file · web viewlatin for “against the man”: when a writer argues by...

AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION STYLE AND FORM VOCABULARY

WORD OR DEVICE

DEFINITION EXAMPLE POTENTIAL EFFECTS

PERSUASIVE DEVICES AND LOGICAL FALLACIES

AD HOMINEM Latin for “against the man”: when a writer argues by attacking his opponent personally instead of his arguments.

“Larry Flint is a pervert so anything he says has no credibility.”

To convinceTo encourage actionTo change mindsTo fool the unsuspectingTo appeal to emotions

AUTHORITY Also called “ethos.” When a writer uses the influence of an accepted authority to strengthen him argument.

“According to the Surgeon General . . .”


BACKING Another name for support or evidence used in an argument.

“We have offered the fingerprints, the DNA reports, the murder weapon . . .”

To convinceTo encourage actionsTo change mindsTo appeal to intellect

BEGGING THE QUESTION

Also called circular reasoning. When the believability of the evidence depends on the believability of the claim.

“The main reason George is so smart is that is intelligent.’


CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP

When a writer proves that one thing causes another as a part of his argument.

“The end of the instant replay rule was a direct result of the pressure of the networks.”

To convinceTo encourage actionTo change mindsTo appeal to emotions

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AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION STYLE AND FORM VOCABULARY

WORD OR DEVICE


INVECTIVE Abusive or denunciating language. “He’s a no-good, dirty, rotten, scoundrel.”


LOGIC When support for an argument is acceptable, believable, and consistent.

“I think therefore I am . . .” --Descartes


NON-SEQUITUR Latin for “it doesn’t follow.” A statement that is not logically connected to each other. In modern terms “random.”

“He can’t be president of the school; he’s not on the yearbook staff.”

To convinceTo fool the unsuspectingTo appeal to emotionsTo cover a weak case

OVER-SIMPLIFICATION

When a writer obscures or denies the complexity of an issue.

“It’s just that everybody’s jealous of Kobe’s fame.”

To convinceTo fool the unsuspectingTo divert attentionTo cover a weak case

POST HOC, ERGO PROPTER HOC

Latin for “after this therefore because of this.”When a writer implies that because something follows another it caused the other.

“Gangs have been increasing ever since the beginning of MTV.”


RED HERRING When a writer raises an irrelevant issue to draw attention from the real issue.

“And besides, nobody ever liked him in elementary school.”


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WORD OR DEVICE


GENERAL RHETORICAL/ANALYTICAL TERMS

ABSTRACT LANGAUGE

Language describing ideas and qualities as opposed to specific, observable people, places, or things.

“Love and hate battled in his mind as he pondered . . .”

To appeal to intellect/emotionsTo appeal to imaginationTo make a pointTo philosophize

AMBIGUITY An event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way.

“I don’t like biting dogs.” To appeal to intellect or confuseTo make a pointTo condense languageTo emphasize the paradox of a situation or life in general

ANECDOTE A brief recounting of a relevant story. These are usually inserted in larger pieces of literature.

“That reminds me of a time I . . .” To appeal to intellect and emotionsTo appeal to imagination.To clarify a pointTo emphasize a point

ANNOTATION Notes or comments included beside or below a piece of literature with explanatory material.

“This is a reference to Thor, the god of . . .”

To appeal to intellect/emotionsTo appeal to imaginationTo clarify a pointTo help the reader

BALANCE(FORM)

When both sides of a sentence are about the same length and importance.

“Wherever you go, that’s where you are.”

For balance or to equalize elementsFor comparisonFor rhythmFor memorability

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PEDANTIC A term used to describe literature that is “over-preachy” or “over-teachy.”

“And so you see that you should never lie because . . .”

For clarityTo appeal to traditional readersTo make a pointTo teach (children)Might lose some readers

PROSE As opposed to poetry, it is literature written in sentences and paragraphs.

Any novel, short, story, essay, biography, article, editorial . . .

For clarityTo appeal to traditional readersTo make a pointTo give detailsTo explain

SEMANTIC Having to do with semantics or the study of the meanings of words and the changing meaning of words.

A discussion of the many meanings and connotations of the word “spring.”

To understand the wide world of words!!!

THEME The major idea or ideas passed along by a piece of literature.

Modern man is out of touch with his natural origins and this results in his destruction of nature. “All Gold Canyon”

For appeal to intellect/emotionsTo be universalTo give literature importanceMemorability

UNITY A piece of literature is said to have unity if all its parts are related to once central idea or organizing principle.

The organizing factor in “All Gold Canyon” is a two-sided plot (nature with and without man). This comparison/contrast plan unifies the story.

For clarityTo make a pointTo help the readerTo give the experience powerBecause it’s just good writing.

ALLEGORY The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning.

A character personifies an abstraction of hope or freedom.

The allegorical meaning usually deals with moral truth or a generalization about human experience.

ALLITERATION The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words.

She sells seashells by the seashore.How much wood could a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood?

The repetition could reinforce meaning, unifying ideas, and/or supply a musical sound.

ALLUSION A direct or indirect reference to something, which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or

The great flood, referring to Noah and his ark.

Appeals to readers’ imagination and knowledge.

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work of art. Allusions can be historical, literary, religious, or mythical.

ANALOGY A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. An analogy can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with or point out its similarity to something more familiar.

Withdrawal of U.S. troops will become like salted peanuts to the American public; the more U.S. troops come home, the more will be demanded."- Henry Kissinger, Memo to President Richard Nixon, 10 September 1969.

Analogies can also make writing more vivid, imaginative, or intellectually engaging.

ANTECEDENT The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.

“This is the house that Jack built”House is the antecedent of “that”

Clarification and possible replacement.

APHORISM A terse statement of known authorship, which expresses a general truth or moral principle. If the authorship is unknown, the statement is generally considered a folk proverb.

“Fish and visitors smell in three days” –Benjamin Franklin

An aphorism can be a memorable summation of an author’s point

APOSTROPHE A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love.

“Milton, thou shouldst be living at this hour: England hath need of thee.”

The effect may add familiarity or emotional intensity.

ATMOSPHERE The prevailing emotion or emotional backdrop of a scene or descriptive passage (usually subtly and consciously created by the author)

“ . . . An occasional butterfly drifted in and out through the patches of light and shade. And from all about rose the low and sleepy of mountain bees feasting . . .”

Emotional appealDevelops themeAppeals to imaginationOften reflects on characterization

CHIASMUS(FORM)

Arrangement of repeated thought in the pattern:

XYYX

When I think about her, it makes me sad, and sometimes when I’m sad, I think about her.

For balance or comparison.To appeal to intellect.To appeal to the imagination.To emphasize the “big picture”.To emphasize the paradox of life.

COLLOQUIAL/COLLOQUIALISM

The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing. Colloquial expressions include local or regional dialects.

“You don't know about me without you have read a book by the name of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, but

Not generally accepted for formal writing, colloquialisms give a work a conversational,

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that ain't no matter."—Mark Twain in Huckleberry Finn

familiar tone.

CONCEIT An elaborate comparison usually in the forma of an extended metaphor or simile comparing things that are startlingly different.

The room was like a prison. The window was high in the wall and much too small. The bed was as hard as a cot and the walls were as bare as cold cinderblock.

To transmit ideas, pictures, and/or emotions.To appeal to the imagination/intellectTo condense language

CONNOTATION Everything a word implies (brings to mind) beyond its actual dictionary definition or definitions.

Mother: security, warmth, nurturing, protection, food, caring, love, sympathy . . .

To condense language and make it high-poweredFor emotional/imaginative appealTo get across ideasFor subtle implication

CONSONANCE The repetition of a consonant sound other than at the beginning of the words in a line or sentence.

“With swearwords and sneering and his tongue it was a’snarlin’.”--Bob Dylan

To emphasize words.To imitate sounds.For sound connotation.To sound good.

CUMULATIVE SENTENCE(FORM)

A sentence which begins with the main idea and then expands on that idea with a series of details/particulars. ALSO known as a loose sentence.

People do not like the cafeteria food so they waste it, throw it around and complain about it constantly.

For clarity and emphasis.To be logical or at least sound logical.To support a case.

DENOTATION The actual dictionary definition or definitions of a word.

Mother: a female parent. To transmit ideas, pictures, emotions.

DICTION An author’s choice of words based on denotation, connotation, and sound.

“So quietly did the little stream drip and ripple . . .”--“All Gold Canyon”

A wide variety of effects depending on the chosen word and specific situation.

DIDACTIC From the Greek, didactic literally means “teaching.”

John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress Didactic works have the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially the teaching of moral or ethical principles.

ELLIPSIS(FORM)

A sentence, which leaves out something in the second half, usually because it is understood.

I like red wine the best, but I sometimes drink white or rose.

For balance or to equalize elements.For emphasis.

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For rhyme (at end).For transition.

EUPHEMISM From the Greek for “good speech” euphemisms are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept.

“Earthly remains” instead of “corpse.”

“She passed away” instead of “she croaked.”

Euphemisms may be used to adhere to standards of social or political correctness to add humor or ironic understatement.

EXTENDED METAPHOR

A metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work.

“Huswifery” by Edward Taylor To appeal to the imagination.To make language or ideas vivid.

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning.

The hyperbole “He made my skin crawl.”

Meant to make language or ideas vivid or imaginative.

FIGURE OF SPEECH

A device used to produce figurative language.

Figure of speech include apostrophe, hyperbole, irony, metaphor, paradox, and simile

Meant to make language or ideas vivid or imaginative.

GENERIC CONVENTIONS

This term describes traditions for each genre.

To differentiate between an essay and journalistic writing or an autobiography and a political writing.

These conventions help to define each genre.

GENRE The major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature: prose, poetry, and drama.

Rachel Carson’s Silent SpringEmily Dickinson’s “Because I Could not Stop for Death”Arthur Miller’s The Crucible

To appeal to the intellect, emotions, and/or imagination.Memorability.

HOMILY This term literally means “sermon,” but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.

The parable of the prodigal son. Teaching or instruction.

HYPERBOLE A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement.

Here once the embattled farmers stood,And fired the shot heard round the world. ~ Ralph Waldo Emerson, (“The Concord Hymn”)

Hyperboles have a comic effect; however, a serious effect is also possible. Often hyperbole produces irony at the same time.

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IMAGERY On a physical level, imagery uses terms related to the five senses. On a broader and deeper level, however, one image can represent more than one thing.

A rose may present visual imagery while also representing the color in a woman’s cheeks.

Sensory details or figurative language can arouse emotion or represent abstractions.

INFERENCE/INFER

To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented.

Analysis and synthesis of information.

INVERSION(FORM)

A sentence that varies from the normal sentence pattern of noun-verb-compliment by putting a verb or modifier first.

Beautiful, vivacious, and attractive are the words the press most often use in their descriptions of her.

For rhythm,For emphasis.For rhyme (at end).For transition.

IRONY/IRONIC The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant. The difference between what appears to be and what actually is true. In general, there are three major types of irony used in language: (1) in verbal irony, the words literally state the opposite of the writer’s or speaker’s true meaning. (2) In situational irony, events turn out the opposite of what was expected. What the characters and readers think ought to happen is not what does happen. (3) In dramatic irony, facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work.

“The Gift of the Magi” by O’Henry. The wife sells her hair to buy her husband a watch fob, while the husband sells his watch fob to buy his wife a set of combs.

To transmit ideas, emotions.Surprise.To emphasize the irony of life.Emphasize a theme.

Irony is used for many reasons, but frequently, it’s used to create poignancy or humor.

LOOSE SENTENCE(FORM—SAME AS CUMULATIVE SENTENCE)

A type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses. If a period were played at the end of an independent clause, the clause would be a complete sentence.

The teacher considered him a good student, steady if not inspired, willing if not eager, responsive to instruction, and conscientious about his work.

A work containing many loose sentences often seems informal, relaxed, and conversational.

METAPHOR A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things of the substitution of one of the other,

Juliet is the sun. Metaphorical language makes writing more vivid, imaginative, thought provoking,

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suggesting some similarity. and meaningful.METONYMY Replacing a word with another word

related to it or describing it.Referring to the king by calling him “the crown.”

Condenses language.Emphasizes an aspect or aspects of a word’s connotation.Appeals to the imagination.Appeals to the intellect.

MOOD This term had two distinct technical meanings in English writing. The first meaning is grammatical and deals with verbal units and a speaker’s attitude. The indicative mood is used only for factual sentences. The subjunctive mood is used for a doubtful or conditional attitude. The imperative mood is literary, meaning the prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work. Setting, tone, and events can affect the mood.

Indicative mood” “Joe eats too quickly.”Subjunctive mood:“If I were you, I’d get another job.”Imperative mood:“Shut the door!”

Can distinguish meaning by the speaker/writer.Can create atmosphere in a text.

NARRATIVE The telling of a story or account of an event or series of events.

Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl To entertain.To appeal to imagination, emotions, intellect.

NEGATIVE-POSITIVE(FORM)

Another way of describing antithesis--when the writer employs two sentences of contrasting meanings in close proximity to one another. Whether they are words or phrases of the same sentence, an antithesis is used to create a stark contrast using two divergent elements that come together to create one uniform whole.

“Setting foot on the moon may have been one small step for man, but one giant leap for mankind.”

See antithesis

ONOMATOPOEIA A word which imitates the sound Crash, bang, boom Sensual appeal (sound)Places the reader in the scene.Emotional reaction.Sometimes results in a comic/humorous tone.

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OXYMORON To simultaneous words that seem to contradict each other, but which in some way, make sense (reveal truth).

Little giant Makes the reader stop and think.Used to emphasize a situation/theme.Possible humor.

PARADOX A statement or situation that seems to contradict itself, but in essence is true.

“Water water everywhere, but not a drop to drink.”

Makes the reader stop and think.Used to emphasize a situation/theme.Possible humor.Universal theme: life is a paradox

PARALLELISM(FORM)

Sentence construction that places in close proximity two or more sentence elements in equal grammatical constructions.

“I came, I saw, I conquered.’

--Julius Caesar

For balance or to equalize elements.For comparison.For rhythm.For memorability.

PARODY A conscious imitation of a piece of literature usually in order to ridicule it or to exaggerate some aspect of it.

SNL skitsVampires Suck, Scary Movie, Epic Movie, etc.

To make fun of the original.To criticize specific tendencies/attitudes in the original.Just for fun.

PATHOS A conscious appeal by an author for the pity of the reader (toward the character or humans in general).

The final scene in Of Mice and Men when George has Lenny tell him about he rabbits as he prepares to kill him.

Emotional appeal.Develops theme.MemorabilityAdds power and universality to the literature.

PEDANTIC A term used to describe literature that is “over-preachy” or “over-teachy.”

“And so you see that you should never lie because . . .”

For clarityTo appeal to traditional readersTo make a point

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To teach (children)Might lose some readers

PERIODIC SENTENCE(FORM)

A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. This independent clause is preceded by a phrase or clause that cannot stand alone.

John, the tough one, the sullen kid who scoffed at any show of sentiment, gave his mother flowers.

The effect of a periodic sentence is to add emphasis and structural variety.

PERSONIFICAT-ION

A figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions.

The wind howled all through the night.

Personification is used to make these abstractions, animals, or objects appear more vivid to the readers.

POINT OF VIEW In literature, the perspective from which the story is told. There are two general divisions of point of view and many subdivisions within those. (1) The first person narrator tells the story with the first person pronoun, “I,” and is a character in the story. The narrator can be the protagonist, a participant (a character in a secondary role), or an observer (a character who merely watches the action). (2) The third person narrator relates the events with third person pronouns, “he,” “she,” and “it.” There are two main subdivisions to be aware of: omniscient and limited omniscient. In the “third person omniscient” point of view, the narrator, with godlike knowledge, presents the thoughts and actions of any or all characters. This all-knowing narrator can reveal what each character feels and thinks at any given moment. The “third person limited omniscient” point of view, as its name implies, presents the feelings and thoughts of only one character, presenting only the actions of all remaining

To interest the reader.To appeal to the reader’s emotions and intellect.

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characters.PREDICATE ADJECTIVE(FORM)

One type of subject complement—an adjective, group of adjectives, or adjective clause that follows a linking verb. It is in the predicate of the sentence, and modifies, or describes, the subject.

“My boyfriend is tall, dark, and handsome” Predicate adjectives (tall, dark, and handsome) describes boyfriend.

For balance or to equalize elements.For rhythm.For memorability.

PREDICATE NOMINATIVE(FORM)

A second type of subject compliment—a noun, group of nouns or a noun clause that renames the subject. It’s like the predicate adjective, follows a linking verb and is located in the predicate of this sentence.

“Abe Lincoln was a man of integrity.” The predicate nominative is the “man of integrity,

To clarify.

PROSE As opposed to poetry, it is literature written in sentences and paragraphs.

Any novel, short, story, essay, biography, article, editorial . . .

For clarityTo appeal to traditional readersTo make a pointTo give detailsTo explain

REPETITION(CAN BE FORM)

The duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical patter.

“ . . . How the danger sinks and swells,By the sinking or the swelling in the anger of the bellsOf the bellsOf the bells, bells, bells, bells,Bells, bells, bellsIn the clamor and the clangor of the bells!”“The Bells” by Edgar Allan Poe

When repetition is well done, it links and emphasizes ideas while allowing the reader the comfort of recognizing something familiar.

RHETORIC From the Greek for “orator,” this term describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively.

Effective, clear, memorable language.

RHETORICAL MODES

This flexible term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing. The four most common

Effects vary based on mode used and purpose.

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rhetorical modes and their purposes are as follows: (1) the purpose of exposition is to explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion. (2) The purpose of argumentation is to prove the validity of an idea, or point of view, by presenting sound reasoning, discussion, and argument that thoroughly convince the reader. Persuasive writing is a type of argumentation having an additional aim of urging some form of action. (3) The purpose of description is to recreate, invent, or visually present a person place, event, or action so that the reader can picture that being described. Descriptive writing may be straightforward and objective or highly emotional and subjective. (4) The purpose of narration is to tell as story or narrate a series of events. This writing mode frequently uses the tools of descriptive writing.

SARCASM From the Greek meaning “to tear flesh,” sarcasm involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something.

In Exodus 14:11, asked of Moses who was leading the Israelites from Egypt:

"Was there a lack of graves in Egypt, that you took us away to die in the wilderness?"

When done well, sarcasm can be witty and insightful.

SATIRE A work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule. Regardless of whether or not the work aims to reform humans or

Satire can be thought provoking and insightful about the human condition.

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their society, satire is best seen as a style of writing rather than a purpose of writing.

SEMANTIC Having to do with semantics or the study of the meanings of words and the changing meaning of words.

A discussion of the many meanings and connotations of the word “spring.”

To understand the wide world of words!!!

SIMILE A direct comparison using the words like or as or another directly comparative word (than resembles, seems, etc.).

He ran like the wind. To transmit ideas, pictures, and/or emotions.To appeal to the imagination/intellect.To condense language.

SITUATIONAL IRONY

When the opposite of what you expect (or have led to expect) happens in a piece of literature.

The deaths of Romeo and Juliet. To transmit ideas and emotions.Surprise

STYLE The consideration of style has two purposes. (1) An evaluation of the sum of the choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices. (2) Classification of authors to a group and comparison of an author to similar authors.

SUBJECT COMPLEMENT

The word (with any accompanying phrases) or clause that follows a linking verb and complements, or completes the subject of the sentence by either (1) renaming it or (2) describing it.

SUBORDINATE CLAUSE(FORM)

Like all clauses, this word group contains both a subject and a verb (plus any accompanying phrases or modifiers), but unlike the independent clause, the subordinate clause cannot stand alone; it does not express a complete thought. Also called a dependent clause, the subordinate clause depends on a main clause, sometimes called an independent clause, to complete its meaning.

Clauses that begin with terms like although, because, unless, if, even, though, since, as soon as, while, who, when, where, how, and that.

Modifies another clause and completes meaning.

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SYLLOGISM(FORM)

From the Greek meaning “reckoning together,” a syllogism (or syllogistic reasoning) is a deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises (the first called “major” and the second called “minor”) that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion. A syllogism’s conclusion is valid only if each of the two premises is valid.

Major: All men are mortal.Minor: Socrates is a man.Conclusion: Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

AIDS argumentationSimplifies the deduction of logic.

SYMBOL A person, place, thing, or event that represents much more than what it literally is.

The river in Huck Finn. To appeal to the imagination, emotions, intellect.To condense language.

SYNECDOCHE Replacing something with a part of something.

He drove a fine set of wheels. To emphasize the part.To make a statement about the whole.To condense language.To appeal to the imagination.

SYNTAX(FORM)

An author’s chosen word order in a specific situation.

Beautiful, vivacious, and attractive are the words the press most often use in their descriptions of her.

Various effects depending on the choice of syntax, such as emphasis, balance, composition, memorability, rhythm, juxtaposition.

THEME The major idea or ideas passed along by a piece of literature.

Modern man is out of touch with his natural origins and this results in his destruction of nature. “All Gold Canyon”

For appeal to intellect/emotionsTo be universalTo give literature importanceMemorability

THESIS(FORM)

In expository writing, the thesis statement is the sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author’s opinion, purpose, meaning, or proposition.

Clear understanding of the author’s position.Basis for ideas.Roadmap for organization.

TONE An author’s attitude toward his writing, his characters, or his subject.

An author might write in a condescending or self-assured tone.

To appeal to the readers’ intellect and emotions.To emphasize theme/ideasTo interest the reader.

TRANSITION A word or phrase that links different ideas. Nevertheless, for example, in Aids reader in knowing a shift 15

Used especially, although not exclusively, in expository and argumentative writing, transitions effectively signal a shift from one ideas to another.

addition, likewise, and similarly. in ideas is coming.

UNDERSTATE-MENT

The ironic minimalizing of fact, understatement presents something as less significant than it is.

“It isn’t very serious. I have this tiny tumor in my brain.” – TheCatcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger

The effect frequently can be humorous and emphatic.

UNITY(CAN BE FORM)

A piece of literature is said to have unity if all its parts are related to once central idea or organizing principle.

The organizing factor in “All Gold Canyon” is a two-sided plot (nature with and without man). This comparison/contrast plan unifies the story.

For clarityTo make a pointTo help the readerTo give the experience powerBecause it’s just good writing

WIT In modern usage, intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights. A witty statement is humorous, while suggesting the speaker’s verbal power in creating ingenious and perceptive remarks. Wit usually uses terse language that makes a pointed statement.

“A man's face is his autobiography. A woman's face is her work of fiction.”

--Oscar Wilde

Appeal to humor.Appeal to intellect.Memorability.

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AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION: QUIZ VOCABULARY LISTS

Quiz 1

Ad HominemAllegoryAmbiguityAnalogyApostropheAtmosphereBalanceBegging the QuestionChiasmusConsonanceEuphemismFigure of SpeechHomilyInference/InferInversionLogicMetaphorMetonymyParadoxPeriodic SentencePost Hoc, Ergo Propter HocPredicate AdjectiveRhetoricSatireSemanticSimileSubordinate ClauseSynecdocheTransition

Quiz 2

AlliterationAnecdoteAntecedentAuthorityCausal RelationshipColloquial/ColloquialismConceitCumulativeDenotationExtended MetaphorGeneric ConventionsHyperboleIrony/IronicMoodNegative-positive/AntithesisNon-sequitorOnomatopoeiaParodyPedanticPersonificationPredicate NominativeRed HerringRhetorical ModesSituational IronyStyleSyllogismSyntaxThemeUnderstatementQuiz 3

Abstract languageAllusionAnnotationAphorismBackingConnotationDictionDidacticEllipsisFigurative LanguageGenreImageryInvectiveLoose SentenceOversimplificationOxymoronNarrativeParallelismPathosPoint of ViewProseRepetitionSarcasmSubject ComplementSymbolThesisToneUnityWit

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file · web viewlatin for “against the man”: when a writer argues by...

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