,000 yards1 kt = 1nm/hr 1 kt = 2,000 yards/hour (this is equivalent to MPH)

3 Minute Rule: (Speed - 2 to left/ Distance - 2 to right)

3min(yards)

To find your speed in knots, move decimal 2 places to the left

600 yards = _____ kts 600 yards = 6.00 kts

1873 yards = _____ kts 1873 yards = 18.73 kts


To find your distance in yards, move your decimal 2 places to the right

10 kts = _____ yards 10 kts = 1000 yards

12.3 kts = ____ yards 12.3 kts = 1230 yards

6 Minute Rule: (Speed - 1 to right/ Distance - 1 to left)

6min(nm)

To find your distance in nm move decimal one place to the left

12 kts = ____ nm 12kts = 1.2 nm

16.7 kts = ____ nm 16.7 kts = 1.67 nm

To find your speed in knots move decimal one place to the right

1.0 nm = ____ kts 1.0 nm = 10.0 kts

1.99 nm = ____ kts 1.99 nm = 19.9 kts

Solving for an unknown variable: Speed, Distance, & Time

60D=SxT

“60 D street”

D= Distance in nm

S= Speed in kts

T= Time in minutes

Boat Specifics: 25’ RBS

Cabin 5052 MGA


Shank

Stock

Flukes

Crown

60 D = SxT60 (4) = S x 10240 = S x 1010 1024 = SSpeed is 24 kts

Hull ¼” 5086 MGADecks and side plates 3/16” 5086 MGALength of hull 25’Length over all 29’ 6 ½” Length at waterline 22’ 8 ½”Beam 8’6”Operational draft 39”Draft with engines up 23 ¼”Height of mast tailored 12’ 8”Radar dome tailored 11’ ½”Searchlight tailored 9’7”Highest fixed point, tailored 9’1/2”Crew capacity 04Passengers 06Seating total 10Fuel tank capacity 105 gallonsBoat weight, outfitted, no crew 7400lbsBoat maximum, outfitted, 10 pob 9200lbsWeight tailored, outfitted, no crew 9450lbsMax speed 46 kts @ 6000 RPMCruise speed 35kts @ 4500 RPMMax range at cruise 150nmMax winds 25 ktsMax seas 6ft no surfMax towing capacity 10 disp. TonsMax operating distance 10 nmOutside air temperature 0-105 FOutside water temperature 28-95 FTow reel 300’ of 2 ¼” DBNAnchor line 250’ of 1 ½” DBNHeating system 2.5 gallon diesel tankProps 14” diameter

19” pitchEngines Twin Honda 4 stroke

outboard engines 225 HP

Fire extinguishers 2 B-1 with 2lbs of dry chemical agent. Discharges in 9-10 seconds.

Boat Specifics: 47’ MLB

Cabin 5456 MGALength of hull 47’11”Length over all 48’11”Beam 15’0”Draft 4’6”Freeboard - Bow 6’8” Amidships (deck recess) 2’2” Aft 7’1”Highest fixed point (radar junction box) 18’6”


Highest point of mast (DF antenna) 24’ 6”Highest unfixed point (HF antenna) 28’4”Portable water capacity 5 GallonsEngines DDEC-

6V92TATwin Detroit diesel electronically controlled

Rated Horsepower 435 Bitt HorsepowerAt 2050 RPM

Reduction Gear Reintjes WVS 234 UP (u-drive propul)2:1 REDUCTION

Electrical Generation Dual Alternators

Propellers Fixed 4-bladed28” diameter36” pitch

Displacement - Hoisting condition fully outfitted, no crew 40,000 lbsFuel type DieselFuel Capacity - 100% 394 Gallons 95% 373 Gallons 90% (usable) 353 GallonsMax speed 25ktsCruise speed 20ktsRange (cruising RPM, calm waters) 200 nmMax winds 50ktsMax seas 30’Max breaking seas (surf) 20’Max personnel including crew 34 peopleMax operating distance from shore 50nmMax RPM 2050 @ 2050

RPMCruising RPM 1850 @ 1850

RPMIce breaking capabilities Light surface

iceTow capacity w/ 3 ¼ “ line 150 Disp tonsTow capacity w/ 2 ¼ “ line 50 Disp tonsHeight of eye from open bridge 14’Length at waterline 43’

47’ Watertight Compartments:

1. Lazarette: Transom to frame 12. Engine Room: Frame 1 to frame 53. Survivor’s Compartment: Frame 5 to frame 84. Aux Space: Frame 8 to frame 10


5. Forward Compartment: Frame 10 to frame 156. Forpeak: Frame 15 to bow7. Enclosed Bridge: Frame 8 to frame 10 above the main deck

47’ Fire Extinguishers:Survivors Compartment:5 lb CO2 Extinguisher: 4-6’ with 30 sec discharge10 lb PKP Extinguisher: 6-8’ with 30 sec discharge

Aux Space:(2) 25lb CO2 bottles for fixed System

Closed Bridge:5 lb CO2 Extinguisher: 4-6’ with 30 sec discharge10 lb PKP Extinguisher: 6-8’ with 30 sec discharge

25’ Fire Extinguishers:Two B-1 Fire extinguishers on board. One is in the cuddy cabin on the port side, and one is in the aft starboard deck box. Each extinguisher contains two pounds of dry chemical agent (ammonium phosphate) that will discharge in 9 – 10 seconds once the handle is activated. This type of extinguisher is designed to be used on class A, B, & C fires.

Control Panel Indicators: 25’ RBS

Overheating Indicator: If red indicator light comes on, the engine speed will be gradually reduced to approximately 1800 RPM and the engine will stop after 20 seconds. The overheating indicator is activated via the engine control module by two overheat sensors mounted on the engine.

Oil Pressure Indicator: If oil pressure becomes low, < 23psi at 1800 RPM, the green oil light will come on.

Alternator Indicator: The red indicator light will come on if there is a malfunction in the charging system. . Each 12 volt alternator is rated at 60amp at 2300 PRM, and 48 amps at 1000 RPM.

Programmed Fuel Injection Indicator: The red indicator light will come on when the ECM senses an abnormality from one of the nine engine-mounted sensors.

BECCES

Loss of control of engine RPM:Crewmember should:

Check throttle and shift control cables Check throttle arm and engine Report all findings to coxswain

Loss of fuel pressure:Crewmember should:

Check aft compartments and aft deck for fuel Check for fuel around engine cover Check condition of fuel filters Check engine fuel lines Check engine fuel filter and water separator

Loss of lube oil pressure:Crewmember should:

Check outboard engine area for oil Verify oil level on dipstick


Check that spin-on oil filter is tightly installed Check oil drain fitting for security

Overheating engine:Crewmember should:

Check engine cover with back of hand for signs of overheating Check engine cover for signs of steam If possible, tilt engine forward and check cooling water intake for obstructions

Fire in the engine room:Crewmember should:

Yell “Fire Fire Fire” One crew member will relay information between the engineer and the coxswain One crew member should go to aft deck. “Standing by to close the vents!”

- “Standing by to move pump forward!”- “Standing by to anchor!”

If there is a fire in the Aux space, you will see smoke leaving the vents on the sides of the 47’, may feel heat in the boat.

Hitting a submerged object:Crewmember should:

Look behind the boat. “20 foot log 100ft off your port quarter!” One crew member will relay information between the engineer and the coxswain while they run a

vibration test. Other crew member will check bilge panel and compartments for water, always visually checking

and asking permission to enter each compartment.

Underway Limits

Boat Seas < 4ft Seas > 4 ft Heavy Weather Hours Rest47’ 10 hrs 8 hrs 6 hrs 8 hrs25’ 8 hrs 6 hrs N/A 8 hrs

Heavy Weather

Heavy weather is defined as seas, swell, and wind conditions combining to exceed 8 feetand/or winds exceeding 30 knots. If heavy weather is forecasted, it should be consideredwhen planning a mission. Reliable and up to the minute information is critical for planning.

Any crew operating in heavy weather or surf must be properly equipped, as follows:• Required hypothermia protective clothing.• Helmet (helmet straps must be secured and adjusted properly).• Survival vest and equipment.• Waterproof footwear and gloves should be worn.• Eye protection may be necessary for visibility, particularly for persons wearing glasses,

and will also protect against glass shards should a window be broken.• Boat crew safety belt must be worn and adjusted correctly.• Personal seat belt must be worn when in a seat.• The coxswain is responsible for ensuring that all required equipment is worn, and worn

correctly.

Damage Control


Capsizing: Average underwater time is 8-12 seconds. When boat returns to surface, assess situation. Check status of crew, check for lines overboard, if engines work, move to safe water. During heavy weather crew will be strapped in.

25 Capsizing: Boat will float if capsized!Egress Procedures

Brace for impact Remain strapped in until motion has subsided Plan egress with crew

o Best swimmer first then the weakest swimmer

P-6 Dewatering Pump:

• Engine is 6.5 horsepower and pumps 250 gallons per minute with a 12 foot lift. The P-6 can run for 4-5 hours on a full tank of gas and can connect to either the fire fighting standpipe to suck water straight from the ocean or connect to the dewatering standpipe to suck water out of the engine room.

Bilge Pump System:

• 7 Bilge Pumps rated at 33 GPM. Bilge Alarm activates at 5”, Pumps activate at 10” until no load is detected by pumps. 25’ has hand bilge pump system with 24” hose under starboard aft seat next to the cabin dewatering pump.


- Swim clear and away- Muster account for missing- Remain upwind/up current- Attempt to climb on hull- Check injuries provide first aid- Inventory signaling equipment, PLB- Check for gas before lighting off pyro- Stay with the boat

StbdPort 47’ bilge alarm: - U/W: Intermittent 8 second horn blast- Moored: Continuous horn blast- Bilge pump panel located on aft

bulkhead in enclosed bridge25’ cabin dewatering pump:

- 1,100 gallons an hour- Activates at 2 1/8” - Turns off when no load is sensed by the

pump’s impeller- Discharge is located on the aft stbd

exterior cabin bulkhead, above the deck edge walkway

CO2 System: The carbon dioxide fire suppression system is used for fire fighting in the engine room only. The system is only to be used in emergency situations. All personnel must be evacuated from the compartment and all water tight doors sealed prior to activation of the system.

• Activation: The CO2 system can be activated from three locations on the 47’ MLB. Actuators (located in the enclosed bridge between the chairs and one on the aft bulkhead of the survivor’s compartment) punctures a nitrogen cylinder which charges the activation piping. This activation system releases a pressure switch on the control head of the CO2 storage containers releasing the CO2 into the piping. A third way to activate the system is by removing the locking pin and manually rotating the activation lever on the CO2 bottle control head.

Step Action1 The discharge manifold lines are charged to a pressure operated

siren and a pressure switch which energizes the pre-dischargewarning strobe light, the engine stop solenoids, and the red “CO2

Pre-discharge” light located on the CO2 system indicator panel inthe Survivors compartment. A separate line sends CO2 to awarning siren in the engine room.

2 Along a separate discharge line, the pressurized CO2 activates thetime delay cylinder mounted on the aft starboard bulkhead of theSurvivors compartment

3 The discharge delay cylinder delays release of CO2 into the engineroom compartment for 30 seconds. This delay allows time for thesiren and strobe to warn personnel to evacuate the compartment.If all personnel are accounted for, or for manual activation in theevent of malfunction, the delay cylinder may be overridden byrotating the manual control lever on the discharge delay cylinder

4 Once the discharge delay cylinder is activated, CO2 will be


Location

1. Forward Compartment

2. Aux Space

3. Port Reduction Gear

4. Stbd Reduction Gear

5. Fwd Engine Room

6. Aft Engine Room

7. Lazarette

Discharges

1. Starboard

2. Port

3. Port Side W/ Fwd Engine Room

4. Stbd Side W/ Aft Engine Room

5. Port

6. Stbd

released into the compartment. In addition, the discharged CO2

will pressure activate the engine room air damper and the red“CO2 Discharge” light located on the CO2 system indicator panel.

Fire Types

Fire Type Fuel Extinguishing AgentA Common Combustibles: Wood, paper, rubber, and

some plasticsH20, PKP

B Combustible Liquids: Petroleum products such as oil and gas, etc

AFFF (aqueous film forming foam), PKP, CO2

C Energized Electrical Circuits: Appliances, conductors, breakers, etc

CO2, PKP

D Combustible Metals: Magnesium, Titanium, Potassium, & Sodium

Sand (placed under metal), H20 (high intensity fog)

Kilo Fire Grease Fire AFFF, CO2

Emergency Signals

Emergency Signal Mirror:


Inland: 50 flashes of light per minute can signal distress

Pyro: Red Star ShellsRed Star Shells ParachuteDye MarkerSmokeFlames on a VesselGun at 1 min IntervalsFog Horn Continuous Sounding

Electronic:MaydayRadio Telegraph AlarmRadio Telephone AlarmSOSEPIRB

Visual:November/CharlieWaving ArmsSquare Flag & BallOrange Flag with Black Square and Ball

• The emergency signal mirror is a pocket sized mirror with a sighting hole in the center and a lanyard attached. The mirror is used to attract the attention of passing aircraft, boats, or ground rescue teams by reflecting light at them. Directions are printed on the back and the signal can be seen for a great distance.

Signal Whistle:• The whistle is a small, hand-held device that produces a loud sound when it is blown. The standard whistle is constructed of plastic and resembles a police officer’s

whistle. It can be heard up to 1100 yards away, good for use during heavy weather.

Illumination Signal Kit (MK-79):• A pyrotechnic illumination signal that contains seven screw-in cartridge flares and one pencil type

projector. Produces a red star display at an altitude of 250-650 ft for a minimum of 4.5 seconds at 12,000 candle power.

Distress Signal Light:• Lightweight battery operated strobe light. Flashes approximately 50 times a minute at 150,000

candle power. Battery can last 9 hours if used continuously, 18 if used intermittently.

Survival Knife:• Used to free crewmembers from entangled line. Tip is blunted to prevent personal injury or

damage to personal protective equipment.

Personal Locator Beacon (P-PIRB):• Capable of broadcasting a distress signal that can be received and tracked world-wide. Broadcasts

on both 406 MHz and 121.5 MHz, accurate within 3 nm. Lasts 24 hours, run by NOAA.

Parachute Illumination Signal (MK-127):• Nighttime illumination signal device. Reaches 650-700 ft in elevation producing a suspended

white star display that burns for about 36 seconds at 125,000 candle power and descends at a rate of 10-15 ft/second.

Marine Smoke and Illumination Signal (MK-124):• A pyrotechnic smoke and red flare illumination signal used during the day or night. Each end

burns for 20 seconds. The day end produces orange smoke whereas the night end produces a red flare and is identified by two raised metal bands around the circumference and three raised bumps that glow in the dark.

Item Description1 Emergency Signal Mirror2 Whistle3 Marine Smoke and Illumination Signal (MK-124)4 Illumination Signal Kit (MK-79)5 Distress Signal Light6 Survival Knife7 Personal Locator Beacon

Line Specifications


25’ RBS:• Anchor Line: 1 ½” DBN, 250 ft• Anchor Chain: ¼” PVC coated, 4 ft• Tow Line: 2 ¼” DBN, 300ft• Skiff Hook Line: 1 ½”, 9 ft• Mooring Lines: Either 2” or 2 ¼” DBN, 25 ft• Alongside Lines: Either 2” or 2 ¼” DBN, 35 ft

47’ MLB:• Anchor Line: 2 ¼” DBN, 300 ft • Anchor Chain: 3/8” stainless steel, 9 ft • Tow Line Upper Reel: 2 ¼” DBN, 300ft• Tow Line Lower Reel: 3 ¼” DBN, 900ft• Drouge/Grapnel Line: 2 ¼” DBN, 200ft• Skiff Hook Line: 2” DBN, 25ft• Heaving lines: minimum of 70ft, 2 each• Alongside Lines: 8 each, 4 smaller, 4 larger

47” through-hole fittings: “The slithering snake had every single rat”• Transducer (measures depth)• Speed Log• Sea-Chest Valve (sucks in raw water to cool engines)• H-Vac (air conditioning & heat)• Exhaust vents x 2• Shaft Strut Extensions x 2 (holds props out in water)- also the lowest part of the boat in the water• Rudder Posts x 2


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Boat Characteristics

Three Hull Types:1. Displacement Hull: Pushes away water allowing the hull to settle in the water. Underway, the hull

pushes water away creating waves. 2. Planning Hull: At rest the planning hull and displacement hull both displace water around them.

Once underway, the planning hull skims along the surface lifting the hull up and onto the surface of the water.

3. Semi-Displacement Hull: Has characteristics of both displacement and planning hulls. Up to a certain power and speed the hull remains in a displacement mode, but beyond a certain point the hull is raised to a partial plane.

Keel Types:1. Bar Keel: The bar keel is popular because of its stiffeners (vertical or upright members which

increase strength) which protect the boat’s hull plating if the boat grounds on a hard bottom. It also reduces rolling. However, the bar keep extends beneath the bottom of the boat, increasing the draft.

2. Flat Plate Keel: The flat plate keel has a plate that is perpendicular to the centerline of the hull. A vertical center keel that runs internal to the hill at the centerline typically supports the flat plate keel.

Radio Communication

CH (6) / 156.3 MHz SAR Ship – Ship CH (12) / 156.6 MHz Ship – ShipCH (13) / 156.65 MHz Bridge – BridgeCH (16) / 156.8 MHz International DistressCH (21) / 157.05 MHz Intra CG (Secondary)


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1-8-0

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2-2-5

3-1-5

1-3-5

0-4-5

CH (22A) / 157.1 MHz CG – NonCH (23A) / 157.15 MHz (Primary)CH (81) 157.075 MHzCH (83) 157.175 MHz

Stokes Litter

Who Has the Right of Way

“Only Non-rates Fool Senior People Sometimes”

1. Overtaking2. Not under command3. Restricted ability to maneuver4. Fishing5. Sailing vessel6. Power driven7. Sea plane

47’ Reduction GearThe 47FT MLB uses Reintjes WVS 234 UP Marine Reduction gears located in the Survivors compartment to port and starboard of the fuel tank between Frames 6 and 7. The gear is a “U” drive unit where the output and input flanges are on the same side of the gear and parallel. The reduction ratio is 2:1 in forward and reverse. The gear uses 7.1 gallons of 30-weight lubricating oil for clutch-apply pressure and lubrication. A temperature regulating valve and gear oil cooler maintain oil temperatures between 140-176°F.


1.) Gray2.) Blue3.) Red4. )Green5.) Black

47’ MLB Damage Control Kit


AOR Information

Buoys

1. Morse Alpha Buoysa. Montauk Point- “MP”b. Montauk- “M”c. North Channel- “N”d. South Channel- “S”e. Three Mile- “TM”f. Plum Island- “PI”

2. Buoy Descriptiona. Morse Alpha (white light flashes Morse Code for A-“ come home”) 1 + 1 = 1 short, 1

longi. red and white

ii. vertical stripediii. labeled with lettersiv. mark safe water


b. Nun Buoyi. Red- red right return

ii. Labeled with even numbersiii. Red Right Returning when coming from Seaiv. Indicate the right side of the channel

c. Can Buoysi. Green

ii. Labeled with odd numbersiii. Indicate left side of the channel

d. Junction Buoysi. Preferred channel buoys

ii. Green over Red or Red over Greeniii. Flash 2, pause, 1 (2+1)iv. 3 in our AOR

1. Sag Harbor (G/R/G), every 6 seconds2. Midway Shoals – by Plum Gut (G/R/G), every 6 seconds3. Shagwong Rock (G/R/G), every 6 seconds

e. Montauk Jettiesi. West Jetty: Red Triangle, 5 meters, #2, Flashes Red every 2.5 seconds, 36 ft tall

ii. East Jetty: Green Square, 4 meters, #1, Flashes Green ever 4 seconds, 33 ft tall

G ”9” – Marks Cerberus ShoalsFL G 4s Green can buoy #9 flashes green every 4 seconds

South Channel Buoy Sequence 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 13 (by lion head rock), 14 ( red nun- marks crow shoal)

Red Nun Green Can

What is the significance of Georgica Pond? Visual for marking the boarder of our AOR

Key operating areas for our AOR: Gardiners Island, Plum Island, and harbors Entrance to Three Mile Harbor Entrance to Sag Harbor South side of Montauk to Napeague Stretch Entrance to Greenport Harbor Approaches to New London and part of Long Island Sound

Light Houses:1. Long Beach Light House (Bug Light House)2. Montauk Point Light House3. Little Gull Light House4. Orient Point Light House5. Cedar Point Light House (Extinguished) – replaced by 3CI light (green)6. Plum Island Light House

What two buoys are north of Shagwong Point?1. SR Buoy ( Junction Buoy)2. 7SR Buoy (Can Buoy)

What is just North of Bostwick Point on Gardiners Island? The Ruins


What buoy is just north of the Ruins? 1GI Buoy

What is the Northern & Southern most point of Shelter Island? Hay Beach/ Mashomack Point

Commercial Assistance Companies

1. Douglas Marine (Moriches, Shinnecock, Orient) – 2 boats, Tows vessels up to 80 ft, Dewatering Pumps O/B, 1-3 Divers Available with 1 hour advance notice, Containment Boom Available.

2. Safe Sea (Block Island) 6 boats, Tows vessels up to 80 ft, Dewatering pumps O/B, DF Capabilities O/B, 3 divers available with 1 hour advance notice, containment boom available, 50 ton crane available 24 hours a day with notice.

3. Sea Tow Eastern Long Island (South Hold) 5 boats, Tows vessels up to 80 ft, dewatering pumps O/B, DF capabilities O/B only 1 boat, 3 divers available with 1 hour advance notice, containment boom available, 50 ton crane available 24 hours a day with notice.

4. Sea Tow Montauk (Summer Only) 1 boat

5. All Island Divers (Huntington) Hull maintenance, video damage, inspection, zinc and prop replacement, search and recovery.

Hospitals1. Greenport (Dock and Helo Pad)2. South Hampton (Helo Pad )

Hypobaric Chambers1. Stonybrook Hospital2. Gronton, CT3. Mt. Sinai,NY

Nearest Air Support Air Station Cape Cod-Jayhawk and Falcon Air Station Atlantic City- Dolphin and Jayhawk Air Station Elizabeth City- Dolphin, Jayhawk and C-130 Hercules

DF (Direction Finder) Direction Finder on 47279/47301

Reads in True Bearing Get a line of direction for EPIRB on Ch. 99 – Set Ch. Selector Knob to 121.5 Can get a line of direction for lost or disoriented boater on CH 16 or 22A – ask for either a short

count (1-5 and back to 1) or a long count (1-10 and back to 1) Check the signal for strength (2-4-6-8-10) 2 is weak, 10 is strong Request other stations to get a line of direction to narrow down the vessels position

Free Surface Effect: When a liquid can move freely within a space, such as gas moving in the gas taking of the 47’. Can affect the stability of a vessel.

Free/Open Communications with the Sea: When water can move freely in and out of a boat. Such as when there is a hole in the hull.


Pitch: The distance a boat travels through a semi-solid with one rotation of the blade.

Cavitation: Cavitation usually occurs when the propeller rotates at a very high speed and a partial vacuum forms air bubbles at the tips of the propeller blades. Cavitation occurs more often when trying to go in reverse, especial with outboard motors.

CG-P6 Dewatering Pump-250 gallons/minute-12ft suction lift-Under load this pump will dewater for 4-5 hours on a full tank of gas-6 ½ horsepower, 4-cycle gasoline engine -Uses a detachable portable fuel tank enabling rapid changing if needed

Helo-OpsItems to keep out:

- Life-rings with strobe- Rescue throw bags- Flags (optional)- Grounding wand and clip

Items to stow:- HF antenna (28’4”)- All boat covers

PPEs:- Helmet- Goggles- Line handling gloves- Rain Gear/Mustang/Drysuit- Type III- SAR Vest

AnchoringLength of line is determined by depth of water multiplied by

- 5 - Calm seas- 7 - Moderate seas- 10 - Heavy weather

When standing anchor watch:- “Anchors holding!”- Use clock “ 6 o’clock”- Strain: light, moderate, heavy- Anchor is “up and down”

When bringing anchor onboard:- Anchor is fouled: muddy, sand, seaweed, etc.- Anchor is shod: lines entangled in anchor

When throwing anchor over:- “Anchors away!”

TowingWhen standing tow watch:

- Use clock “6 o’clock!”- Strain: light, moderate, heavy- Vessel is: veering, yawing, in-step- Always alert coxswain as to how much line is out when working the bit- When making or breaking the bit, alert coxswain as to how many turns are on the bit


ConversionsSeconds to minutes- multiply by 6041* 39.10 = .10x60 = 6 = 41* 40’ 00” because you can only have 60 seconds in 1 minute41* 18.50 = .50x60 = 30 = 41* 18’ 30”Minutes to seconds- divide by 6041* 20’ 40”= 40/60 = .66 = 41* 20.6641* 51’ 30” = 30/60 = .5 = 41* 51.5

Knots

Bowline The bowline is a versatile knot and can be used anytime a temporary eye is needed in the endof a line. It also works for tying two lines securely together, though there are better knots forthis. An advantage of bowlines is that they do not slip or jam easily.

Clove Hitch A clove hitch is preferred for securing a heaving line to a towline. It is the best all-aroundknot for securing a line to a ring or spar. Correctly tied, a clove hitch will not jam or loosen.However, if it is not tied tight enough, it may work itself out. Reinforcing it with a half hitchwill prevent this from happening.

Slip Clove Hitch A slip clove hitch should be used in lieu of a clove hitch when a quick release is required. Itshould be tied in the same manner as the clove hitch but finish it with a bight to allow forquick release.

Double Becket Bend

Lines can be lengthened by bending one to another using a becket bend. It is the best knotfor connecting a line to an eye splice in another line. The double becket bend works for joining lines of unequal size.


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