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GREEK VERB REFERENCE TABLES
by Graham G Thomason
Greek Verb Reference Tables
by Graham G Thomason
Copyright © Graham G Thomason, 2009.Permission is granted to copy or publish this document for non-commercial use, provided this
complete notice is included. The document can be found at www.FarAboveAll.com
Version 1.09Revised 19 May, 2018.
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3
Contents
1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................12 General Vowel Length and Accent Rules.............................................................................................23 Length Rules Applying to Verbs in General.........................................................................................34 Length Rules Applying to Participles in General..................................................................................35 Accent Rules Applying to Verbs (including Participles) in General....................................................46 Alternative Forms of Verbs...................................................................................................................57 Paradigm of the Greek Verb in English................................................................................................68 Accentuation of the Regular Verb.........................................................................................................89 Accentuation of the Participles of the Regular Verb.............................................................................910 Regular Verb lu</w, to loosen.......................................................................................................1011 Regular Compound Verb a)polu</w, to dismiss - nonrecessive (¡) & recessive (¦) forms.........1212 Regular Verb lu</w - Classical forms with Dual..........................................................................1413 Participle of the Regular Verb: lu</wn.........................................................................................1614 Participle of the Regular Verb lu</w with Dual............................................................................1815 Verb e1xw, to have........................................................................................................................2016 Compound of e1xw: pare/xw, to provide...................................................................................2217 Contracting Verbs: ti<ma&w poie/w dhlo/w za&w xra&omai ple/w de/omai...........2418 Aorists of liquid stems: a)gge/llw, to report, and ai1rw, to lift.................................................3119 Strong Aorist and Attic Future: ba&llw, to throw and e0lau/nw, to drive................................3220 Root Aorists: bai/nw gi<nw&skw bio/w du</nw didra&skw a(li/skomai..................3421 Perfect and Pluperfect Passive: fula&ttw kru/ptw pei/qw kri</nw fai/nw ste/llw
3722 Verb oi]da [Doric i1shmi], to know............................................................................................4023 Notes on -mi verbs..........................................................................................................................4224 Verbs ei0mi/ pa&reimi ei]mi a!peimi...................................................................................4625 Verbs fhmi/ ka&qhmai kei=mai du/namai pri/amai.......................................................4726 Future of Verbs ei0mi/ ei]mi.......................................................................................................4827 Verb di/dwmi, to give...................................................................................................................5028 Verb ti/qhmi, to put.......................................................................................................................5229 Verb i3sthmi, to stand..................................................................................................................5430 Compound Verb of i3sthmi (+di/dwmi, ti/qhmi): a)fi/sthmi, to stand away......................5631 Verb i<3hmi, to send....................................................................................................................6032 Compound of i<3hmi: a)fi</hmi, to leave................................................................................6233 Verb dei/knu<mi, to show..........................................................................................................6434 Verb a)po/llu<mi, to destroy / waste..........................................................................................6635 Difficult Verbs.................................................................................................................................7036 Verb List..........................................................................................................................................7137 Index................................................................................................................................................8538 Abbreviations and References.........................................................................................................87
4
1 Introduction
This book is a work of reference. It is intended to accompany or supplement course material; it is not a substitute for a course-book. It has been written mainly from a Koiné / New Testament Greek standpoint, but many classical forms are given too.
Some features: Verbs are normally presented on a double page in a uniform layout; this provides a good
overview. Use is made of shading and special symbols to draw the student's attention to certain forms. In
particular we emphasize in this way identical and similar forms (those forms which differ only in accentuation). Other paradigms use shading and symbols to draw attention to non-recessive accentuation.
The length of the vowels a i and u is marked. Knowledge of vowel lengths is virtually a pre-requisite to an appreciation of the accentuation rules. In the paradigms, long vowels are always marked by a macron: a> i< u<. Occasionally a breve will be used to emphasize a short vowel: a` i^ u^ .
Paradigms are given for compound verbs. The usefulness of this is explained below.
The usual regular verb given in paradigms is lu</w. But given a paradigm of this verb, the student is not able to deduce the conjugation of other regular verbs. For example, consider the following forms:- Present Imperative Active 2 Singular: lu<=e- Present Participle Active Nominative Singular Neuter: lu<=on- Aorist Participle Active Nominative Singular Neuter: lu<=san What are these forms for the compound verb a)polu</w? They cannot be deduced from the paradigm of lu</w. The imperative is recessive, but the participles are not: a)po/lu<e, a)polu<=on, a)polu<=san. Our compound verb paradigms show the correct accentuation.
This book assumes a basic knowledge of the verb structure, though the outline paradigm is also given in English. In all the paradigms, the detail of which forms are 1st 2nd 3rd person, singular and plural is omitted, so as to leave as much space as possible for real content. The arrangement of the present and imperfect tenses in one column is space-efficient but it assumes an understanding of the underlying present-tense force of the subjunctive, optative, imperative, participle and infinitive in the same column.
1
2 General Vowel Length and Accent Rules
Vowel length in general, General accent rule
Refer to the companion book on Greek Orthography (expected publication in 2009).
Recessive accent
The accent of a word is said to be recessive if it is as far back (i.e. as far from the ultimate) as possible. The following patterns are recessive: «/««^ ««/«< (and other shorter forms, e.g. «<=«^).If the accent is not recessive, it is simply called nonrecessive.
In the paradigms, forms may be marked as follows: nonrecessive forms are marked with an ¡. The form itself will show whether the accent is on the
ultimate or penultimate. recessive forms are marked with an ¦. This symbol is employed in particular in compound verbs
where the recessiveness of the form is not deducible from the paradigm of the simplex. It is also used to draw attention to a difficult recessive form (e.g. optatives such as a)polu</saij).
nonrecessive forms because of contraction are marked with a ¤. This applies to Attic future paradigm. If the contraction is of an early phase in the development of the language, the nonrecessive form may be marked ¡, as in a)fistw~ ¨¢a)fista&w or a)fiste/w©.
The paradigms of simplex forms are generally kept free of these symbols.
2
3 Length Rules Applying to Verbs in General
Length of oi and ai oi and ai as endings are short (so ai in lu</omai and oi in lu<o/menoi are short). This does
not apply to the endings containing oi and ai, such as -oij and -aij, which are always long. Exception (1): oi and ai as optative endings are long, e.g. lu</oi [Present optative active, 3
singular], lu</sai [Aorist optative active, 2 singular]. Exception (2): oi as the result of contraction is long (e.g. dhloi=)
Length of final i it is short: lu</ousi^¨n©, lu</wsi^¨n©, lu^qw~si^¨n© lelu^/ka>si^¨n© etc.
Length of a in the weak aorist indicative active it is short: e1lu<sa` e1lu<sa`j etc.
Length of a in the perfect indicative active it is short except in the 3pl form: le/lu^ka` le/lu^ka`j ... lelu^/ka>si^¨n©
4 Length Rules Applying to Participles in General
Length of vowels in 1st declension endings Nominative feminine singular of 1st/3rd decl. participles and adjectives has a short a` :
lu</ousa` Accusative feminine singular of 1st/3rd decl. participles and adjectives has a short a` :
lu</ousa`n Genitive feminine singular has a long a> : lelu^kui/a>j Nominative feminine plural has ai counting as short: lu<o/menai Accusative feminine plural has a long a> : lu<ou/sa>j
Length of vowels in 2nd declension endings Nominative masculine plural has oi counting as short: lu<o/menoi
Length of vowels in 3rd declension endings Accusative masculine singular has a short a` : lu</onta` Dative masculine/neuter singular has a short i^: lu</onti^ Accusative masculine plural has a short a` : lu</onta`j Nominative/Accusative neuter plural has a short a` : lu</onta` Dative masculine/neuter plural has a short i^: lu</ousi^¨n©
Length of vowels in DUAL: 1st declension endings Nominative/Accusative feminine dual has a long a> : lu<ou/sa>
3
5 Accent Rules Applying to Verbs (including Participles) in General
In all compound verbs, the accent cannot go further back than the augment:u9pa&gw£u9ph=gon [Jn 6:21] lead under, go, be bound fora)pe/rxomai£a)ph=lqon [Jn 6:22] go awaysuni</hmi£sunh=ke [2S 12:19] understand
In all compound verbs, the accent cannot go further back than the second syllable of a disyllabic prefix:e0piti/qhmi£e0pi/qej [Gn 48:18] lay uponpare/xw£para&sxej provide
The accent is recessive except where noted as being otherwise.
Many forms are always nonrecessive:- The Perfect Infinitive Active has an acute on the penultimate: leluke/nai, dedwke/nai- The Perfect Infinitive Passive has an acute on the penultimate: lelu/sqai, dedo/sqai- The Aorist Infinitive Passive has a circumflex on the penultimate: luqh=nai, doqh=nai- The Aorist Subjunctive Passive is nonrecessive: luqw~, doqw~- The Aorist Participle Passive is nonrecessive: luqei/j, doqei/j- The Perfect Participle Active is nonrecessive: lelukw&j, dedwkw&j- The Perfect Participle Passive is nonrecessive: lelume/noj, dedome/noj- The Future Participle Active Neuter Singular Nom/Acc is nonrecessive: a)polu<=son,
a)podw~son
Other rules will be noted according to the conjugation (regular, strong aorist, du/namai, -mi verb etc).
4
6 Alternative Forms of Verbs
Rather than to indicate the alternative forms on every occasion, the symbols ¿ (Pluperfect) and ¾ (Optative) may be used to draw attention to the alternative forms.
The Pluperfect Indicative Active has a Koiné and Classical form as follows:
Koiné Classicale0lelu/kein
¿e0lelu/kh
e0lelu/keij ¿ e0lelu/khje0lelu/kei
¿e0lelu/kei¨n©
e0lelu/keimen¿
e0lelu/kemen
e0lelu/keite¿
e0lelu/kete
e0lelu/keisan¿
e0lelu/kesan
Optatives (various Active and Aorist Passive forms) have alternative forms as follows:
Form-1 Form-2 Form-1 Form-2lu</saimi - luqei/hn -lu</seiaj
¾lu/<saij luqei/hj -
lu</seie¨n© ¾
lu</sai luqei/h -
lu</saimen - luqei=men luqei/hmenlu</saite - luqei=te luqei/htelu</seian
¾lu/<saien luqei=en luqei/hsan
Form-1 Form-2 Form-1 Form-2 Form-1 Form-2qei/hn - doi/hn - stai/hn -qei/hj - doi/hj - stai/hj -qei/h - doi/h - stai/h -qei=men
¾qei/hmen doi=men
¾doi/hmen stai=men
¾stai/hmen
qei=te ¾ qei/hte doi=te ¾ doi/hte stai=te¾
stai/hte
qei=en¾
qei/hsan doi=en¾
doi/hsan stai=en¾
stai/hen
The alternative 3Pl Present Optatives of ei0mi/ are:
ei]en ei]san ei1hsan
5
7 Paradigm of the Greek Verb in EnglishPresent / Imperfect Aorist
active middle passive active middle passivecontinually on an occasion
Indi
cativ
e
I loosenyou loosenhe loosenswe loosenyou loosenthey loosen
I loosen for myselfetc.
I am being loosened
I was loosening I was loosening for myself
I was being loosened
I loosened I loosened for myself
I was loosened
Subj
unct
ive that I may loosen that I may
loosen for myself
that I may be loosened
that I may loosen
that I may loosen for myself
that I may be loosened
Opt
ativ
e
that I might loosen
that I might loosen for myself
that I might be loosened
that I might loosen
that I might loosen for myself
that I might be loosened
Impe
rativ
e loosen (singular)he must loosenloosen (plural)they must loosen
loosen for yourself
be loosened loosen loosen for yourself
be loosened
Parti
cipl
e
loosening loosening for oneself
being loosened
having loosened
orloosening
having loosened for oneselforloosening for oneself
having been loosened
orbeing loosened
Inf to loosen to loosen for oneself
to be loosened
to loosen to loosen for oneself
to be loosened
Preferred abbreviations:
1P First Person S Singular Pr Present In Indicative Ac Active2P Second Person P Plural Im Imperfect Sj Subjunctive Md Middle3P Third Person Ao Aorist Op Optative Pa Passive
Pf Perfect Iv ImperativePp Pluperfect Pc ParticipleFu Future If Infinitive
6
Perfect / Pluperfect Futureactive middle passive active middle passive
Indi
cativ
e
I have loosened
I have loosened for myself
I have been loosened
I will loosen I will loosen for myself
I will be loosened
I had loosened
I had loosened for myself
I had been loosened
Subj
unct
ive that I may
have loosened
that I may have loosened for myself
that I may have been loosened
Opt
ativ
e
that I might have loosened
that I might have loosened for myself
that I might have been loosened
that I would loosen
that I would loosen for myself
that I would be loosened
Impe
rativ
e
see to it that you have loosened
see to it that you have loosened for yourself
see to it that you have been loosened
Parti
cipl
e
(in a state of) having loosened
(in a state of) having loosenedfor oneself
having been loosened
being about to loosen
being about to loosen for oneself
being about to be loosened
Inf to have loosened
to have loosened for oneself
to have been loosened
to be about to loosen
to be about to loosen for oneself
to be about to be loosened
Preferred abbreviations for the cases (applies to participles):
Nm NominativeVc VocativeAc AccusativeGn GenitiveDt Dative
7
8 Accentuation of the Regular Verb
The “length rules for verbs in general” apply.
The accent is recessive (but there are many exceptions). This applies to some forms where it cannot be predicted from the paradigm of lu</w.- Present Imperative Active 2Sg lu<=e, di/wke [1T 6:11].- Aorist Imperative Active 2Sg lu<=son, e1kkoyon [Mt 5:30], poi/hson [Mt 8:9].The Present Infinitive in all voices has a recessive accent (lu</ein, lu</esqai), but this is not the case for many irregular verbs (e.g. i3sthmi £ i9sta&nai)
The Weak Aorist Infinitive Active is accented on the penultimate. This cannot be predicted from
the paradigm (lu<=sai).The penultimate will take a circumflex or acute depending on whether it is long or short. Examples:
a)polu</w £ a)plu<=sai [Mt 1:19] divorce, let godida&skw £ dida`&cai [Ac 11:16] teacha)naka&mptw £ a)naka`&myai [Mt 2:12] returnbasta&zw £ basta`&sai [Mt 3:11] carryqerapeu/w £ qerapeu=sai [Mt 17:16] healkhru/ssw £ khru^/cai [Ac 10:42] proclaim, preachkla&w £ kla`&sai [Ac 20:7] breakkaqi/zw £ kaqi^/sai [Mt 20:23] sit (but Homer has kaqi<=zon for e0ka&qizon [TY
p225 #4 l2])
Note that the accent can distinguish between the following forms:- Aorist Infinitive Active (a)polu<=sai, paideu=sai)- Aorist Middle Imperative 2 Singular (a)po/lu<sai, pai/deusai)- Aorist Active Optative 2 Singular (a)polu</sai, paideu/sai)
Compare also- Future Participle Active Neuter Nom/Acc Singular a)polu<=son - Aorist Imperative Active 2 Singular a)po/lu<son
As in all verbs The Perfect Infinitive Active & Passive have an acute on the penultimate: leluke/nai lelu/sqai The Aorist Infinitive Passive has a circumflex on the penultimate: luqh=nai The Aorist Subjunctive Passive is nonrecessive (luqw~, luqh=|j etc.) Many participle forms are nonrecessive - see separate section
The accent cannot go further back than the augment: u9pa&gw£u9ph=gon [Jn 6:21]. The accent cannot go further back than the second syllable of a disyllabic prefix - but no example
of lu</w type verb possible
Stem of verb lu</w lu<- in Present, Aorist Active, Aorist Middle, Future Active, Future Middlelu^- in Perfect, Aorist Passive, Future Passive
(but Aeschylus has de/du<ke in Iambic Trimeter [TY p187 #12 l12])
8
9 Accentuation of the Participles of the Regular Verb The “length rules for participles in general” apply.
The length of the ending of the Aorist Active Participle is: lu</sa>j lu</sa>sa` lu<=sa`n.
The accentuation of the participle is recessive except for the many cases given below.
The Present/Future Participle Active Neuter Singular Nom/Acc is nonrecessive: eu9ri/skon [Lk 11:24]. (Also reveals i^).The nonrecessiveness of this participle is also revealed by the contracted verbs, e.g. ti<ma&on→ti<mw~n.
The Aorist Participle Active Neuter Singular Nom/Acc is nonrecessive a)polu<=sa`n (cf Lk 9:17 perisseu=san; Ac 26:13 perila&myan).In declined forms this participle is recessive (e.g. lu</santa`j)This declension is often given as being as for pa>~j, but that doesn't tell us how recessive the accent is (e.g. Acc.Masc.Pl pa&nta`j).
The Aorist Participle Passive is nonrecessive (lu^qei/j - lu^qei=sa` - lu^qe/n).
The Perfect Participle Passive is nonrecessive: lelu^me/noj-lelu^me/nh-lelu^me/non (Nom.Fem.Pl lelu^me/nai).
As with all 1st/3rd declension adjectives, 1st/3rd declension participles have a genitive feminine plural accented with perispomenon: -w~n.
Table showing feminine forms 1st/3rd decl participles in Nom Sing / Gen Sing / Acc Plur / Gen PlurAll participles have a feminine form of the first declension.
- Note length of a in Nom.Sing and Acc.Plur (it is as for an adj of 1st/3rd decl).- Note accent of Gen.Plur is in -w~n for adjectives of 1st/3rd decl (but not for adjectives
1st/2nd decl).
Participle Nom.Masc.Sing
Nom.Fem.Sing in -a`
Gen.Fem.Sing in -a>j¯hj
Acc.Fem.Plur in -a>j
Gen.Fem.Plur
Present Active lu</ousa` lu</ousa` lu<ou/shj lu<ou/sa>j lu<ousw~nPerfect Active lelukui=a` lelukui=a` lelukui/a>j lelukui/a>j lelukuiw~nAorist Active lu</sa>sa` lu</sa>sa` lu<sa>&shj lu<sa>&sa
>jlu<sa>sw~n
Aorist Passive luqei=sa` luqei=sa` luqei/shj luqei/sa>j luqeisw~nFuture Active lu</sousa` lu</sousa` lu<sou/shj lu<sou/sa>j lu<sousw~
nNoun 1st decl qa&latta` qa&latta` qala&tthj qala&tta>j qalattw~nNoun 1st decl xw&ra> xw&ra> xw&ra>j xw&ra>j xwrw~nAdj. 1st/3rd decl h9dei=a` h(dei=a` h9dei/a>j h9dei/a>j h9deiw~nAdj. 1st/3rd decl pa>~sa` pa>~sa` pa>&shj pa>&sa>j pa>sw~n
Compare with 1st/2nd declension participles and adjectives:
Ptc. 1st/2nd decl lu<o/menoj lu<ome/nh lu<ome/nhj lu<ome/na>j
lu<ome/nwn
Adj. 1st/2nd decl e1sxatoj e0sxa&th e0sxa&thj e0sxa&ta>j e0sxa&twnAdj. 1st/2nd decl di/kaioj dikai/a> dikai/a>j dikai/a>j dikai/wn
9
10 Regular Verb lu</w, to loosenPresent / Imperfect Aorist
active middle/passive active middle passive
Indi
cativ
e
lu</w lu</omailu</eij lu</h| 3x ¯
lu</eilu</ei lu</etailu</omen lu<o/meqalu</ete lu</esqelu</ousi¨n©
lu</ontai
e1lu<on e0lu<o/mhn
e1lu<sa e0lu<sa&mhn
e0lu/qhn
e1lu<ej e0lu</ou e1lu<saj e0lu</sw e0lu/qhje1lu<e¨n©
e0lu</eto e1lu<se¨n© e0lu</sato e0lu/qh
e0lu</omen
e0lu<o/meqa
e0lu</samen
e0lu<sa&meqa
e0lu/qhmen
e0lu</ete e0lu</esqe e0lu</sate e0lu</sasqe
e0lu/qhte
e1lu<on e0lu</onto e1lu<san e0lu</santo e0lu/qhsan
Subj
unct
ive
lu</w lu</wmai lu</sw lu</swmai luqw~lu</h|j lu</h| 3x lu</sh|j lu</sh|3x luqh|=jlu</h| 3x lu</htai lu</sh|3x lu</shtai luqh|=lu</wmen
lu<w&meqa lu</swmen lu<sw&meqa
luqw~men
lu</hte lu</hsqe lu</shte lu</shsqe luqh=telu</wsi¨n©
lu</wntai lu</swsi¨n© lu</swntai luqw~si¨n©
Opt
ativ
e
lu</oimi lu<oi/mhn lu</saimi lu<sai/mhn luqei/hnlu</oij lu</oio lu</seiaj
¾lu</saio luqei/hj
lu</oi lu</oito lu</seie¨n©¾
lu</saito luqei/h
lu</oimen
lu<oi/meqa lu</saimen lu<sai/meqa
luqei=men¾
lu</oite lu</oisqe lu</saite lu</saisqe luqei=te¾
lu</oien lu</ointo lu</seian ¾
lu</sainto luqei=en¾
Impe
rativ
e
lu<=e lu</ou lu<=son lu<=sai3x
lu/qhti [¢qhqi]
lu<e/tw lu<e/sqw lu<sa&tw lu<sa&sqw luqh/twlu</ete lu</esqe lu</sate lu</sasqe lu/qhtelu<e/twsan
lu<e/sqwsan
lu<sa&twsan
lu<sa&sqwsan
luqh/twsan
lu<o/ntwn
lu<e/sqwn lu<sa&ntwn lu<sa&sqwn
luqe/ntwn
Parti
c.
lu</wn-ontoj
lu<o/menoj lu</sa>j-antoj
lu<sa&menoj
luqei/j-e/ntoj
lu</ousa-hj
lu<ome/nh lu</sa>sa-hj lu<same/nh luqei=sa-hjlu</
ousi¨
n©Pr
InA
c3Pl
orPr
PcA
cM/ N
DtP
llu
</so
usi¨n
©Fu
InA
c3Pl
orFu
PcA
cM/ N
DtP
llu
<o/n
twn
PrIv
Ac3
Plor
PrPc
AcM
/ NG
nPl
lu<s
a/nt
wnA
oIvA
c3Pl
or
10
lu<=on-ontoj
lu<o/menon lu<=san-antoj
lu<sa&menon
luqe/n-e/ntoj
Inf lu</ein lu</esqai lu<=sai 3x lu</sasqai luqh=nai
Alternative formsAor Opt Act Aor Opt Passlu</saimi luqei/hnlu</seiaj ¯ lu/<saij luqei/hjlu</seie¨n© ¯ lu</sai3x luqei/hlu</saimen luqei=men ¯
luqei/hmenlu</saite luqei=te ¯ luqei/htelu</seian ¯ lu/<saien luqei=en ¯
luqei/hsan
11
Perfect / Pluperfect Futureactive middle/pass active middle passive
Indi
cativ
e
le/luka le/lumai lu</sw lu</somai luqh/somaile/lukaj le/lusai lu</seij lu</sh|
3x¯lu</seiluqh/sh| ¯-sei
le/luke¨n© le/lutai lu</sei lu</setai luqh/setailelu/kamen lelu/meqa lu</somen lu<so/meqa luqhso/
meqalelu/kate le/lusqe lu</sete lu</sesqe luqh/sesqelelu/ka>si¨n© le/luntai lu</
sousi¨n©lu</sontai luqh/sontai
e0lelu/kein ¿ e0lelu/mhne0lelu/keij ¿ e0le/lusoe0lelu/kei ¿ e0le/lutoe0lelu/keimen
¿e0lelu/meqa
e0lelu/keite ¿ e0le/lusqee0lelu/keisan ¿ e0le/lunto
Subj
unct
ive
lelu/kw lelume/noj w}lelu/kh|j lelume/noj h|]jlelu/kh| lelume/noj h|]lelu/kwmen lelume/noi
w}menlelu/khte lelume/noi h]telelu/kwsi¨n© lelume/noi
w}si¨n©
Opt
ativ
e
lelu/koimi lelume/noj ei1hn
lu</soimi lu<soi/mhn luqhsoi/mhn
lelu/koij lelume/noj ei1hj
lu</soij lu</soio luqh/soio
lelu/koi lelume/noj ei1h lu</soi lu</soito luqh/soitolelu/koimen lelume/noi
ei]menlu</soimen lu<soi/meqa luqhsoi/
meqalelu/koite lelume/noi
ei]telu</soite lu</soisqe luqh/soisqe
lelu/koien lelume/noi ei]en
lu</soien lu</sointo luqh/sointo
Impe
rativ
e
le/luke le/lusoleluke/tw lelu/sqwlelu/kete le/lusqeleluke/twsan lelu/sqwsanleluko/tej e1stwn
lelu/sqwn
Parti
c.
lelukw&j-o/toj lelume/noj lu</swn-ontoj
lu<so/menoj luqhso/menoj
lelukui=a-a>j lelume/nh lu</sousa-hj
lu<some/nh luqhsome/nh
leluko/j-o/toj lelume/non lu<=son-ontoj
lu<so/menon luqhso/menon
Inf leluke/nai lelu/sqai lu</sein lu</sesqai luqh/sesqailu</
ousi¨
n©Pr
InA
c3Pl
orPr
PcA
cM/ N
DtP
llu
</so
usi¨n
©Fu
InA
c3Pl
orFu
PcA
cM/ N
DtP
llu
<o/n
twn
PrIv
Ac3
Plor
PrPc
AcM
/ NG
nPl
lu<s
a/nt
wnA
oIvA
c3Pl
or
12
Alternative forms Co-incidental forms with participles¿ (Koiné) ¿ (Classical) lu</
ousi¨n©PrInAc3Pl or PrPcAcM/NDtPl
e0lelu/kein e0lelu/kh lu</sousi¨n©
FuInAc3Pl or FuPcAcM/N DtPl
e0lelu/keij e0lelu/khj lu<o/ntwn
PrIvAc3Pl or PrPcAcM/NGnPl
e0lelu/kei e0lelu/kei¨n© lu<sa&ntwn
AoIvAc3Pl or AoPcAcM/NGnPl
e0lelu/keimen e0lelu/kemen luqe/ntwn AoIvPa3Pl or AoPcPaM/NGnPle0lelu/keite e0lelu/ketee0lelu/keisan e0lelu/kesan
13
11 Regular Compound Verb a)polu</w, to dismiss - nonrecessive (¡) & recessive (¦) forms
Present / Imperfect Aoristactive middle/passive active middle passive
Indi
cativ
e
a)polu</w a)polu</omaia)polu</eij a)polu</h| ¯-
lu</eia)polu</ei a)polu</etaia)polu</omen
a)polu<o/meqa
a)polu</ete a)polu</esqea)polu</ousi¨n©
a)polu</ontai
a)pe/lu<on a)pelu<o/mhn
a)pe/lu<sa a)pelu<sa&mhn
a)pelu/qhn
a)pe/lu<ej a)pelu</ou a)pe/lu<saj a)pelu</sw a)pelu/qhja)pe/lu<e¨n©
a)pelu</eto a)pe/lu<se¨n©
a)pelu</sato a)pelu/qh
a)pelu</omen
a)pelu<o/meqa
a)pelu</samen
a)pelu<sa&meqa
a)pelu/qhmen
a)pelu</ete a)pelu</esqe a)pelu</sate a)pelu</sasqe a)pelu/qhtea)pe/lu<on a)pelu</onto a)pe/lu<san a)pelu</santo a)pelu/qhsana)polu</w a)polu</
wmaia)polu</sw a)polu</swmai a)poluqw~
¡a)polu</h|j a)polu</h| a)polu</sh|j a)polu</sh| a)poluqh|=j
¡a)polu</h| a)polu</htai a)polu</sh| a)polu</shtai a)poluqh|=
¡a)polu</wmen
a)polu<w&meqa
a)polu</swmen
a)polu<sw&meqa
a)poluqw~men¡
a)polu</hte a)polu</hsqe a)polu</shte a)polu</shsqe a)poluqh=te¡
a)polu</wsi¨n©
a)polu</wntai
a)polu</swsi¨n©
a)polu</swntai a)poluqw~si¨n©¡
Opt
ativ
e
a)polu</oimi
a)polu<oi/mhn
a)polu</saimi a)polu<sai/mhn
a)poluqei/hn
a)polu</oij¦
a)polu</oio a)polu</seiaj ¾
a)polu</saio a)poluqei/hj
a)polu</oi¦
a)polu</oito a)polu</seie¨n© ¾
a)polu</saito a)poluqei/h
a)polu</oimen
a)polu<oi/meqa
a)polu</saimen
a)polu<sai/meqa
a)poluqei=men¡ ¾
a)polu</oite a)polu</oisqe
a)polu</saite a)polu</saisqe a)poluqei=te¡ ¾
a)polu</oien
a)polu</ointo a)polu</seian ¾
a)polu</sainto a)poluqei=en ¡ ¾
Impe
rativ
e a)po/lu<e¦
a)polu</ou a)po/lu<son¦
a)po/lu<sai¦
a)polu/qhti
a)polu<e/tw a)polu<e/sqw a)polu<sa&tw
a)polu<sa&sqw
a)poluqh/tw
a)polu</ete a)polu</esqe a)polu</sate a)polu</sasqe a)polu/qhte
14
a)polu<e/twsan
a)polu<e/sqwsan
a)polu<sa&twsan
a)polu<sa&sqwsan
a)poluqh/twsan
a)polu<o/ntwn
a)polu<e/sqwn
a)polu<sa&ntwn
a)polu<sa&sqwn
a)poluqe/ntwnPa
rtic.
a)polu</wn-ontoj
a)polu<o/menoj
a)polu</sa>j-antoj
a)polu<sa&menoj
a)poluqei/j-e/ntoj¡
a)polu</ousa-hj
a)polu<ome/nh
a)polu</sa>sa-hj
a)polu<same/nh
a)poluqei=sa-hj¡
a)polu<=on¡
a)polu<o/menon
a)polu<=san¡
a)polu<sa&menon
a)poluqe/n-e/ntoj¡
Inf a)polu</ein a)polu</esqai
a)polu<=sai¡
a)polu</sasqai a)poluqh=nai¡
Alternative formsAor Opt Act Aor Opt Passa)polu</saimi a)poluqei/hna)polu</seiaj ¯ a)polu/<saij ¦
a)poluqei/hj
a)polu</seie¨n© ¯ a)polu</sai ¦
a)poluqei/h
a)polu</saimen a)poluqei=men ¡ ¯a)poluqei/hmen
a)polu</saite a)poluqei=te ¡ ¯a)poluqei/hte
a)polu</seian ¯a)polu/<saien
a)poluqei=en ¡ ¯a)poluqei/hsan
15
Perfect / Pluperfect Futureactive middle/passive active middle passive
Indi
cativ
e
a)pole/luka a)pole/lumai a)polu</sw a)polu</somai
a)poluqh/somai
a)pole/lukaj a)pole/lusai a)polu</seij a)polu</sh| ¯-ei
a)poluqh/sh| ¯-ei
a)pole/luke¨n©
a)pole/lutai a)polu</sei a)polu</setai
a)poluqh/setai
a)polelu/kamen
a)polelu/meqa a)polu</somen
a)polu<so/meqa
a)poluqhso/meqa
a)polelu/kate a)pole/lusqe a)polu</sete a)polu</sesqe
a)poluqh/sesqe
a)polelu/ka>si¨n©
a)pole/luntai a)polu</sousi¨n©
a)polu</sontai
a)poluqh/sontai
a)pelelu/kein ¿
a)pelelu/mhn
a)pelelu/keij ¿
a)pele/luso
a)pelelu/kei ¿
a)pele/luto
a)pelelu/keimen ¿
a)pelelu/meqa
a)pelelu/keite ¿
a)pele/lusqe
a)pelelu/keisa¿
a)pele/lunto
Subj
unct
ive
a)polelu/kw a)polelume/noj w}a)polelu/kh|j a)polelume/noj
h|]ja)polelu/kh| a)polelume/noj h|]a)polelu/kwmen
a)polelume/noi w}men
a)polelu/khte a)polelume/noi h]te
a)polelu/kwsi¨n©
a)polelume/noi w}si¨n©
Opt
ativ
e
a)polelu/koimi a)polelume/noj ei1hn
a)polu</soimi a)polu<soi/mhn
a)poluqhsoi/mhn
a)polelu/koij¦
a)polelume/noj ei1hj
a)polu</soij¦
a)polu</soio a)poluqh/soio
a)polelu/koi¦
a)polelume/noj ei1h
a)polu</soi¦
a)polu</soito
a)poluqh/soito
a)polelu/koimen
a)polelume/noi ei]men
a)polu</soimen
a)polu<soi/meqa
a)poluqhsoi/meqa
a)polelu/koite a)polelume/noi ei]te
a)polu</soite a)polu</soisqe
a)poluqh/soisqe
a)polelu/koien a)polelume/noi ei]en
a)polu</soien a)polu</sointo
a)poluqh/sointo
Im
a)pole/luke a)pole/lusoa)poleluke/tw a)polelu/sqw
16
pera
tive
a)polelu/kete a)pole/lusqea)poleluke/twsan
a)polelu/sqwsan
a)poleluko/tej e1stwn
a)polelu/sqwnPa
rtic.
a)polelukw&j-o/toj ¡
a)polelume/noj¡
a)polu</swn-ontoj
a)polu<so/menoj
a)poluqhso/menoj
a)polelukui=a-a>j ¡
a)polelume/nh -me/nai ¡
a)polu</sousa-hj
a)polu<some/nh
a)poluqhsome/nh
a)poleluko/j-o/toj ¡
a)polelume/non¡
a)polu<=son¡
a)polu<so/menon
a)poluqhso/menon
Inf a)poleluke/nai¡
a)polelu/sqai¡
a)polu</sein a)polu</sesqai
a)poluqh/sesqai
Alternative forms Co-incidental forms with participles¿ (Koiné) ¿ (Classical) a)polu</
ousi¨n©PrInAc3Pl or PrPcAcM/NDtPl
a)pelelu/kein a)pelelu/kh a)polu</sousi¨n©
FuInAc3Pl or FuPcAcM/N DtPl
a)pelelu/keij a)pelelu/khj a)polu<o/ntwn PrIvAc3Pl or PrPcAcM/NGnPla)pelelu/kei a)pelelu/
kei¨n©a)polu<sa&nta)pown
AoIvAc3Pl or AoPcAcM/NGnPl
a)pelelu/keimen
a)pelelu/kemen
a)poluqe/ntwn AoIvPa3Pl or AoPcPaM/NGnPl
a)pelelu/keite a)pelelu/ketea)pelelu/keisan
a)pelelu/kesan
17
12 Regular Verb lu</w - Classical forms with DualPresent / Imperfect Aorist
active middle/passive active middle passive
Indi
cativ
e
lu</w lu</omailu</eij lu</h| ¯
lu</eilu</ei lu</etailu</eton lu</esqonlu</eton lu</esqonlu</omen lu<o/meqalu</ete lu</esqelu</ousi¨n© lu</ontaie1lu<on e0lu<o/
mhne1lu<sa e0lu<sa&m
hne0lu/qhn
e1lu<ej e0lu</ou e1lu<saj e0lu</sw e0lu/qhje1lu<e¨n© e0lu</eto e1lu<se¨n
©e0lu</sato e0lu/qh
e0lu</eton ¯-e/thn
e0lu</esqon
e0lu</saton
e0lu</sasqon
e0lu/qhton
e0lu<e/thn e0lu<e/sqhn
e0lu<sa&thn
e0lu<sa&sqhn
e0luqh/thn
e0lu</omen e0lu<o/meqa
e0lu</samen
e0lu<sa&meqa
e0lu/qhmen
e0lu</ete e0lu</esqe e0lu</sate e0lu</sasqe e0lu/qhtee1lu<on e0lu</onto e1lu<san e0lu</santo e0lu/qhsan
Subj
unct
ive
lu</w lu</wmai lu</sw lu</swmai luqw~lu</h|j lu</h| lu</sh|j lu</sh| luqh|=jlu</h| lu</htai lu</sh| lu</shtai luqh|=lu</hton lu</hsqon lu</shton lu</shsqon luqh=tonlu</hton lu</hsqon lu</shton lu</shsqon luqh=tonlu</wmen lu<w&meq
alu</swmen lu<sw&meq
aluqw~men
lu</hte lu</hsqe lu</shte lu</shsqe luqh=telu</wsi¨n© lu</wntai lu</
swsi¨n©lu</swntai luqw~si¨n
©
Opt
ativ
e
lu</oimi lu<oi/mhn lu</saimi lu<sai/mhn luqei/hnlu</oij lu</oio lu</seiaj lu</saio luqei/hjlu</oi lu</oito lu</
seie¨n©lu</saito luqei/h
lu</oiton lu</oisqon lu</saiton lu</saisqon luqei=tonlu<oi/thn lu<oi/sqhn lu<sai/thn lu<sai/sqhn luqei/thnlu</oimen lu<oi/meqa lu</saimen lu<sai/
meqaluqei=men
lu</oite lu</oisqe lu</saite lu</saisqe luqei=telu</oien lu</ointo lu</seian lu</sainto luqei=en
Impe
rativ
e
lu<=e lu</ou lu<=son lu<=sai lu/qhtilu<e/tw lu<e/sqw lu<sa&tw lu<sa&sqw luqh/twlu</eton lu</esqon lu</saton lu</sasqon lu/qhtonlu<e/twn lu<e/sqwn lu<sa&twn lu<sa&sqwn luqe/twnlu</ete lu</esqe lu</sate lu</sasqe lu/qhtelu<o/ntwn lu<e/sqwn lu<sa&ntw
nlu<sa&sqwn luqe/ntwn
18
19
Perfect / Pluperfect Futureactive middle/passive active middle passive
Indi
cativ
e
le/luka le/lumai lu</sw lu</somai luqh/somaile/lukaj le/lusai lu</seij lu</sh| ¯
lu</seiluqh/sh| ¯ luqh/sei
le/luke¨n© le/lutai lu</sei lu</setai luqh/setailelu/katon le/lusqon lu</seton lu</sesqon luqh/sesqonlelu/katon le/lusqon lu</seton lu</sesqon luqh/sesqonlelu/kamen lelu/meqa lu</somen lu<so/meqa luqhso/meqalelu/kate le/lusqe lu</sete lu</sesqe luqh/sesqelelu/ka>si¨n© le/luntai lu</
sousi¨n©lu</sontai luqh/sontai
e0lelu/kh e0lelu/mhne0lelu/khj e0le/lusoe0lelu/kei¨n© e0le/lutoe0lelu/keton e0le/lusqone0leluke/thn e0lelu/sqhne0lelu/kemen e0lelu/meqae0lelu/kete e0le/lusqee0lelu/kesan e0le/lunto
Subj
unct
ive
lelu/kw lelume/noj w}lelu/kh|j lelume/noj h|]jlelu/kh| lelume/noj h|]lelu/khton lelume/nw
h]tonlelu/khton lelume/nw
h]tonlelu/kwmen lelume/noi
w}menlelu/khte lelume/noi h]telelu/kwsi¨n© lelume/noi
w}si¨n©
Opt
ativ
e
lelu/koimi lelume/noj ei1hn
lu</soimi lu<soi/mhn luqhsoi/mhn
lelu/koij lelume/noj ei1hj lu</soij lu</soio luqh/soiolelu/koi lelume/noj ei1h lu</soi lu</soito luqh/soitolelu/koiton lelume/nw
ei]tonlu</soiton lu</soisqon luqh/soisqon
lelukoi/thn lelume/nw ei1thn
lu</soi/thn lu<soi/sqhn luqhsoi/sqhn
lelu/koimen lelume/noi ei]men
lu</soimen lu<soi/meqa
luqhsoi/meqa
lelu/koite lelume/noi ei]te lu</soite lu</soisqe luqh/soisqelelu/koien lelume/noi ei]en lu</soien lu</sointo luqh/sointo
Impe
rativ
e
le/luke le/lusoleluke/tw lelu/sqwlelu/keton le/lusqonleluke/twn lelu/sqwnlelu/kete le/lusqeleluko/tej e1stwn
lelu/sqwn
20
13 Participle of the Regular Verb: lu</wnPresent Active Present Middle / PassiveM F N M F N
NV lu</wn lu</ousa` lu<=on lu<o/menoj
lu<ome/nh lu<o/menon
A lu</onta` lu</ousa`n
lu<=on lu<o/menon
lu<ome/nhn
lu<o/menon
G lu</ontoj lu<ou/shj lu</ontoj lu<ome/nou
lu<ome/nhj
lu<ome/nou
D lu</onti^ lu<ou/sh| lu</onti^ lu<ome/nw%
lu<ome/nh|
lu<ome/nw%
NV lu</ontej lu</ousai lu</onta` lu<o/menoi
lu<o/menai
lu<o/mena`
A lu</onta`j lu<ou/sa>j
lu</onta` lu<ome/nouj
lu<ome/na>j
lu<o/mena`
G lu<o/ntwn lu<ousw~n
lu<o/ntwn lu<ome/nwn
lu<ome/nwn
lu<ome/nwn
D lu</ousi^¨n©
lu<ou/saij lu</ousi^¨n©
lu<ome/noij
lu<ome/naij
lu<ome/noij
Aorist Active Aorist MiddleM F N M F N
NV lu</sa>j lu</sa>sa`
lu<=san lu<sa&menoj
lu<same/nh
lu<sa&menon
A lu</santa` lu</sa>sa`n
lu<=san lu<sa&menon
lu<same/nhn
lu<sa&menon
G lu</santoj lu<sa&>shj
lu</santoj lu<same/nou
lu<same/nhj
lu<same/nou
D lu</santi lu<sa&>sh|
lu</santi lu<same/nw%
lu<same/nh|
lu<same/nw%
NV lu</santej lu</sa>sai
lu</santa` lu<sa&menoi
lu<sa&menai
lu<sa&mena`
A lu</santa`j
lu<sa>&sa>j
lu</santa` lu<same/nouj
lu<same/na>j
lu<sa&mena`
G lu<sa&ntwn
lu<sa>sw~n
lu<sa&ntwn
lu<same/nwn
lu<same/nwn
lu<same/nwn
D lu</sa>si¨n©
lu<sa>&saij
lu</sa>si¨n©
lu<same/noij
lu<same/naij
lu<same/noij
Aorist PassiveM F N
NV luqei/j luqei=sa` luqe/nA luqe/nta` luqei=sa`
nluqe/n
G luqe/ntoj luqei/shj luqe/ntojD luqe/nti luqei/shj luqe/ntiNV luqe/ntej luqei=sai luqe/nta`A luqe/nta`j luqei/sa>j luqe/nta`G luqe/ntwn luqeisw~n luqe/ntwnD luqei=si¨n
©luqei/saij luqei=si¨n
©
21
Perfect Active Perfect Middle / PassiveM F N M F N
NV lelukw&j lelukui=a` leluko/j lelume/noj lelume/nh lelume/nonA leluko/ta` lelukui=a`
nleluko/j lelume/non lelume/nhn lelume/non
G leluko/toj lelukui/a>j leluko/toj lelume/nou lelume/nhj lelume/nouD leluko/ti^ lelukui/a
%>leluko/ti^ lelume/nw
%lelume/nh| lelume/nw
%NV leluko/tej lelukui=ai leluko/ta` lelume/noi lelume/nai lelume/na`A leluko/ta`j lelukui/a>j leluko/ta` lelume/
noujlelume/na>j
lelume/na`
G leluko/twn lelukuiw~n
leluko/twn lelume/nwn
lelume/nwn
lelume/nwn
D leluko/si¨n©
lelukui/aij leluko/si¨n©
lelume/noij lelume/naij lelume/noij
Future Active Future MiddleM F N M F N
NV lu</swn lu</sousa`
lu<=son lu<so/menoj
lu<some/nh
lu<so/menon
A lu</sonta` lu</sousa`n
lu<=son lu<so/menon
lu<some/nhn
lu<so/menon
G lu</sontoj lu<sou/shj lu</sontoj lu<some/nou
lu<some/nhj
lu<some/nou
D lu</sonti lu<sou/sh| lu</sonti lu<some/nw%
lu<some/nh|
lu<some/nw%
NV lu</sontej lu</sousai lu</sonta` lu<so/menoi
lu<so/menai
lu<so/mena`
A lu</sonta`j
lu<sou/sa>j
lu</sonta` lu<some/nouj
lu<some/na>j
lu<so/mena`
G lu<so/ntwn
lu<sousw~n
lu<so/ntwn
lu<some/nwn
lu<some/nwn
lu<some/nwn
D lu</sousi¨n©
lu<sou/saij
lu</sousi¨n©
lu<some/noij
lu<some/naij
lu<some/noij
Future PassiveM F N
NV luqhso/menoj
luqhsome/nh luqhso/menon
A luqhso/menon
luqhsome/nhn
luqhso/menon
G luqhsome/nou
luqhsome/nhj
luqhsome/nou
D luqhsome/nw%
luqhsome/nh|
luqhsome/nw%
NV luqhso/menoi
luqhso/menai
luqhso/mena`
A luqhsome/nouj
luqhsome/na>j
luqhso/mena`
G luqhsome/nwn
luqhsome/nwn
luqhsome/nwn
22
D luqhsome/noij
luqhsome/naij
luqhsome/noij
23
14 Participle of the Regular Verb lu</w with DualPresent Active Present Middle / Passive
NV lu</wn lu</ousa` lu<=on lu<o/menoj
lu<ome/nh lu<o/menon
A lu</onta` lu</ousa`n
lu<=on lu<o/menon
lu<ome/nhn
lu<o/menon
G lu</ontoj lu<ou/shj lu</ontoj lu<ome/nou
lu<ome/nhj
lu<ome/nou
D lu</onti^ lu<ou/sh| lu</onti^ lu<ome/nw%
lu<ome/nh|
lu<ome/nw%
NVA lu</onte lu<ou/sa> lu</onte lu<ome/nw
lu<ome/na>
lu<ome/nw
GD lu<o/ntoin lu<ou/sain lu<o/ntoin lu<ome/noin
lu<ome/nain
lu<ome/noin
NV lu</ontej lu</ousai lu</onta` lu<o/menoi
lu<o/menai
lu<o/mena`
A lu</onta`j lu<ou/sa>j
lu</onta` lu<ome/nouj
lu<ome/na>j
lu<o/mena`
G lu<o/ntwn lu<ousw~n
lu<o/ntwn lu<ome/nwn
lu<ome/nwn
lu<ome/nwn
D lu</ousi^¨n©
lu<ou/saij lu</ousi^¨n©
lu<ome/noij
lu<ome/naij
lu<ome/noij
Aorist Active Aorist MiddleNV lu</sa>j lu</sa>sa lu<=sa`n lu<sa&me
nojlu<same/nh
lu<sa&menon
A lu</santa` lu</sa>san
lu<=sa`n lu<sa&menon
lu<same/nhn
lu<sa&menon
G lu</santoj lu<sa&>shj
lu</santoj lu<same/nou
lu<same/nhj
lu<same/nou
D lu</santi^ lu<sa&>sh|
lu</santi^ lu<same/nw%
lu<same/nh|
lu<same/nw%
NVA lu</sante lu<sa>&sa>
lu</sante lu<same/nw
lu<same/na>
lu<same/nw
GD lu<sa&ntoin
lu<sa>&sain
lu<sa&ntoin
lu<same/noin
lu<same/nain
lu<same/noin
NV lu</santej lu</sa>sai
lu</santa` lu<sa&menoi
lu<sa&menai
lu<sa&mena`
A lu</santa`j
lu<sa>&sa>j
lu</santa` lu<same/nouj
lu<same/na>j
lu<sa&mena`
G lu<sa&ntwn
lu<sa>sw~n
lu<sa&ntwn
lu<same/nwn
lu<same/nwn
lu<same/nwn
D lu</sa>si^¨n©
lu<sa>&saij
lu</sa>si^¨n©
lu<same/noij
lu<same/naij
lu<same/noij
Aorist PassiveNV lu^qei/j luqei=sa` luqe/nA luqe/nta` luqei=sa`
nluqe/n
G luqe/ntoj luqei/shj luqe/ntojD luqe/nti^ luqei/shj luqe/nti^
24
NVA luqe/nte luqei/sa> luqe/nteGD luqe/ntoin luqei/sain luqe/ntoinNV luqe/ntej luqei=sai luqe/nta`A luqe/nta`j luqei/sa>j luqe/nta`G luqe/ntwn luqeisw~n luqe/ntwnD luqei=si^
¨n©luqei/saij luqei=si^¨
n©
25
Perfect Active Perfect Middle / PassiveNV lelu^kw&j lelukui=a` leluko/j lelu^me/
nojlelume/nh lelume/non
A leluko/ta` lelukui=a`n
leluko/j lelume/non lelume/nhn lelume/non
G leluko/toj lelukui/a>j leluko/toj lelume/nou lelume/nhj lelume/nouD leluko/ti^ lelukui/a
%>leluko/ti^ lelume/nw
%lelume/nh| lelume/nw
%NVA leluko/te lelukui/a> leluko/te lelume/nw lelume/
na>lelume/nw
GD leluko/toin lelukui/ain leluko/toin lelume/noin
lelume/nain
lelume/noin
NV leluko/tej lelukui=ai leluko/ta` lelume/noi lelume/nai lelume/naA leluko/ta`j lelukui/a>j leluko/ta` lelume/
noujlelume/na>j
lelume/na
G leluko/twn lelukuiw~n
leluko/twn lelume/nwn
lelume/nwn
lelume/nwn
D leluko/si^¨n©
lelukui/aij leluko/si^¨n©
lelume/noij lelume/naij lelume/noij
Future Active Future MiddleNV lu</swn lu</
sousa`lu<=son lu<so/
menojlu<some/nh
lu<so/menon
A lu</sonta` lu</sousa`n
lu<=son lu<so/menon
lu<some/nhn
lu<so/menon
G lu</sontoj lu<sou/shj lu</sontoj lu<some/nou
lu<some/nhj
lu<some/nou
D lu</sonti^ lu<sou/sh| lu</sonti^ lu<some/nw%
lu<some/nh|
lu<some/nw%
NVA lu</sonte lu<sou/sa>
lu</sonte lu<some/nw
lu<some/na>
lu<some/nw
GD lu<so/ntoin
lu<sou/sain
lu<so/ntoin
lu<some/noin
lu<some/nain
lu<some/noin
NV lu</sontej lu</sousai lu</sonta` lu<so/menoi
lu<so/menai
lu<so/mena`
A lu</sonta`j
lu<sou/sa>j
lu</sonta` lu<some/nouj
lu<some/na>j
lu<so/mena`
G lu<so/ntwn
lu<sousw~n
lu<so/ntwn
lu<some/nwn
lu<some/nwn
lu<some/nwn
D lu</sousi^¨n©
lu<sou/saij
lu</sousi^¨n©
lu<some/noij
lu<some/naij
lu<some/noij
Future PassiveNV lu^qhso/
menojluqhsome/nh luqhso/
menonA luqhso/
menonluqhsome/nhn
luqhso/menon
G luqhsome/nou
luqhsome/nhj
luqhsome/nou
26
D luqhsome/nw%
luqhsome/nh|
luqhsome/nw%
NVA lu<qhsome/nw
lu<qhsome/na>
lu<qhsome/nw
GD lu<qhsome/noin
lu<qhsome/nain
lu<qhsome/noin
NV luqhso/menoi
luqhso/menai
luqhso/mena`
A luqhsome/nouj
luqhsome/na>j
luqhso/mena`
G luqhsome/nwn
luqhsome/nwn
luqhsome/nwn
D luqhsome/noij
luqhsome/naij
luqhsome/noij
27
15 Verb e1xw, to havePresent / Imperfect Aorist
active middle/pass active middle passive
Indi
cativ
e
e1xw e1xomaie1xeij e1xh|
3x¯e1xeie1xei e1xetaie1xomen
e0xo/meqa
e1xete e1xesqee1xousi¨n©
e1xontai
ei]xon ei0xo/mhn
e1sxon e0sxo/mhn
e0sxe/qhn
ei]xej ei1xou e1sxej e1sxou e0sxe/qhjei]xe¨n© ei1xeto e1sxe¨n© e1sxeto e0sxe/qhei1xomen
ei0xo/meqa
e1sxomen e0sxo/meqa
e0sxe/qhmen
ei1xete ei1xesqe e1sxete e1sxesqe e0sxe/qhteei]xon ei1xonto e1sxon e1sxonto e0sxe/
qhsan
Subj
unct
ive
e1xw e1xwmai sxw~~ sxw~~mai
sxeqw~
e1xh|j e1xh| 3x sxh=|j sxh=| sxeqh|=je1xh| 3x e1xhtai sxh=| sxh=tai sxeqh|=e1xwmen
e0xw&meqa
sxw~men sxw&meqa
sxeqw~men
e1xhte e1xhsqe sxh=te sxh=sqe sxeqh=tee1xwsi¨n©
e1xwntai sxw~si¨n© sxw~ntai sxeqw~si¨n©
Opt
ativ
e
e1xoimi e0xoi/mhn
sxoi/hn¯sxoi=mi
sxoi/mhn sxeqei/hn
e1xoij e1xoio sxoi/hj sxoi=o sxeqei/hje1xoi e1xoito sxoi/h sxoi=to sxeqei/he1xoimen
e0xoi/meqa
sxoi=men sxoi/meqa
sxeqei=men ¾
e1xoite e1xoisqe sxoi=te sxoi=sqe sxeqei=te¾
e1xoien e1xointo sxoi=en sxoi=nto sxeqei=en¾
Impe
rativ
e
e1xe e1xou sxe/j sxou= sxe/qhtie0xe/tw e0xe/sqw sxe/tw sxe/sqw sxeqh/twe1xete e1xesqe sxe/te sxe/sqe sxe/qhtee0xe/twsan
e0xe/sqwsan
sxe/twsan sxe/sqwsan
sxeqh/twsan
e0xo/ntwn
e0xe/sqwn
sxo/ntwn sxe/sqwn sxeqe/ntwn
Parti
c.
e1xwn-ontoj
e0xo/menoj
sxw&n-ontoj sxo/menoj
sxeqei/j-e/ntoj
e1xousa-hj
e0xome/nh
sxou=sa-hj sxome/nh sxeqei=sa-hj
28
e1xon-ontoj
e0xo/menon
sxo/n-ontoj sxo/menon
sxeqe/n-e/ntoj
Inf e1xein e1xesqai sxei=n¯sxeqei=n
sxe/sqai sxeqh=nai
29
Perfect / Pluperfect Futureactive middle/passive active middle passive
Indi
cativ
e
e1sxhka e1sxhmai e3c¯sxh/s- w e3c¯sxh/s-omai
sxeqh/somai
e1sxhkaj e1sxhsai e3c¯sxh/s- eij e3c¯sxh/s- ei sxeqh/sh| ¯-ei
e1sxhke¨n© e1sxhtai e3c¯sxh/s- ei e3c¯sxh/s-etai
sxeqh/setai
e0sxh/kamen e0sxh/meqa e3c¯sxh/s-omen
e9c¯sxhs-o/meqa
sxeqhso/meqa
e0sxh/kate e1sxhsqe e3c¯sxh/s- ete e3c¯sxh/s-esqe
sxeqh/sesqe
e0sxh/ka>si¨n©
e1sxhntai e3c¯sxh/s- ousi¨n©
e3c¯sxh/s-ontai
sxeqh/sontai
e0sxh/kein¿
e0sxh/mhn
e0sxh/keij ¿ e1sxhsoe0sxh/kei
¿e1sxhto
e0sxh/keimen ¿
e0sxh/meqa
e0sxh/keite¿
e1sxhsqe
e0sxh/keisan¿
e1sxhnto
Subj
unct
ive
e0sxh/kw e0sxhme/noj w}
e0sxh/kh|j e0sxhme/noj h|]j
e0sxh/kh| e0sxhme/noj h|]
e0sxh/kwmen
e0sxhme/noi w}men
e0sxh/khte e0sxhme/noi h]te
e0sxh/kwsi¨n©
e0sxhme/noi w}si¨n©
Opt
ativ
e
e0sxh/koimi e0sxhme/noj ei1hn
e3c¯sxh/s-oimi
e9c¯sxhs-oi/mhn
sxeqhsoi/mhn
e0sxh/koij e0sxhme/noj ei1hj
e3c¯sxh/s- oij e3c¯sxh/s- oio sxeqh/soio
e0sxh/koi e0sxhme/noj ei1h
e3c¯sxh/s- oi e3c¯sxh/s- oito sxeqh/soito
e0sxh/koimen
e0sxhme/noi ei]men
e3c¯sxh/s-oimen
e9c¯sxhs-oi/meqa
sxeqhsoi/meqa
e0sxh/koite e0sxhme/noi ei]te
e3c¯sxh/s- oite e3c¯sxh/s-oisqe
sxeqh/soisqe
e0sxh/koien e0sxhme/noi ei]en
e3c¯sxh/s-oien
e3c¯sxh/s-ointo
sxeqh/sointo
Impe
r e1sxhke e1sxhsoe0sxhke/tw e0sxh/sqwe0sxh/kete e1sxhsqe
30
ativ
e
e0sxhke/twsan
e0sxh/sqwsan
e0sxhko/tej e1stwn
e0sxh/sqwnPa
rtic.
e0sxhkw&j-o/toj
e0sxhme/noj e3c¯sxh/s- wn -ontoj
e9c¯sxhs- o/menoj
sxeqhso/menoj
e0sxhkui=a-a>j
e0sxhme/nh e3c¯sxh/s- ousa -hj
e9c¯sxhs- ome/nh
sxeqhsome/nh
e0sxhko/j-o/toj
e0sxhme/non e3c¯sxh=s- on -ontoj
e9c¯sxhs- o/menon
sxeqhso/menon
Inf e0sxhke/nai e0sxh/sqai e3c¯sxh/s- ein e3c¯sxh/s- esqai
sxeqh/sesqai
Alternative forms: Co-incidental forms with participles¿ (Koiné) ¿ (Classical) e1xousi¨n
©PrInAc3Pl or PrPcAcM/NDtPl
e0sxh/kein e0sxh/kh e3cousi¨n©
FuInAc3Pl or FuPcAcM/NDtPl
e0sxh/keij e0sxh/khj sxh/sousi¨n©
FuInAc3Pl or FuPcAcM/NDtPl
e0sxh/kei e0sxh/kei¨n© e0xo/ntwn PrIvAc3Pl or PrPcAcM/NGnPle0sxh/keimen e0sxh/kemen sxo/ntwn AoIvAc3Pl or AoPcAcM/NGnPle0sxh/keite e0sxh/kete sxeqe/ntwn AoIvPa3Pl or AoPcPaM/NGnPle0sxh/keisan e0sxh/kesan
31
16 Compound of e1xw: pare/xw, to providePresent/
ImperfectAorist
active middle passive
Indi
cativ
e
regular
parei=xon¡e0pei=xon1,2 ¡
pare/sxon ¡ paresxo/mhn paresxe/qhn
pare/sxej ¡ pare/sxou paresxe/qhjpare/sxe¨n© ¡ pare/sxeto paresxe/qhpare/sxomen paresxo/meqa paresxe/qhmenpare/sxete pare/sxesqe paresxe/qhtepare/sxon3 ¡ pare/sxonto paresxe/qhsan
Subj
unct
ive
para&sxw para&sxwmai parasxeqw~¡
para&sxh|j para&sxh| parasxeqh|=j¡
para&sxh| para&sxhtai parasxeqh=|¡
para&sxwmen parasxw&meqa parasxeqw~men¡
para&sxhte para&sxhsqe parasxeqh=te¡
para&sxwsi¨n© para&sxwntai parasxeqw~si¨n©¡
Opt
ativ
e
parasxoi/hn ¯ para&sxoimi parasxoi/mhn parasxeqei/hnparasxoi/hj para&sxoio parasxeqei/hjparasxoi/h para&sxoito parasxeqei/h
para&sxoimenparasxoi/meqa parasxeqei=men
¾ ¡para&sxoite para&sxoisqe parasxeqei=te ¾
¡para&sxoien para&sxointo parasxeqei=en ¾
¡
Impe
rativ
e
para&sxej¡ ¯pro/sxej4 para&sxou¦ ¯prosxou=
¡
parasxe/qhti
parasxe/tw parasxe/sqw parasxeqh/twpara&sxete para&sxesqe parasxe/qhteparasxe/twsan parasxe/sqwsan parasxeqh/twsanparasxo/ntwn parasxe/sqwn parasxeqe/ntwn
Parti
c.
parasxw&n-ontoj ¡ parasxo/menoj parasxeqei/j-e/ntoj¡
parasxou=sa-hj ¡ parasxome/nh parasxeqei=sa-hj¡
32
pare/xon5 ¡
parasxo/n-ontoj ¡ parasxo/menon parasxeqe/n-e/ntoj¡
Inf parasxei=n ¡ ¯parasxeqei=n ¡
parasxe/sqai ¡ parasxeqh=nai¡
References:1 e0nei=xon [Gn 49:23[2 u9perei=xon [1K 8:8] = [3KLXX 8:8]3 sune/sxon [Ac 7:57]4 pro/sxej [PsLXX 39:13] [=PsBHS 40:14] [=PsAV 40:13]5 kate/xon [2Q 2:6] (nonrecessive, as in regular verb)
33
The Present/Imperfect and Perfect/Pluperfect are regular.
Accentuation is as for strong aorist active and middle (q.v.) and regular aorist passive, but with the following exceptions:
¬ para&sxej etc., for which the rule applies that the accent cannot fall further back than the last syllable of a prefixing preposition.
¬ para&sxou, for which the rule applies that the accentuation of a strong aorist middle imperative, when compounded with a disyllabic preposition, becomes recessive.
34
17 Contracting Verbs: ti<ma&w poie/w dhlo/w za&w xra&omai ple/w de/omai
Verbs ending in -a&w -e/w -o/w are contracting verbs. Verbs in -h/w also contract, but are listed in dictionaries as ending in -a&w. Contraction takes place with the vowel on the verb stem (a h e o) with verb endings in the present and imperfect tenses. All moods (indicative, subjunctive, optative, imperative and infinitive) and voices (active and middle/passive) are affected.
Contraction takes place between the verb stem and the following 8 initial vowels of verb endings:e h ¯ o w ¯ ou ¯ ei h| oi. The last three are diphthongs with i.
We take as paradigm verbs: ti<ma&w to honour, poie/w to make, dhlo/w to show, za&w ¨zh/w© to live, xra&omai ¨xrh/omai© to use/treat, ple/w to sail, de/omai need/ask.
Contraction with a Contraction with hae ah→a> he hh→hao aw aou→w ho hw hou→wa+i-diphthong (ei h| oi) retains the i in the subscript (→a>| a>| w%)
h+i-diphthong (ei h| oi) retains the i in the subscript (→h| h| w%)
Pres Inf Act ti<ma>~n (←ti<ma>~en←ti<ma&een)
Pres Inf Act zh=n (←zh=en←zh/een)
Contraction with e Contraction with oee→ei ow oh→w (o + a long vowel w)eo→ou oo oe oou→ou (3 cases of o+x →
ou)e before a long vowel/diphthong disappears
oei ooi oh| → oi (o + i-diphthong → oi)
Pres Inf Act poiei=n (←poie/ein←poie/een)
Pres Inf Act dhlou=n (←dhlou=en←dhlo/een)
Contraction with h applies to za&w live, xra&omai use, peina&w hunger, diya&w thirstDisyllabic verbs in e/w (e.g. ple/w sail, de/w need xe/w pour, pne/w breathe) generally only contract ee→ei, eei→ei.
In all casesThere is no moveable n in the 3Sing. imperfect (e0ti</ma, e0poi/ei, e0dh/lou)
Length after contraction: A contracted a is long: a>¯a>|. In -ow verbs, -oi and -ai resulting from contraction are long.
Accent after contraction: ««« «/««= ««/«/
Observations After contraction, the accent will be in accordance with the general rule (e0ti<ma>~to,
e0ti<mw&mhn). Since no uncontracted ultimate takes an accent, any accented contracted ultimate must be the
result of «/««=, i.e. a circumflex (poiw~).
SummaryStems in a: a + e¯h a> a + o¯w¯ou w a + ei¯h|¯oi a%>¯a%>¯w%Stems in h: h + e¯h h h + o¯w¯ou w h + ei¯h|¯oi h|¯h|¯w%
35
Stems in e: e + e ei e + o ou e + h¯w¯ou¯ei¯h|¯oi h¯w¯ou¯ei¯h|¯oi
Stems in o: o + o¯e¯ou ou o + h¯w w o + ei¯h|¯oi oi
MnemonicsStems in a¯h:
everything becomes a¯h or w (may be with iota subscript)
Stems in e: e disappears (except in 2 cases)Stems in o: ou ou ou - w w - oi oi oi
36
Contracting verb ti<ma&w, to honourti<ma&w
active middle / passiveIn
dica
tive
ti<mw~3x
a&w ti<mw~mai a&omai
ti<ma%>~j
a&eij ti<ma%>~4x
a&ei
ti<ma>~|4x
a&ei ti<ma>~tai a&etai
ti<mw~men
a&omen ti<mw&meqa
ao/meqa
ti<ma>~te3x
a&ete ti<ma>~sqe 3x
a&esqe
ti<mw~si¨n© 3x
a&ousi¨n© ti<mw~ntai a&ontai
e0ti</mwn aon e0ti<mw&mhn
ao/mhn
e0ti</ma>j aej e0ti<mw~ a&oue0ti</ma> ae e0ti<ma>~
toa&eto
e0ti<mw~men
a&omen e0ti<mw&meqa
ao/meqa
e0ti<ma>~te
a&ete e0ti<ma>~sqe
a&esqe
e0ti</mwn aon e0ti<mw~nto
a&onto
Subj
unct
ive
ti<mw~3x
a&w ti<mw~mai a&wmai
ti<ma>~|j a&h|j ti<ma>~|4x
a&h|
ti<ma>~|4x
a&h| ti<ma>~tai a&htai
ti<mw~men
a&wmen ti<mw&meqa
aw&meqa
ti<ma>~te3x
a&hte ti<ma>~sqe 3x
a&hsqe
ti<mw~si¨n© 3x
a&wsi¨n© ti<mw~ntai a&wntai
Opt
ativ
e
ti<mw&|hn aoi/hn ti<mw&|mhn
aoi/mhn
ti<mw&|hj aoi/hj ti<mw~|o a&oioti<mw&|h aoi/h ti<mw~|to a&oitoti<mw~|men
a&oimen ti<mw&|meqa
aoi/meqa
ti<mw~|te a&oite ti<mw~|sqe
a&oisqe
ti<mw~|en a&oien ti<mw~|nto
a&ointo
Impe
rativ
e ti</ma> ae ti<mw~3x
a&ou
ti<ma>&tw
ae/tw ti<ma>&sqw
ae/sqw
37
ti<ma>~te3x
a&ete ti<ma>~sqe 3x
a&esqe
ti<mw&ntwn
ao/ntwn ti<ma>&sqwn
ae/sqwn
ti<ma>&twsan
ae/twsan ti<ma>&sqwsan
ae/sqwsan
Parti
c.
ti<mw~n -w~ntoj
a&wn -a&ontoj
ti<mw&menoj
ao/menoj
ti<mw~sa -hj
a&ousa -hj ti<mwme/nh
aome/nh
ti<mw~n -w~ntoj
a&on -a&ontoj
ti<mw&menon
ao/menon
Inf ti<ma>~n a&een ti<ma>~sqai
a&esqai
38
Contracting verb poie/w, to do, to makepoie/w
active middle / passiveIn
dica
tive
poiw~ e/w poiou=mai e/omaipoiei=j e/eij poiei=¯h|=
3x/3xe/ei¯e/h|=
poiei= 3x e/ei poiei=tai e/etaipoiou=men e/omen poiou/meqa eo/meqapoiei=te e/ete poiei=sqe e/esqepoiou=si¨n©
e/ousi¨n© poiou=ntai e/ontai
e0poi/oun eon e0poiou/mhn
eo/mhn
e0poi/eij eej e0poiou= e/oue0poi/ei ee e0poiei=to e/etoe0poiou=men
e/omen e0poiou/meqa
eo/meqa
e0poiei=te e/ete e0poiei=sqe
e/esqe
e0poi/oun eon e0poiou=nto
e/onto
Subj
unct
ive
poiw~ e/w poiw~mai e/wmaipoih=|j e/h|j poih=| 3x e/h|poih=| 3x e/h| poih=tai e/htaipoiw~men e/wmen poiw&meqa ew&meqapoih=te e/hte poih=sqe e/hsqepoiw~si¨n©
e/wsi¨n© poiw~ntai e/wntai
Opt
ativ
e
poioi/hn eoi/hn poioi/mhn eoi/mhnpoioi/hj eoi/hj poioi=o e/oiopoioi/h eoi/h poioi=to e/oitopoioi=men e/oimen poioi/meqa eoi/meqapoioi=te e/oite poioi=sqe e/oisqepoioi=en e/oien poioi=nto e/ointo
Impe
rativ
e
poi/ei 3x ee poiou= e/oupoiei/tw ee/tw poiei/sqw ee/sqwpoiei=te e/ete poiei=sqe e/esqepoiou/ntwn eo/ntwn poiei/sqwn ee/sqwnpoiei/twsan ee/twsan poiei/
sqwsanee/sqwsan
Parti
c.
poiw~n -ou=ntoj
e/wn -e/ontoj
poiou/menoj
eo/menoj
poiou=sa -hj
e/ousa -hj poioume/nh eome/nh
poiou=n -ou=ntoj
e/on -e/ontoj
poiou/menon
eo/menon
Inf poiei=n e/een poiei=sqai e/esqai
39
Contracting verb dhlo/w, to showdhlo/w
active middle / passive
Indi
cativ
e
dhlw~ o/w dhlou=mai o/omaidhloi=j o/eij dhloi= 4x o/eidhloi= 4x o/ei dhlou=tai o/etaidhlou=men o/omen dhlou/meqa oo/meqadhlou=te o/ete dhlou=sqe o/esqedhlou=si¨n©
o/ousi¨n© dhlou=ntai o/ontai
e0dh/loun oon e0dhlou/mhn
oo/mhn
e0dh/louj oej e0dhlou= o/oue0dh/lou oe e0dhlou=to o/etoe0dhlou=men
o/omen e0dhlou/meqa
oo/meqa
e0dhlou=te o/ete e0dhlou=sqe
o/esqe
e0dh/loun oon e0dhlou=nto
o/onto
Subj
unct
ive
dhlw~ o/w dhlw~mai o/wmaidhloi=j o/h|j dhloi= 4x o/h|dhloi= 4x o/h| dhlw~tai o/htaidhlw~men o/wmen dhlw&meqa ow&meqadhlw~te o/hte dhlw~sqe o/hsqedhlw~si¨n© o/wsi¨n© dhlw~ntai o/wntai
Opt
ativ
e
dhloi/hn ooi/hn dhloi/mhn ooi/mhndhloi/hj ooi/hj dhloi=o o/oiodhloi/h ooi/h dhloi=to o/oitodhloi=men o/oimen dhloi/meqa ooi/meqadhloi=te o/oite dhloi=sqe o/oisqedhloi=en o/oien dhloi=nto o/ointo
Impe
rativ
e
dh/lou oe dhlou= o/oudhlou/tw oe/tw dhlou/sqw oe/sqwdhlou=te o/ete dhlou=sqe o/esqedhlou/ntwn oo/ntwn dhlou/sqwn oe/sqwndhlou/twsan oe/twsan dhlou/
sqwsanoe/sqwsan
Parti
c.
dhlw~n -ou=ntoj
o/wn -o/ontoj
dhlou/menoj oo/menoj
dhlou=sa -hj o/ousa -hj dhloume/nh oome/nhdhlou=n -ou=ntoj
o/on -o/ontoj
dhlou/menon
oo/menon
Inf dhlou=n o/een dhlou=sqai o/esqai
Notes 1C 4:6, PrSjPa2P ¨i3na mh\ ei[j u9pe\r tou= e9no\j© fusiou=sqe for
fusiw~sqe Gl 4:17, PrSjAc2P ¨i3na au0tou\j© zhlou=te, for zhlw~te
40
Contracting verbs za&w, to live, and xra&omai, to useza&w ¨zh/w© xra&omai ¨xrh/
omai©active middle / passive
Indi
cativ
e
zw~ h/w xrw~mai h/omaizh=|j h/eij xrh=| h/eizh=| h/ei xrh=tai h/etaizw~men h/omen xrw&meqa ho/meqazh=te 3x h/ete xrh=sqe
3xh/esqe
zw~si¨n©
h/ousi¨n© xrw~ntai h/ontai
e1zwn hon e0xrw&mhn
ho/mhn
e1zhj hej e0xrw~ h/oue1zh he e0xrh=to h/etoe0zw~men
h/omen e0xrw&meqa
ho/meqa
e0zh=te h/ete e0xrh=sqe h/esqee1zwn hon e0xrw~nto h/onto
Subj
unct
ive
zw~ h/w xrw~mai h/wmaizh=|j h/h|j xrh=| h/h|zh=| h/h| xrh=tai h/htaizw~men h/wmen xrw&meqa hw&meqazh=te 3x h/hte xrh=sqe
3xh/hsqe
zw~si¨n©
h/wsi¨n© xrw~ntai h/wntai
Opt
ativ
e
zw&|hn hoi/hn xrw&|mhn hoi/mhnzw&|hj hoi/hj xrw~|o h/oiozw&|h hoi/h xrw~|to h/oitozw~|men
h/oimen xrw&|meqa hoi/meqa
zw~|te h/oite xrw~|sqe h/oisqezw~|en h/oien xrw~|nto h/ointo
Impe
rativ
e
zh= he xrw~ h/ouzh/tw he/tw xrh/sqw he/sqwzh=te 3x h/ete xrh=sqe
3xh/esqe
zh/twsan he/twsan xrh/sqwsan he/sqwsanzw&ntwn ho/ntwn xrh/sqwn he/sqwn
Parti
c.
zw~n-w~ntoj
h/wn-h/ontoj
xrw&menoj ho/menoj
zw~sa-hj h/ousa-hj xrwme/nh home/nhzw~n-w~ntoj
h/on-h/ontoj
xrw&menon
ho/menon
Inf zh=n h/een xrh=sqai h/esqai
41
Contracting verbs ple/w, to sail, and de/omai, to beseechple/w de/omai
active middle / passive
Indi
cativ
e
ple/w de/omaiplei=j e/eij de/h|plei= e/ei dei=tai e/etaiple/omen deo/
meqaplei=te e/ete dei=sqe e/esqeple/ousi¨n©
de/ontai
e1pleon e0deo/mhn
e1pleij eej e0de/oue1plei ee e0dei=to e/etoe0ple/omen
e0deo/meqa
e0plei=te e/ete e0dei=sqe
e/esqe
e1pleon e0de/onto
Subj
unct
ive
ple/w dew&maiple/h|j de/h|ple/h| de/htaiple/wmen dew&me
qaple/hte de/hsqeple/wsi¨n© de/wntai
Opt
ativ
e
pleoi/hn deoi/mhnpleoi/hj de/oiopleoi/h de/oitople/oimen deoi/
meqaple/oite de/oisqeple/oien de/ointo
Impe
rativ
e
plei= e/e de/ouplei/tw ee/tw dei/sqw ee/sqwplei=te e/ete dei=sqe e/esqeplei/twsan ee/
twsandei/sqwsan
ee/sqwsan
pleo/ntwn dei/sqwn ee/sqwn
Parti
c.
ple/wn-e/ontoj
deo/menoj
ple/ousa-hj deome/nh
ple/on-e/ontoj
deo/menon
Inf plei=n e/een dei=sqai e/esqai
42
Contracting verbs in tenses other than the present and imperfect generally lengthen the vowel at the end of the stem (but a` becomes h):
present future aorist perfect act. perfect pass. aorist pass. English
tima&w timh/sw e0ti/mhsa teti/mhka teti/mhmai
e0timh/qhn
to honour
poie/w poih/sw e0poi/hsa pepoi/hka pepoi/hmai
e0poih/qhn
to do, make
dhlo/w dhlw&sw e0dh/lwsa dedh/lwka dedh/lwmai
e0dhlw&qhn
to show
Exceptions when a is “pure”, i.e. following e i or r, and see also below:
present future aorist perfect act. perfect pass.
aorist pass. English
a)gallia&w
a)gallia&somai
h0galli/asa
- - h0gallia&¨s©qhn
to rejoice
e0a&w e0a>&sw ei0a>&sa ei1a>ka ei1a>mai
ei0a&qhn to allow
qea&omai
qea>&somai e0qea>sa&mhn
teqe/a>mai
- - to look at
i<0a&omai
i0a>&somai i0a>sa&mhn
i1a>mai i0a>&qhn to heal
kopia&w kopia>&sw e0kopi/a>sa
kekopi/a>ka
- - to toil
Exceptions which are not a pure, including -e/w verbs:
present future aorist perfect act. perfect pass. aorist pass. English
gela&w gela&sw e0ge/la`sa
gege/laka gege/lasmai
e0gela&sqhn
to laugh
kla&w kla&sw e1klasa »ke/klaka½
ke/klasmai
e0kla&sqhn
to break
peina&w peina>&sw
e0pei/na>sa
pepei/nhka !
- - to hunger
spa&w spa`&sw e1spa`sa e1spa`ka e1spasmai
e0spa&sqhn
to draw out
xa`la&w xala&sw e0xa&la`sa
kexa&laka kexa&lasmai
e0xala&sqhn
to lower
ai0ne/w ai0ne/swai0nh/sw
h|1nesah|1nhsa
h|1neka h|1nhmai h|0ne/qhn to praise
a)rke/w a)rke/sw h1rkesa - - - to sufficekale/w kale/sw e0ka&lesa ke/klhka ke/klhmai e0klh/qhn to calltele/w tele/sw e0te/lesa tete/leka tete/
lesmaie0tele/sqhn
to finish
Some forms are attested in compounds, e.g. from katagela&w, to mock.
43
18 Aorists of liquid stems: a)gge/llw, to report, and ai1rw, to liftSimilarly ne/mw e1neima, to feed, and kri</nw e1kri<na, to judge
Aorist of a)gge/llw Aorist of ai1rwactive middle active middle
Indi
cativ
e
h1ggeila h0ggeila&mhn h]ra h0ra&mhnh1ggeilaj h0ggei/lw h]raj h1rwh1ggeile¨n© h0ggei/lato h]re¨n© h1ratoh0ggei/lamen h0ggeila&meq
ah1ramen h0ra&meqa
h0ggei/late h0ggei/lasqe h1rate h1rasqeh1ggeilan h0ggei/lanto h]ran h1ranto
Subj
unct
ive
a)ggei/lw a)ggei/lwmai a!rw a!rwmaia)ggei/lh|j a)ggei/lh| a!rh|j a!rh|a)ggei/lh| a)ggei/lhtai a!rh| a!rhtaia)ggei/lwmen a)ggeilw&meq
aa!rwmen a)rw&meqa
a)ggei/lhte a)ggei/lhsqe a!rhte a!rhsqea)ggei/lwsi¨n©
a)ggei/lwntai a!rwsi¨n© a!rwntai
Opt
ativ
e
a)ggei/laimi a)ggeilai/mhn a!raimi a)rai/mhna)ggei/leiaj
¾a)ggei/laio a!reiaj ¾ a!raio
a)ggei/leie¨n©¾
a)ggei/laito a!reie¨n© ¾ a!raito
a)ggei/laimen a)ggeilai/meqa
a!raimen a)rai/meqa
a)ggei/laite a)ggei/laisqe a!raite a!raisqea)ggei/leian
¾a)ggei/lainto a!reian ¾ a!rainto
Impe
rativ
e
a!ggeilon a!ggeilai a}ron a}raia)ggeila&tw a)ggeila&sqw a)ra&tw a)ra&sqwa)ggei/late a)ggei/lasqe a!rate a!rasqea)ggeila&twsan
a)ggeila&sqwsan
a)ra&twsan a)ra&sqwsan
a)ggeila&ntwn a)ggeila&sqwn a)ra&ntwn a)pa&sqwn
Parti
c.
a)ggei/la>j -antoj
a)ggeila&menoj
a!ra>j -antoj a)ra&menoj
a)ggei/la>sa -hj
a)ggeilame/nh a!ra>sa -hj a)rame/nh
a)ggei=lan -antoj
a)ggeila&menon
a}ran -antoj a)ra&menon
Inf a)ggei=lai a)ggei/lasqai a}rai a!rasqai
44
19 Strong Aorist and Attic Future: ba&llw, to throw and e0lau/nw, to drive
Strong AoristActive Imperatives 2 Sing are recessive except: ei0pe/ e0lqe/ (+ classically eu9re/ labe/ and i0de/ when it means behold), but not their compounds.So in polysyllabic/compound verbs: e1kbale [Mt 7:5], e1pide [Ac 4:29], ei1selqe [Mt 6:6]
Other forms are recessive, except that nonrecessive forms are marked in the paradigm with an ¡. recessive forms where this is not deducible from the paradigm are marked with an ¦.
Nonrecessive forms: The Strong Aorist Infinitive Active, which takes a circumflex accent on the ultimate: balei=n The Strong Aorist Imperative Middle 2Sg has a circumflex on the ultimate: balou= The Strong Aorist Infinitive Middle has an accent on the penultimate: bale/sqai [Exceptions
WWG §131: pri/asqai to buy, o1nasqai (¢o0ni/nhmi) to have profit] The Strong Aorist Active Participle balw&n-o/ntoj balou=sa-hj balo/n-o/ntoj
These rules do not necessarily apply to -mi verbs, e.g. AostrIfAc of di/dwmi is dou=nai
Some strong aorists:a(marta&nw h3marton a(martei=n to sina)poqnh/|skw a)pe/qanon a)poqanei=n to dieba&llw e1balon balei=n to throwe1rxomai h]lqon e0lqei=n to comeeu9ri/skw eu[ron, hu[ron eu9rei=n to findlamba&nw e1labon labei=n to takelei/pw e1lipon lipei=n to leavemanqa&nw e1maqon maqei=n to learno9ra&w ei]don i0dei=n to seepi/nw e1pion piei=n to drinkpunqa&nomai e0puqo/mhn puqe/sqai to ascertainte/mnw e1temon temei=n to cutti/ktw e1tekon tekei=n to bear (children)tugxa&nw e1tuxon tuxei=n to happen tofeu/gw e1fugon fugei=n to flee
In compounds, the accent cannot precede the augment, so e.g. e0ch=lqon they went out.
Attic Future This is conjugated as present tense of poie/w (poiw~), ti<ma&w (ti<mw~) nonrecessive forms because of Attic contraction are marked in the paradigm with a ¤. nonrecessive forms before Attic contraction are marked in the paradigm with a ¡.
45
Strong Aorist and Attic Future: ba&llw and e0lau/nwAorist Future Future
strong active strong middle active - Attic middle - Attic active - Attic
Indi
cativ
e
balw~ ¤ balou=mai¤
e0lw~ ¤
balei=j ¤ balei= ¤ e0la%>~j¤
balei= ¤ balei=tai ¤ e0la%>~¤
balou=men¤
balou/meqa¤
e0lw~men¤
balei=te¤
balei=sqe¤
e0la>~te¤
balou=si¨n©¤
balou=ntai¤
e0lw~si¨n©¤
e1balon e0balo/mhne1balej e0ba&loue1bale¨n© e0ba&letoe0ba&lomen e0balo/meqae0ba&lete e0ba&lesqee1balon e0ba&lonto
Subj
unct
ive
ba&lw ba&lwmaiba&lh|j ba&lh|ba&lh| ba&lhtaiba&lwmen balw&meqaba&lhte ba&lhsqeba&lwsi¨n© ba&lwntai
Opt
ativ
e
ba&loimi baloi/mhn baloi/hn baloi/mhnba&loij ba&loio baloi/hj baloi=oba&loi ba&loito baloi/h baloi=toba&loimen baloi/meqa baloi=men baloi/meqaba&loite ba&loisqe baloi=te baloi=sqeba&loien ba&lointo baloi=en baloi=nto
Impe
rativ
e
ba&le ¯ e1kbale ¦
balou= ¡
bale/tw bale/sqwba&lete ba&lesqebale/twsan bale/sqwnbalo/ntwn bale/sqwsan
Parti
c.
balw&n-o/ntoj¡
balo/menoj balw~n-ou=ntoj ¤
balou/menoj e0lw~n-w~ntoj¤
balou=sa-hj¡
balome/nh balou=sa-hj¤
baloume/nh e0lw~sa-hj¤
balo/n-o/ntoj ¡ balo/menon balou=n-ou=ntoj¡
balou/menon e0lw~n-w~ntoj¤
Inf balei=n ¡
bale/sqai ¡ balei=n¤
balei=sqai¤
e0la>~n¤
Principal partsPresent Future Aorist Perfect Perfect Pass. Aor Pass.
ba&llw balw~ e1balon be/blhka be/blhmai e0blh/qhn
46
e0lau/nw e0lw~ e0la%>~j
h1lasa e0lh/laka e0lh/lamai
h0la&qhn
a)neuri/skw, to discover, has a nonrecessive strong aorist after elision of an a from a)na&: a)neu=ron [Lk 2:16].
47
20 Root Aorists: bai/nw gi<nw&skw bio/w du</nw didra&skw a(li/skomai
LengthImperative a)na&ba> a)naba>&tw etc. We take the a to be long. [LS] gives Doric ba>~te. [WWG §755] gives poetic -ba> (and -sta>). -bate does not occur in NT or LXX (it would reveal the length of its a), though -ba&tw is
frequent the length does not affect accentuation, even in a)na&ba, since the accent cannot go further
back from the simplex
Nonrecessive formsThese are indicated by an ¥ in the paradigm of a)nabai/nw Subjunctive e.g. katabh= [Jn 4:47] Optative plural Participle in all genders e.g. a)naba>&j [Mt 15:29] Infinitive e.g. katabh=nai [Lk 3:22]
The imperative is recessive (and it does in any case occur two syllables back from the simplex verb), e.g. kata&bhqi [Mt 27:40], a)na&ba> [Rv 4:1], dia&bhte [Am 6:2]
Imperative of -bainw in a>a)na&ba> [Rv 4:1]kataba>&tw [Mt 27:42]
Verbs with a weak and root aoristfu</w
Aort e0fu<n=to grow (intransitive) Aowk e1fu<sa=to produce (transitive)
48
bai/nw a)nabai/nw gi<nw&skw bio/wgo go up know live
Indi
cativ
e
e1bhn a)ne/bhn e1gnwn e0bi/wne1bhj a)ne/bhj e1gnwj e0bi/wje1bh a)ne/bh e1gnw e0bi/we1bhmen a)ne/bhmen e1gnwmen e0bi/wmene1bhte a)ne/bhte e1gnwte e0bi/wtee1bhsan a)ne/bhsan e1gnwsan e0bi/wsan
Subj
unct
ive
bw~ a)nabw~ ¡ gnw~ biw~bh|=j a)nabh|=j ¡ gnw%~j biw%~jbh|= a)nabh|= ¡ gnw%~ biw%~bw~ben a)nabw~ben
¡gnw~men biw~men
bh=te a)nabh=te ¡ gnw~te biw~tebw~si¨n© a)nabw~si¨n©
¡gnw~si¨n© biw~si¨n©
Opt
ativ
e
bai/hn a)nabai/hn gnoi/hn biw&|hn (irreg)
bai/hj a)nabai/hj gnoi/hj biw&|hjbai/h a)nabai/h gnoi/h biw&|hbai=men¾ a)nabai=men ¾
¡gnoi=men ¾ biw~|men
bai=te ¾ a)nabai=te ¾ ¡ gnoi=te ¾ biw~|tebai=en ¾ a)nabai=en ¾ ¡ gnoi=en ¾ biw~|en
Impe
rativ
e
bh=qi -ba> a)na&bhqi a)na&ba>
gnw~qi bi/wqi
bh/tw -ba>&tw
a)nabh/tw a)naba>&tw
gnw&tw biw&tw
bh=te -ba>te
a)na&bhte a)na&ba>te
gnw~te bi/wte
ba>&twsan a)naba>&twsan gnw&twsan biw&twsanba&ntwn a)naba&ntwn gno/ntwn bio/ntwn
Parti
c.
ba>&j ba&ntoj
a)naba>&j ba&ntoj¡
gnou/j gno/ntoj biou/j bio/ntoj
ba>~sa ba>&shj
a)naba>~sa ba>&shj ¡
gnou=sa -hj biou=sa -hj
ba&n ba&ntoj a)naba&n ba&ntoj¡
gno/n gno/ntoj bio/n bio/ntoj
Inf bh=nai a)nabh=nai ¡ gnw~nai biw~nai
49
du</nw¯du</w a)po-didra&skw
a(li/skomai
sink, enter run away be captured
Indi
cativ
e
e1du<n a)p-e/dra>n e9a&lwne1du<j a)p-e/dra>j e9a&lwje1du< a)p-e/dra> e9a&lwe1du<men a)p-e/dra>men e9a&lwmene1du<te a)p-e/dra>te e9a&lwtee1du<san a)p-e/dra>san e9a&lwsan
Subj
unct
ive
du</w a)p-edrw~ a(lw~du</h|j a)p-edra%>~j a(lw%~jdu</h| a)p-edra%>~ a(lw%~du</wmen a)p-edrw~men a(lw~mendu</hte a)p-edra>~te a(lw~tedu</wsi¨n© a)p-
edrw~~si¨n©a(lw~si¨n©
Opt
ativ
e
»du<i/hn £ du</hn Homer½
a)p-edrai/hn a(loi/hn
a)p-edrai/hj a(loi/hjwanting in Attic a)p-edrai/h a(loi/h
a)p-edrai=men¾
a(loi=men¾
a)p-edrai=te¾
a(loi=te ¾
a)p-edrai=en¾
a(loi=en ¾
Impe
rativ
e
du<=qi a)po/-dra>qi a#lwqidu>/tw a)po-dra>&tw a(lw&twdu<=te a)po/-dra>te a(lw~tedu</twsan a)po-
dra>&twsana(lw&twsan
du/ntwn a)po-dra&ntwn a(lo/ntwn
Parti
c.
du</j du/ntoj a)po-dra>/j -a&ntoj
a(lou/j a(lo/ntoj
du<=sa -hj a)po-dra>=sa -a>&shj
a(lou=sa -hj
du/n du/ntoj a)po-dra&n -a&ntoj
a(lo/n a(lo/ntoj
Inf du<=nai a)po-dra>~nai a(lw~nai
NoteSome verbs have a weak and root aorist, which are transitive and intransitive respectively.
du</w, I sink e1du<sa, I sank (transitive) e1du<n, I sank (intransitive).fu</w, I grow e1fu<sa, I grew (transitive) e1fu<n, I grew (intransitive).
50
pni</gw, I choke e1pni<ca, I choked (transitive) e0pni^/ghn, I choked (intransitive).
51
21 Perfect and Pluperfect Passive: fula&ttw kru/ptw pei/qw kri</nw fai/nw ste/llw
Accommodation of ending to verb stemending:
stem:-mai -meqa -me/noj
-sai -tai -sqe -sqw -sqai
Palatal* kgx km gm xm £ gm
ks gs xs £ c kt gt xt £ kt ksq gsq xsq £ xq
Labial pbf pm bm fm £ mm
ps bs fs £ y pt bt ft £ pt psq bsq fsq £ fq
Dental tdqz tm dm qm zm £ sm
ts ds qs zs £ s tt dt qt zt £ st tsq dsq qsq zsq £ sq
- in n (1) nm £ m (n dropped)
ns £ s (n dropped)
nt £ t (n dropped)
nsq £ sq (n dropped)
- in n (2) nm£ sm ns (unaltered) nt (unaltered) nsqe £ nqe- in l lm ls lt lsqe £ lqe- in r rm rs rt rsqe £ rqe- in m nene/-mhmai nene/-mhsai nene/-mhtai nene/-mhsqe
Note how the accent reveals a vowel length:¬ lu</w £ lelu^/sqai¬ pra>&ttw £ pepra>~sqai
Meaningslu</w to loosen le/lu^mai I have been loosenedfula&ttw to guard pefu/lagmai I have been guardedkru/ptw to hide ke/krummai I have been hiddenpei/qw to persuade pe/peismai I have been persuadedkri</nw to judge ke/krimai I have been judgedfai/nw to show pe/fasmai I have been shown, i.e. exhibitedste/llw to send e1stalmai I have been sent
* Palatal: the consonants kgx are more accurately called velar.
52
Perfect/Pluperfect Passives fula&ttw kru/ptw pei/qwRegular verb Palatal* stem kgx Labial stem pbf Dental stem tdqz
gm ks¨c© kt xq mm ps¨y© pt fq sm (ss£s) st sqIn
dica
tive
le/lumai pefu/lagmai ke/krummai pe/peismaile/lusai pefu/lacai ke/kruyai pe/peisaile/lutai pefu/laktai ke/kruptai pe/peistailelu/meqa pefula&gmeqa kekru/mmeqa pepei/smeqale/lusqe pefu/laxqe ke/krufqe pe/peisqele/luntai ¨pefula&xatai© ¨kekru/fatai© ¨©
pefulagme/noi ei0si/¨n©
kekrumme/noi ei0si/¨n©
pepeisme/noi ei0si/¨n©
e0lelu/mhn e0pefula&gmhn e0kekru/mmhn e0pepei/smhne0le/luso e0pefu/laco e0ke/kruyo e0pe/peisoe0le/luto e0pefu/lakto e0ke/krupto e0pe/peistoe0lelu/meqa e0pefula&gmeqa e0kekru/mmeqa e0pepei/smeqae0le/lusqe e0pefu/laxqe e0ke/krufqe e0pe/peisqee0le/lunto ¨e0pefula&xato© ¨e0kekru/fato© ¨©
pefulagme/noi h]san
kekrumme/noi h]san
pepeisme/noi h]san
Subj
unct
ive
lelume/noj w} pefulagme/noj w} kekrumme/noj w} pepeisme/noj w}lelume/noj h|]j pefulagme/noj h|]j kekrumme/noj h|]j pepeisme/noj h|]jlelume/noj h|] pefulagme/noj h|] kekrumme/noj h|] pepeisme/noj h|]lelume/noi w}men pefulagme/noi
w}menkekrumme/noi w}men
pepeisme/noi w}men
lelume/noi h]te pefulagme/noi h]te
kekrumme/noi h]te
pepeisme/noi h]te
lelume/noi w}si¨n©
pefulagme/noi w}si¨n©
kekrumme/noi w}si¨n©
pepeisme/noi w}si¨n©
Opt
ativ
e
lelume/noj ei1hn pefulagme/noj ei1hn
kekrumme/noj ei1hn
pepeisme/noj ei1hn
lelume/noj ei1hj pefulagme/noj ei1hj
kekrumme/noj ei1hj
pepeisme/noj ei1hj
lelume/noj ei1h pefulagme/noj ei1h
kekrumme/noj ei1h
pepeisme/noj ei1h
lelume/noi ei]men pefulagme/noi ei]men
kekrumme/noi ei]men
pepeisme/noi ei]men
lelume/noi ei]te pefulagme/noi ei]te
kekrumme/noi ei]te
pepeisme/noi ei]te
lelume/noi ei]en pefulagme/noi ei]en
kekrumme/noi ei]en
pepeisme/noi ei]en
Impe
rativ
e le/luso pefu/laco ke/kruyo pe/peisolelu/sqw pefula&xqw kekru/fqw pepei/sqwle/lusqe pefu/laxqe ke/krufqe pe/peisqelelu/sqwsan pefula&xqwsan kekru/fqwsan pepei/sqwsanlelu/sqwn pefula&xqwn kekru/fqwn pepei/sqwn
Parti
c. lelume/noj pefulagme/noj kekrumme/noj pepeisme/nojlelume/nh pefulagme/nh kekrumme/nh pepeisme/nhlelume/non pefulagme/non kekrumme/non pepeisme/non
Inf lelu/sqai pefula&xqai kekru/fqai pepei=sqai
NotesA verb in -ttw¯-ssw may be of palatal* stem, e.g.
53
ta&ssw ta&cw e1taca te/ta`xa te/tagmai e1ta/xqhn¯e1ta`ghn
* Palatal: the consonants kgx are more accurately called velar.
54
Perfect/Pluperfect Passives kri</nw fai/nw ste/llwRegular verb Stem in n (1) Stem in n (2) Stem in l
nm ns nt nsq n-dropped
(nm£sm) ns nt (nsq£nq)
lsq£lqIn
dica
tive
le/lumai ke/krimai pe/fasmai e1stalmaile/lusai ke/krisai pe/fansai e1stalsaile/lutai ke/kritai pe/fantai e1staltailelu/meqa kekri/meqa pefa&smeqa e0sta&lmeqale/lusqe ke/krisqe pe/fanqe e1stalqele/luntai ¨© ¨© ¨©
kekrime/noi ei0si/¨n©
pefasme/noi ei0si/¨n©
e0stalme/noi ei0si/¨n©
e0lelu/mhn e0kekri/mhn e0pefa&smhn e0sta&lmhne0le/luso e0ke/kriso e0pe/fanso e1stalsoe0le/luto e0ke/krito e0pe/fanto e1staltoe0lelu/meqa e0kekri/mwqa e0pefa&smeqa e0sta&lmeqae0le/lusqe e0ke/krisqe e0pe/fanqe e1stalqee0le/lunto ¨© ¨© ¨©
kekrime/noi h]san pefasme/noi h]san e0stalme/noi h]san
Subj
unct
ive
lelume/noj w} kekrime/noj w} pefasme/noj w} e0stalme/noj w}lelume/noj h|]j kekrime/noj h|]j pefasme/noj h|]j e0stalme/noj h|]jlelume/noj h|] kekrime/noj h|] pefasme/noj h|] e0stalme/noj h|]lelume/noi w}men
kekrime/noi w}men pefasme/noi w}men e0stalme/noi w}men
lelume/noi h]te kekrime/noi h]te pefasme/noi h]te e0stalme/noi h]telelume/noi w}si¨n©
kekrime/noi w}si¨n©
pefasme/noi w}si¨n©
e0stalme/noi w}si¨n©
Opt
ativ
e
lelume/noj ei1hn
kekrime/noij ei1hn pefasme/noj ei1hn e0stalme/noj ei1hn
lelume/noj ei1hj
kekrime/noj ei1hj pefasme/noj ei1hj e0stalme/noj ei1hj
lelume/noj ei1h kekrime/noj ei1h pefasme/noj ei1h e0stalme/noj ei1hlelume/noi ei]men
kekrime/noi ei]men pefasme/noi ei]men e0stalme/noi ei]men
lelume/noi ei]te kekrime/noi ei]te pefasme/noi ei]te e0stalme/noi ei]te
lelume/noi ei]en
kekrime/noi ei]en pefasme/noi ei]en e0stalme/noi ei]en
Impe
rativ
e le/luso ke/kriso pe/fanso e1stalsolelu/sqw kekri/sqw pefa&nqw e0sta&lqwle/lusqe ke/krisqe pe/fanqe e1stalqelelu/sqwsan kekri/sqwsan pefa&nqwsan e0sta&lqwsanlelu/sqwn kekri/sqwn pefa&nqwn e0sta&lqwn
Parti
c. lelume/noj kekrime/noj pefasme/noj e0stalme/nojlelume/nh kekrime/nh pefasme/nh e0stalme/nhlelume/non kekrime/non pefasme/non e0stalme/non
Inf lelu/sqai kekri/sqai pefa&nqai e0sta&lqai
Notes Some nasals show some variations in Koiné:
55
miai/nw defile memi/ammai ¯ memi/asmai
double m as if labial stem
chrai/nw wither e0ch/rammai ¯ e0ch/rasmai
double m as if labial stem
The form pe/fantai (cf. e0ch/rantai, it has withered, Mk 11:20), is 3 singular, not 3 plural.
56
22 Verb oi]da [Doric i1shmi], to knowoi1da to know
Perfect / Pluperfect (form) FutureClassical Koiné (Hb 8:11)
Indi
cativ
e
oi]da ¦ ei1somai ei0dh/swoi]daj ¦ oi]sqa ¦ ei1sh|¯ei1sei ei0dh/seijoi]de¨n© ¦ ei1setai ei0dh/seioi1damen i1smen ¦ ei0so/meqa ei0dh/somenoi1date i1ste ¦ Hb 12:17
ei1sesqe ei0dh/sete
oi1da>si¨n© i1sa>si¨n© ei1sontai ei0dh/sousi¨n©h|1dein h|1dhh|1deij h|1dhsqah|1dei h|1dei¨n©h|1deimen h]|smenh|1deite h]|steh|1de¨i©san h]|san
Subj
unct
ive
ei0dw~ei0dh|=jei0dh|=ei0dw~menei0dh=teei0dw~si¨n©
Opt
ativ
e
ei0dei/hn ei0soi/mhnei0dei/hj ei1soioei0dei/h ei1soitoei0dei=men ¾ ¡ ei0soi/meqaei0dei=te ¾ ¡ ei1soisqeei0dei=en ¾ ¡ ei1sointo
Impe
raiv
e i1sqi ¦i1stwi1ste ¦i1stwsan
Cl. i1stwn
Parti
c. ei0dw&j -o/toj ¡ ei0so/menojei0dui=a -a>j ¡ ei0some/nhnei0do/j -o/toj ¡ ei0so/menon
Inf ei0de/nai ¡ ei1sesqai
Forms which are coincidental with other verbsh]|san 3PlImInAc ei0mi/i1sqi^ 2SgPrIvAc ei0mi/
57
su/noida to share in knowledgePerfect / Pluperfect (form)
Indi
cativ
e
su/noida ¦su/noidaj ¦ su/noisqa¦su/noide¨n© ¦
su/nismen ¦su/niste ¦
Subj
unct
ive
Opt
ativ
eIm
pera
tive su/nisqi ¦
su/niste ¦
Cl.
Parti
c.
Inf
58
23 Notes on -mi verbsAccentuation: as in all verbs The accent cannot go further back than the augment:
- a)fh=ken AowkInAc a)fi</hmi leave [Mt 8:14]- suni</hmi£sunh=ke [2S 12:19] understand- pa&reimi£parh=n [Es 9:1] be present- e0fei=to AostrInMd e0fi/<hmi Mid=enjoin [TY p.130, text line 4]
In all compound verbs, the accent cannot go further back than the second syllable of a disyllabic prefix:- e0piti/qhmi£e0pi/qej [Gn 48:18] lay upon; a)na&sta [Ac 12:11]
Many forms that are always nonrecessive (as previously exhibited):- The Perfect Infinitive Active has an acute on the penultimate: leluke/nai, dedwke/nai- The Perfect Infinitive Passive has an acute on the penultimate: lelu/sqai, dedo/sqai- The Aorist Infinitive Passive has a circumflex on the penultimate: luqh=nai, doqh=nai- The Aorist Subjunctive Passive is nonrecessive: luqw~, doqw~- The Aorist Participle Passive is nonrecessive: luqei/j, doqei/j- The Perfect Participle Active is nonrecessive: lelukw&j, dedwkw&j- The Perfect Participle Passive is nonrecessive: lelume/noj, dedome/noj- The Future Participle Active Neuter Singular Nom/Acc is nonrecessive: a)polu=son,
a)podw~son
As in all Strong Aorist conjugations: nonrecessive forms The Strong Aorist Infinitive Middle has an accent on the penultimate:- a)podo/sqai AostrIfMd of a)podi/dwmi Mid=sell [2Esd 20:32]
As in all Root Aorist conjugations: nonrecessive forms- The Subjunctive a)postw~- The Optative a)postai=men- The Participle in all gendersa)posta>&j, a)posta>~sa, a)posta&n- The Infinitive a)posth=naiCompare bai/nw£e1bhn
59
All -mi verbs: nonrecessive forms
The Strong Aorist Subjunctive Active has circumflex on the long vowel:- a)nasth=| (¢a)ni/sthmi) [Mt 17:9]- a)fw~men (¢a)fi</hmi leave) [Jn 11:48]- a)fh=te (¢a)fi</hmi forgive) [Mt 6:14]
The Present Participle Active is nonrecessive in all genders: - parw&n parou=sa paro/n, didou/j didou=sa dido/n, tiqei/j tiqei=sa
tiqe/n, i9sta>&j i9sta>~sa i9sta&n, deiknu</j deiknu<=sa deiknu/n, a)pollu</j a)pollu<=sa a)pollu/n
- suni<e/ntoj PrPcAc (¢suni</hmi understand) [Mt 13:19]
The Strong Aorist Active Participle is nonrecessive:- a)nasta>&j [Mk 16:9]; a)fe/ntej (¢a)fi</hmi leave) [Mt 4:20]
The Present Infinitive Active has an acute on the penultimate:- parei]nai, tiqe/nai, deiknu/nai
The accent cannot go beyond the verbal part of infinitives and participles:- a)podou/j, a)podo/sqai [NH p244]
Note how a vowel length is revealed by i9sta`&nai, deiknu^/nai.
Verb ei0mi/ (see paradigm of pa&reimi ¯ a!peimi): nonrecessive forms
- The Imperfect Indicative (Active form) is nonrecessive (2Sg, 3Sg, 2Pl, 3Pl): parh=san [Lk 13:1]
- (As for all -mi verbs), the Present Participle (Active form) is nonrecessive: parw&n - The Present Optative (Active form) is nonrecessive (1/2/3 Pl): e0nei=men [NH Ex55 nr3]- (As for all -mi verbs), the Present Infinitive (Active form) is nonrecessive: ei]nai- The Future Indicative (Passive form): pare/stai [WWG §806]
N.B. Recessive forms of ei0mi/- The Present Indicative (Active form): a!peimi [Cl 2:5]- The Present Imperative (Active form): a!pisqi- The Future Optative pare/soito [NH p48]- The Future Infinitive (Passive form): e1sesqai
60
Verbs ti/qhmi di/dwmi i<3sthmi i<3hmi7
As for all verbs: nonrecessive forms: <see previous pages>
As in all Strong Aorist conjugations: nonrecessive forms: <see previous pages>
As in all Root Aorist conjugations: nonrecessive forms: <see previous pages>applies to a)pe/sthn
All -mi verbs: nonrecessive forms: <see previous pages>
Non-generic forms of these verbs: nonrecessive forms The Present Subjunctive Active has a circumflex accent on the long vowel:
didw~men (like parw~men (¢pa&reimi); unlike deiknu/wmen, a)pollu/wmen)
The Present Optative Active has an accent on the oi diphthong: didoi=men (like parei=men (¢pa&reimi); unlike deiknu/oimen, a)pollu/oimen)
The Present Subjunctive Passive has an accent on the long vowel: didw~mai (unlike du/nwmai, deiknu/wmai, a)pollu/wmai)
The Present Optative Passive has an accent on the oi diphthong: didoi=o (unlike du/naio, deiknu/oio, a)pollu/oio)
The Strong Aorist Subjunctive Middle is nonrecessive:a)podw~mai (unlike a)po/lwmai)
The Strong Aorist Optative Middle is nonrecessive:proei=to [WWG §810], (unlike a)po/loito)
The Strong Perfect Indicative 3Plural of i3sthmi is nonrecessive: e9sta>~si¨n© The Strong Perfect Subjunctive of i3sthmi has an accent on the long vowel: e9stw~men The Strong Perfect Optative of i3sthmi has an accent on the ai diphthong: e9stai=en
[WWG §133.2] compounds of do/j, e3j, qe/j (and sxe/j) are paroxytone, a)po/doj, [Mt 18:28] (and para&sxej)
[WWG §133.3, NH p244] Monosyllabic second (i.e. strong) aorist imperatives in -ou have recessive accent when compounded with a disyllabic preposition:- kata&qou put down- a)po/dou sellotherwise the -ou takes a circumflex e0nqou= put in.
The verb i<3hmi has many nonrecessive forms; they are marked ¡ in the paradigm of a)fi</hmi.
61
Verbs du/namai e0pi/stamai kre/mamai7 The Present Subjunctive (Passive form) is recessive: du/nwmai (like deiknu/wmai, a)pollu/wmai; unlike didw~mai, i9stw~mai) The Present Optative (Passive form) is recessive: du/naio (like deiknu/oio, a)pollu/oio; unlike didoi=o, i9stai=o)
Verbs dei/knu<mi a)po/llu<mi7 The Present Subjunctive Active is recessive:
deiknu/wmen, a)pollu/wmen (unlike didw~men, parw~men (¢pa&reimi)) The Present Optative Active is recessive:
deiknu/oimen, a)pollu/oimen (unlike didoi=men, parei=men (¢pa&reimi)) The Present Subjunctive Passive is recessive: deiknu/wmai, a)pollu/wmai (like du/nwmai; unlike didw~mai, i9stw~mai) The Present Optative Passive is recessive: deiknu/oio, a)pollu/oio (like du/naio; unlike didoi=o, i9stai=o).
The Strong Aorist Subjunctive Middle is recessive: a)po/lwmai (unlike a)podw~mai) The Strong Aorist Optative Middle is recessive:
a)po/loito (unlike proei=to)
Verb pri/amai (As with du/namai, e0pi/stamai, kre/mamai) the Aorist Subjunctive, Optative and
Infinitive (Deponent Middle) are recessive (pri/wmai, pri/aio, pri/asqai).
Some recessive forms of ti/qhmi di/dwmi i<3sthmi i<3hmi dei/knu<mi a)po/llu<mi type verbs
- Present Imperative 2Pl. a)po/dote [Mt 22:21], a)po/llu<te- Present Infinitive M/P di/dosqai (as lu</esqai)
62
24 Verbs ei0mi/ pa&reimi ei]mi a!peimiei0mi/ to be pa&reimi to be
presentei]mi will go a!peimi will go
awayIn
dica
tive
ei0mi/ pa&rpeimi ¦ ei]mi a!peimi ¦ei] pa&rei ¦ ei] a!pei ¦e0sti/¨n© pa&resti¨n© ¦ ei]si¨n© a!peisi¨n© ¦e0sme/n pa&resmen ¦ i1men a!pimen ¦e0ste/ pa&reste ¦ i1te a!pite ¦ei0si//¨n© pa&reisi¨n© ¦ i1a>si¨n© a)pi/a>si¨n©¦h1mhn ¯ h] ¯ h]n parh/mhn h]|a a)ph=|a ¡h]sqa ¯ h]j parh=|sqa ¡ h1|eisqa¯h1|
eija)ph/|eisqa¯a)ph/|eij
h]n parh=n ¡ h1|ei¨n© a)ph|/ei¨n©h1meqa ¯ h]men parh/meqa h]|men a)ph=|men ¡h]te ¯ h]ste parh=te ¡ h]|te a)ph=|te ¡h]san parh=san ¡ h]|san ¯ h1|
esana)ph|=san ¡
Subj
unct
ive
w} parw~ ¡ i1w a)pi/wh|]j parh|=j ¡ i1h|j a)pi/h|jh|] parh=| ¡ i1h| a)pi/h|w}men parw~men ¡ i1wmen a)pi/wmenh]te parh=te ¡ i1hte a)pi/htew}si¨n© parw~si¨n© ¡ i1wsi¨n© a)pi/wsi¨n©
Opt
ativ
e
ei1hn parei/hn i1oimi a)pi/oimiei1hj parei/hj i1oij a)pi/oijei1h parei/h i1oi a)pi/oiei]men¾ parei=men ¾ ¡ i1oimen a)pi/oimenei]te ¾ parei=te ¾ ¡ i1oite a)pi/oiteei]en¯ei]san¯ei1hsan
parei=en ¾ ¡* i1oien a)pi/oien
Impe
raiv
e
i1sqi^ pa&pisqi^ ¦ i^1qi^ a!pi^qi^ ¦e1stw ¯ h1tw1C
16:22pare/stw i1tw a)pi/tw
e1ste pa&reste ¦ i1te a!pite ¦e1stwsan ¯ h1st- pare/stwsan i1twsan a)pi/twsan
Cl. e1stwn ¯ o1ntwn pare/stwn i0o/ntwn a)pio/ntwn
Parti
c.
w!n o1ntoj parw&n paro/ntoj¡
i0w&n i0o/ntoj a)piw&n a)pio/ntoj¡
ou]sa ou1shj parou=sa parou/shj¡
i0ou=sa i0ou/shj
a)piou=sa a)piou/shj¡
o1n o1ntoj paro/n paro/ntoj ¡ i0o/n i0o/ntoj a)pio/n a)pio/ntoj¡
Inf ei]nai parei=nai¡
i0e/nai a)pie/nai¡
Forms which are coincidental with other verbsh]|san 3PlPpInAc oi]dai1sqi^ 2SgPrIvAc oi]da
Notes
* There are variations in the accentuation of optatives of compound verbs, and recessive forms such as pa/reien are found.
63
25 Verbs fhmi/ ka&qhmai kei=mai du/namai pri/amaifhmi/ to say ka&qhmai to
sitkei=mai to lie
du/namai can
pri/amai buy
Indi
cativ
e
fhmi/ ka&qhmai kei=mai du/namaifh|/j ¯ fh/j ka&qhsai kei=sai du/nasaifhsi/¨n© ka&qhtai kei=tai du/nataifame/n kaqh&meqa kei/meqa duna&meqafate/ ka&qhsqe kei=sqe du/nasqefa>si//¨n© ka&qhntai kei=ntai du/nantai Aoriste1fhn e0kaqh/mhn e0kei/mhn e0duna&mhn
¯ h0d-e0pria&mhn
e1fhsqa¯e1fhj
e0ka&qhso e1keiso e0du/nw e0pri/w
e1fh e0ka&qhto e1keito e0du/nato e0pri/atoe1famen e0kaqh/meqa e0kei/meqa e0duna&meq
ae0pria&meqa
e1fate e0ka&qhsqe e1keisqe e0du/nasqe e0pri/asqee1fasan e0ka&qhnto e1keinto e0du/nanto e0pri/anto
Subj
unct
ive
fw~ kaqw~mai du/nwmai¦!
pri/wmai ¦!
fh|=j kaqh=| du/nh| ¦! pri/h| ¦!fh|= kaqh=tai ke/htai
[WWG]du/nhtai
¦!pri/htai ¦!
fw~men kaqw&meqa dunw&meqa priw&meqafh=te kaqh=sqe ke/hsqe
[WWG]du/nhsqe
¦!pri/hsqe ¦!
fw~si¨n© kaqw~ntai du/nwntai¦!
pri/wntai ¦!
Opt
ativ
e
fai/hn kaqoi/mhn dunai/mhn priai/mhnfai/hj kaqoi=o du/naio ¦! pri/aio ¦!fai/h kaqoi=to ke/oito
[WWG]du/naito
¦!pri/aito ¦!
fai=men¾ kaqoi/meqa dunai/meqa priai/meqafai=te ¾ kaqoi=sqe du/naisqe
¦!pri/aisqe ¦!
fai=en¾ kaqoi=nto du/nainto¦!
pri/ainto ¦!
Impe
raiv
e
fa`qi^/¯fa`&qi^
ka&qhso ¯ ka&qou
kei=so du/naso pri/w
fa&tw kaqh/sqw kei/sqw duna&sqw pria&sqwfa&te ka&qhsqe kei=sqe du/nasqe pri/asqefa&twsan kaqh/sqwsan kei/sqwn duna&sqwsa
npria&sqwn
Cl. fa&ntwn kaqh/sqwn kei/sqwsan duna&sqwn pria&sqwsan
Parti
c.
fa>&j fa&ntoj kaqh/menoj kei/menoj duna&menoj pria&menojfa>~sa fa>&shj
kaqhme/nh keime/nh duname/nh priame/nh
fa&n fa&ntoj kaqh/menon kei/menon duna&menon pria&menonInf fa&nai kaqh=sqai kei=sqai du/nasqai
(reg.)pri/asqai ¦!
64
26 Future of Verbs ei0mi/ ei]miei0mi/ to be pa&reimi to be present ei]mi will go a!peimi will go
away
Future
Indi
cativ
e
e1somai pare/somai present tense present tensee1sh| ¯ e1sei pare/sh| ¯ pare/sei form has form hase1stai pare/stai ¡ [1S 9:6]
pa&restai ¦ [NH 112:10]future sense future sense
e0so/meqa pareso/meqae1sesqe [Ac 1:8] pare/sesqe for pres. sense for pres. sensee1sontai pare/sontai use e1rxomai use a)pe/rxomai
Opt e0soi/mhn paresoi/mhnpare/soito
Ptc e0so/menoj pareso/menojInf e1sesqai pare/sesqai
AoristInd h]lqon a)ph=lqon
PerfectInd e0lh/luqa a)pelh/luqaPc pote w}n
pro/teroj w}n [1T 1:13]
pro/teroj w}n = having been formerly
65
Future and aorist of verbs fhmi/ ka&qhmai kei=mai du/namai pri/amai
fhmi/ to say ka&qhmai to sit
kei=mai to lie
du/namai can
pri/amai buy
Future
Indi
cativ
e
fh/sw kaqh/somai kei/somai dunh/somai ¨w)nh/somai©
fh/seij kaqh/sh| ¯ -ei kei/sh| ¯ -ei dunh/sh| ¯ -eifh/sei kaqh/setai kei/setai dunh/setaifh/somen kaqhso/meqa keiso/meqa dunhso/
meqafh/sete kaqh/sesqe kei/sesqe dunh/sesqefh/sousi¨n© kaqh/sontai kei/sontai dunh/sontai
Opt fh/soimi kaqh/soimi kei/soimi dunh/soimi e0pria&mhnPtc fh/swn kaqhso/
menojkeiso/menoj dunhso/
menoj see previous
Inf fh/sein kaqh/sesqai kei/sesqai dunh/sesqai table
AoristInd e1fhsa h0dunh/qhn
¯ e0-h0dunhsa&mhn
PerfectIndPc
66
27 Verb di/dwmi, to givePresent / Imperfect Aorist
active middle/pass active (root/str/weak) middle (strong/weak) passiveIn
dica
tive
di/dwmi di/domaidi/dwj di/dosaidi/dwsi¨n© di/dotaidi/domen dido/meqadi/dote di/dosqedido/a>si¨n©*1
di/dontai
e0di/doun e0dido/mhn
»e1dwn½e1dwka
e0do//mhne0dwka&mhn
e0do/qhn
e0di/douj e0di/doso »e1dwj½e1dwkaj
e1dou¯e1doso e0dw&kw
e0do/qhj
e0di/dou e0di/doto*4 »e1dw½
e1dwke¨n©
e1dotoe0dw&kato
e0do/qh
e0di/domen
e0dido/meqa
e1domen
e0dw&kamen
e0do/meqa
e0dwka&meqa
e0do/qhmen
e0di/dote e0di/dosqe e1dote
e0dw&kate
e1dosqee0dw&kasqe
e0do/qhte
e0di/dosan*2
e0di/donto e1dosane1dwkan
e1dontoe0dw&kanto
e0do/qhsan
Subj
unct
ive
didw~ didw~mai dw~ dw~mai doqw~didw%~j didw%~ dw%~j ¯doi=j dw%~ doqh=|jdidw~| didw~tai dw~|
¯doi=¯dw&h| *5dw~tai doqh=|
didw~men didw&meqa
dw~men dw&meqa doqw~men
didw~te didw~sqe dw~te dw~sqe doqh=tedidw~si¨n©
didw~ntai dw~si¨n© dw~ntai doqw~si¨n©
Opt
ativ
e
didoi/hn didoi/mhn doi/hn doi/mhn doqei/hndidoi/hj didoi=o doi/hj doi=o doqei/hjdidoi/h didoi=to doi/h ¯dw%&h doi=to doqei/hdidoi=men
¾didoi/meqa doi=men ¾ doi/meqa doqei=me
n ¾didoi=te
¾didoi=sqe doi=te ¾ doi=sqe doqei=te
¾didoi=en
¾didoi=nto doi=en ¾ doi=nto doqei=en
¾
Impe
rativ
e
di/dou¯di/doqi
di/doso do/j dou= ¯ do/so do/qhti
dido/tw dido/sqw do/tw do/sqw doqh/twdi/dote di/dosqe do/te do/sqe do/qhtedido/twsan dido/
sqwsando/twsan do/sqwsan doqh/
twsandido/ntwn dido/sqwn do/ntwn do/sqwn doqe/ntwn
Parti didou/j-o/
ntojdido/menoj dou/j-o/ntoj do/menoj doqei/j
-e/ntoj
67
c.didou=sa -hj
didome/nh dou=sa -hj dome/nh doqei=sa -hj
dido/n -o/ntoj
dido/menon
do/n -o/ntoj do/menon doqe/n -e/ntoj
Inf dido/nai*3 di/dosqai dou=nai do/sqai doqh=nai
Alternative forms Co-incidental forms with participles*1 or didou=si¨n© dw&sousi¨n
©FuInAc3Pl or FuPcAcM/NDtPl
*2 or e0di/doun [~Ac 4:33, 27:1]
dido/ntwn PrIvAc3Pl or PrPcAcM/NGnPl
*3 or didou=n [Rv 22:2] do/ntwn AoIvAc3Plor AoPcAcM/NGnPl*4 or e0di/deto [Ac 4:35] doqe/ntwn AoIvPa3Pl or AoPcPaM/NGnPl*5 or dw/sh| [Jn 17:2]
68
Perfect / Pluperfect Futureactive middle/pass active middle passive
Indi
cativ
e
de/dwka de/domai dw&sw dw&somai doqh/somaide/dwkaj de/dosai dw&seij dw&sh|
¯dw&seidoqh/sh| ¯ -ei
de/dwke¨n© de/dotai dw&sei dw&setai doqh/setaidedw&kamen dedo/meqa dw&somen dwso/meqa dedwso/
meqadedw&kate de/dosqe dw&sete dw&sesqe doqh/sesqededw&ka>si¨n©
de/dontai dw&sousi¨n©
dw&sontai doqh/sontai
e0dedw&kein¿
e0dedo/mhn
e0dedw&keij¿
e0de/doso
e0dedw&kei¿
e0de/doto
e0dedw&keimen ¿
e0dedo/meqa
e0dedw&keite¿
e0de/dosqe
e0dedw&keisan¿
e0de/donto
Subj
unct
ive
dedw&kw dedome/noj w}dedw&kh|j dedome/noj
h|]jdedw&kh| dedome/noj h|]dedw&kwmen dedome/noi
w}mendedw&khte dedome/noi
h]tededw&kwsi¨n© dedome/noi
w}si¨n©
Opt
ativ
e
dedw&koimi dedome/noj ei1hn
dw&soimi dwsoi/mhn doqhsoi/mhn
dedw&koij dedome/noj ei1hj
dw&soij dw&soio doqh/soio
dedw&koi dedome/noj ei1h
dw&soi dw&soito doqh/soito
dedw&koimen dedome/noi ei]men
dw&soimen
dwsoi/meqa
doqhsoi/meqa
dedw&koite dedome/noi ei]te
dw&soite dw&soisqe doqh/soisqe
dedw&koien dedome/noi ei]en
dw&soien dw&sointo doqh/sointo
Impe
rativ
e
de/dwke de/dosodedwke/tw dedo/sqwdedw&kete de/dosqededwke/twsan dedo/sqwsandedwko/tej e1stwn
dedo/sqwn
69
Parti
c.dedwkw&j -o/toj dedome/noj dw&swn -
ontojdwso/menoj
doqhso/menoj
dedwkui=a -a>j dedome/nh dw&sousa -hj
dwsome/nh doqhsome/nh
dedwko/j -o/toj dedome/non dw~son -ontoj
dwso/menon
doqhso/menon
Inf dedwke/nai dedo/sqai dw&sein dw&sesqai doqh/sesqai
70
28 Verb ti/qhmi, to putPresent / Imperfect Aorist
active middle/pass active (str/weak) middle (strong/weak) passiveIn
dica
tive
ti/qhmi ti/qemaiti/qhj ti/qesaiti/qhsi¨n© ti/qetaiti/qemen tiqe/meqati/qete ti/qesqetiqe/a>si¨n©*1
ti/qentai
e0ti/qhn e0tiqe/mhn
»e1qhn½e1qhka
e0qe//mhne0qhka&mhn
e0te/qhn
e0ti/qeij e0ti/qeso »e1qhj½e1qhkaj
e1qou¯e1qesoe0qh/kw
e0te/qhj
e0ti/qei e0ti/qeto »e1qh½
e1qhke¨n©
e1qetoe0qh/kato
e0te/qh
e0ti/qemen e0tiqe/meqa
e1qemen
e0qh/kamen
e0qe/meqa
e0qhka&meqa
e0te/qhmen
e0ti/qete e0ti/qesqe e1qete
e0qh/kate
e1qesqee0qh/kasqe
e0te/qhte
e0ti/qesan*2 e0ti/qento e1qesane1qhkan
e1qentoe0qh/kanto
e0te/qhsan
Subj
unct
ive
tiqw~ tiqw~mai qw~ qw~mai teqw~tiqh|=j tiqh|= qh|=j qh|= teqh|=jtiqh=| tiqh=tai qh=| qh=tai teqh|=tiqw~men tiqw&meq
aqw~men qw&meqa teqw~men
tiqh=te tiqh=sqe qh=te qh=sqe teqh=tetiqw~si¨n© tiqw~ntai qw~si¨n© qw~ntai teqw~si¨n
©
Opt
ativ
e
tiqei/hn tiqei/mhn qei/hn qei/mhn teqei/hntiqei/hj tiqei=o qei/hj qei=o teqei/hjtiqei/h tiqei=to qei/h qei=to teqei/htiqei=men
¾tiqei/meqa qei=men ¾ qei/meqa teqei=men
¾tiqei=te ¾ tiqei=sqe qei=te ¾ qei=sqe teqei=te
¾tiqei=en ¾ tiqei=nto qei=en ¾ qei=nto teqei=en
¾
Impe
rativ
e
ti/qei ti/qeso qe/j qou= ¯ qe/so te/qhtitiqe/tw tiqe/sqw qe/tw qe/sqw teqh/twti/qete ti/qesqe qe/te qe/sqe te/qhtetiqe/twsan tiqe/
sqwsanqe/twsan qe/sqwsan teqh/twsan
tiqe/ntwn tiqe/sqwn qe/ntwn qe/sqwn teqe/ntwn
Parti
c. tiqei/j -e/ntoj tiqe/menoj qei/j -e/ntoj qe/menoj teqei/j -e/ntoj
tiqei=sa -hj tiqeme/nh qei=sa -hj qeme/nh teqei=sa -hj
71
Cla
ssic
alPp
f.Ind
.Act
e0te
qei/k
he0
teqe
i/khj
e0te
qei/k
ei¨n
©
Perf
. Act
ive
te/q
eike
¨n©
tiqe/n -e/ntoj tiqe/menon
qe/n -e/ntoj qe/menon teqe/n -e/ntoj
Inf tiqe/nai ti/qesqai qei=nai qe/sqai teqh=nai
Alternative forms*1 or tiqei=si¨n© *2 or e0ti/qoun [Ac 3:2,
8:17]
Co-incidental forms with participlesqh/sousi¨n© FuInAc3Pl or FuPcAcM/NDtPltiqe/ntwn PrIvAc3Pl or PrPcAcM/NGnPlqe/ntwn AoIvAc3Plor AoPcAcM/NGnPlteqe/ntwn AoIvPa3Pl or AoPcPaM/NGnPl
It is instructive to identify whether the te in the forms of this verb are part of the root teqh/somai, e0te/qhn (future and aorist passive) reduplication te/qhka , e0teqh/kein (perfect and pluperfect) part of a prepositional prefix mete/qhka (aorist active, from metati/qhmi [Hb 11:5])
Perf
. Act
ive
te/q
eike
¨n©
72
Perfect / Pluperfect Futureactive middle/pass active middle passive
Indi
cativ
e
te/qhka ¯te/qeika
te/qeimai qh/sw qh/somai teqh/somai
te/qhkaj te/qeisai qh/seij qh/sh| ¯ qh/sei
teqh/sh| ¯ -ei
te/qhke¨n© te/qeitai qh/sei qh/setai teqh/setaiteqh/kamen teqei/meqa qh/somen qhso/meqa teqhso/
meqateqh/kate te/qeisqe qh/sete qh/sesqe teqh/sesqeteqh/ka>si¨n© te/qeintai qh/
sousi¨n©qh/sontai teqh/sontai
e0teqh/kein¿
e0teqei/mhn
e0teqh/keij¿
e0te/qeiso
e0teqh/kei¿
e0te/qeito
e0teqh/keimen¿
e0teqei/meqa
e0teqh/keite¿
e0te/qeisqe
e0teqh/keisan¿
e0te/qeinto
Subj
unct
ive
teqh/kw teqeime/noj w}teqh/kh|j teqeime/noj h|]jteqh/kh| teqeime/noj h|]teqh/kwmen teqeime/noi
w}menteqh/khte teqeime/noi
h]teteqh/kwsi¨n© teqeime/noi
w}si¨n©
Opt
ativ
e
teqh/koimi teqeime/noj ei1hn
qh/soimi qhsoi/mhn teqhsoi/mhn
teqh/koij teqeime/noj ei1hj
qh/soij qh/soio teqh/soio
teqh/koi teqeime/noj ei1h
qh/soi qh/soito teqh/soito
teqh/koimen teqeime/noi ei]men
qh/soimen qhsoi/meqa
teqhsoi/meqa
teqh/koite teqeime/noi ei]te
qh/soite qh/soisqe teqh/soisqe
teqh/koien teqeime/noi ei]en
qh/soien qh/sointo teqh/sointo
Impe
rativ
e
te/qhke te/qeisoteqhke/tw teqei/sqwteqh/kete te/qeisqeteqhke/twsan teqei/sqwsanteqhko/tej e1stwn
teqei/sqwn
73
Parti
c.teqhkw&j -o/toj teqeime/noj qh/swn -
ontojqhso/menoj
teqhso/menoj
teqhkui=a -a>j teqeime/nh qh/sousa -hj
qhsome/nh teqhsome/nh
teqhko/j -o/toj teqeime/non qh=son -ontoj
qhso/menon
teqhso/menon
Inf
teqhke/nai teqei=sqai qh/sein qh/sesqai teqh/sesqai
74
29 Verb i3sthmi, to standPresent / Imperfect Aorist
active middle/pass weak active weak middle strong active passivetransitive M=act of
standingtransitive transitive intransitive passive sense,
I make / was making stand
P=I am being placed
I made stand I made stand for myself
past state*1
I stoodI was made to stand (placed)
Koine + intr Koine + intr
Indi
cativ
e
i3sthmi i3stamaii3sthj i3stasaii3sthsi¨n© i3stataii3stamen i9sta&meq
ai3state i3stasqei9sta>~si¨n©
i3stantai
i<3sthn i<9sta&mhn
e1sthsa e0sthsa&mhn
e1sthn e0sta&qhn
i<3sthj i<3staso e1sthsaj e0sth/sw e1sthj e0sta&qhji<3sth i<3stato e1sthse¨n© e0sth/sato e1sth e0sta&qhi<3stamen i<9sta&me
qae0sth/samen
e0sthsa&meqa
e1sthmen e0sta&qhmen
i<3state i<3stasqe e0sth/sate e0sth/sasqe e1sthte e0sta&qhtei<3stasan i<3stanto e1sthsan e0sth/santo e1sthsan e0sta&qhsa
n
Subj
unct
ive
i9stw~ i9stw~mai sth/sw sth/swmai stw~ staqw~i9sth=|j i9sth=| sth/sh|j sth/sh| 3x sth=|j staqh|=ji9sth=| i9sth=tai sth/sh| 3x sth/shtai sth=| staqh|=i9stw~men
i9stw&meqa
sth/swmen sthsw&meqa stw~men staqw~men
i9sth=te i9sth=sqe sth/shte sth/shsqe sth=te staqh=tei9stw~si¨n©
i9stw~ntai sth/swsi¨n© sth/swntai stw~si¨n© staqw~si¨n©
Opt
ativ
e
i9stai/hn i9stai/mhn sth/saimi sthsai/mhn stai/hn staqei/hni9stai/hj i9stai=o sth/seiaj ¾ sth/saio stai/hj staqei/hji9stai/h i9stai=to sth/seie¨n©
¾sth/saito stai/h staqei/h
i9stai=men ¾
i9stai/meqa sth/saimen sthsai/meqa stai=men¾ staqei=men ¾
i9stai=te¾
i9stai=sqe sth/saite sth/saisqe stai=te ¾ staqei=te¾
i9stai=en¾
i9stai=nto sth/seian¾
sth/sainto stai=en ¾ staqei=en¾
Impe
rativ
e
i3sth¯i3staqi
i3staso sth=son sth=sai sth=qi ¯ ¨-sta©
sta&qhti
i9sta&tw i9sta&sqw sthsa&tw sthsa&sqw sth/tw staqh/twi3state i3stasqe sth/sate sth/sasqe sth=te sta&qhtei9sta&twsan
i9sta&sqwsan
sthsa&twsan
sthsa&sqwsan
sth/twsan staqh/twsan
i9sta&ntwn
i9sta&sqwn sthsa&ntwn sthsa&sqwn sta&ntwn staqe/ntwn
Parti
c i9sta>&j-a&ntoj
i9sta&menoj
sth/sa>j-antoj
sthsa&menoj
sta>&j-a&ntoj staqei/j-e/ntoj
75
.i9sta>~sa-hj
i9stame/nh sth/sa>sa-hj sthsame/nh sta>~sa-hj staqei=sa-hj
i9sta&n-a&ntoj
i9sta&menon
sth=san-antoj
sthsa&menon
sta&n-a&ntoj staqe/n-e/ntoj
Inf i9sta&nai i3stasqai sth=sai sth/sasqai sth=nai staqh=nai
Co-incidental forms with participlesi3sta>si¨n© PrInAc3Pl or FuPcAcM/NDtPlsth/sousi¨n© FuInAc3Pl or FuPcAcM/NDtPli9sta&ntwn PrIvAc3Pl or PrPcAcM/NGnPlsta&ntwn AoIvAc3Pl or AoPcAcM/NGnPlstaqe/ntwn AoIvPa3Pl or AoPcPaM/NGnPle9stw~si¨n© 2ndPfSjAc3Pl or 2ndPfPcAcM/NDtPl
Note*1 In Jn 11:31 taxe/wj a)ne/sth (she quickly got up) is clearly the act of standing up.
76
Perfect / Pluperfect Future1st active (weak) 2nd active (str) active middle passiveintransitivepresent state
intransitivepresent state
transitive I will be in the act of standing
passive sense
I am / was standing I am /was standing
I will make stand
+intr, a)nasth/somai = I will rise
I will be made to stand
Koine + intr
Indi
cativ
e
e3sthka - sth/sw sth/somai staqh/somaie3sthkaj - sth/seij sth/sh| 3x ¯ sth/sei staqh/sh| ¯ -
eie3sthke¨n© - sth/sei sth/setai staqh/setaie9sth/kamen e3stamen sth/somen sthso/meqa staqhso/
meqae9sth/kate e3state 3x sth/sete sth/sesqe staqh/sesqee9sth/ka>si¨n© e9sta>~si¨
n©sth/sousi¨n©
sth/sontai staqh/sontai
ei9sth/kein ¯ e9s-¿
-
ei9sth/keij ¿ -ei9sth/kei ¿ -ei9sth/keimen
¿e3stamen
ei9sth/keite ¿ e3state 3xei9sth/keisan ¿ e3stasan
Subj
unct
ive
e9sth/kw / e9sthkw&j w}
e9stw~
e9sth/kh|j / etc. e9sth=|je9sth/kh| / e9sth=|e9sth/kwmen / e9stw~me
ne9sth/khte / e9sth=tee9sth/kwsi¨n© / e9stw~si¨n
©
Opt
ativ
e
e9sth/koimi e9stai/hn sth/soimi sthsoi/mhn staqhsoi/mhn
e9sth/koij e9stai/hj sth/soij sth/soio staqh/soioe9sth/koi e9stai/h sth/soi sth/soito staqh/soitoe9sth/koimen e9stai=me
n ¾sth/soimen sthsoi/meqa staqhsoi/
meqae9sth/koite e9stai=te
¾sth/soite sth/soisqe staqh/soisqe
e9sth/koien e9stai=en¾
sth/soien sth/sointo staqh/sointo
Impe
rativ
e
e3sthke e3staqie9sthke/tw e9sta&twe9sth/kete e3state 3xe9sthke/twsan e9sta&ntw
ne9sthko/tej e1stwn
e9sta&twsan
77
Parti
c.e9sthkw&j-o/toj e9stw&j-
w~tojsth/swn-ontoj sthso/menoj staqhso/
menoje9sthkui=a-a>j e9stw~sa-
hjsth/sousa-hj sthsome/nh staqhsome/
nhe9sthko/j-o/toj e9sto/
j¯w&j*2sth~son-ontoj
sthso/menon staqhso/menon
Inf e9sthke/nai*1 e9sta&nai sth/sein sth/sesqai staqh/sesqai
Notes*1 e9stake/nai [Ac 8:11, (in a compound)]*2 2ndPfPcAcNeGeSg always=e9stw~tojCl. Fut Perf (intr, future in sense): e9sth/cw e9sth/ceij e9sth/cei e9sth/comen e9sth/cete e9sth/cousi¨n©Hints
1. i9st is present / imperfect (all moods)2. e0st is aorist indicative (but not the other moods)3. e9st is perfect (all moods)4. ei9st is pluperfect (only the indicative is applicable to the pluperfect)5. st- is found in some aorist forms and all future forms
78
30 Compound Verb of i3sthmi (+di/dwmi, ti/qhmi): a)fi/sthmi, to stand away
Present / Imperfect Weak Aoristactive middle/pass weak active weak middle
Indi
cativ
e
a)fi/sthmi a)fi/stamaia)fi/sthj a)fi/stasaia)fi/sthsi¨n© a)fi/stataia)fi/stamen a)fista&meqaa)fi/state a)fi/stasqea)fista>~si¨n© a)fi/stantaia)fi</sthn a)fi</
sta&mhna)pe/sthsa a)pesthsa&mhn
a)fi</sthj a)fi</staso a)pe/sthsaj a)pesth/swa)fi</sth a)fi</stato a)pe/sthse¨n© a)pesth/satoa)fi</stamen a)fi</
sta&meqaa)pesth/samen a)pesthsa&meq
aa)fi</state a)fi</stasqe a)pesth/sate a)pesth/sasqea)fi</stasan a)fi</stanto a)pe/sthsan a)pesth/santo
Subj
unct
ive
a)fistw~ ¡ a)fistw~mai¡
a)posth/sw a)posth/swmai
a)fisth=|j ¡ a)fisth=|¡
a)posth/sh|j a)posth/sh|
a)fisth=| ¡ a)fisth=tai ¡ a)posth/sh| a)posth/shtaia)fistw~men ¡ a)fistw&meqa a)posth/swmen a)posthsw&meq
aa)fisth=te ¡ a)fisth=sqe
¡a)posth/shte a)posth/shsqe
a)fistw~si¨n© ¡ a)fistw~ntai ¡ a)posth/swsi¨n© a)posth/swntai
Opt
ativ
e
a)fistai/hn a)fistai/mhn a)posth/saimi a)posthsai/mhna)fistai/hj a)fistai=o ¡ a)posth/seiaj ¾ ¦ a)posth/saioa)fistai/h a)fistai=to ¡ a)posth/seie¨n© ¾
¦a)posth/saito
a)fistai=men ¾ ¡ a)fistai/meqa a)posth/saimen a)posthsai/meqa
a)fistai=te ¾ ¡ a)fistai=sqe¡
a)posth/saite a)posth/saisqe
a)fistai=en ¾ ¡ a)fistai=nto ¡ a)posth/seian ¾ a)posth/sainto
Impe
rativ
e
a)fi/sth¯a)fi/staqi a)fi/staso a)po/sthson¦
a)po/sthsai ¦
a)fista&tw a)fista&sqw a)posthsa&tw a)posthsa&sqwa)fi/state a)fi/stasqe a)posth/sate a)posth/sasqea)fista&twsan a)fista&sqwsa
na)posthsa&twsan a)posthsa&sqws
ana)fista&ntwn a)fista&sqwn a)posthsa&ntwn a)posthsa&sqwn
Parti
c.
a)fista>&j-a&ntoj ¡ a)fista&menoj a)posth/sa>j-antoj a)posthsa&menoj
a)fista>~sa-hj ¡ a)fistame/nh a)posth/sa>sa-hj a)posthsame/nha)fista&n-a&ntoj ¡ a)fista&meno
na)posth=san-antoj
¡a)posthsa&menon
Inf a)fista&nai ¡ a)fi/stasqai a)posth=sai¡
a)posth/sasqai
79
80
Strong Aoriststrong (better: root) act strong middle passive / intransitive
Indi
cativ
e
(cf. bai/nw) [TY p.164] ¨a)podi/dwmi©
a)pe/sthn a)pedo//mhn a)pesta&qhna)pe/sthj a)pe/dou ¯ a)pe/doso a)pesta&qhja)pe/sth a)pe/doto a)pesta&qha)pe/sthmen a)pedo/meqa a)pesta&qhmena)pe/sthte a)pe/dosqe a)pesta&qhtea)pe/sthsan a)pe/donto a)pesta&qhsan
Subj
unct
ive
a)postw~ ¡ a)podw~mai ¡ a)postaqw~¡
a)posth=|j ¡ a)podw%~ ¡ a)postaqh|=j¡
a)posth=| ¡ [2C 12:8] a)podw~tai ¡ [Ex 21:7]
a)postaqh|=¡
a)postw~men ¡ a)podw&meqa a)postaqw~men¡
a)posth=te ¡ a)podw~sqe ¡ a)postaqh=te¡
a)postw~si¨n© ¡ a)podw~ntai ¡ a)postaqw~si¨n©¡
Opt
ativ
e
a)postai/hn a)podoi/mhn a)postaqei/hna)postai/hj a)podoi=o ¡ a)postaqei/hja)postai/h a)podoi=to ¡ a)postaqei/ha)postai=men ¾ ¡ a)podoi/meqa a)postaqei=men
¾ ¡a)postai=te ¾ ¡ a)podoi=sqe ¡ a)postaqei=te ¾
¡a)postai=en ¾ ¡ a)podoi=nto ¡ a)postaqei=en
¾ ¡
Impe
rativ
e
a)po/sta ¡ e0pi/doj pro/sqej
a)po/dou ¯ e0kdou=¡
a)posta&qhti
a)posth/tw a)podo/sqw a)postaqh/twa)po/sthte [Lk 13:27]1 a)po/dosqe [~Cl 3:8] a)posta&qhtea)posth/twsan a)podo/sqwsan a)postaqh/twsana)posta&ntwn a)podo/sqwn a)postaqe/ntwn
Parti
c.
a)posta>&j-a&ntoj ¡ a)podo/menoj a)postaqei/j-e/ntoj¡
a)posta>~sa-hj ¡ a)podome/nh a)postaqei=sa-hj¡
a)posta&n-a&ntoj ¡ a)podo/menon a)postaqe/n-e/ntoj¡
Inf a)posth=nai ¡ [~Mt 5:39] a)podo/qai ¡ a)postaqh=nai¡
1Similarly a)po/dote [Rv 18:6]
81
82
Perfect / Pluperfect1st active 2nd active pass. (a)podi/dwmi)
Indi
cativ
e
a)fe/sthka - a)pode/domaia)fe/sthkaj - a)pode/dosaia)fe/sthke¨n© - a)pode/dotaia)festh/kamen a)fe/stamen a)podedo/meqaa)festh/kate a)fe/state a)pode/dosqea)festh/ka>si¨n© a)festa>~si¨n©¡ a)pode/dontaia)feisth/kein ¯ a)fes-
¿- a)pededo/mhn
a)feisth/keij ¿ - a)pede/dosoa)feisth/kei ¿ - a)pede/dotoa)feisth/keimen
¿a)fe/stamen a)pededo/meqa
a)feisth/keite¿
a)fe/state a)pede/dosqe
a)feisth/keisan¿
a)fe/stasan a)pede/donto
Subj
unct
ive
a)festh/kw a)festw~ ¡ a)podedome/noj w}
a)festh/kh|j a)festh=|j ¡ a)podedome/noj h|]j
a)festh/kh| a)festh=| ¡ a)podedome/noj h|]
a)festh/kwmen a)festw~men ¡ a)podedome/noi w}men
a)festh/khte a)festh=te ¡ a)podedome/noi h]te
a)festh/kwsi¨n© a)festw~si¨n© ¡ a)podedome/noi w}si¨n©
Opt
ativ
e
a)festh/koimi a)festai/hn a)podedome/noj ei1hn
a)festh/koij ¦ a)festai/hj a)podedome/noj ei1hj
a)festh/koi ¦ a)festai/h a)podedome/noj ei1h
a)festh/koimen a)festai=men¾ ¡ a)podedome/noi ei]men
a)festh/koite a)festai=te ¾ ¡ a)podedome/noi ei]te
a)festh/koien a)festai=en ¾ ¡ a)podedome/noi ei]en
Impe
rativ
e a)fe/sthke a)fe/staqi a)pode/dosoa)festhke/tw a)festa&tw a)podedo/sqwa)festh/kete a)fe/state a)pode/dosqea)festhke/twsan a)festa&ntwn a)podedo/sqwsana)festhko/tej e1stwn a)festa&twsan a)podedo/sqwn
Parti
c.
a)festhkw&j-o/toj ¡ a)festw&j-w~toj ¡ a)podedome/noj¡
a)festhkui=a-a>j ¡ a)festw~sa-hj ¡ a)podedome/nh-me/nai ¡
83
a)festhko/j-o/toj ¡ a)festo/j¯w&j ¡ a)podedome/non¡
Inf a)festhke/nai ¡ a)festa&nai ¡ a)podedo/sqai¡
84
Futureactive middle passive / intransitive
Indi
cativ
e
a)posth/sw a)posth/somai a)postaqh/somaia)posth/seij a)posth/sh| ¯ -
eia)postaqh/sh| ¯ -ei
a)posth/sei a)posth/setai a)postaqh/setaia)posth/somen a)posthso/
meqaa)postaqhso/meqa
a)posth/sete a)posth/sesqe a)postaqh/sesqea)posth/sousi¨n©
a)posth/sontai a)postaqh/sontai
Subj
unct
ive
Opt
ativ
e
a)posth/soimi a)posthsoi/mhn
a)postaqhsoi/mhn
a)posth/soij ¦ a)posth/soio a)postaqh/soioa)posth/soi ¦ a)posth/soito a)postaqh/soitoa)posth/soimen a)posthsoi/
meqaa)postaqhsoi/meqa
a)posth/soite a)posth/soisqe
a)postaqh/soisqe
a)posth/soien a)posth/sointo a)postaqh/sointo
Impe
rativ
ePa
rtic.
a)posth/swn-ontoj a)posthso/menoj
a)postaqhso/menoj
a)posth/sousa-hj a)posthsome/nh
a)postaqhsome/nh
a)posth~son-ontoj ¡
a)posthso/menon
a)postaqhso/menon
Inf a)posth/sein a)posth/sesqai
a)postaqh/sesqai
85
31 Verb i<3hmi, to sendPresent / Imperfect Aorist
active middle/pass active (str/weak) middle (strong)
passive
Indi
cativ
e
i<3hmi i<3emaii<3hj i<3esaii<3hsi¨n© i<3etaii<3emen i<9e/
meqai<3ete 3x i<3esqe
3xi<9a>~si¨n© »i<9e/a>si¨n©½
i<3entai
i<3hn i<9e/mhn »h[n½ h[ka ei3mhn3x ei3qhn ¯ e3qhn
i<3eij -hj i<3eso ¯ i<3ou
»h[j½ h[kaj ei[so 3x ei3qhj ¯ etc.
i<3ei -h i<3eto »h[½h[ke¨n©
ei[to 3x ei3qh
i<3emen i<9e/meqa
ei[men
h3kamen
ei3meqa4x ei3qhmen
i<3ete 3x i<3esqe3x
ei[te h3kate ei[sqe 5x ei3qhte
i<3esan i<3ento ei[san h[kan ei[nto 3x ei3qhsan
Subj
unct
ive
i<9w~ i<9w~mai
w{ w{mai e9qw~
i<9h|=j i<9h|= h|[j h|[ e9qh|=ji<9h=| i<9h=tai h[| h[tai e9qh|=i<9w~men i<9w&me
qaw{men w#meqa e9qw~me
ni<9h=te i<9h=sqe h[te h[sqe e9qh=tei<9w~si¨n© i<9w~nta
iw{si¨n© w{ntai e9qw~si¨n
©
Opt
ativ
e
i<9ei/hn i<9ei/mhn
ei3hn ei3mhn3x e9qei/hn
i<9ei/hj i<9ei=o ei3hj ei[o e9qei/hji<9ei/h i<9ei=to ei3h ei[to 3x e9qei/hi<9ei=men ¾ i<9ei/
meqaei[men¾ ei3meqa4x e9qei=me
n ¾i<9ei=te¾ i<0ei=sq
eei[te ¾ ei[sqe 5x e9qei=te¾
i<9ei=en ¾ i<9ei=nto ei[en ¾ ei[nto 3x e9qei=en¾
Impe
rativ
e
i<3ei ¯ i<3eqi i<3eso e3j ou[ ¯ e3so e3qhtii<9e/tw i<9e/sqw e3tw e3sqw e9qh/twi<3ete 3x i<3esqe
3xe3te e3sqe e3qhte
i<9e/twsan i<9e/sqwsan
e3twsan e3sqwsan e9qh/twsan
i<9e/ntwn i<9e/sqwn
e3ntwn e3sqwn e9qe/ntwn
86
Parti
c.
i<9ei/j i<9e/ntoj i<9e/menoj
ei3j e3ntoj e3menoj e9qei/j -e/ntoj
i<9ei=sa i<9ei/shj
i<9eme/nh
ei[sa ei3shj e9me/nh e9qei=sa -hj
i<9e/n i<9e/ntoj i<9e/menon
e3n e3ntoj e3menon e9qe/n -e/ntoj
Inf
i<9e/nai i<3esqai ei[nai e3sqai e9qh=nai
Co-incidental forms with participlesi<9e/ntwn PrIvAc3Pl or PrPcAcM/NGnPle3ntwn AoIvAc3Pl or AoPcAcM/NGnPle9qe/ntwn AoIvPa3Pl or AoPcPaM/NGnPlh3sousi¨n© FuInAc3Pl or FuPcAcM/NDtPl
87
Perfect / Pluperfect Futureactive middle/pass active middle passive
Indi
cativ
e
ei[ka ei[mai ¯ e3wmai
h3sw h3somai e9qh/somai
ei[kaj ei[sai ¯ etc. h3seij h3sh| ¯ h3sei
e9qh/sh| ¯ -ei
ei[ke¨n© ei[tai h3sei h3setai e9qh/setaiei3kamen ei3meqa4x h3somen h9so/
meqae9qhso/meqa
ei3kate ei[sqe 5x h3sete h3sesqe e9qh/sesqeei3ka>si¨n© ei[ntai h3sousi¨n
©h3sontai e9qh/sontai
ei3kein ¯ ei3kh ei3mhn3xei3keij ¯ ei3khj ei[so 3xei3kei ¯
ei3kei¨n©ei[to 3x
ei3keimen ¯ ei3kemen
ei3meqa4x
ei3keite ¯ ei3kete ei[sqe 5xei3keisan ¯ ei3kesan
ei[nto 3x
Subj
unct
ive
ei3kw ei9me/noj w}ei3kh|j ei9me/noj h|]jei3kh| ei9me/noj h|]ei3kwmen ei9me/noi
w}menei3khte ei9me/noi
h]teei3kwsi¨n© ei9me/noi
w}si¨n©
Opt
ativ
e
ei3koimi ei9me/noj ei1hn
h3soimi h9soi/mhn e9qhsoi/mhn
ei3koij ei9me/noj ei1hj
h3soij h3soio e9qh/soio
ei3koi ei9me/noj ei1h
h3soi h3soito e9qh/soito
ei3koimen ei9me/noi ei]men
h3soimen h9soi/meqa
e9qhsoi/meqa
ei3koite ei9me/noi ei]te
h3soite h3soisqe e9qh/soisqe
ei3koien ei9me/noi ei]en
h3soien h3sointo e9qh/sointo
Impe
rativ
e ei[ke ei[so 3xei9ke/tw ei3sqwei3kete ei[sqe 5xei9ke/twsan ei3sqwsanei9ko/tej e1stwn ei3sqwn
Parti
c.
ei9kw&j -o/toj ei9me/noj h3swn -ontoj
h9so/menoj
e9qhso/menoj
ei9kui=a -a>j ei9me/nh h3sousa -hj h9some/nh
e9qhsome/nh
88
ei9ko/j -o/toj ei9me/non h[son -ontoj h9so/menon
e9qhso/menon
Inf ei9ke/nai ei[sqai h3sein h3sesqai e9qh/sesqai
89
32 Compound of i<3hmi: a)fi</hmi, to leavePresent / Imperfect Aorist
active middle/pass active (str/weak) middle (strong) passive
Indi
cativ
e
a)fi</hmi a)fi</emaia)fi</hj a)fi</esaia)fi</hsi¨n© a)fi</etaia)fi</emen a)fi<e/
meqaa)fi</ete a)fi</esqea)fi</a>si¨n© a)fi</entaia)fi</hn a)fi<e/mhn »a)fh=n½ ¡
a)fh=ka ¡a)fei/mhn a)fei/
qhn¯a)fe/qhna)fi</eij a)fi</
eso¯a)fi</ou
»a)fh=j½ ¡a)fh=kaj ¡
a)fei=so ¡ a)fei/qhj¯etc.
a)fi</ei a)fi</eto »a)fh=½ ¡
a)fh=ke¨n©¡
a)fei=to ¡ a)fei/qh
a)fi</emen a)fi<e/meqa
a)fei=men¡a)fh/kamen
a)fei/meqa a)fei/qhmen
a)fi</ete a)fi</esqe a)fei=te ¡a)fh/kate
a)fei=sqe ¡ a)fei/qhte
a)fi</esan a)fi</ento a)fei=san¡a)fh=kan ¡
a)fei=nto ¡ a)fei/qhsan
Subj
unct
ive
a)fi<w~ ¡ a)fi<w~mai¡
a)fw~ ¡ a)fw~mai ¡ a)feqw~ ¡
a)fi<h|=j¡
a)fi<h|=¡
a)fh|=j ¡ a)fh|= ¡ a)feqh|=j¡
a)fi<h=| ¡ a)fi<h=tai¡
a)fh=| ¡ a)fh=tai ¡ a)feqh|=¡
a)fi<w~men¡
a)fi<w&meqa
a)fw~men ¡ a)fw&meqa a)feqw~men¡
a)fi<h=te¡
a)fi<h=sqe¡
a)fh=te ¡ a)fh=sqe ¡ a)feqh=te¡
a)fi<w~si¨n©¡
a)fi<w~ntai¡
a)fw~si¨n© ¡ a)fw~ntai ¡ a)feqw~si¨n©¡
Opt
ativ
e
a)fi<ei/hn a)fi<ei/mhn a)fei/hn a)fei/mhn a)feqei/hna)fi<ei/hj a)fi<ei=o
¡a)fei/hj a)fei=o ¡ a)feqei/hj
a)fi<ei/h a)fi<ei=to¡
a)fei/h a)fei=to ¡ a)feqei/h
a)fi<ei=men¾¡
a)fi<ei/meqa
a)fei=men ¾¡ a)fei/meqa a)feqei=men¾¡
a)fi<ei=te ¾¡
a)fi<ei=sqe¡
a)fei=te ¾¡ a)fei=sqe ¡ a)feqei=te ¾¡
a)fi<ei=en¾¡
a)fi<ei=nto¡
a)fei=en ¾¡ a)fei=nto ¡ a)feqei=en ¾¡
Impe
rat.
a)fi</ei ¯ a)fi</eqi
a)fi</eso a!fej a)fou= ¡ ¯ a!feso
a)fe/qhti
a)fi<e/tw a)fi<e/sqw a)fe/tw a)fe/sqw a)feqh/twa)fi/<ete a)fi</esqe a!fete a!fesqe a)fe/qhtea)fi<e/twsan a)fi<e/
sqwsana)fe/twsan a)fe/sqwsan a)feqh/twsan
90
a)fi<e/ntwn a)fi<e/sqwn a)fe/ntwn a)fe/sqwn a)feqe/ntwn
Parti
c.a)fi<ei/j -i<e/ntoj ¡
a)fi<e/menoj
a)fei/j -e/ntoj ¡ a)fe/menoj a)feqei/j -e/ntoj¡
a)fi<ei=sa -i<ei/shj ¡
a)fi<eme/nh
a)fei=sa -ei/shj ¡ a)feme/nh a)feqei=sa -hj¡
a)fi<e/n -i<e/ntoj ¡
a)fi<e/menon
a)fe/n -e/ntoj ¡ a)fe/menon a)feqe/n -e/ntoj¡
Inf a)fi<e/nai¡
a)fi</esqai a)fei=nai ¡ a)fe/sqai ¡ a)feqh=nai¡
The verb a)nh/kw to be fitting has imperfect a)nh=kon, a)nh=kej, a)nh=hke¨n©, where this 3Sg form is identical to the aorist of a)ni</hmi.Various forms of a new verb a)fi/w occur:a)fi/omen [only non-ñ] 3S Pres Indic Acta)fi/ousin [only non-ñ] 3P Pres Indic Acta)fi/ontai [only non-ñ] 3P Pres Indic Midh1fien [Mk 1:34 ñ] 3S Impf Indic Act
91
Perfect / Pluperfect Futureactive middle/pass active middle passive
Indi
cativ
e
a)fei=ka ¡ a)fei=mai ¡¯ a)fe/wmai
a)fh/sw a)fh/somai a)feqh/somai
a)fei=kaj ¡ a)fei=sai ¡¯ a)fe/wsai
a)fh/seij a)fh/sh| ¯-h/sei
a)feqh/sh| ¯-ei
a)fei=ke¨n© ¡ a)fei=tai ¡ ¯ a)fe/wtai
a)fh/sei a)fh/setai a)feqh/setai
a)fei/kamen a)fei/meqa ¯ a)few&meqa
a)fh/somen a)fhso/meqa
a)feqhso/meqa
a)fei/kate a)fei=sqe ¡ ¯ a)fe/wsqe
a)fh/sete a)fh/sesqe a)feqh/sesqe
a)fei/ka>si¨n© a)fei=ntai ¡ ¯ a)fe/wntai
a)fh/sousi¨n©
a)fh/sontai a)feqh/sontai
a)fei/kein ¯-ei/kh
a)fei/mhn
a)fei/keij ¯ etc. a)fei=so ¡a)fei/kei ¯ a)fei=to ¡a)fei/keimen ¯ a)fei/meqaa)fei/keite ¯ a)fei=sqe ¡a)fei/keisan¯ a)fei=nto ¡
Subj
unct
ive
a)fei/kw a)feime/noj w}a)fei/kh|j a)feime/noj h|]ja)fei/kh| a)feime/noj h|]a)fei/kwmen a)feime/noi w}mena)fei/khte a)feime/noi h]tea)fei/kwsi¨n© a)feime/noi w}si¨n©
Opt
ativ
e
a)fei/koimi a)feime/noj ei1hn a)fh/soimi a)fhsoi/mhn a)feqhsoi/mhn
a)fei/koij a)feime/noj ei1hj a)fh/soij a)fh/soio a)feqh/soioa)fei/koi a)feime/noj ei1h a)fh/soi a)fh/soito a)feqh/soitoa)fei/koimen a)feime/noi ei]men a)fh/soimen a)fhsoi/
meqaa)feqhsoi/meqa
a)fei/koite a)feime/noi ei]te a)fh/soite a)fh/soisqe a)feqh/soisqe
a)fei/koien a)feime/noi ei]en a)fh/soien a)fh/sointo a)feqh/sointo
Impe
rativ
e
a)fei=ke ¡?
a)fei=so ¡?
a)feike/tw a)fei/sqwa)fei/kete a)fei=sqe ¡?a)feike/twsan a)fei/sqwsana)feiko/tej e1stwn
a)fei/sqwn
Parti
c.
a)feikw&j -o/toj¡ a)feime/noj ¡ a)fh/swn -ontoj
a)fhso/menoj
a)feqhso/menoj
a)feikui=a -a>j¡
a)feime/nh ¡ a)fh/sousa -hj a)fhsome/nh
a)feqhsome/nh
a)feiko/j -o/toj ¡ a)feime/non ¡ a)fh=son -ontoj¡
a)fhso/menon
a)feqhso/menon
92
Inf a)feike/nai ¡ a)fei=sqai ¡ a)fh/sein a)fh/sesqai a)feqh/sesqai
93
33 Verb dei/knu<mi, to showPresent / Imperfect
active middle/pass Principal parts
Indi
cativ
e
dei/knu<mi dei/knu^mai dei/knu<midei/knu<j dei/knusai dei/cwdei/knu<si¨n©
dei/knutai e1deica
dei/knu^men
deiknu/meqa de/deixa
dei/knu^te dei/knusqe de/deigmaideiknu^/a><si¨n©
dei/knuntai e0dei/xqhn
e0dei/knu<n e0deiknu^/mhn
e0dei/knu<j e0dei/knusoe0dei/knu< e0dei/knutoe0dei/knu^men
e0deiknu/meqa
e0dei/knu^te
e0dei/knusqe
e0dei/knu^san
e0dei/knunto
Subj
unct
ive
deiknu^/w deiknu^/wmai
deiknu/h|j deiknu/h||deiknu/h| deiknu/htaideiknu/wmen
deiknuw&meqa
deiknu/hte deiknu/hsqedeiknu/wsi¨n©
deiknu/wntai
Opt
ativ
e
deiknu^/oimi
deiknu^oi/mhn
deiknu/oij deiknu/oiodeiknu/oi deiknu/oitodeiknu/oimen
deiknuoi/meqa
deiknu/oite deiknu/oisqedeiknu/oien deiknu/ointo
Impe
rativ
e
dei/knu< dei/knu^sodeiknu^/tw deiknu/sqwdei/knu^te dei/knusqedeiknu^/twsan
deiknu/sqwsan
deiknu^/ntwn
deiknu/sqwn
Parti
c.
deiknu</j-u/ntoj
deiknu^/menoj
deiknu<=sa-shj
deiknume/nh
deiknu^/n-u/ntoj
deiknu/menon
94
Inf deiknu^/nai dei/knu^sqai
Co-incidental forms with participlesdei/knu<si¨n© PrInAc3Pl deiknu<=si¨n©
PrPcAcM/NDtPldei/cousi¨n© FuInAc3Pl or FuPcAcM/NDtPldeiknu^/ntwn PrIvAc3Pl or PrPcAcM/NGnPldeica&ntwn AoIvAc3Pl or AoPcAcM/NGnPldeixqhn/twn AoIvPa3Pl or AoPcPa M/NGnPl
95
Intentionally blank
96
34 Verb a)po/llu<mi, to destroy / wastePresent / Imperfect
active middle/passtransitive intransitivedestroy perish
Indi
cativ
e
a)po/llu<mi a)po/llu^maia)po/llu<j a)po/llusaia)po/llu<si¨n©
a)po/llutai
a)po/llu^men a)pollu/meqaa)po/llu^te a)po/llusqea)pollu^/a><si¨n©
a)po/lluntai
a)pw&llu<n a)pwllu^/mhn
a)pw&llu<j a)pw&llusoa)pw&llu< a)pw&llutoa)pw&llu^men
a)pwllu/meqa
a)pw&llu^te a)pw&llusqea)pw&llu^san
a)pw&llunto
Subj
unct
ive
a)pollu^/w a)pollu^/wmai
a)pollu/h|j a)pollu/h||a)pollu/h| a)pollu/htaia)pollu/wmen a)polluw&me
qaa)pollu/hte a)pollu/hsqea)pollu/wsi¨n©
a)pollu/wntai
Opt
ativ
e
a)pollu^/oimi a)pollu^oi/mhn
a)pollu/oij a)pollu/oioa)pollu/oi a)pollu/oitoa)pollu/oimen a)polluoi/
meqaa)pollu/oite a)pollu/oisqea)pollu/oien a)pollu/ointo
Impe
rativ
e
a)po/llu< a)po/llu^soa)pollu^/tw a)pollu/sqwa)po/llu^te a)po/llusqea)pollu^/twsan
a)pollu/sqwsan
a)pollu^/ntwn
a)pollu/sqwn
Parti
c.
a)pollu</j-u/ntoj
a)pollu^/menoj
a)pollu<=sa-shj
a)pollume/nh
a)pollu^/n-u/ntoj
a)pollu/menon
97
Inf a)pollu^/nai a)po/llu^sqai
Co-incidental forms with participlesa)po/llu<si¨n© ¯ a)pollu<=si¨n©
PrInAc3Pl or PrPcAcM/NDtPl
a)pole/sousi¨n© FuInAc3Pl or FuPcAcM/NDtPla)pollu^/ntwn PrIvAc3Pl or PrPcAcM/NGnPla)polesa&ntwn AoIvAc3Pl or AoPcAcM/NGnPla)polesqhn/twn AoIvPa3Pl or AoPcPaM/NGnPl
98
Aoristweak active weak middle
only minority text
strong middle passive
transitive intransitive*
destroyed perished was destroyed
Indi
cativ
e
a)pw&lesa a)pwlesa&mhn a)pwlo/mhn a)pwle/sqhna)pw&lesaj a)pwle/sw a)pw&lou a)pwle/sqhja)pw&lese¨n© a)pwle/sato a)pw&leto a)pwle/sqha)pwle/samen a)pwlesa&meq
aa)pwlo/meqa a)pwle/sqhmen
a)pwle/sate a)pwle/sasqe a)pw&lesqe a)pwle/sqhtea)pw&lesan a)pwle/santo a)pw&lonto a)pwle/sqhsan
Subj
unct
ive
a)pole/sw a)pole/swmai a)po/lwmai a)polesqw~a)pole/sh|j a)pole/sh| a)po/lh| a)polesqh|=ja)pole/sh| a)pole/shtai a)po/lhtai a)polesqh|=a)pole/swmen a)polesw&meq
aa)polw&meqa a)polesqwmen~
a)pole/shte a)pole/shsqe a)po/lhsqe a)polesqh=tea)pole/swsi¨n©
a)pole/swntai a)po/lwntai a)polesqw~si¨n©
Opt
ativ
e
a)pole/saimi a)polesai/mhn a)poloi/mhn a)polesqei/hna)pole/seiaj ¾ a)pole/saio a)po/loio a)polesqei/hja)pole/seie¨n©¾
a)pole/saito a)po/loito a)polesqei/h
a)pole/saimen a)polesai/meqa a)poloi/meqa a)polesqei=men¾
a)pole/saite a)pole/sasqe a)po/loisqe a)polesqei=te¾
a)pole/seian ¾ a)pole/sainto a)po/lointo a)polesqei=en
¾
Impe
rativ
e
a)po/leson a)po/lesai a)polou= a)pole/sqhtia)polesa&tw a)polesa&sqw a)pole/sqw a)polesqh/twa)pole/sate a)pole/sasqe a)po/lesqe a)pole/sqhtea)polesa&twsan
a)polesa&sqwsan
a)pole/qwn a)polesqh/twsan
a)polesa&ntwn a)polesa&sqwn a)pole/sqwsan a)polesqhn/twn
Parti
c.
a)pole/sa>j-antoj
a)polesa&menoj
a)polo/menoj a)polesqei/j-entoj
a)pole/sa>sa-hj
a)polesame/nh a)polome/nh a)polesqei=sa-hj
a)pole/san-antoj
a)polesa&menon
a)polo/menon a)polesqe/n-entoj
Inf a)pole/sai a)pole/sasqai a)pole/sqai a)polesqh=nai
99
* The strong middle aorist is used in a passive sense in 1C 10:9, were destroyed.
100
Perfect1st active 2nd activetransitive intransitivehave destroyed have perished
Indi
cativ
e
a)polw&leka a)po/lwlaa)polw&lekaj a)po/lwlaja)polw&leke¨n© a)po/lwle¨n©a)polwle/kamen a)polw&lamena)polwle/kate a)polw&latea)polwle/ka>si¨n© a)polw&la>si¨n©a)pwlwle/kein ¿ a)pwlw&lein ¿a)pwlwle/keij ¿ a)pwlw&leij ¿a)pwlwle/kei ¿ a)pwlw&lei ¿a)pwlwle/keimen ¿ a)pwlw&leimen ¿a)pwlwle/keite ¿ a)pwlw&leite ¿a)pwlwle/keisan ¿ a)pwlw&leisan ¿
Subj
unct
ive
a)polwle/kw a)polwlw~a)polwle/kh|j a)polwlh=|ja)polwle/kh| a)polwlh=|a)polwle/kwmen a)polwlw~mena)polwle/khte a)polwlh=tea)polwle/kwsi¨n© a)polwlw~si¨n©
Opt
ativ
e
a)polwle/koimi a)polwlai/hna)polwle/koij a)polwlai/hja)polwle/koi a)polwlai/ha)polwle/koimen a)polwlai=men
¾a)polwle/koite a)polwlai=te ¾a)polwle/koien a)polwlai=en ¾
Impe
rativ
e
a)polwleke a)polw&laqia)polwleke/tw a)polwla&twa)polwle/kete a)polw&latea)polwleke/twsan a)polwla&twsana)polwleko/tej e1stwn
a)polwlo/tej e1stwn
Parti
c. a)polwlekw&j-o/toj a)polwlw&j-o/toja)polwlekui=a-a>j a)polwlw~sa-hja)polwleko/j-o/toj a)polwlo/j-o/toj
Inf a)polwleke/nai a)polwle/nai
101
Futureactive - Attic active - sigmatic middle - Attic passivetransitive intransitivewill destroy will perish will be destroyed
Indi
cativ
e
a)polw~ a)pole/sw a)polou=mai
a)polesqh/somai
a)polei=j a)pole/seij a)polei= a)polesqh/sh| ¯-ei
a)polei= a)pole/sei a)polei=tai a)polesqh/setaia)polou=men a)pole/somen a)polou/
meqaa)polesqhso/meqa
a)polei=te a)pole/sete a)polei=sqe a)polesqh/sesqea)polou=si¨n©
a)pole/sousi¨n©
a)polou=ntai
a)polesqh/sontai
Subj
unct
ive
Opt
ativ
e
a)poloi/hn a)pole/soimi a)poloi/mhn a)polesqhsoi/mhn
a)poloi/hj a)pole/soij a)poloi=o a)polesqh/soioa)poloi/h a)pole/soi a)poloi=to a)polesqh/soitoa)poloi=men a)pole/soimen a)poloi/
meqaa)polesqhsoi/meqa
a)poloi=te a)pole/soite a)poloi=sqe a)polesqh/soisqe
a)poloi=en a)pole/soien a)poloi=nto a)polesqh/sointo
Impe
rativ
ePa
rtic.
a)polw~n-ou=ntoj
a)pole/swn-ontoj
a)polou/menoj
a)polesqhso/menoj
a)polou=sa-hj a)polesou=sa-hj
a)poloume/nh
a)polesqhsome/nh
a)polou=n-ou=ntoj
a)po/leson-ontoj a)polou/menon
a)polesqhso/menon
Inf a)polei=n a)pole/sein a)polei=sqai
a)polesqh/sesqai
102
103
35 Difficult Verbs
To sell, to buyPresent Future Aorist Perfect
Act/Mid-PassAor.Pass
to sell pwle/w¨a)podi/domai©pipra>&skw
a)podw&somai
e1pw&lhsaa)pedo/mhn
pe/pra>kape/pra>mai
e0pra>&qhn
to buy w)ne/omai¨pri/amai©
w)nh/somaie0pria&mhn
e0w&nhmai (act. sense)
e0wnh/qhn
to buy (Koiné) a)gora&zw a)gora&sw h0go/rhsa
h0go/rhka h0gora&sqhn
To capture, to choosePresent Future Aorist Perfect
take, capture ai9re/w e9lw~ e9lei=j ¯ ai9rh/sw[Care: Fut of e0lau/nw ise9lw~ e9la%>~j ...]
ei[lonStrongAor
If e9lei=nPc e9lw&n -o/ntoj -ou=sa -o/n
h3|rhka
be taken, captured a(li/skomai
a(lw&somai e9a&lwnRoot Aor
If a(lw~naiPc e9alou/j -ontoj -ou=sa -o/n
e9a&lwka
to choose ai9re/omai
ai9rh/somai ¯ e9lou=mai
ei9lo/mhnStrongAor
If e9le/sqaiPc e9lo/menoj -h -on
h3|rhmai
to be chosen ai9re/omai
ai9reqh/somai h9|re/qhnIf ai9reqh=naiPc ai9reqei/j -qei=sa -qe/n
h3|rhmai
So e0caire/omai e0ceilo/mhn to deliver, set free [Ac 12:11].
Compounds of some -mi verbspi/mplhmi to fill but e0mpi/plhmipi/mprhmi to burn but e0mpi/prhmi
Some formsa)polu<=sai
¡Aorist Infinitive Active
a)po/lu<sai¦
Aorist Imperative Passive 2 Singular
a)polu</sai Aorist Optative Active 3 Singular (Alternative to a)polu</seie¨n© )
e0naxqh=nai Aorist Infinitive Passive of e0na&gw £ to be led ine0nexqh=nai Aorist Infinitive Passive of fe/rw £ to be carried
e0fi/stamai Present Indicative Middle/Passive of e0fi/stamai £ to be setting upone0pi/stamai (Deponent) to know how, to understand
104
tre/pw to turn (trans)tre/fw to thicken, bring upstre/fw to turn (trans)e0ntre/pw Ac put to shame [1C 4:14]; Pa to feel shame; Mid to respect (man) [Lk 18:2]e0pitre/pw + Dat.
to allow, permit [Mt 8:21]
105
36 Verb ListAttic Future, Strong Aorist marked: ¬Root Aorist marked: Rt
Present Future Aorist+Inf Perfect Ac+Pa Aor Pass +Inf Remarks
a)gge/llwannounce
a)ggelw~¬
h1ggeilaa)ggei=lai
h1ggelkah1ggelmai
h0gge/lqhna)ggelqh=naih0gge/lhna)ggelh=nai
h0gge/lhn [dihgge/lhn Rm 9:17] is late Greek
a!gnu<mibreak
a!cw e1acah]caa!cai
e1a>ga e0a&ghna)gh=nai
NT kata&gnu<mi shatterRoot Vag-Anoth. a!cw from a!gwIm e0a&gnu<nFu katea&cw [Mt 12:20] (intrusive augment)
a`!gwlead
a!cw h1ga`gon ¬a)gagei=n
h]xa¯a)gh/oxah]gmai
h1xqhna)xqh=nai
Another a!cw from a!gnu<mi
ai1dwsing
a!|somai h]|saa%>}sai
- h1|sqhnai0sqh=nai
Cl poetical a)ei/dw
ai0ne/wpraise
ai0ne/somaiai0ne/sw
h1|nesaai0ne/sai
h1|nekah1|nhmai
h1|ne/qhnai0neqh=nai
-e not lengthened to -h
ai9re/wtake, capture
e9lw~ »e9le/w½ai9rh/sw
ei[lon ¬
e9lei=n
h3|rhka - AoStrPc e9lw&n -o/ntojFu e9lw~ e9lei=junlike e0lw~ from e0lau/nw
a(li/skomaibe taken,captured
a(lw&somai e9a&lwnRt
a(lw~nai
e9a&lwka - AoRtPc a(lou/j -o/ntojNot in NT;Frequent in LXX
ai9re/omaiM=choose
ai9rh/somaie9lou=mai
ei9lo/mhn¬e9le/sqai
h3|rhmai - e9lo/menojAoPc
[Hb 11:25]. NT also has ai9reti/zw, e0kle/gomai for choose
ai9re/omaiP=be chosen
ai9reqh/somai ¬
£ see AoPa h3|rhmai h9|re/qhnai9reqh=nai
ai1rwlift, raise
a)rw~¬
h]raa}>rai
h]rkah]rmai
h1rqhna)rqh=nai
106
ai0sqa&nomaiperceive
ai0sqh/somai
h0|sqo/mhn¬ai0sqe/sqai
h0|sqhmai - +gen
ai0sxu</nwdishonour
ai0sxunw~¬
h1|sxu<naai0sxu<=nai
- h0|sxu/nqhnai0sxunqh=nai
Attic future
a)kou/whear
a)kou/swa)kou/somai
h1kousaa)kou=sai
a)kh/koah1kousmai
h0kou/sqhna)kousqh=nai
Deponent future
a)lei/fwanoint
a)lei/yw h1leiyaa)lei=yai
a)lh/li^faa)lh/limmai
h0lei/fqhna)leifqh=nai
a(li/skomai (see above) See ai9re/w above
a)lla&sswto change
a)lla&cw h1llacaa)llacai (a&?)
h1llaxah1llagmai
h0la&xqhn a)palla&ssw Pf=to settle with [Lk 12:58]
-a(llomaito leap
a(lou=mai¬
h9lo/mhn¬a(le/sqaih9la&mhna#lasqai
- - Common composite: e0ca&llomai
a(marta&nwsin
a(marth/sw(cl. a(marth/somai)
h3marton¬a(martei=nh9ma&rthsaa(marth=sai
h9ma&rthkah9mar&thmai
h9marth/qhna(marthqh=nai
Future inMt 18:21, Rm 6:15
a)mu</nwA=ward off M=defend
a)munw~¬
h1mu<na¬a)mu<=nai
- - AoInMd3Sg h0mu</nato [Ac 7:24]
a)naqa&llwto revive
a)naqalh/sw a)ne/qalon¬a)naqelei=na)ne/qhla [cl.]a)naqh=lai
a)nate/qhla-
- Strong Ao in Phil 4:10(which is also classical).
a)na>li/skwa)na>lo/wdestroy; spend
a)na>lw&sw
a)nh/lwsaa)nalw~sai
a)nh/lwkaa)nh/lwmai
a)nhlw&qhna)na>lwqh=nai
Fu in [2Q 2:8];Ao,Pf also a)na>-
107
a)noi/gwa)noi/gnu<miopen
a)noi/cw a)ne/w%cah1noicah0ne/w%caa)noi=cai
a)ne/w%xaa)ne/w%gaa)ne/w%gmaih1noigmaih0ne/w%gmai
a)new&|xqhnh0noi/xqhnh0new&|xqhna)noixqh=naia)new%xqh=naih0noi/ghna)noigh=nai
Double/Triple augment
AoPa (Sj / Inf)a)noixqw~sin Mt 20:22a)new%xqh=nai Lk 3:21
a)re/skwplease
a)re&sw h1resaa)re/sai
- h0re/sqhna)resqh=nai
a!rxwrule; M=begin
a!rcw h]rcaa!rcai [VS]
h]rxah]rgmai
h1rxqhna)rxqh=nai
+gen
a)fikne/omaiarrive
a)fi/comai a)fi<ko/mhn ¬a)fi<ke/sqai
a)fi<=gmai - a)fi</keto [Rm 16:19]
au0ca&nw¯au0cwincrease (tr)
au0ch/sw hu1chsaau0ch=sai
hu1chkahu1chmai
hu0ch/qhnau0chqh=nai
bai/nwgo
bh/somai e1bhn Rtbh=nai
be/bhka - See paradigm
ba&llwthrow
balw~~¬
e1balon¬
balei=n
be/blhkabe/blhmai
e0blh/qhnblhqh=nai
bibrw&skweat
brw&somai e1brwsabrw~sai
be/brwkabe/brwmai
e0brw&qhnbrwqh=nai
Pf in Jn 6:13
bla&ptwharm
bla&yw e1blayabla&yai [VS]
be/blafabe/blammai
e0bla&fqhnblafqh=naie0bla&bhnblabh=nai
Short a revealed by AoPc bla&yan [Lk 4:35]
boa&wshout
boh/somai e0bo/hsaboh=sai
-be/bwmai
e0bw&sqhnbwsqh=nai
PfPa and AoPa Ionic only [WWG]
bou/lomaiwish
boulh/somai £AorPass bebou/lhmai
e0boulh/qhnboulhqh=nai
108
game/wmarry (Sj=m)
gamw~¬
e1ghmagh=maie0ga&mhsagamh=sai
gega&mhka e1gamh/qhngamhqh=nai
Aorists:e1ghma Lk 14:20e0ga&mhsen Mk 6:17
game/omaimarry (Sj=f)
gamou=mai¬
e0ghga&mhngh/masqai [VS]
gega&mhmai
-
gela&wto laugh
gela&somai e0ge/lasagela&sai
-gege/lasmai
e0gela&sqhngelasqh=nai
katagege/lasmai [LS]
gi</nomaibecome
genh/somai e0geno/mhn ¬gene/sqai
ge/gonagege/nhmai
e0genh/qhngenhqh=nai
Cl gi/gnomaiPfPc gegonw&j¯gegw&j
gi<nw&skwknow
gnw&somai e1gnwnRt
gnw~nai
e1gnwkae1gnwsmai
e1gnw&sqhngnwsqh=nai
Cl gignw&skwAoPc gnou/j gno/ntoj gnou=sa gno/n
gra&fwwrite
gra&yw e1grayagra&yai
ge/grafage/grammai
e0gra&fhngrafh=nai
da&knwbite
dh/comai e1dakon¬dakei=n
de/dhxade/dhgmai
e0dh/xqhndhxqh=nai
NT only present tense
dei/knu<mito show
dei/cw e1deicadei=cai
de/deixade/deigmai
e0dei/xqhndeixqh=nai
See paradigm
de/w ¨A©bind
dh/sw e1dhsadh=sai
de/deka¯-hkade/demai
e0de/qhndeqh=nai
de/w ¨B©lack, needit is necessary
deh/sw
dei= Impf e1dei
e0de/hsadeh=saie0de/hse
dede/hka - Original root deV
de/omaibeseech (DP)
deh/somai £AorPass dede/hmai e0deh/qhndehqh=nai
Middle form of future,Passive form of aorist
de/rwflag, flog
derw~ e1deiradei=rai de/darmai
e0da&rhndarh=nai
de/xomaireceive
de/comai e0deca&mhnde/casqai
de/degmai e0de/xhndexqh=nai
diale/gomaiconverse (DP)
diale/comai £AorPass diei/legmai diele/xqhndialexqh=nai
In NT also DMdiele/cato [Ac 18:19]
109
dida&skwteach
dida&cw e0di/dacadida&cai [VS]
dedi/daxadedi/dagmai
e0dida&xqhndidaxqh=nai
The di- is retained throughout
di/dwmigive
dw&sw e1dwkadou=nai
de/dwkade/domai
e0do/qhndoqh=nai
diw&kwto pursue
diw&cwdiw&comai
e0di/wcadiw~cai
dedi/wxadedi/wgmai
e0diw&xqhndiwxqh=nai
doke/wto seem, think
do/cw e1doca dedo/khkadedo/khmaide/dogmai
e0do/xqhndoxqh=nai
Some forms from *do/kw
du/namaibe able(DM/DP)
dunh/somai e0dunhsa&mhn
dedu/nhmai e0dunh/qhnh0dunh/qhndunhqh=nai
dunhqh=nai[4Mac 11:25]
du</nw¯du</wsink, set (sun)
du</sw e1du<sadu<=saie1du<n
Rtdu<=nai
de/du<kade/dumai
e0du/qhnduqh=nai
Wk Aor transitiveRt Aor intransitive
e0a&wto allow
e0a>&sw ei1a>sae0a>~sai [VS]
ei1a>kaei1a>mai
ei0a>&qhne0a>qh=nai
Im ei1wn ei1a>j ei1a> ei0w~men ei0a>~te ei1wn
e0gei/rwraise
e0gerw~¬
h1geirae0ghei=rai
e0gh/gerkae0gh/germai
h0ge/rqhne0gerqh=nai
e0qi/zwaccustom
e0qiw~¬
ei1qisae0qi/sai [VS]
ei1qikaei1qismai
ei0qi/sqhne0qisqh=nai
to\ ei0qisme/non[Lk 2:27]
»e1qw½accustom
- - ei1wqaei0w&qein Ppf
- Pf has present intransitive meaningOriginal root sVhq-. Dutch wennen?
ei1kw ¨A©yield
ei1cw ei]caei]cai
- - Original root Vik-.Latin v[c]toavoidu9pei/kw submit [Hb 13:17]
ei1kw ¨B© be like
ei1cw e1oikaei0ke/nai Inf
- Pf has present meaning. Pp e0w&|kein
110
ei0mi/be
e1somai - - - See paradigm. Im h1mhn¯h]¯h]n h]sqa¯h]j h]n h1meqa¯h]men h]te¯h]ste h]san
ei1rgwimprison;prevent
ei1rcw ei1rcaei]rcai
-ei1rgmai
ei1rxqhnei0rxqh=nai
Not NT, LXXOT £kwlu/äw[2Mac 12:40]
e0lau/nwdrive
e0lw~ »e0la&w½
¬!
h1lasae0la&sai
e0lh/lakae0lh/lamai
h0la&qhne0laqh=nai
Attic future but with -a&w contraction.Unlike e9lw~ from ai9re/w
e0le/gxwaccuse, convict
e0le/gcw h1legcae0le/gcai
-e0lh/legmai
h0le/gxqhne0legxqh=nai
Also: to question, examine, prove
e9lko/wmake sore
e9lkw&sw h3lkwsa [VS]e9lkw~sai
¨h3lkwka©h3lkwmai ðei3lkwmai
NA
h9lkw&qhne9lkwqh=nai
PfPcPa h9lkwme/noj [Lk 16:20]
e3lkwdrag
e9lku/swe3lcw Cl
ei3lkusae9lku/sai
ei3lkukaei3lkusmai
ei9lku/sqhne9lkusqh=nai
Ipf ei[lkon Acts 21:30
e0lpi/zwhope
e0lpiw~¬
h1lpisae0lpi/sai
h1lpika h1lpi/sqhne0lpisqh=nai
e1nnu<miput clothes on (tr)
e3swa)mf-iw~
¬
h0mfi/-esaa)mfi-e/sai
-h0mfi/-esmaih0mfi/-eimai
h0mfi-e/sqhna)mfi-esqh=nai
NT a)mfi-e/nnu<miRoot=Ves-(cf vestio)Another ei]mai from i<1hmi
e0pi/stamaiunderstand
e0pisth/somai
£Pass - h0pisth/qhne0pisthqh=nai
Deponent Passive. Conjug. as i3stamaiDo not confuse withe0fi/sthmi e0fi/stamai
e3pomaito follow
e3yomai e9spo/mhn¬e9spe/sqai
--
- +dat. Im ei9po/mhn[Ac 20:4] sune/pomai
e0rga&zomaiwork (DP)
e0rga&somai
£AoPass ei1rgasmai ei0rga&sqhne0rgasqh=nai
111
e0reuna&wsearch
e0reunh/sw h0reu/nhsae0reunh=sai
¨h0reu/nhka©¨h0reu/nhmai©
h0reunh/qhne0reunhqh=nai
e1rxomaicome
e0leu/somaiei]mi Cl
h]lqon¬
e0lqei=n
e0lh/luqa
e0rwta&wask a question
e0rwth/sw h0rw&thsae0rwth=sai
h0rw&thkah0rw&thmai
h0rwth/qhne0rwthqh=nai
Cl AoInMd h0ro/mhn¬
e0sqi/w¯e1dwCleat
fa&gomaie1domai
e1fagon¬
fagei=n
e0dh/dokae0dh/desmai
h0de/sqhne0desqh=nai
eu9ri/skwfind
eu9rh/sw hu[ron¬
eu9rei=n
hu3rhkahu3rhmai
hu9re/qhneu9peqh=nai
Alsonwithout augment, eu[ron etc.
e1xwhave
e3cwsxh/sw
e1sxon¬
sxei=n
e1sxhka e0sxe/qhnsxeqh=nai
See paradigmpare/xw=provide
e1xomaicling to
e1sxhmai
za&wlive
zh/swzh/somai
e1zhsazh=sai
- - Im e1zwn ¯ e1zhn
h3domaibe pleased
h9sqh/somai
£Pass - h3sqhnh9sqh=nai
+dat
qa&ptwbury
qa&yw e1qayaqa&yai te/qammai
e0ta&fhntafh=nai
qa&yai [Mt 8:21] reveals short a
qauma&zwwonder
qauma&somai
e0qau/masaqauma&sai
teqau/makateqau/masmai
e0qauma&sqhn
qauma&sai reveals short a
qe/lwwish
qelh/sw h0qe/lhsaqelh=sai
h0qe/lhka - Cl e0qe/lw etc.
qigga&nwtouch
qi/comai e1qigon¬
qigei=n
- - [Hb 11:28] +gen
-qnh/|skwdie
qanou=mai¬
e1qanon¬qanei=n
te/qnhka - In prose: a)poqnh/|skwPfIf teqnhke/nai ¯ teqna&nai
112
qru/ptwcrush
qru/yw e1qruyaqru/yai
-te/qrummai
e0qru/fqhnqrufqh=naie0tru/fhntrufh=nai
[Ac 21:13] sunqru/ptw break (the heart)
qu</wsacrifice
qu</sw e1qu<saqu<=sai
te/qukate/qumai
e0tu/qhn Note avoidance of double aspirate
i<3hmisend
h3sw h3kaei3nai
ei3kaei3mai¯e3wmai
ei3qhne9qh=nai
See paradigmPfIf ei9ke/nai
i9la&skomaipropitiate
i9la&somai i<9lasa&mhni9la&sasqai
- i<9la&sqhni9lasqh=nai
i3sthmimake stand
sth/sw e1sthsasth=sai
- See paradigm
i3stamaistand (intr)
e1sthnRt
sth=nai
e3sthka e0sta&qhnstaqh=nai
kaqai/rwpurify
kaqarw~¬
e0ka&qa>rakaqa>~rai
-keka&qarmai
e0kaqa&rqhnkaqarqh=nai
Not a compound of kata-
ka&qhmaisit
kaqh&somai
- - - Impf e0kaqh/mhn. See paradigm
kai/wburn
kau/sw e1kausakau=sai
ke/kaukake/kaumai
e0kau/qhnkauqh=nai¨kat©eka&hn¨kata©kah=nai
Ao2Pa and Fu2Pakateka&hn [Rv 8:7]kah/somai [1C 3:15]
kale/wcall
kale/swkalw~
e0ka&lesakale/sai
ke/klhkake/klhmai
e0klh/qhnklhqh=nai
kalw~ is Pres or Fut
ka&mnwbe weary
kamou=mai¬
e1kamon¬kamei=n
ke/kmhka - [Hb 12:3]
kauxa&omaiboast (DM)
kauxh/somai
e0kauxhsa&mhnkauxh/sasqai
kekau/xhmai
-
kei=mailie (down)
kei/somai - - - Im e0kei/mhn. See paradigm
kei/rwshear
kerw~ e1keirakei=rai
-ke/karmai
e0ka&rhnkarh=nai
113
kera&nnu<mito mix
kerw~¬
kera&sw
e0ke/ra`sa -ke/kra¨s©mai
e0kra&qhnkraqh=nai
sugkera&nnu<mi [Hb 4:2]
kerdai/nwto gain
kerdanw~ ¬
e0ke/rdhsae0ke/rda>na
keke/rdhka e0kerdhqhnkerdhqh=nai
e0ke/rda>na Cl and 1C 9:21 ó
klai/wweep(A/M intr)lament (A tr)
klau/swklau/somai
e1klausaklau=sai
-ke/klaumai
e0klau/sqhnklausqh=nai
Original root klaV
klei/wshut
klei/sw e1kleisaklei=sai
ke/kleikake/kleismai
e0klei/sqhnkleisqh=nai
kle/ptwsteal
kle/yw e1kleyakle/yai
ke/klofake/klemmai
e0kla&phnklaph=nai
komi/zwconvey
komiw~¬
e0ko/misakomi/sai
keko/mikakeko/mismai
e0komi/sqhnkomisqh=nai
FuMd komi/zomai / komiou=mai
ko/ptwcut
ko/yw¬
e0ko/yako/yai
keko/fakeko/mmai
e0ko/phnkoph=nai
kore/nnu<mito satiate
kore/sw e0ko/resakore/sai
-keko/resmai
e0kore/sqhnkoresqh=nai
kre/mannu<mihang (A tr)
kremw~¬
e0kre/masakrema&sai
- e0krema&sqhnkremasqh=nai
krema&sai [Es 6:4] shows short a
kre/mamai(M intr)
kremh/somai
e0kremasa&mhn
-
kri</nwjudge
krinw~¬
e1kri<nakri<=nai
ke/krikake/krimai
e0kri/qhnkriqh=nai
kta&omaiacquire, possess
kth/somai e0kthsa&mhnkth/sasqai
ke/kthmai e0kth/qhnkthqh=nai
Pf =possess
ktei/nwkill
ktenw~¬
e1kteinaktei=nai
e1ktona e1kta&nqhnktanqh=nai
Compound a)poktei/nwPassive usu. rendered by a)poqnh|/skw(exception: Mt 16:21)
lagxa&nwobtain by lot
lh/comai e1laxonlaxei=n
ei1lhxaei1lhgmai
e0lh/xqhnlhxqh=nai
114
lamba&nwtake
lh/¨m©yomai
e1labon¬
labei=n
ei1lhfaei1lhmmai
e0lh/¨m©fqhnlhfqh=nai
lanqa&nwescape the notice of
lh/sw e1laqon¬
laqei=n
le/lhqa-
-
lanqa&nomaiforget
lh/somai e0laqo/mhn¬laqe/sqai
le/lhsmai Also e0pilanqa&nomai =forget
la&skwbust asunder
lakh/somai e1la`kon¬lakei=ne0la`&khsalakh=sai
le/la>ka-
- [Ac 1:18]
le/gw ¨A©say
e0rw~¬
ei]pon¬
ei0pei=n
ei1rhkaei1rhmai
e0le/xqhnlexqh=naie0rre/qhnr(eqh=naie0rrh/qhnr(hqh=nai
Original root Ver
le/gw ¨B©gather
le/cw e1lecale/cai
ei1loxale/legmai¯ei1legmai
e0le/xqhnlexqh=naie0le/ghnlegh=nai
lei/pwleave
lei/yw e1lipon¬
lipei=n
le/loipale/leimmai
e0lei/fqhnleifqh=nai
lu</wloosen
lu</sw e1lu<salu<=sai
le/lukale/lumai
e0lu/qhnluqh=nai
The standard regular verb
manqa&nwto learn
maqh/somai e1maqon¬maqei=n
mema&qhka-
-
ma&xomaifight
maxou=mai e0maxesa&mhnmaxe/sasqai
mema&xhmai-
- PrIf ma&xesqaiFuIf maxei=sqai
me/llwintend, be about to
mellh/sw e0me/llhsamellh=sai
- -
me/lwbe a care
melh/sw e0me/lhsamelh=sai
meme/lhka Mainly impersonal:me/lei moi
mele/omaicare for
melh/somai - meme/lhmai
e0melh/qhnmelhqh=nai
115
me/nwremain
menw~ e1meinamei=nai
meme/nhka-
-
mi</gnu<mimix
mi</cw e1mi<cami<=cai
me/mixame/mi<gmai
e0mi</xqhnmi<xqh=nai
e0mi/ghnmigh=nai
mimnh/skwA=remind
mnh/sw e1mnhsamnh=sai
- -
M.pf=remember
- - me/mnhmai e0mnh/sqhnmnhsqh=nai
Iv me/mnhsoAoPa in Lk 1:54 apparently active.
mnhsteu/wbetroth
mnhsteu/sw e0mnh/steusamelh=sai
memnh/steukamemnh/steumaie0mnh/steumai
e0mnhsteu/qhnmnhsteuqh=nai
ne/mwdistribute
nemw~¬
e1neimanei=mai
nene/mhkanene/mhmai
e0nemh/qhnnemhqh=nai
ne/wswim
neu/somai e1neusaneu=sai
ne/neuka -
oi]daPf-form=know
ei1somai Clei0dh/sw NT
- - - See paradigmIf ei0de/nai. Pp h1|dein
oi0ktei/rwoi0kti</rwpity
oi0kteirh/swoi0kti<rh/sw
w!|kteiraoi0ktei=raiw!|kti<raoi0kti<=rai
- -
oi1omai¯oi]maithink (DP)
oi0h/somai £Pass - w)|h/qhnoi0hqh=nai
Im w)|o/mhn w!|mhn
oi1xomaihave gone
oi0xh/somai - oi1xhka¯ w%!xhka
- opposite to h3kw to have come
-o1llu<miTr=destroy
olw~ ¬
ole/sw
w!lesao0le/sai
o0lw&lhka w)le/sqhno0lesqh=nai
See paradigm
-o1llumaiIntr=perish
olou=mai¬
w)lo/mhn¬o0le/sqai
o1lwla - In prose: a)po/llu<mi¯a)po/llumai
116
o1mnu<miswear
o0mou=mai¬
w}mosao0mo/sai
o0mw&mokao0mw&mo¨s©mai
w)mo/¨s©qhno0mo¨s©qh=nai
o0ni/nhmiprofit
o0nh/sw w!nhsao0nh=saiw)nh/mhn¯-a&-o1nasqai
- w)nh/qhno0nhqh=nai
AoOpMd o0nai/mhn[Pn 1:20]
o9ra&wsee
o1yomai ei]don¬
i0dei=nw)ya&mhno1yasqai
e9w&ra>kae9w&ra>mai
w!fqhno0fqh=nai
Im e9w&rwn, e9w&ra>j, e9w&ra>, e9wrw~men, e9wra>~te, e9w&rwn.Ao1Sj in Lk 13:28
o0rgi/zomaiP=become angry
o0rgiou=mai ¬
£Pass w!rgismai w)rgi/sqhno0rgisqh=nai
Also active:o0rgi/zw = make angry
o0ru/sswdig
o0ru/cw w!rucao0rucai (u/?)
o0rw&ruxao0rw&rugmai
w)ru/xqhno0ruxqh=naiw)ru/ghno0rugh=nai
dioru/ssw=break into (a house) [Lk 12:39]
o0fei/lwowe
o)feilh/sw w)fei/lhsao)feilh=sai
- w)feilh/qhno0feilhqh=nai
pa&sxwsuffer
pei/somai e1paqon¬paqei=n
pe/ponqa - Another pei/somai from pei/qw
pei/qwpersuade
pei/sw e1peisapei=saie1piqon (Cl.) ¬piqei=n
pe/peikape/peismai
e0pei/sqhnpeisqh=nai
a)peiqe/w: Cl disobey; HGk disbelieve [Ac 14:2, Jn 3:36]
Md=obey, believe
pei/somai e0piqo/mhn¬piqe/sqai
Another pei/somai from pa&sxw
Pf2=trust pe/poiqa
pe/mpwsend
pe/myw e1pemyape/myai
pe/pomfape/pemmai
e0pe/mfqhnpemfqh=nai
pe/tamaipe/tomaii3ptamaifly
peth/somaipth/somai
e0pto/mhn¬pte/sqaie0pta&mhnpta&sqai
- e1pthnpth=nai
117
peta&nnu<mispread
peta&sw e0pe/tasapeta&sai
-pe/ptamai ¯pepe/tasmai
e0peta&sqhnpetasqh=nai
pi/mplhmifill
plh/sw e1plhsaplh=sai
pe/plhkape/plhsmai
e0plh/sqhnplhsqh=nai
Pr/Im as i3sthmi;rest from »plh/qw½
e0mpi/plhmito fill full
e0mplh/sw e0ne/plhsae0mph=sai
e0mpe/plhkae0mpe/plhsmai
e0neplh/sqhne0mplhsqh=nai
No m in Present(max 1 m in the word).
pi/mprhmiburn
pre/sw e1prhsaprh=sai
-pe/prhsmai
e0prh/qhnprhsqh=nai
Pr/Im as i3sthmi;rest from »prh/qw½
e0mpi/prhmito kindle
e0mpre/sw e0ne/prhsae0mph=sai
-e0mpe/prhsmai
e0neprh/qhne0mprhsqh=nai
No m in Present(max 1 m in the word).
pi</nwdrink
pi/omaipiou=mai
¬
e1pion¬
piei=n
pe/pwkape/pomai
e0po/qhnpoqh=nai
PrIv pi<=qi^
pi</ptwfall
pesou=mai¬
e1peson¬pesei=n
pe/ptwka-
-
ple/wsail
pleu/somai e1pleuapleu=sai
pe/pleukape/pleusmai
e0pleu/sqhnpleusqh=nai
See paradigmRoot pleu- pleV plu-
plh/sswstrike
plh/cw e1plhcaplh=cai
pe/plhgape/plhgmai
e0plh/xwhnplhxqh=naie0plh/ghnplhgh=naie0pla&ghnplagh=nai
pra>&sswdo
pra>&cw e1pra>capra>~cai
pe/pra>xa (tr)pe/pra>ga(intr)pe/pra>gmai
e0pra>&xqhnpra>xqh=nai
Attic pra>&ttwLong a> throughoutIntr=have fared
punqa&nomaiascertain
peu/somai e0puqo/mhn ¬puqe/sqai
pe/pusmai -
118
pwle/wto sell
pwlh/sw e0pw&lhsapwlh=sai
- -
a)podi/domai
a)podw&somai
a)pedo/mhn ¬a)podo/sqai
- - a)pe/dosqe [Ac 5:8]
pipra>&skw
- - pe/pra>kape/pra>mai
e0pra>&qhnpra>qh=nai
r(e/wto flow
r(eu/somai e1rreusar(eu=sai
e0rru/hka-
e0rru/hn pararre/w drift away [Hb 2:1]
r(h/gnu<mibreak
r(h/cw e1rrhcar(h=cai
e1rrwga (intr)
e0rra&ghnr(agh=nai
Pf=am broken
r(i</ptwthrow
r(i</yw e1rri<yar(i<=yai
e1rri<fae1rri<mai
e0rri</fqhnr(i<fqh=nai
sbe/nnu<miextinguish
sbe/sw e1sbesasbe/sai
e1sbhka (intr)e1sbesmai
e0sbe/sqhnsbesqh=nai
skeda&nnu<miscatter
skedw~»skeda&w½
¬!
e0ske/dasaskeda&sai
-e0ske/dasmai
e0skeda&sqhnskedasqh=nai
Attic future but with -a&w contraction
spei/rwsow
sperw~¬
e1speiraspei=rai
e1sparkae1sparmai
e0spa&rhnsparh=nai
-ste/llwto send
stelw~¬
e1steilastei=lai
e1stalkae1stalmai
e0sta&lhnstalh=nai
In prose: a)poste/llw
stre/fwto turn
stre/yw e1streyastre/yai
e1strofae1strammai
e0strefqhnstrefqh=naie0stra&fhnstrafh=nai
strw&nnu<mistore/nnu<mispread
storh/swstorw~
¬
e1strwsastrw~saie0sto/resastore/sai
e1strwkae1strwmai
-
sfa&llwtrip up
sfalw~¬
e1sfhlasfh=lai
-e1sfalmai
e0sfa&lhnsfalh=nai
Only cognate words in NT. LXX 5x.
sw%&zwsave
sw&sw e1swsasw~sai
se/swkase/swsmai
e0sw&qhnswqh=nai
tele/wfinish
telw~¬
e0te/lesatele/sai
tete/lekatete/lesmai
e0tele/sqhntelesqh=nai
telw~ is Pres or Fut
119
-te/llw(cause to) rise
telou=mai¬
e1teilatei=lai
te/talkate/talmai
- Common composite: a)nate/llw rise (up)
te/mnwcut
temw~~¬
e1temon¬temei=n
te/tmhkate/tmhmai
e0tmh/qhntmhqh=nai
Composite: perite/mnw circumcise
ti/qhmiput
qh/sw e1qhkaqei=nai
te/qhkate/qeimai
e0te/qhnteqh=nai
See paradigm
ti/ktwbeget
te/comaite/cwtekou=mai
e1tekon¬
tekei=n
te/toka-
e0te/xqhntexqh=nai
ti/nwpay
ti/sw e1ti<sati=sai
te/tikate/tismai
e1ti/sqhntisqh=nai
a)poti/nw, repay, in Phmon 1:19
titrw&skwwound
trw&sw e1trwsatrw~sai
-te/trwmai
e0trw&qhntrwqh=nai
Not in NT. LXX 16x.
tre/pwturn
tre/yw e1treyatre/yai
te/trofate/trammai
e0tre/fqhntrefqh=naie0tra&phntraph=nai
Another te/trofa from tre/fw
tre/fwnourish
qre/yw e1qreyaqre/yai
te/trofate/qrammai
e0tra&fhntrafh=naie0qre/fqhnqrefqh=nai[VS]
Another te/trofa from tre/pw
tre/xwrun
dramou=mai ¬
e1dramon¬dramei=n
dedra&mhka-
tugxa&nwhappen, chance
teu/comai e1tuxon¬
tuxei=n
tetu/xhka¯te/teuxa-
+gen
tu/ptwstrike
tupth/sw e0tu/pthsatupth=sai
- e1tu/phntuph=nai
u9pisxne/omaipromise
u9posxh/somai
u9pesxo/mhn ¬u9posxe/sqai
u9pe/sxhmai
- +dat of person +acc of thing.NT=e0pagge/llw
fai/nwshow, shine, give light
fanw~ e1fa>na¯e1fhnafa>~nai¯fh=nai
pe/fagkape/fasmai
e0fa&nqhn Ao1
fanqh=naie0fa&nhn
Ao2
fanh=nai
Ao1= made to appearAo2=appeared
120
fe/rwbring, carry
oi1sw h1negkae0ne/gkaih1negkon¬e0negkei=n
e0nh/noxae0nh/negmai
h0ne/xqhne0nexqh=nai
feu/gwflee
feu/comai e1fugonfugei=n
pe/feuga-
-
fhmi/say
fh/sw e1fhsafh=sai
- - See paradigm
fqa&nwanticipate
fqh/somai e1fqasafqa&saie1fqhn
Rtfqh=nai
e1fqaka-
-
-fqei/rwdestroy, corrupt
fqerw~¬
e1fqeirafqei=rai
e1fqarkae1fqarmai
e1fqa&rhnfqarh=nai
In prose: diafqei/rw
fobe/omaifear (DP)
fobh/somai £Pass pefo/bhmai e0fobh/qhnfobhqh=nai
fu</wproduce
fu</sw e1fu<sa trfu<=saie1fu<n intr=wasfu<=nai
pe/fu<ka-
- pe/fu<ka=be by nature
xai/rwrejoice
xairh/sw - kexa&raka e0xa&rhnxarh=nai
A/M/P=rejoice
xe/w¯xu/wpour
xew~¬
e1xeaxe/ai
ke/xukake/xumai
e0xu/qhnxuqh=nai
Root xeu- xeV- xu-
xra&omaiuse
xrh/somai e0xrhsa&mhnxrh/sasqai
ke/xrhmai e0xrh/sqhnxrhsqh=nai
+dat
xrh/it is necessary
xrh=stai - - - Im e1xrhn
xri</wanoint
xri</sw e1xri<saxri=<sai
-ke/xri<¨s©mai
e0xri</sqhnxri<sqh=nai
AoIf xri<=sai [Nu 7:88]
121
yu</xwto make cold
yu</cw e1yu<ca -e1yugmai
e0yu^/xhnyu^xh=naie0yu^/ghnyu^gh=naie0yu^/xqhnyu^xqh=nai
yu^gh/setai [Mt 24:12]
-w)qe/wpush
w!sw e1wsaw}sai
-e1wsmai
e0w&sqhnw)sqh=nai
Im e0w&qoun. Composites a)pwqe/w,e0cwqe/wAo e0cw~sa¯e0ce/wsa
w)ne/omaibuy
w)nh/somai w)nhsa&mhn
e0w&nhmai(active sense)
e0wnh/qhnw)nhqh=nai(pass. sense)
Ao in [Ac 7:16]NT mainly uses a)gora&zw
¨pri/amai© - e0pria&mhn
- - -
122
37 Index
a)gallia&w 43a)gge/llw 44, 106a!gnu<mi 106a)gora&zw 104a`!gw 106ai1dw 106ai0ne/w 43,106ai9re/w 104, 106ai1rw 44, 106ai0sqa&nomai 107ai0sxu</nw 107a)kou/w 106a)lei/fw 107a(li/skomai 104, 106a(llomai 107a(marta&nw 107a)mu</nw 107a)nabai/nw 49a)naqa&llw 107a)na>li/skw 107a)noi/gnu<mi 108a)noi/gw 108a!peimi 63a)podi/domai 104, 119a)po-didra&skw 50a)po/llu<mi 97a)polu</w 14a)re/skw 108a)rke/w 43a!rxw 108au0ca&nw 108au0cw 108a)fi</hmi 90a)fikne/omai 108a)fi/sthmi 79
bai/nw 49, 108ba&llw 46, 108bibrw&skw 108bio/w 49bla&ptw 108boa&w 108bou/lomai 108
game/w 109gela&w 43,109gi/gnomai 109gignw&skw 109gi</nomai 109gi<nw&skw 49, 109gra&fw 109
da&knw 109
dei/knu<mi 94, 109de/omai 42, 109 de/rw 109de/xomai 109de/w ¨A© 109de/w ¨B© 109dhlo/w 40diale/gomai 109dida&skw 110di/dwmi 67, 110diw&kw 110doke/w 110du/namai 64, 110du</nw¯du</w 50, 110
e0a&w 43,110e0gei/rw 110e0qi/zw 110e1qw 110ei1kw ¨A© 110ei1kw ¨B© 110ei0mi/ (to be) 63, 111ei]mi (to go) 63, 65ei1rgw 111e0lau/nw 111e0le/gxw 111e9lko/w 111e3lkw 111e0lpi/zw 111e0mpi/plhmi 104, 118e0mpi/prhmi 104, 118e0na&gw 104e1nnu<mi 111e0ntre/pw 105e0pi/stamai 104, 111e0pitre/pw 105e3pomai 111e0rga&zomai 111e0reuna&w 112e1rxomai 112e0rwta&w 112e0sqi/w¯e1dw 112eu9ri/skw 112e0fi/stamai 104e1xw 28, 112'' 32pare/xw
za&w 41, 112
h3domai 112
qa&ptw 112
qauma&zw 112qea&omai 43qe/lw 112qigga&nw 112qnh/|skw 112qru/ptw 113qu</w 113i<0a&omai 43i<3hmi 86, 113'' 90a)fi</hmi i9la&skomai 113i3ptamai 117pe/tamai
i1shmi 57i3sthmi 75, 113'' 79a)fi/sthmi
kaqai/rw 113ka&qhmai 64, 113kai/w 113kale/w 43,113ka&mnw 113kauxa&omai 113kei=mai 113kei/rw 113kera&nnu<mi 114kerdai/nw 114klai/w 114kla&w 43klei/w 114kle/ptw 114komi/zw 114kopia&w 43ko/ptw 114kore/nnu<mi 114kre/mannu<mi 114kri</nw 55, 114kru/ptw 53kta&omai 114ktei/nw 114
lagxa&nw 114lamba&nw 115lanqa&nw 115la&skw 115le/gw ¨A© 115le/gw ¨B© 115lei/pw 115lu</w 10'' 14a)polu</w
'' 18Dual
'' 21Ptc
'' 24DualPtc
'' 115
123
ma&xomai 115manqa&nw 115me/llw 115me/lw 115me/nw 116mi</gnu<mi 116mimnh/skw 116mnhsteu/w 116
ne/mw 116ne/w 116
oi]da 57, 116oi0ktei/rw 116oi0kti</rw 116oi1omai¯oi]mai 116oi1xomai 116o1llu<mi 116o1mnu<mi 117o0ni/nhmi 117o9ra&w 117o0rgi/zomai 117o0ru/ssw 117o0fei/lw 117
pa&reimi 63pare/xw32pa&sxw 117pei/qw 53, 117peina&w 43pe/mpw 117pe/tamai 117peta&nnu<mi 118pe/tomai 117
pi/mplhmi 104, 118pi/mprhmi 104, 118pi</nw 118pipra>&skw 104, 119pi</ptw 118ple/w 42, 118plh/ssw 118poie/w 39pra>&ssw 118pri/amai 64, 104, 122punqa&nomai 118pwle/w 104, 119
r(e/w 119r(h/gnu<mi 119r(i</ptw 119
sbe/nnu<mi 119skeda&nnu<mi 119spa&w 43spei/rw 119ste/llw 55, 119store/nnu<mi 119stre/fw 119strw&nnu<mi 119su/noida 58sfa&llw119sw%&zw 119
ta&ssw 54tele/w 43,119te/llw 120te/mnw 120ti/qhmi 71, 120ti/ktw 120
ti<ma&w 37ti/nw 120titrw&skw 120tre/pw 105, 120tre/fw 105, 120tre/xw 120tugxa&nw 120tu/ptw 120
u9pisxne/omai 120
fai/nw 55, 120fe/rw 104, 121feu/gw 121fhmi/ 64, 121fqa&nw 121fqei/rw 121fobe/omai 121fula&ttw 53fu</w 121
xai/rw 121xa`la&w 43xe/w¯xu/w 121xra&omai 41, 121xrh/ 121xri</w 121
yu</xw 122
w)qe/w 122w)ne/omai 104, 122
124
38 Abbreviations and References
Abbreviations
There is some overloading (multiple usage) of some shorter abbreviations, necessitated by space limitations in the paradigms, to be resolved by the context.
Mood, Tense, Voice, Number, Case, Gender and other Grammatical Terms
A, Ac, Act ActiveAc, Acc AccusativeAo, Aor AoristCl Classical formDM Deponent MiddleDP Deponent PassiveDt, Dat DativeF, Fe, Fem FeminineFu, Fut FutureGn, Gen GenitiveIm, Ipf ImperfectIv, Ipv ImperativeIf, Inf InfinitiveIn, Ind, Indic IndicativeIn, Int, Intr IntransitiveIon Ionic (dialect)Irr IrregularM, Ma, Mas, Masc MasculineM, Md, Mid, Med Middle (also by its Latin name, Medium)M/N Masculine and Neuter¡ Nonrecessive accentNe, Neu, Neut NeuterNm, Nom Nominative¾ Indicates alternative optative forms are possible (see separate table)Op, Opt OptativeP, Pa, Pass PassivePc, Ptc ParticiplePf, Perf PerfectPl, Plur PluralPp, Ppf Pluperfect¿ Indicates alternative pluperfect forms are possible (see separate table)Pr, Pres Present¦ Recessive accentRt Root AoristSg, Sing SingularSj, Subj (1) SubjectSj, Subj (2) SubjunctiveTr, Trans TransitiveVc, Voc Vocative
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Other Abbreviations
shading indicates that there are other occurrences of the shaded form~ The reference indicated does not have exactly the form in question2x, 3x etc. Two, three etc. occurrencesalt alternativelyAV Authorized VersionBHS Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (see references)Cl Classical Greek (rather than Hellenic – HGk)ó Egyptian manuscripts (as defined by Hodges and Farstad: typically èABC)H HebrewHGk Hellenic (Koiné) Greek (rather than classical – Cl)LXX Septuagintñ Majority textNKJV New King James VersionNA Neste-AlandNT New TestamentOT Old Testament (Tenakh)P1904 The Greek Orthodox Church Patriarchal text of 1904ð Textus Receptus (Received Text) text
Bible books have two-character abbreviations; other books have more than two characters.
1x=1 Chronicles, 1C=1Corinthians, Cl=Colossians1Q=1Thessalonians, 1T=1Timothy, Ti=TitusEc=Ecclesiastes, Ek=Ezekiel, Ep=Ephesians, Es=Esther, Er=EzraHb=Hebrews, Hg=Haggai, Hk=Habakkuk, Hs=HoseaJa=James, Jb=Job, Jd=Jude, Jg=Judges, Jh=Jonah, Jl=Joel, Jn=John, Jr=Jeremiah, Js=JoshuaNa=Nahum, Ne=Nehemiah, Nu=NumbersPh=Philippians, Pn=Philemon, Pr=Proverbs, Ps=PsalmsZc=Zechariah, Zp=Zephaniah
Old TestamentGn Genesis 2x 2 Chronicles Dn DanielEx Exodus Er Ezra Hs HoseaLv Leviticus Ne Nehemiah Jl JoelNu Numbers Es Esther Am AmosDt Deuteronomy Jb Job Ob ObadiahJs Joshua Ps Psalms Jh JonahJg Judges Pr Proverbs Mc MicahRu Ruth Ec Ecclesiastes Na Nahum1S 1 Samuel So Song of Solomon Hk Habakkuk2S 2 Samuel Is Isaiah Zp Zephaniah1K 1 Kings Jr Jeremiah Hg Haggai2K 2 Kings Lm Lamentations Zc Zechariah1x 1 Chronicles Ek Ezekiel Ml Malachi
New TestamentMt Matthew Ep Ephesians Hb HebrewsMk Mark Ph Philippians Ja JamesLk Luke Cl Colossians 1P 1 PeterJn John 1Q 1 Thessalonians 2P 2 PeterAc Acts 2Q 2 Thessalonians 1J 1 JohnRm Romans 1T 1 Timothy 2J 2 John1C 1 Corinthians 2T 2 Timothy 3J 2 John
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2C 2 Corinthians Ti Titus Jd JudeGl Galatians Pn Philemon Rv Revelation
References
[LS] H. G. Liddell and R. Scott, An Intermediate Greek-English LexiconOxford University Press, 1986.
[NH] M. A. North and A. E. Hillard, Greek Prose CompositionDuckworth, Impression of 2000, ISBN 0 7156 1284 0
[TY] Gavin Betts and Alan Henry, Teach Yourself Ancient GreekHodder and Stoughton, 1989. ISBN 0 340 42998 X.
[VS] P. de Vecci and F. Sacchi, Verbi GreciEdizioni Bignami, Milano, 1984.
[WWG] William W. Goodwin, A Greek GrammarMacmillan Education Ltd, 1989. ISBN 0 333 03429 5.
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