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Lesson 1: To identify the perspective of the extract taken from ‘The Explorer’s Daughter

Do it now: thinking about travelBelow is a map of the world. On this map, highlight the places you have been lucky enough to visit.

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Now choose one place you have visited. What was it about this place that made it memorable to you? Try and think of at least five things:

1 ____________________________________________________________________________

2 ____________________________________________________________________________

3 ____________________________________________________________________________

4 ____________________________________________________________________________

5 ____________________________________________________________________________

Key question: some people choose to write about the places they visit – why do you think this is?

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New knowledge: the background to the extractRead the following information:

The Explorer’s Daughter

Kari Herbert is a British travel writer, photographer and television presenter. Herbert was born in 1970, the daughter of Sir Wally Herbert, the Polar explorer. She was brought up for the first few years of her life in North Greenland and lived among the Inughuit people in the harsh environment of the Arctic. In 2002, she revisited the area, staying near Thule, a remote settlement in the snowy wastes of north Greenland.

She has written for a number of magazines as a travel writer, and in 2005, published ‘The Explorer’s Daughter’, her best-known book. She has made a number of television programmes on the themes of exploration and conservation, and is a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society.

Key questions:

1. The title of the extract ‘ The Explorer’s Daughter’ immediately informs us about the perspective from which this piece of writing is produced. What is an explorer?

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2. Why are the words highlighted in bold significant in helping us to understand the perspective of the writing?

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Contextually, we now know the extract will explore some aspect of Greenland.

Key question: If an explorer were to write about Greenland, what do you think they might write about?

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New knowledge: our passageIn the passage we are going to read, Herbert writes about her experiences of watching a hunt for the narwhal, a toothed whale, and how she is torn between her respect for the bravery of the hunters, and her understanding of the people’s need for food, and her admiration and awe for the narwhals.

Key questions: How does the noun ‘hunt’ alter our expectations of what we are going to read and the perspective offered within the text?

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New knowledge: The Explorer’s DaughterLet’s read the extract taken from The Explorer’s Daughter:

1 As a small child, Herbert lived, with her family, among the Inughuit2 people (sometimes called Inuits, or Eskimos) in the harsh environment 3 of the Arctic. In 2002 she revisited the area, staying near Thule, a 4 remote settlement in North Greenland. In this passage she writes 5 about her experience of watching a hunt for the narwhal, a toothed 6 whale, and what she thought and felt about it.

7 Two hours after the last of the hunters had returned and eaten, narwhal8 were spotted again, this time very close. Within an hour even those9 of us on shore could with the naked eye see the plumes of spray from 10 the narwhal catching the light in a spectral play of colour. Two large pods11 of narwhal circled in the fjord, often looking as if they were going to merge,12 but always slowly, methodically passing each other by. Scrambling back13 up to the lookout I looked across the glittering kingdom in front of me and 14 took a sharp intake of breath. The hunters were dotted all around the fjord.15 The evening light was turning butter-gold, glinting off man and whale and 16 catching the soft billows of smoke from a lone hunter’s pipe. From where 17 we sat at the lookout it looked as though the hunters were close enough to 18 touch the narwhal with their bare hands and yet they never moved. 19 Distances are always deceptive in the Arctic, and I fell to wondering if the 20 narwhal existed at all or were instead mischievous tricks of the shifting21 light.…

22 The narwhal rarely stray from High Arctic waters, escaping only to the23 slightly more temperate waters towards the Arctic Circle in the dead of24 winter, but never entering the warmer southern seas. In summer the 25 hunters of Thule are fortunate to witness the annual return of the narwhal26 to the Inglefield Ffjord, on the side of which we now sat.

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27 The narwhal…is an essential contributor to the survival of the hunters in the 28 high Arctic. The mattak or blubber of the whale is rich in necessary29 minerals and vitamins, and in a place where the climate prohibits the growth 30 of vegetables or fruit, this rich source of vitamin C was the one reason that 31 the Eskimos have never suffered from scurvy….For centuries the blubber of32 the whales was also the only source of light and heat, and the dark rich 33 meat is still a valuable part of the diet for both man and dogs (a single 34 narwhal can feed a team of dogs for an entire month). Its single ivory tusk, 35 which can grow up to six feet in length, was used for harpoon tips and 36 handles for other hunting implements (although the ivory was found to be 37 brittle and not hugely satisfactory as a weapon), for carving protective 38 tupilaks, and even as a central beam for their small ancient dwellings. 39 Strangely, the tusk seems to have little use for the narwhal itself; they do 40 not use the tusk to break through ice as a breathing hole, nor will they use41 it to catch or attack prey, but rather the primary use seems to be to disturb 42 the top of the sea bed in order to catch Arctic halibut for which they have a 43 particular predilection. Often the ends of their tusks are worn down or even44 broken from such usage.

45 The women clustered on the knoll of the lookout, binoculars pointing in every46 direction, each woman focusing on her husband or family member, 47 occasionally spinning round at a small gasp or jump as one of the women48 saw a hunter near a narwhal. … Each wife knew her husband instinctively49 and watched their progress intently; it was crucial to her that her husband50 catch a narwhal – it was part of their staple diet, and some of the mattak 51 and meat could be sold to other hunters who hadn’t been so lucky, bringing52 in some much-needed extra income. Every hunter was on the water. It53 was like watching a vast, waterborne game with the hunters spread like a 54 net around the sound.

55 The narwhal … are intelligent creatures, their senses are keen and they 56 talk to one another under the water. Their hearing is particularly developed57 and they can hear the sound of a paddling kayak from a great distance. 58 that … was why the hunters had to sit so very still in the water.

59 One hunter was almost on top of a pair of narwhal, and they were huge. He60 gently picked up his harpoon and aimed – in that split second my heart62 leapt for both hunter and narwhal. I urged the man on in my head; he was 63 so close, and so brave to attempt what he was about to do – he was miles64 from land in a flimsy kayak, and could easily be capsized and drowned. 65 The hunter had no rifle, only one harpoon with two heads and one bladder.66 It was a foolhardy exercise and one that could only inspire respect. And 67 yet at the same time my heart also urged the narwhal to dive, to leave, to 68 survive.

68 This dilemma stayed with me the whole time that I was in Greenland. I 69 understand the harshness of life in the Arctic and the needs of the hunters70 and their families to hunt and live on animals and sea mammals that we 71 demand to be protected because of their beauty. And I know that one 72 cannot afford to be sentimental in the Arctic. ‘How can you possibly eat73 seal?’ I have been asked over and over again. True, the images that

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74 bombarded us several years ago of men battering seals for their fur hasn’t75 helped the issue of polar hunting, but the Inughuit do not kill seals using 76 this method, nor do they kill for sport. They use every part of the animals77 they kill, and most of the food in Thule is still brought in by the hunter-78 gatherers and fishermen. Imported goods can only ever account for part79 of the food supply; there is still only one annual supply ship that makes80 it through the ice to Qaanaaq, and the small twice-weekly plane from West81 Greenland can only carry a certain amount of goods. Hunting is still an 82 absolute necessity in Thule.

Pen to paper: comprehensionAs we read through the text, we are going to co-create a sub-heading for each paragraph that helps to summarise the main idea.

New knowledge: what is meant by the term ‘perspective’?In this recount text, Herbert conveys her perspective on the hunting of the narwhal.

A perspective is a particular way of thinking about something, especially one that is influenced by your beliefs or experiences.Collins

Pen to paper: finding textual references that showcase Herbert’s perspectiveOn one hand, Herbert respects the bravery of the hunters and has an understanding of their need for food. However, on the other hand, she has complete admiration and is in awe of the beauty of the narwhals. Using the chart on the next page, find evidence from the text that supports both perspectives.

Challenge: identify the key techniques Herbert has used to present her perspective

ReflectionHaving considered all of the evidence, why might Herbert feel so torn about this situation?

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Respect for the bravery of the hunters and an understanding of the people’s need for food.

Admiration and awe for the narwhals

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Lesson 2: To confidently write about the perspective offered in a text

Do it now: recap questionsRecap questions:

1. Who is Kari Herbert?

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2. Whilst Herbert is British, where else in the world has she lived?

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3. When Herbert revisits this area, what animal does she observe?

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4. What is the dilemma for Herbert?

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5. What does Herbert conclude?

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New knowledge: paper 1, question 5Paper 1, Question 5 is always the same question. It never changes!

Compare how the writers present their ideas and perspectives about their experiences. Support your answer with detailed examples from both texts, including brief quotations.

The first section of our response will be focused on the writer’s perspective and ideas.

Pen to paper: what would be a good topic sentence when considering the perspective of the text?

When we write our response, we should begin each paragraph (or section) with a strong topic sentence. A topic sentence is a sentence that states the main idea for a paragraph (or section) or writing. As a group table, what would be a good topic sentence to begin our first paragraph in which we analyse the writer’s perspective?

Our group’s topic sentence

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Our class topic sentence

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New knowledge: what structure should our response take?In order for us to hit the Level 5 criteria in the exam we need to analyse Herbert’s ideas and perspectives, including how theme, language and structure is used. Therefore, when writing our response, we should use the WHAT? HOW? WHY? structure.

WHAT? What is the writer’s perspective?(Clear topic sentence)

HOW? How is this perspective conveyed?(Evidence)

WHY? Why is this perspective important? Why does the writer feel it important to get this point across? (Inference and analysis)

Pen to paper: identifying the WHAT? HOW? WHY? structure within analytical writingLook at the beginning of a paragraph about Herbert’s perspective. Can you identify the different sections? (WHAT? / HOW? / WHY?)

Herbert successfully conveys her perspective and her respect for the hunters and their bravery

whilst hunting when she describes their actions as a ‘foolhardy exercise’ and one that ‘inspires

respect.’ The use of the adjective ‘foolhardy’ implies that the hunters attempts were both risky and

dangerous. It also suggests that their behaviour was foolish but when combined with the verb

‘inspire’ we can infer that she admires the efforts they make to catch the narwhal. Finally, the use

of the noun ‘respect’ conveys her appreciation for this work and her feelings towards the hunters.

Pen to paper: co-constructing a written response about Herbert’s perspectiveNow we are going to construct a paragraph together. In this paragraph we are going to analyse Herbert’s perspective in terms of how she demonstrates an understanding of the need for food that the Inughuit people have.

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Pen to paper: writing about Herbert’s perspective – her admiration and awe for the narwhal

Now it is your turn! In your exercise book, construct a paragraph in which you analyse Herbert’s perspective on the narwhal.

Success criteria

WHAT? What is the writer’s perspective?(Clear topic sentence)

HOW? How is this perspective conveyed?(Evidence)

WHY? Why is this perspective important? Why does the writer feel it important to get this point across? (Inference and analysis)

ReflectionShare your paragraph with your peer critic. When you receive someone else’s work, read through their paragraph and

Check their spelling, punctuation and grammar Identify where they have used a strong topic sentence Have they identified a range of relevant textual references? Have they analysed the Herbert’s methods using correct subject terminology? Have they summarised what can be inferred about Herbert’s perspective as a result?

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Lesson 3: To consider how the writer’s use of language helps her to convey a particular tone that supports her perspective

Do it nowRecap questions:

1. What conflicting perspective does Herbert have as she observes the narwhals?

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2. What conclusion does she reach?

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3. Why does she have this conflicting perspective?

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New knowledge: what do we mean by the ‘tone’ of a piece of writing?A writer’s tone is the expression of a writer’s attitude towards a subject. Tone is conveyed through the writer’s choice of words and writing style

Pen to paper: identifying ‘tones’As a group table, identify as many different tones that a writer might adopt across a piece of writing. A couple have already been identified for you:

serious

Tonehumorous

Challenge question: what tones can you see emerging from our extract from ‘The Explorer’s Daughter’?

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Pen to paper: how does Herbert use words and a writing style to create tone throughout her piece?

When we are looking at tone, we want to consider how the tone changes or shifts across the piece of writing. In this extract, we see a shift in tone from descriptive to factual to a conflicted tone and then, at the end, to a tone that is decisive and clear.

Quotation to support How does this support the writer’s perspective?

The descriptive tone at the start

The factual tone in the middle

The conflicted tone

The decisive tone at the end.

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New knowledge: at the start / in the middle / towards the endWhen we construct a response to the tone of the piece and how the writer constructs tone, we should aim to consider how the tone changes or shifts across the piece. Therefore, we should use strong topic sentences that are fronted with the following:

At the start of the extract, the writer

In the middle of the extract, the writer

Towards the end of the extract, the writer

Pen to paper: writing about toneNow, as a group table, you are going to construct a response about the writer’s tone. One person is going to write about the tone at the start of the extract. One person is going to write about the tone in the middle of the extract. One person is going to write about the tone towards the end. (If you have a group of four this could be divided into two!)

Success criteria

WHAT? What tone is evident at the start / in the middle / towards the end of the extract and why?(Clear topic sentence)

HOW? How is this conveyed?(Evidence)

WHY? Why is the creation of this tone in supporting the writer’s perspective? (Inference and analysis)

ReflectionLet’s live mark your writing and see what you have come up with!

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Lesson 4: To analyse how the writer uses particular structural techniques to help her convey her perspective on the hunting of the narwhals

Do it now1. What does the term ‘tone’ mean?

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2. How does the writer’s tone shift in the extract from ‘The Explorer’s Daughter’?

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3. How does this shift in tone help to present her viewpoint / perspective on the hunting of the narwhal?

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Recapping knowledgeSo far in our exploration of ‘The Explorer’s Daughter’ we have looked at:

Pre-reading 1. Reading of the text2. Sub-heading each paragraph

Perspective and idea

Is the text first person or third person?What is the writer’s agenda? Why has the writer written the text? (Look at the blurb at the top as this will front it). Are there multiple reasons for the text? (Most texts do have multiple purposes). How might the writer’s background affect their perspective on what they have written?

Language and tone

How does the tone support the writer’s perspective?What is the tone at the start of the text? What is the tone in the middle? What is the tone at the end of the text? (How and why does it shift?)

New knowledgeWhen exploring this extract, we also need to consider some of the structural features that the writer has employed.

15Short sentences

Multi-clause sentences

Punctuation

Repetition

Contrasts

Features of form

Short sentence: a sentence consisting of only one word, a phrase only or simply one subject and one verb (known as simple sentence).

Multi-clause sentence: sentences that are made up of multiple clauses – independent and dependent.

Punctuation: the marks, signs and symbols that are used in and around sentences to give them structure.

Features of form: techniques and devices that are used that are specific to that type or style of writing.

Repetition: saying the same word or phrase more than once for emphasis.

Contrasts: where the writer chooses to highlight the differences between things.

Let’s explore some of the conscious choices the writer has made. Our task is to consider how these choices help to reinforce her perspective.

Pen to paper: short sentencesRead the following extract:

Key questions:

This paragraph is made up of many multi-clause sentences. Why has the writer used so many?

There is one short sentence in the middle. Why might the writer have crafted this? How does the use of this short sentence support the writer’s perspective?

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Two hours after the last of the hunters had returned and eaten, narwhal were spotted again, this time very close. Within an hour even those of us on short could with the naked eye see the plumes of spray from the narwhal catching the light in a spectral play of colour. Two large pods of narwhal circled in the fjord, often looking as if they were going to merge, but always slowly, methodically passing each other by. Scrambling back up to the lookout I looked across the glittering kingdom in front of me and took a sharp intake of breath. The hunters were dotted all around the fjord. The evening light was tuning butter-gold, glinting off man and whale and catching the soft billows of smoke from a lone hunter’s pipe. Frome where we sat at the lookout it looked as though the hunters were close enough to touch the narwhal with their bare hands and yet they never moved. Distances are always deceptive in the Arctic, and I fell to wondering if the narwhal existed at all or were instead mischievous tricks of the shifting light…

Pen to paper: punctuation – parenthesisRead the following extract:

Key questions:

In this paragraph, parenthesis is used. Why is the parenthesis present? How does it support the perspective of the writer?

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Pen to paper: punctuation – dashesRead the following extract:

Key questions:

Why has a dash been used in this paragraph? How does it support the writer’s perspective?

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The narwhal…is an essential contributor to the survival of the hunters in the High Arctic. The mattak or blubber of the whale is rich in necessary minerals and vitamins, and in a place where the climate prohibits the growth of vegetables or fruit, this rich source of vitamin C was the one reason that the Eskimos have never suffered from scurvy. For centuries the blubber of the whales was also the source of light and heat, and the dark rich meat is still a valuable part of the diet for both man and dogs (a single narwhal can feed a team of dogs for an entire month). Its single ivory tusk, which can grow up to six feet in length, was used for harpoon tips and handles for other hunting implements (although the ivory was found to be brittle and not hugely satisfactory as a weapon) for carving protective tupilaks, and even as a central beam for their small ancient dwellings. Strangely, the tusk seems to have little use for the narwhal itself; they do not use the tusk to break through ice as a breathing hole, nor will they use it to catch or attack prey, but rather the primary use seems to be to disturb the top of the sea bed in order to catch Arctic halibut for which they have a particular predilection. Often the ends of their tusks are worn down or even broken from such usage.

The women clustered on the knoll of the lookout, binoculars pointing in every direction, each woman focusing on her husband or family member, occasionally spinning round at a small gasp or jump as one of the women saw a hunter near a narwhal. … Each wife knew her husband instinctively and watched their progress intently; it was crucial to her that her husband catch a narwhal – it was part of their staple diet, and some of the mattak and meat could be sold to other hunters who hadn’t been so lucky, bringing in some much-needed extra income. Every hunter was on the water. It was like watching a vast, waterborne game with the hunters spread like a net around the sound.

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Pen to paper: repetitionRead the following extract:

Key questions:

Can you find an example of repetition within this paragraph? How might the repetition used support the writer’s purpose?

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ReflectionYou have now considered a range of structural features that Herbert has employed: short sentences, parenthesis, dashes and repetition. Which one do you think has been most successful in supporting her perspective on the narwhal hunting and why?

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The narwhal … is an essential contributor to the survival of the hunters in the High Arctic. The mattak or blubber of the whale is rich in necessary minerals and vitamins, and in a place where the climate prohibits the growth of vegetables or fruit, this rich source of vitamin C was the one reason that the Eskimos have never suffered from scurvy. … For centuries the blubber of the whales was also the only source of light and heat, and the dark rich meat is still a valuable part of the diet for both man and dogs (a single narwhal can feed a team of dogs for an entire month). Its single ivory tusk, which can grow up to six feet in length, was used for harpoon tips and handles for other hunting implements (although the ivory was found to be brittle and not hugely satisfactory as a weapon) for carving protective tupilaks, and even as a central beam for their small ancient dwellings. Strangely, the tusk seems to have little use for the narwhal itself; they do not use the tusk to break through ice as a breathing hole, nor will they use it to catch or attack prey, but rather the primary use seems to be to disturb the top of the sea bed in order to catch Arctic halibut for which they have a particular predilection. Often the ends of their tusks are worn down or even broken from such usage.

Reading assessment: How does Herbert present her ideas and perspective about her experience?

Introduction: 1x sentence summarising the following: The title of the extract The author of the extract The focus of the extract

Perspectives and ideas

What person is this extract written in?

What perspective is evident?How is this perspective demonstrated?

WHAT?What is Herbert’s perspective on the hunting of the narwhal?

Clear topic sentence: Herbert shows her respect for the bravery of the hunters / Herbert demonstrates that she understands the need the Inughuit people have for food / Herbert reveals her admiration and awe for the narwhal

HOW?How is this perspective shown?

What evidence do you have?

Higher grades: Short, concise

quotations Quotations from

across the text

WHY?Why does this evidence help Herbert to convey her perspective?

Analysis and inference:

Suggests / implies / infers / connotes / demonstrates etc

Language and tone

What is the tone at the start of the extract?What is the tone in the middle of the extract?What is the tone at the end of the extract?

WHAT?What tone is created throughout the extract?

Clear topic sentence:At the start of the extract, Herbert…/In the middle of the extract, / Towards the end of the extract

HOW?How is this tone created?

What evidence do you have?

Higher grades: Short, concise

quotations Quotations from

across the text

WHY?Why does this evidence help to create a particular tone and why does it support Herbert’s perspective?

Analysis and inference:

Suggests / implies / infers / connotes / demonstrates etc

Structural techniques

What structural features has Herbert employed across her piece and how do they help her to convey her perspective on the hunting of the narwhal?

WHAT?What structural feature has Herbert employed?

Clear topic sentence:Herbert uses dashes within her writing to convey… / The use of repetition in this extract helps Herbert to

HOW?How are these features used?

What evidence do you have?

Higher grades: Short, concise

quotationsQuotations from across the text

WHY?Why does Herbert use this structural feature and how does it help to support her perspective?

Analysis and inference:

Suggests / implies / infers / connotes / demonstrates etc

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The Explorer’s Daughter by Kai HerbertSummary: As a small child, Kari Herbert lived, with her family, among the Inughuit people (sometimes called Eskimos) in the harsh environment of the Arctic. In 2002 she revisited the area, staying near Thule, a remote settlement in the snowy wastes of north Greenland. In this passage she writes about her experience of watching a hunt for the narwhal, a toothed whale, and what she thought and felt about it.

Pers

pect

ive

and

idea

s

Respect for the bravery of the hunters

A foolhardy exercise and one that can only inspire respect

adj – foolhardy / verb – inspire / noun – respect / multi clause sentence

Lang

uage

and

tone

At the beginning,

descriptive tone

plumes of sprayspectral play of colour

So brave adj – brave SlowlyHe was miles away from land…and could easily be capsized and drowned

adv – easily / verbs – capsized / drowned / clause – he was miles away from land

glittering kingdomevening lightbutter-gold

Recognition that the narwhal is an essential part of the Inughuit diet

The narwhal is an essential contributor to the survival of the hunters in the High Arctic

adj – essential / noun – survival Glintingbillows of smoke

It was crucial to her that her husband caught a narwhal

adj – crucial In the middle,

factual tone

rich in necessary minerals and vitamins

Use every part adj – every rich source of vitamin CIt was part of their staple diet adj – staple only source of light Rich in necessary minerals and vitamins

adj – rich / adj – necessary / nouns – minerals / vitamins

dark rich meat is still a valuable part of the diet

Rich source of vitamin c adj – rich / noun – vitamin c Ivory tusk used for harpoon tipsValuable part of the diet adj – valuable

Only source of light and heat adj – onlyAdmiration and awe for the narwhals

The narwhal are intelligent creatures. Their senses are keen and they talk to one another.

adj – intelligent / adv – keen / clause – they talk to one another

In the middle,

conflicted tone

In that split second my heart leapt for both hunter and narwhalI urged the man on in my head

Spectral play of colour. noun phrase: adj – spectral / noun – play

And yet at the same time my heart also urged the narwhal

Slowly, methodically adv – slowly, methodicallyTheir beauty noun – beauty Towards

the end,

Resolute tone

Hunting is still an absolute necessity in Thule.Glittering kingdom noun phrase: adj – glittering / noun –

kingdomHearing is particularly developed

verb phrase – particularly developed

Sharp intake of breath adj – sharpInner conflict

I understand the harshness of life in the Arctic and the needs of the hunters and their families

verb – understand – context / noun – needs / noun – families

Stru

ctur

ePerson 1st person account with the context being significant. Herbert had lived among the

Inughuit people but is from Britain. She has an understanding of both cultures and the expectations and norms within both.

Whole text Recount text recalling an event that has happened in the past. Use of past tense verbs to describe actions that have already happened.

My heart also urged the narwhal to dive, to leave, to survive.

noun – heart / verb – urged / tricolon – to dive, to leave to survive (verbs)

Sentences Multi clause sentences particularly in descriptive sections of the extract.Short sentences for impact / contrast / shock. Pgh 1 – a short sentence embedded within complex sentences for dramatic impact ‘The hunters were dotted all around the fjord.’

Punctuation Parenthesis provides extra information or contrasting tones. (a single narwhal can feed a team of dogs for an entire month). / (although the ivory was found to be brittle and not hugely satisfactory as a weapon)Dashes – in that split second my heart leapt for both hunter and narwhal. I urged the man on in my head, he was so close, and so brave to attempt what he was about to do.