Name: _______________________________________________________Chemistry Chapter 1Investigating the Properties of Matter

1.1 Chemicals All Around Us

What is a chemical? Give some examples.

You use chemicals every day without even realizing it! Certain chemicals that we use can be dangerous if not handled properly.

What you will learn….

- How to interpret safety information at work and at home

- Why it is dangerous to mix common household substances

- What all matter has in common

- How to identify the three states of matter

- What the differences are between a chemical and a physical property

- How to tell the difference between a pure substance and a mixture

Common Household Chemicals

Chemical Common Uses Dangers

ammonia Ingredient in many household cleaners

• Can burn skin and other body tissues• Releases toxic gas when mixed with chlorine• Toxic, an irritant when inhaled

benzene Present in gasoline, synthetic rubber, inks and paints

• Can cause cancer

Chlorine Sold as ingredient in many household cleaners and as household bleach

• Burns skin and other body tissues• Releases toxic chlorine gas when mixed with acids (ex: vinegar)• Forms deadly gas when mixed with bases (ex: ammonia)• Toxic, an irritant when inhaled

Lye Ingredient in drain and oven cleaners

• Burns body tissues on contact• Can irritate lung tissue• Inhibits reflexes

Methane (natural gas)

Fuel used for heating, cooking and transportation

• Explosive• Fumes can cause suffocation

Toluene Common ingredient in nail polish and some glues

• Breathing fumes can cause light-headedness and confusion• Can cause permanent brain damage• Toxic• flammable

Chemical Safety Storing and disposing of chemicals must be done in a safe manner. Would

you keep propane next to the fireplace?

Many products have disposal and safety instructions on their labels, and many communities offer collection sites for the disposal of dangerous chemicals.

Chemicals at Work and School

Workplace ________________________ Materials Information System (WHMIS) Provides the following information:

o How to store chemicalso How to handle chemicalso How to dispose of chemicals

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS)

Contains ________________ symbols to help warn and protect people who use hazardous materials at work

Always follow instructions carefully on the handling and disposing of all chemicals.

WHMIS Symbols

Safety ____________ Sheets (SDS) All manufacturers of hazardous products are required to provide information

about their products

Identifies chemical and physical hazards of each substance

Includes _____________________ data: melting/boiling points, toxicity, health

effects, first aid and cleanup procedures

Hazardous _________________________ Product Symbols (HHPS) Many household materials will have these labels

Indicates both the degree of the hazard and the type of hazard

Degree is indicated by the shape and __________________ of the border

o Yellow triangle: __________________________

o Orange Diamond: __________________________

o Red Octagon: __________________________

What are some dangers of mixing chemicals? If you don’t know what you’re doing, mixing chemicals could produce

poisonous gases, corrosive liquids or _____________________.

1. Briefly explain what kind of hazard each of the following words describes.

poisonous

flammable

explosive

reactive

corrosive

2. In the space provided, draw the standard WHMIS symbol for each of the following.

Corrosive MaterialFlammable and

Combustible Material Compressed Gas

3. Choose two WHMIS symbols not used in question #2. Describe some precautions youwould take when handling products labeled with each symbol.

WHMIS Symbol Meaning Precautions(a)

(b)

Describing MatterProperties and Classification of MatterWhat is matter?

You are surrounded by it and made up of it!

Anything that has _________________ and takes up space is called matter.

The particle theory of matter All matter is made up of tiny

_________________________(called “atoms”)

All particles in a pure substance are the same.

There are _________________ between particles.

Particles are always moving. As particles gain energy,

they move faster.

The particles in a substance are _______________________ to each other.

Classifying Matter According to State

Solid or liquid?At your table, mix 200mL of water and 300ml of cornstarch.

Use your hands to work out all the lumps. What happens if you rest your finger on the surface of the mixture?

Is this a solid or a liquid?

What is happening?The cornstarch is made up of long chains of atoms - a polymer. These chains can

move past each other, but they take some time to do this. If you pour it slowly, it can flow like a liquid. If you try to force things and make the chains slide more quickly than they want to, they get entangled - and the mixture gets firmer. So if you push hard on it, it acts more like a solid.

States of Matter:

Solid

particles are tightly

packed together and

cannot move very

much; a solid will

keep its

________________and

volume

Liquid

particles are touching,

but can move past each

other; liquids keep

their

___________________and

take the shape of the

container in which

they are stored

Gas

particles are far apart

and moving

__________________.

Particles will keep

moving away from

each other until they

are stopped by the

walls of a container

Properties of Matter:- There are both physical and chemical properties of all matter.

o These are just ways of describing something.

Physical Property- Shape- Color- What state it is in at room

temperature- Freezing temperature- Boiling point- How it feels- How hard it is- How it smells- If it is magnetic- How well it conducts electricity- How flexible it is- How dense it is

Chemical Property- If there is a change in smell,

color or temperature- How easily it catches fire and

burns- How it reacts with other

substances- Whether it appears that new

substances have been produced.

Classifying Matter- Matter can either be a ________________________ or a _____________________________

Pure Substance- Made of only one type of

particle- All parts are identical

Examples:- Water- Baking Soda

Mixtures- Made of many types of particles- Sometimes you can see the

different parts with your only your eyes, other time you may need a microscope.

Examples:

- Sugar- Salt

- Toothpaste- Salsa- Granola Bars- Perfume