Rishi Aurobindo Memorial Academy

134 P. K. Guha Road DumDum Kol-28

Study Material of 1/4/2020

For Class Nursery to Nine

Class Nursery

Subject

Topic

Execution

English

· Practice book

· Golden Rhymes

· Pg 7, 8 (write)

· Let us pray

Listen and Repeat

Math

· Practice book

· Pg 36 (Write)

Class KG I

Subject

Topic

Execution

English

· Work Book

· Pg 7,8 (Write)

Letters D d, E e,

Math

· Work Book

· Pg 94 (write)

Heavy and light

Bengali

· সাহিত্য মুকুল Pg 6

· অনুশীলনী ৪/৫/৬ (Write)

Hindi

· Pg 32

· Listen and repeat

Class KG II

Subject

Topic

Execution

English (Term I Book)

· Pg 48

· Making words (write)

Science (Term I Book)

· Pg 123

· Read & learn

Bengali

· এসো লিখি লেখা শিখি

· Pg 3 (Write)

Hindi

· सरल हिंदी माला

· उ की मात्रा

· Pg 42 (Read & write)

· Write 5 words

Class I

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

English 1

Chapter 2 One and many

Page 13 D. Add “ s”aur“es” to these words to show many.

1)Church -churches2)bottle -bottles3)hand -hands

4)eraser –erasers

5) fish -fishes

6)ruler –rulers

7) radish –radishes 8)shoe -shoes

9)pencil -pencils 10)book -books

English 2

Chapter excuse me please

Page 28

Complete the sentences:-

1)Raghu lives in a village.

2)He loves to play with his animals and birds.

3)People became angry with Raghu.

4)Raghu’s goat eats the gardener’s roses.

5)His chicks peck at the old man’s head.

6)His hens make the women’s kitchen dirty.

EVS

Chapter 7 clothes

Book Page 124 and 126

Think and answer:-

Write True or false:-1) Clothes protect us from insect bites—true.

2) We need clothes to be healthy—false.

3) Clothes help us to cover our body—true.

4) Clothes help us to study better—false.

Page126:-Match the following:-

1) We should take good--b) care of our clothes.

2) Keep your clothes --- © neat and tidy.

3)Wear -- (a)ironed clothes.

MATHS

Chapter 3

Comparison of numbers:-

Greater than--We use the symbol ‘>’for greater than.

Less than--We use the symbol ‘<’ for less than.

Equal to-- We use the symbol ‘=’ for equal to.

Put the correct sign:-

a)9 > 1 b)7 = 7

c)5 < 6 d) 6 = 6

e) 7 < 8

Rest do as H.W

page 185

COMPUTER

CHAPTER 2 (PARTS OF A COMPUTER)

WE HAVE OUR BODY PARTS TO DO DIFFERENT WORK SUCH AS EYES TO SEE, EARS TO HEAR, LEGS TO WALK,ETC. A COMPUTER ALSO HAS SOME PARTS.

THERE ARE FOUR MAIN PARTS OF A COMPUTER

1. CPU-CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT, IT IS THE BRAIN OF A COMPUTER.

2. MONITOR-LOOKS LIKE A TELEVISION SET, IT DISPLAYS PICTURES AND TEXTS.

3. KEYBOARD-HAS MANY KEYS, IT IS USED TO TYPE ALPHABETS, NUMBERS AND SYMBOLS.

4. MOUSE-HAS TWO CLICK BUTTONS AND ONE SCROLL WHEEL, IT IS A POINTING DEVICE.

Q1) NAME THE MAIN PARTS OF A COMPUTER.

Ans) THE MAIN PARTS OF A COMPUTER ARE CPU, MONITOR, KEYBOARD AND MOUSE.

Q2) WHICH PART IS CALLED THE BRAIN OF A COMPUTER?

Ans) CPU IS THE BRAIN OF A COMPUTER.

Q3) WHAT IS THE FULL FORM OF CPU?

Ans) CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT.

Class II

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

Eng literature

Poem The game

Pg 26

Learn 8 lines from the poem along with spelling

Read and find

qs 1. What game is this poem about?

Ans. Football

Qs 2. What do they do when a goal is made?

Ans. clap

Qs 3 rhyming words-

Ans . Same- game

Made- played

Yard – hard

Run- fun

Eng language

Ch 2 one and many

Learn all the singular and plural noun from

Pg- 15

Pg -15 [refer from the book ]

Answers-

1.bottles 2.buses 3.teeth

4.oranges 5.branches 6.boxes

7.donkeys 8.bunnies 9.children

10.sentences 11.flowers 12.mangoes

13.feet 14.mice 15.peaches

16.bushes 17.flies 18.foxes 19ladies

20. strawberries

EVS

CH 2 My body

Refer to pg 98

Learn these

Qs a] Write true or false

Do in the book

Answers

1.False 2.true 3.false 4true 5true

Qs. B- Fill in the blanks with the given words.

ANSWERS- 1.machine 2.head

3. lungs 4.teeth 5. heart

Hindi

Chapter -3

बादल कैसे बनते हैं प्रश्न उत्तर

3.बदलतेमौसम को देखकरबच्चों के मन में कौन सा प्रश्न आया?

उत्तर:-बच्चों के मन में एक ही प्रश्न आ रहा था कि “ये बादल कैसे बनते हैं?”4.बच्चे गरमी से परेशान होकर क्या कर रहे थे?उत्तर:-बच्चे गरमी से परेशान होकर कोई पसीना पोछ रहा था और कोई किताब या कॉफी से हवा कर रहा था।

5.बादल कैसे बनते हैं?

उत्तर:-जब पानी भाप बनकर आसमान में उड़ जाते हैं, वहां भाप बूंदे बनकर आपस में जुड़ जाते हैं और बादल बन जाते हैं।

Bengali

বই–বাংলাসাহিত্যপরিচয়

কবি–বড়কে

অনুশীলনীরপ্রশ্নোত্তর

বাক্যরচনা

গুন = গুন ব্যক্তিকে মহান করে।

কঠিন = পাহাড়ে বেড়াতে যেতে আমি খুব ভালোবাসি।

অহংকার= অহংকার করা ভালো নয়।

হিতাহিত = হিতাহিত ভেবে কাজ করতে হয়।

Mathematics

CHAPTER 2 (ORDINAL NUMBERS)

Cardinal and Ordinal

1One 1stFirst

2Two 2ndSecond

3Three 3rdThird

4Four 4thFourth

5Five 5thFifth

6Six 6thSixth

7Seven 7thSeventh

8Eight 8thEighth

9Nine 9thNinth

10Ten 10thTenth

11Eleven 11thEleventh

12Twelve 12thTwelfth

13Thirteen 13thThirteenth

14Fourteen 14thFourteenth

15Fifteen 15thFifteenth

16Sixteen 16thSixteenth

17Seventeen 17thSeventeenth

18Eighteen 18thEighteenth

19Nineteen 19thNineteenth

20Twenty 20thTwentieth

LEARN AND PRACTICE CARDINAL AND ORDINAL NUMBERS UPTO 20.

Computer

CHAPTER 2 (TYPES OF COMPUTERS)

SUPERCOMPUTER

SUPER COMPUTER IS VERY LARGE INEXPENSIVE COMPUTERS. THEY ARE POWERFUL AND FASTEST COMPUTERS AND ARE USED IN WEATHER FORECASTING, NUCLEAR ENERGY RESEARCH, ETC

MAINFRAME COMPUTER

MAINFRAME COMPUTERS ARE VERY LARGE COMPUTERS.THEY ARE USED BY LARGE ORGANISATIONS FOR PROCESSING DATA AND SOLVING COMPLEX QUERIES IN BANKS AND GOVERNMENT OFFICES.

Q3) WHICH ONE IS LARGER IN SIZE--A DESKTOP OR A LAPTOP?

Ans) A DESKTOP IS LARGER IN SIZE.

Q4) PERSONAL COMPUTERS ARE ALSO CALLED SUPER COMPUTERS. IS THIS STATEMENT TRUE OR FALSE?

Ans) NO, PERSONAL COMPUTERS ARE NOT SUPER COMPUTERS.

Class III

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

ENGLISH I

CHAPTER 4 ARTICLES

Read thoroughly pg 11 and pg 12 From ch 3 [Articles]

Do the ex A [pg 12] in the book.

[ refer to pg 12]

EX – A ] TICK THE CORRECT OPTION.

ANSWERS-

1.An 2.An 3.A 4.An 5.A 6.A

7.An 8.A 9.An 10.An

SST

HERITAGE BUILDINGS

DONE IN THE PREVIOUS CLASS

Put a tick on a correct option:

1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C

Match the following:

1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C

Answer the following:

1. What is a heritage building?

Ans: A building which has same historic, cultural or architectural value is called a heritage building.

2. What do we learn from our heritage buildings?

Ans: Our heritage is the link to our past. India has a very rich heritage which reflects its glorious past.

3.Write a few lines about the Taj Mahal.

Ans: Taj Mahal is situated in Agra. Mughal emperor Shah Jahan built it in the memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal. It was completed in 1653.

4.Why does Hawa Mahal have Jharokhas?

Ans: Hawa Mahal have Jharokhas to allow royal ladies to observe everyday life and festivals celebrated in the streets below without being seen since they had to obey strict rules of purdah.

4. What do you know about the iron pillar near Qutub Minar?

Ans: The Iron pillar near Qutub Minar is the fine example of the metal work. Withstanding exposure to the rain and storm, it has remained smooth and has not rusted till date

BENGALI

বই – আবোল – তাবোল

কবি – সুকুমার রায়

কবিতা – একুশে আইন

কবি সুকুমার রায় বাংলা শিশু সাহিত্যের একজন বিখ্যাত কবি।

তার আবোল – তাবোল কাব্যগ্রন্থের কবিতাগুলি যেমন শিশু মনোরঞ্জক তেমনি বেশ কিছু কবিতা গভীর অর্থবহ।

পাঠ্য - একুশে আইন কবিতাটিতে কবি বলতে চেয়েছেন কেবল নিয়মের বেড়াজালে আটকে থেকেই জীবন অতিবাহিত করা সম্ভব নয় । জীবনকে সঠিক পথে চালনা করতে গেলে অনেক ক্ষেত্রেই নিজের পথ নিজেকে তৈরী করে নিতে হয় ।

একুশে - আইন কবিতাটি কবির নাম সহ মুখস্থ করে আবৃত্তি অভ্যাস কর।

SCIENCE

COMMON INSECTS

Insects reproduce by laying eggs and baby insects develop themselves by different stages. Babies of some insects like Cockroaches, grasshoppers are look like their parent insects, they are called nymphs. They do not have wings. A nymph sheds its skin several times and changes into an adult. Babies of some and another insects like Butterflies, moths look different from their parent insects, they are called larvae.

Solved exercise question & answers:

B) Fill in the blanks:

5. Honeybees give us honey and beeswax.

C) Name any two:

1. Insects with wings – butterflies, mosquitoes.

2. Insects that have no wings – lice, ants.

3. Social insects – honeybees, ants.

HINDI

CHAPTER 4

चंदा मामा

शब्दार्थ:- कचहरी- न्यायालय जी - मन तरंग -उमंग निशा - रात

फूला न समाना -बहुत खुश होना बीनना -चुनना दीया -दीपक

प्रश्न उत्तर:-

1.निशा मामी अकेली क्यों घूमने चली गई?

उत्तर:- निशा मामी अकेली घूमने चली गई क्योंकि उनको सोने में अच्छा नहीं लग रहा था।

2. निशा मामी खुश होकर कहां कहां नाची?

उत्तर:-निशा मम्मी खुश होकर सागर पर, जंगल में और पहाड़ की चोटी पर नाची।

MATHEMATICS

Ch:4

Addition:

The result obtained after addition is called the sum.

Addition without Regrouping:

Column addition of 3-digit numbers

We have learnt earlier classes the addition of 2-digit numbers without regrouping (carrying).

We shall solve problems on addition of 3-digit numbers (without regrouping) by using the same method.

Exercise:8

Add together:

13. 4 3 2 15. 5 6 1

+3 5 0 +3 2 6

7 8 2 8 8 7

16. 2 7 4 17. 6 1 4

2 5 1 7 3

+6 0 0 +2 0 2

8 9 9 9 8 9

18. 3 0 5

8 3

+4 0 1

7 8 9

19. Write in columns and add, write the sum in words: (c) 143+504+240

(d) 214+221+463

Solution:

(c) 1 4 3

5 0 4

+2 4 0

8 8 7

Sum in words = Eight hundred eighty seven

(d) 2 1 4

2 2 1

+4 6 3

8 9 8

Sum in words = Eight hundred ninety eight.

Class IV

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

English language

Pronouns

A pronoun is a word that is used instead of a noun that has already been mentioned or is already known. Example: Jeet said that Jeet had finished readingthe book Jeet had bought last week. Rewrite the sentence by using pronoun: Jeet said that he had finished reading the book he had bought last week.

Rewrite each of the following sentences, replacing a noun with a pronoun wherever possible: (solution)

1. Rima looked at the hill in the distance. She wanted to climb the hill.

2. The teacher told her students that they must listen carefully to what he/she told them.

3. Sohrab was Rustum's son, but they had never met.

4. Jim wanted to play and so he looked for his bat and ball.

5. When Jim was walking down the road, a boy waved to him from the other side of the road, but he could not remember where he had met that boy before.

MATHEMATICS

Ch:4

Addition:

Ch:4

Addition:

Word problems:

The concept of addition is used in many daily life situations. We should read the problem and find out what is to be done, then solve it.

Word problems:

Exercise:9

Example:2

Boy scouts sold 13874 stickers. Girl guides sold 29239 stickers. How many stickers did they sell?

Solution:

Stickers sold by scouts = 13874

Stickers sold by guides = + 29239

Total stickers sold43113

They sold 43113 stickers.

Exercise:

9. Reena subtracted 23789 from a number. The reminder was 9805. What was the number she started with? Write the number sentence.

· Solution:

Reena subtracted = 23789

The reminder = +9805

The number was 33594

Reena subtracted 23789 from 33594.

11. The male population of a village is 830 more than the female population. Find the male population and the total population if the female population is 23512.

· Solution:

The female population = 23512

Male population more than female=830 Male population 24342

Male population = 24342

Female population =+23512

Total population 47854

Total population of the village is 47854.

Exercise:9

15. A school library has 25035 books in English, 48509 books in Hindi and 12999 books in other languages. How many books are there in the library?

· Solution:

English books = 25035

Hindi books = 48509

Other language books =+12999

Total books = 86543

There are 86543 books in the library.

16. Rajesh spent Rs. 68935 during the year on food and clothing. He paid Rs. 24840 as rent for the house in that year. He saved Rs.5350. How much did he earn during the year?

· Solution:

Food and clothing Rs. 68935

House rent Rs. 24840

Saved Rs. +5350

Total earning Rs. 99125

He earned during the year Rs. 99125.

Social studies

Major landforms on earth

Landforms are the natural features that exist on the surface of the Earth. Depending on the elevation and slope, landforms can be grouped as mountains, plateaus, plains and deserts.

Mountains:

A mountain is a large landform that stands above the surrounding land in a limited area. A series of mountains is called a mountain range.

Usefulness of mountains:

Mountains are a storehouse of water.

Water authorities make reservoirs and pump the water.

Mountains have a rich variety of flora and fauna.

People visit mountains for their scenic beauty.

1. What are landforms?

Ans: Landforms are the natural features and shapes that exist on the surface of the Earth.

2. What is a mountain?

Ans: A mountain is a large landform that stands above the surrounding land in a limited area.

3. What is a mountain range?

Ans: A series of mountains is called a mountain range.

4. Give two usefulness of mountains.

Ans: Mountains are a storehouse of water.

Mountains have a rich variety of flora and fauna.

বই–বাংলাভাষাপরিচয়

পাঠ–৬– বচন

ব্যাকরণেবচনকথাটিরঅর্থহলোসংখ্যা।

১। একবচনওবহুবচনরূপলেখো :-

ছেলে = ছেলেরা , ছেলেদের / মেয়ে = মেয়েরা , মেয়েদের / ছাত্র = ছাত্রগণ / বালক = বালকরা , বালকগণ/ বালিকা = বালিকারা , বালিকাগণ / বই = বইগুলি / বইটা = বইগুলি / নর = নরকুল / ছাত্র = ছাত্রবৃন্দ / পুষ্প = পুষ্পরাজি / জ্যোতিষ্ক = জ্যোতিষ্কমন্ডলী / মহিলা = মহিলামহল / প্রজা = প্রজাবর্গ / পাখি = পাখিসব / যুব = যুবদল / মেঘ = মেঘমালা / বিষয় = বিষয়সমূহ / বৃক্ষ = বৃক্ষরাজি / লোক = অনেকলোক / কাহিনী = নানাকাহিনী

Hindi

2ndlang

जादू

* अपना लक्ष्य मनुष्य को खुद बनाना चाहिए

* कोई भी मंजिल सी नहीं जिसे पाया नाजा सके।

* हर मनुष्यजो कुछ भी सीखता है चाहे वह पढ़ाई लिखाई हो या काम काज हमेशा अभ्यास करना चाहिए।

* कोशिश करने वालों की कभी हार नहीं होती।

जैसा कि इस कहानी में बताया गया है।

द्रोणाचार्यनेजबकुएंमेंअंगूठीसेकीतोकॉलमुस्कुरारहाथा?

द्रोणाचार्य ने अंगूठी के मांगी ?

अर्जुन एक या शंका जताई ?

1) सभी कुछ कैसे संभव है ?

2) बच्चों की शास्त्र शिक्षा के लिए गुरु द्रोणाचार्य को क्यों नियुक्त किया गया ?

3) आप द्रोणाचार्य के किन-किन बातों से प्रभावित हुए ?

4) एक अच्छे खिलाड़ी में कौन कौन से गुण होने चाहिए ?

उत्तर–

1) गुरु द्रोणाचार्य ने जब कोई में अंगूठी से की तो दुर्योधन मुस्कुरा रहे थे।

2) द्रोणाचार्य ने अंगूठी बच्चों को जादू दिखाने के लिए मांगी ।

3) गेद तो पानी के ऊपर कर रही है और वह दिखाई दे रही है पर मोटी तो सीधे पानी के नीचे चली गई जो दिखाई नहीं दे रही है तो निकलेगी कैसे ?

4) पहले ही गेंद में लगी दूसरी तीसरी सिको की लंबी सिढी बन गई फिर आराम से डोर की तरह खींचकर गेद निकाल ली गई उसी तरह से अंगूठी भी निकाल ली गई ।

5) गुरु द्रोणाचार्य ने बच्चों को जंगल में अच्छी सीख दी थी इसलिए शास्त्र शिक्षा के लिए उन्हें नियुक्त किया गया ।

6) गुरु द्रोणाचार्य कासिखाने का तरीका औरदृढनिश्चय होना ।

7) सबसे पहले बच्चों में कुछ भीसीखने का चाह होना चाहिए और एकाग्रता भी होनी चाहिए कुछ करने का दृढ निश्चय बनना चाहिए ।

Class V

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

বই–বাংলা ভাষা পরিচয়

পাট ১ - ভাষা ও ব্যাকরণ

৪। লেখ ভাষা কাকে বলে?

উঃ লেখার মাধ্যম হিসেবে যে ভাষা ব্যবহৃত হল তাই হয়ে উঠলো লেখ্য ভাষা ।

৫। কথ্য ভাষা কাকে বলে?

উঃ আমরা যে ভাষায় যেভাবে কথা বলি তাই কথ্য ভাষা ।

৬। সাধু ভাষা কাকে বলে?

উঃ গুরুগম্ভীর সংস্কৃত ভাষার প্রভাব বিশিষ্ট বাংলা ভাষাইহলো সাধু ভাষা।

৭। চলিত ভাষা কাকে বলে?

উঃসাধু ভাষার অপেক্ষাকৃত সহজ সরল রূপ যে ভাষায় আমরা কথা বলি তাই হলো চলিত ভাষা।

৮। গুরুচন্ডালী দোষ কি?

উঃ সাধু ভাষা উদ্ভাশ মিলিয়ে বলা বা লেখার যে ভ্রান্তি তাকে বলে গুরুচণ্ডালী দোষ।

MATHEMATICS

Ch:2

Numbers and Number Names

Roman Numerals

The seven basic Roman numerals are: I, V, X, L, C, D and M.

The numerals stand respectively for 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000.

I = 1

V = 5

X = 10

L = 50

C = 100

D = 500

M = 1000

Exercise:6

1. Compare(using >, < or =)

(a) XCI ___ LXII, (c) LIX ___ C, (d) XCVI ___ LXVI, (f) CXCI ___ CLXXIV.

Solution: (a) >, (C) <, (d) >, (f) >

2. Write the equivalent Roman numeral in the box:

(d) CC – X =

(e) CLXI – CXL =

(f) CXCIV – CLXIX =

Solution: (d) CXC, (e) XXI, (f)XXV

3. Write the following in Roman numerals:

(g) 199, (h) 200, (i) 164, (j) 197

Solution: (g) 199 = CXCIX, (h) 200 = CC

(i) 164 = CLXIV, (j) 197 = CXCVII

4. Write the following in Hindu-Arabic numerals:

(a) XLIX, (b) XCV, (c) CLXXI, (d) CXLVIII, (e)CXCIV

Solution:

(a) XLIX = 49, (b) XCV = 95, (c) CLXXI = 171

(d) CXLVIII = 148, (e) CXCIV = 194

Science

Chapter 1 - The Circulatory System 

The sensation of rhythmic movement of blood in the arteries is called pulse. 

To keep our heart healthy we should have –

1) healthy food and

2) do regular exercise and yoga . 

Answer these questions 

3)What is a heartbeat? How do doctors listen to the heart beats? 

Ans - The pumping sound of the heart is called a heartbeat.  Doctors use stethoscope to listen to heart beats.  

4)Why is yoga good for our heart ? 

Ans - Yoga is good for our heart because it keeps our heart healthy, lower blood pressure and mental stress . 

English 2

Robinson Crusoe

Robinson Crusoe is the name book by Daniel Defoe. Daniel Defoe was born in 1616. His father was a butcher, and Daniel Defoe worked at a number of trades before he started to write, at the age of 40.he wrote poems and occasionally wrote criticisms of the government. Sometimes he was sent to prison. When he was nearly 60 he wrote the story of Robinson Crusoe it was a great success, and has been popular with children It is the first great English novel. In this short piece from the book Robinson Crusoe, tells us how he became shipwrecked

Opposites

a. Gigantic X tiny

b. Exhausted X fresh

c. Raging X calm

d. Dangerous X safe

e. Discover X hide

f. Damaged X repair

g. Tame X wild

h. Carefully X carelessly

i. Plenty X scanty

Homework: learn the meanings given at the end of the chapter.

COMPUTER

CHAPTER 1 (CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMPUTER)

DONE IN THE PREVIOUS CLASS

PAGE NUMBER 4

FILL IN THE BLANKS

5.A PROGRAM 6.HARDWARE

7. MISTAKES 8.GIGO

9. PRIMARY,SECONDARY 10.RAM

PAGE NUMBER 6,7

C. FILL IN THE BLANKS

1) ELECTRONIC, INPUTS, OUTPUTS

2) PRIMARY,SECONDARY 3) ALU

4) ROM 5) STORAGE

D. WRITE TRUE AND FALSE

1) TRUE 2) TRUE 3) TRUE

4) FALSE 5) FALSE

E. TICK THE CORRECT ANSWER

1. CONTROL UNIT 2. RAM

2. WHICH IS NOT AN OPERATION OF A COMPUTER?

a) PROCESSING b) INPUT

c) SOFTWARE d) OUTPUT

Ans) c) SOFTWARE [ALL THE OPTIONS GIVEN IN THE BOOK ARE ALL THE OPERATIONS OF A COMPUTER, SO EARLIER OPTION c) STORAGE HAS BEEN REPLACED BY NEW OPTION c) SOFTWARE.]

4. INPUT 5.BUS

Hindi

2nd lang

बापू की बकरी

इस कविता में कवि हमें बकरी के माध्यम से हमें कुछ सिखाना चाहते हैं।

· जन्म से मृत्यु तक हम मनुष्य कुछ ना कुछ सीखते हैं कभी किताबों से तो कभी आसपास की घटनाओं से तो कभी पशु पक्षियों से।

· जैसे कवि ने बकरी के माध्यम से हमें अपने जीवन को संतोष पूर्ण या जीवन को सुंदर बनाने की प्रेरणा दी है जो मिले उसी में संतोष कर लेना चाहिए यही मनुष्य की अच्छी प्रवृत्ति होनी चाहिए।

3. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए।

क) बकरी को सारे लोग क्या कहते थे ?

ख) बकरी का दूध पीने से क्या लाभ होता है ?

ग)बकरी क्या क्या खाती है ?

घ) प्रस्तुत कविता में फूलों औरकाटोंशब्द से क्या तात्पर्य है ?

ड०)प्रस्तुत कविता में हमें क्या संदेश मिलती है ?

च) बकरी का किन जीवन मूल्यों पर विश्वास है ?

छ) सत्य और अहिंसा पर चलने से क्या लाभ होता है ?

ज) हम बकरी के किस गुण को अपने जीवन में उतार सकते हैं ?

उत्तर-

1) बकरी को सारे लोग बापू की बकरी कहते थे।

2) बकरी का दूध पीने से कई तरह के रोग नहीं होते हैं।

3) बकरी घास, पत्ते ,चना खाते हैं।

4) फूलों का मतलब सुंदरता से है, कांटों का मतलब बेरुखी से है।

5) यह कविता हमें जीवन को सुंदर ढंग से जीने और संतोष करना सिखाती है।

6) उसे सत्य अहिंसा पर विश्वास है ।

7) इस रास्ते पर चलने से हमें मन की संतुष्टि मिलती है और हम कभी हारेंगे नहीं।

8) बकरी को जो कुछ भी मिलता है वह उसी में खुश रहती है इससे हमें संतुष्टि का अनुभव होता है जो मिले उसी में खुश रहना , सत्य और अहिंसा के पथ पर ही चलना इन गुणों को हम अपने जीवन में उतार सकते हैं ।

Class VI

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

BENGALI(2ND LANGUAGE)

অধ্যায় ১০

“ হিমালয়ের পথে” -

(প্রবোধকুমার সান্যাল

'হরিদ্বার থেকে ............।

শক্তি , সাহস, ধৈর্য ও দুঃখের পরীক্ষা '।

লেখক এই গল্পে হিমালয়ের এক দুর্গম অথচ রোমাঞ্চকর পথে ভ্রমণের বর্ণনা দিয়েছেন ।

হরিদ্বার থেকে লছমনঝোলা হয়ে হাঁটাপথে দেবপ্রয়াগ ।

হিমালয় পর্বত শোভা ও সৌন্দর্যের লীলাভূমি ।

দেবপ্রয়াগ থেকে ২৪ মাইল পথ গিয়ে

রুদ্রপ্রয়াগ ।

রুদ্রপ্রয়াগের পথটা দু ভাগে বিভক্ত । প্রথমভাগে কেদারনাথের কঠিন ও দুরূহ পথে ভ্রমণ -একটা শক্তি , সাহস , ধৈর্য ও দুঃখের পরীক্ষা । শুধু ভ্রমণপথ বর্ণনা নয় , সেখানকার দরিদ্রমানুষের জীবনের বর্ণনা দিয়েছেন লেখক ।

১।“ হিমালয়ের পথে” এই কাহিনীটি কোথা থেকে গৃহীত ?

উ-” মহাপ্রস্থানের পথে” নামক ভ্রমণকাহিনী থেকে ।

২। প্রথম চারদিন কোথায় হেঁটেছেন ?

উ - হরিদ্বার থেকে লছমনঝোলা হয়ে হাঁটাপথে দেবপ্রয়াগ-নামক ছোটো পাহাড়ি শহরে পৌঁছেছিলেন ।

৩। দেবপ্রয়াগ থেকে রুদ্রপ্রয়াগ দূরত্ব কত ?

উ- চব্বিশ মাইল ।

৪। কোথায় পথটা দুভাগে ভাগ হয়েছে ?কি কি ?

উ - রুদ্রপ্রয়াগে দু ভাগে ভাগ হয়েছে ।

প্রথম ভাগ -কেদারনাথের দিকে ।

দ্বিতীয় ভাগ -বদ্রীনাথের দিকে ।

৫। প্রথমে লেখকরা কোথায় গেলেন ?

উ- কেদারনাথের দিকে ।

Hindi

2nd lang

नीलू (महादेवी वर्मा)

हम अपने घर बाहर मित्रों के घरों में कई पशु पक्षियों को पलते देखते हैं पालन करता अपने पालतू जानवर को अपने बच्चे से भी बढ़कर देखभाल करता है इसी वजह से पशु भी उनसे काफी लगाओ रखते हैं हम मनुष्य कितना स्वार्थी है पर पशु कभी भी स्वार्थी और बेईमान नहीं होते और अपने मालिक के प्रति काफी वफादार होते हैं।

वह अपनी प्रिया कलाप उसे हमेशा अपने मालिक के दुख तकलीफ को दूर करने की कोशिश करते हैं जिस पर आलू सीने कवित्री की भरपूर सेवा की अपनी जान देकर भी।

उसकी बेटी नीलू ने भी कवित्री का भरपूर प्यार पाया और अपने जीवन के अंत तक कवित्री का साथ दिया ।

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए ।

1.”वह मां के पेट की उष्णता खोजता और ना पाने पर रोता चिल्लाता रहता ।“

क) पाठ का नाम और लेखक का नाम बताइए।

ख) कौन अपने मां को खोजता था?

ग)यहा किसके बारे में बात हो रही है ?

घ)नीलू की क्या विशेषता है?

ड०)नीलू को उसकी प्रिय खाद्मय वस्तु फेक कर देने पर वह क्या करता था ।

च) लूसी की मित्रता किसके साथ हो गई थी?

छ)लोग लूसी को कहां भेजते थे और क्यों ?

ज) किस घटना से पता चलता है कि नीलू भावुक था ।

उत्तर –

3) पाठ का नाम नीलू और लेखिका का नाम महादेवी वर्मा ।

4) बच्चा नीलू मां को खोजता था।

ग )लेखिकाउसवक्तकीबातकररहीहैजबनीलूकीमांकादेहांतहोजाताहैऔरउसकाबच्चा भूखसे तडपता है औरअपनीमांकेशारीरिकगर्मीकोखोजताहैउसकीबेचैनीकोलेखिका ऊनी सवेटर रखकर समभालती है।

घ)नीलू देखने में धूप छाय रंग कीथी उसकीउसक आंखें सुनहरी रंग की बिल्कुल मधुर जैसी लगती थी वह बहुत परोपकारी थी स्वामीभकत था।

ड० वह उसकी तरफ घूम कर भी नहीं देखता था ।

च)एलसेसियन कुत्ते जैसी।

छ)लोग लूसी को बाजार या दुकानों में भेजते थे सामान लाने के लिए।

ज)यह घटना तब की है जब गौरैया के छोटे-छोटे अंडों को बड़े पक्षियों से बचाने में लेखिका कि मदद करता था उसको सुरक्षित जगह पहुंचाने में और उनसे जब छोटे बच्चे निकले नीलू उनकी पहरेदार भी करता था यह बहुत ही भावुक होकरअपने कर्तव्य का पालन करता था।

BIOLOGY

Chapter – Cell The Basic Unit of Life

Some Cell organelles and their function 

Cell Organelles

Functions

Cell membrane

Provides shape, protects the inner organelle of the cell and acts as a selectively permeable membrane.

Centrosomes

It plays a major role in organizing the microtubule and Cell division.

Chloroplasts

Sites of photosynthesis.

Cytoplasm

Responsible for the cell’s metabolic activities.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Forms the skeletal framework of the cell, involved in the Detoxification, production of Lipids and proteins.

Golgi apparatus

It is mainly involved in secretion and intracellular transport.

Lysosomes

Helps in the digestion and removes wastes and digests dead and damaged cells. Therefore, it is also called as the “suicidal bags”.

Mitochondria

The main sites of cellular respiration and also involved in storge energy in the form of ATP molecules.

Nucleus

Controls the activity of the cell, helps in cell division and controls the hereditary characters.

Plastids

Helps in the process of photosynthesis and pollination, Imparts colour for leaves, flowers and fruits and stores starch, proteins and fats.

Ribosomes

Involved in the Synthesis of Proteins.

Vacuoles

Provide shape and rigidity to the plant cell and helps in digestion, excretion, and storage of substances.

Q) Differentiate between unicellular and multicellular organisms. 

Ans - Unicellular organism are made up of single cell. Multicellular organisms are made up of more than one cell. 

Q ) Why are the guard cells of stomata bean shaped and the skin cells flat ? 

Ans - Guard cells are bean shaped which helps them to open and close the stoma. Skin cells are flat which help them to protect the underlying part of the body. 

Q ) “A cell is the structural unit of life. ‘’Explain. 

Ans - All living organisms are made up of cells that is why it is called the structural unit of life. 

English 2

In the tunnel E. Nesbit

In a tunnel by E. Nesbit describes what it is like to going into a tunnel, by a train. When the grown-up people pull up the window and hold them by the strap and the railway carriage suddenly grows like night, then slowly the darkness disappears as the train moves out of the tunnel. But everything is quite different when one walks into a tunnel. This story describes one such experience by three children namely, Peter, Phyllis, and Bobbie who walks into a tunnel and faces an advancing train passing the tunnel.

2. In your own words, explain what is meant by the following.

a. The dip and catch of the telegraph wires - it means the telegraph which catches or carries the telegraph signals for signals of code information.

b. Straight-cut hawthorn hedges- a bush or small tree with thorns, white pink flowers and small dark red berries.

c. Sickly green- a colour so pale that it looks unpleasant.

d. Half a yard of gathers- gathering is a sewing technique for shortening the length of a strip of fabric so that the longer piece can be attached to a shorter piece or rows of running stitches are sewn along one edge of the fabric to be gathered.

e. A silly cuckoo- showing or marked by a lack of good sense or judgement. A person who is silly or crazy.

f. Manhole- a small covered opening in a paved area allowing access beneath, especially one leading to a sewer.

Homework- Pg. 99 . No.4 complete the following.

MATHS

Topic: Numbers

Chapter : Numbers in Indian and International systems.

Some solved sums from Exercise – 3.

2) Write the following numerals using Indian system or International system in words.

4,35,342 :

Indian system : Four lakh thirty-five thousand three hundred forty two.

International system : Four hundred thirty- five thousand three hundred forty two.

(iv) 75,132,684 :

Indian system(7,51,32,684) : Seven crore fifty -one lakh thirty-two thousand six hundred eighty-four.

International System : Seventy-five million one hundred thirty-two thousand six hundred eighty- four.

(vi) 5,420,700 :

Indian System( 54,20,700) : Fifty-four lakh twenty thousand seven hundred.

International system : Five million four hundred twenty thousand seven hundred.

3) Write the following numbers, placing the commas, according to Indian System.

(ii) 35640254= 3,56,40,254

(iii) 2826040 = 28,26,040

4) Write the following numbers, placing the commas, according to International system.

(ii) 428140584 = 428,140,584

(iii) 63560981 = 63,560,981

5) Fill in the blanks:

(i) Four lakh sixty seven thousand three hundred six.

In numeral form : 4,67,306

In International system : 467,306

In International numeration : Four hundred sixty seven thousand three hundred six.

6) Fill in the blanks:

(ii) Two million three hundred ten thousand one hundred four.

In numeral form : 2,310,104

In Indian system : 23,10,104

In Indian numeration : Twenty- three lakh ten thousand one hundred four.

In International numerals : 2,310,104.

Class VII

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

Hindi

2ndlang

लिंग

शब्द का वह रूप जिसके द्वारा यह ज्ञात हो कि वह पुरुष जाति का है अथवा स्त्री जाति का उसे लिंग कहते हैं। जैसे- लड़की किताब पढ़ रही है।, पापा बाजार जाएंगे।

लिंग दो प्रकार की होती है–

स्त्रीलिंग–शब्द के जिस रूप से स्त्री जाति का बोध हो उसे स्त्रीलिंग कहते हैं।जैसे -बालिका ,औरत, घोड़ी आदि

पुल्लिंग --शब्द के जिस रूप से पुरुष जाति का बोध हो उसे पुल्लिंग कहते हैं जैसे पति आदमी वाला घोड़ा आदि।

H.W

निम्नलिखित पुल्लिंग और स्त्रीलिंग शब्दों को अलग करके लिखिए।

अरावली, नर ,मुर्गा, मच्छर ,शिक्षा,कावा,मंत्री हिरनी,लड़का बुद्धि मती,गुणवती,श्रीमान ,भारत ,गेहूं, सोमवार, मंगलवार,पूर्णिमा

বই–বাংলা সাহিত্য পরিচয়

পাঠ–৫ -কুলি মজুর অনুশীলনের প্রশ্নোত্তর

৩।ক) চোখ ফেটে এল জলকার , কেনচোখ ফেটে জল এলো ?

উঃকবি কাজী নজরুল ইসলামের চোখে জল এলো কারণ তিনি চোখের সামনে দেখলেন রেল স্টেশনে এক উচ্চবিত্ত বাবুআরএকনিম্নশ্রেণির কুলিকে ঠেলে নিচে ফেলে দিলেন।

খ) ‘এমনি ক’রে কি জগৎ জুড়িয়া মার খাবে দুর্বল’ --- দুর্বল বলতে কাদের বোঝানো হয়েছে ? তারা কেন মার খাবে ?

উঃদুর্বল নিম্নশ্রেণীর মানুষকে বোঝানো । তারা নিম্নবিত্ত তাদের আর্থিক সঙ্গতি নেই তাই তারা তথাকথিত উচ্চবিত্ত মানুষের সমতুল্য হতে পারে না , এই মানুষের ধারণা।

গ) ‘ তুমি জানো ‘-- এখানে তুমি কে? সে কি জানে না?

উঃ এখানে তুমি অর্থে অত্যাচারী উচ্চবিত্ত শ্রেণিরমানুষকে বোঝানো হয়েছে, সেই উচ্চবিত্ত শ্রেণীর মানুষ জানেনা আর্থিক সঙ্গতি হীন নিম্ন শ্রেণীর মানুষের শ্রমের মূল্য কতখানি।

ঘ) ‘আসিতেছে শুভ দিন’ -- এখানে কোন দিনটিকে কেন শুভদিন বলা হয়েছে?

উঃ এখানে শুভ দিন মানে নতুনদিনের উত্থানকে বোঝানো হয়েছে। খেটে খাওয়া শ্রমিক শ্রেণী আর পড়ে পড়ে মার খাবে না তারা নব উদ্দীপনায় জেগে উঠবেই।

ঙ) ‘ তারাই মানুষ তারাই দেবতা গাহি তাহাদেরি গান‘-- কবি কাদের উদ্দেশ্যে কেন গান গাইতে চেয়েছেন ?

উঃ কবি খেটে খাওয়া শ্রমিক শ্রেণীর মানুষের জয়গান গাইতে চেয়েছেন,কারণ তারাই তাদের বলিষ্ঠ কাঁধে বয়ে নিয়ে চলেছে এই ধরণীর তরণীর হাল।

চ) ‘ এক মোহনায় দাঁড়াইয়া শোনো এক মিলনের বাঁশী ‘-- পংক্তিটির অর্থ কি ?

উঃ পংক্তিটির অর্থ হলো সমস্ত ভেদাভেদ ভুলে সকলে একত্রিত হয়ে এই পৃথিবীকে উন্নতির শিখরেপৌঁছেদিতে হবে, যেখানে কোন উচ্চনিচভেদাভেদ থাকবে না।

Geography

CHAPTER 7

EUROPE

Political Division

European Union is an economic and political union of 28 countries of Europe.

A milestone declaration was made when a single currency, Euro was introduced for 19 European Union members’ countries in 1999.

Russia is the largest country in Europe.

The Vatican City is the world’s smallest country

In 1990, the old political status of Germany was restored after East and West Germany were re-united to form a single nation.

Some Major Groups of Countries-

British Isles

Low Countries

Nordic Countries

Mediterranean Europe

Balkan States

Former Yugoslavia & Czechoslovakia

Independent Republics and Baltic State

1) How many Countries are there in European Union?

Ans- 28 countries.

2) What is Euro Currency?

Ans- Euro Currency is a single currency for 19 European Union member countries introduced in 1999.

3) What is the largest country in Europe?

Ans- Russia.

4) What is the smallest country in the world?

Ans- The Vatican City in Rome.

5) What are British Isles?

Ans- British Isles includes the island countries of Ireland and Great Britain.

Mathematics

Topic : Number System

Chapter: Rational Numbers.

Study item: Some solved sums from Exercise 2(B).

2) Compare :

(i) 3/5 and 5/7

Solution : For, 3/5 and 5/7

We get, 3×7 and 5×5

= 21 and 25

Since, 21<25

Therefore, 5/7 is greater than 3/5.

(iii). -3 and 11/4

Solution : For, -3/1 and 11/4

We get, -3×4 and 11×1

= -12 and 11

Since, -12<11

Therefore, -3 is greater than 11/4

(v) 0 and 3/4

Solution : For, 0/1 and ¾

We get, 0×4 and 3×1

= 0 and 3

Since, 0<3

Therefore, 0 is less than 3

3) (v). 5/-9 and -5/-9

Solution : 5/-9 and -5/-9

= -5/9 and 5/9

We get, -5×9 and 5×9

= -45 and 45

Since, -45<45

Therefore, 5/-9 is less than -5/-9

(vi) -7/8 and 5/-6

Solution : -7/8 and 5/-6

= -7/8 and -5/6

We get, -7×6 and 8×-5

= -42 and -40

Since, -42< -40

Therefore, -7/8 is less than 5/-6

4) Arrange the given rational numbers in ascending order.

(i) 7/10, -11/-30 and 5/-15

Solution : 7/10, 11/30 and -5/15

= 7×3/10×3 , 11×1/30×1 and -5×2/15×2 [ L.C.M. of 10, 30 and 15 = 30 ]

= 21/30, 11/30 and -10/30

Since, 21>11>-10

Therefore, -10/30<11/30<21/30

= 5/-15< -11/-30<7/10

5) Arrange the given rational numbers in descending order.

(ii) 3/-10, -13/30 and 8/-20

Solution : 3/-10 , -13/30 and 8/-20

= -3/10, -13/30 and -8/20

= -3×6/10×6, -13×2/30×2 and -8×3/20×3 [L.C.M. of 10,30 and 20 =60]

= -18/60 , -26/60 and -24/60

Since, -18>-24>-26

Therefore, -18/60> -24/60>-26/60

= 3/-10>8/-20>-13/30

6) Fill in the blanks:

(i) 5/8 and 3/10 are on the same side of zero.

(ii) -5/8 and 3/10 are on the opposite sides of zero.

(iii) -5/8 and -3/10 are on the same side of zero.

(iv) 5/8 and -3/10 are on the opposite sides of zero.

English Literature

Julius Caesarch-12

c) What was the profession of the first citizen?

Ans:- The first citizen was a carpenter.

d) What tools were these workers meant to carry?

Ans:- These workers were meant to carry their leather apron and their rule.

e) Why does Marullus get annoyed with the cobbler?

Ans:- Marullus got annoyed with the cobbler because he was beating around the bush and not answering him directly what his actual “trade” was.

f) Why do the citizens feel guilty?

Ans:- The citizens felt guilty because they were blamed of their unkindness to their former ruler Pompey. They were condemned by Flavius and Marullus Of their disloyalty.

g) What two special events are being celebrated on this day?

Ans:- This day was celebrated as the ‘Feast of Lupercal ’ as well as the arrival day of Caesar being the only ruler of Rome.

Biology

Among 4 types of animal tissue we already discuss the first one –epithelial tissue. Other three are –i)Connective tissue,

ii)Muscular tissue,

iii) Nervous tissue.

Connective tissue are of different types-a) Loose connective tissue-Areolar tissue, Adipose tissue, b) Dense connective tissue- Tendon, ligament, c) Supportive connective tissue- bone, cartilage, d) Fluid connective tissue –blood, lymph.

Among the above we already discuss fluid connective tissue.

Q 10. Write difference between tendon and ligament.

Tendon

Ligament

i) It connects muscle to a bone.

ii) It is formed of white fibrous tissues.

iii) Fibbers are formed of collagen protein.

iv) It helps in the movement of bone.

i)It connects two bones.

ii) It is formed by yellow elastic fibrous tissue.

iii) Fibers are formed of elastin protein.

iv) It restricts or limits the movement of bone.

Q11.Compare three muscular tissue cells.

Voluntary

Involuntary

Cardiac

i) Found over the skeleton in arms,legs,face.

ii) Have alternative dark and light band.

iii) One cell have multi-nucleus.

iv) Cells are elongated cylindrical.

i) found in the inner organs like food pipe, wind pipe.

ii) Don’t have any band.

ii) One cell have one nucleus.

iv) Cells are spindle in shape.

i) Found only in the heart.

ii) Have alternative dark light bands.

iii) One cell have one nucleus.

iv) Cells are elongated with multiple branches.

Homework.

Q12. Draw a labelled diagram of neuron.

History and civics

Medieval Europe-Rise and Spread of Christianity

The impact of monasteries:

1. The churches were the only centers of education where monks and nuns taught in Latin. Seven important subjects were introduced; as a result education started reaching the common man.

2. Ancient literature or classics helped in the revival of learning after the total collapse of the Roman empire in 1453 AD.

3. Monks took care of the poor, homeless and destitute. Later friars also helped the peasants.

4. Drama became the most powerful medium of learning. Plays were staged by the monks in the church.

5. Monks led a simple and holy life and taught people to be good and right. They set an example by their simple behaviour to behave in a similar way.

With the passage of time, the life style in the monasteries changed. Later the monks became owners of large estates and corruption set in. Martin Luther, a German friar, led a movement called the Reformation Movement.

1. Name the seven important subjects which were introduced by the monasteries.

Ans: The seven important subjects introduced were grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music.

2. How did the friars help the peasants?

Ans: Friars helped the peasants by giving them good advice and taught the Christian code of conduct to the common people.

3. Apart from books, which was the other method of learning?

Ans: Apart from books, drama became the most powerful medium of learning.

4. Who led the Reformation Movement?

Ans: Martin Luther, a German friar led to a movement called the Reformation Movement against the corruption which was set in the monasteries.

Class VIII

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

MATHEMATICS

Ch:3

Squares and Square roots

1. To find the square root of a perfect square number.

2. To find the square root of a number which is not a perfect square (using Division method)[Type a quote from the document or the summary of an interesting point. You can position the text box anywhere in the document. Use the Text Box Tools tab to change the formatting of the pull quote text box.]

Exercise:3(B)

Exercise:3(B)

· Example:15

Find the square root of:

(i) 3, correct to three places of decimal.

· Solution:

3 = 3.00 00 00 00

1. 7 3 2 0

(3.00 00 00 001)

1

(200189)

27

(11001029)

343

(71006924)

3462

(17600)

34640

· Example:16

Find the least number that must be subtracted from 2433 so that the reminder is a perfect square

· Solution:

4 9

(243316)

4

(833801)89

(32)

Clearly, if 32 is subtracted from 2433, the reminder will be a perfect square.

7. Find the square root of 7 correct to two decimal places; then use it to find the value of corrected to three significant digits.

· Solution:

= 2.645

Working:

2 . 6 4 5

(74)

(300276) 2

46

(24002096)524

(3040026425)

5285

(3975)

= = =

= = = 2.217 = 2.22

12. Find the least number which must be added to 1205 so that the resulting number is a perfect square.

· Solution:

Working:

3 4

(120509)

3

(305256) 64

(49)

Required number to be added = (35)2-1205

= 1225 – 1205 = 20

COMPUTER

CHAPTER 1 OPERATING SYSTEM(OS) AND GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE(GUI):ROLE AND FUNCTIONS.

THE TWO TECHNIQUES OF MULTIPROGRAMMING ARE -- TIME SHARING AND REAL TIME PROCESSING

TIME SHARING- IT IS METHOD REFERS TO THE ALLOCATION OF COMPUTER RESOURCES IN A TIME-DEPENDENT SLOT TO EXECUTE SEVERAL PROGRAMS.THE BASIC IDEA OF TIME SHARING IS TO PROVIDE THIS FACILITY TO A LARGE NUMBER OF USERS TO EXECUTE THEIR PROGRAMS WITHIN THE ALLOTTED TIME SLOT.

REAL TIME PROCESSING-A SYSTEM IN WHICH A TRANSACTION AXIS AND UPDATING OF THE FILE IS DONE IMMEDIATELY IS CALLED A REAL TIME PROCESSING. IN THIS PROCESS,THE JOB IS GIVEN VERY HIGH PRIORITY TO TAKE FURTHER ACTION LEAVING ALL OTHER JOBS.

MULTIPROCESSING

MULTIPROCESSING IS A SYSTEM IN WHICH TWO OR MORE CPUs ARE AVAILABLE INDEPENDENTLY.IT PROVIDES THE FACILITY TO WORK WITH THE NUMBER OF USERS INDEPENDENTLY AND SIMULTANEOUSLY.

AN OPERATING SYSTEM CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO TWO CATEGORIES: SINGLE-USER OPERATING SYSTEM AND MULTI-USER OPERATING SYSTEM

SINGLE-USER OPERATING SYSTEM-A SINGLE USER OPERATING SYSTEM HAS A SINGLE CPU AND THE SET OF INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES.IT SUPPORTS ONLY ONE USER AT ANY POINT OF TIME AND ONLY A PARTICULAR JOB OR PROGRAM IS LOADED IN THE MEMORY FOR EXECUTION.

MULTI-USER OPERATING SYSTEM-MULTI USER OPERATING SYSTEM ALLOWS MORE THAN ONE USER TO INTERACT WITH THE COMPUTER AT A TIME AND EACH USER WALKS ON A DIFFERENT SET OF PROGRAMS AND DATA.

USER INTERFACE

1) COMMAND USER INTERFACE-IN EARLIER SYSTEMS,COMPUTER OPERATORS USED TO INTERACT WITH THE COMPUTER THROUGH COMMANDS WHICH WHERE TYPED THROUGH THE KEYBOARD. AS TYPING CHARACTERS WERE INVOLVED IN ENTERING A COMMAND,THIS INTERFACE WAS KNOWN AS CHARACTER USER INTERFACE (CUI).

2) GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE-IT IS A SYSTEM IN WHICH THE USER IS LINKED WITH THE COMPUTER THROUGH GRAPHICAL ILLUSTRATIONS. IT IS POPULARLY KNOWN AS 'WINDOWS'.THE USER NEED NOT ENTER COMMANDS TO PERFORM ANY TASK. HE/SHE CAN USE THE MOUSE OR THE KEY COMBINATIONS TO PUT THE INFORMATION IN WINDOWS.THEREFORE, WINDOWS IS POPULARLY KNOWN AS GRAPHIC USER INTERFACE (GUI).

Q5) DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN MULTIPROGRAMMING AND MULTIPROCESSING.

Ans)

MULTIPROGRAMMING

MULTIPROCESSING

IN THIS SYSTEM, MORE THAN ONE APPLICATION/PROGRAM/TASK IS RUNNING ON A SINGLE PROCESSOR.

IN THIS SYSTEM, A NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS PROGRAMS/TASKS RUNNING ON MULTIPLE PROCESSORS.

THE USER EXECUTES THE PROGRAM WITHIN THE GIVEN TIME SLOT BY THE SYSTEM.

THE USER EXECUTES THE PROGRAM INDEPENDENTLY WITH NO TIME LIMIT.

Q6)DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN CHARACTER USER INTERFACE AND GRAPHIC USER INTERFACE.

Ans)

CHARACTER USER INTERFACE (CUI)

GRAPHIC USER INTERFACE (GUI)

This is a type of user interface where user interacts with computer using only keyboard. To perform any action a command is required.

This is a type of user interface where user interacts with the computer using graphics. Graphics include icons, navigation bars, images etc. Mouse can be used while using this interface to interact with the graphics

It is not a user-friendly interface and requires expertise. Eg: MS-DOS has CUI.

It is a very user-friendly interface and requires no expertise. Eg: Windows has GUI.

CHEMISTRY

Chapter –

Structure of Atom

Question 10.

Draw the atomic structure of the following atoms.

C ,  O ,  F ,  Ne  , Al  , Cl

Ans – The atomic structure of the mentioned atoms are given below -

Carbon – C

Oxygen – O

Fluorine – F

Neon – Ne

Aluminium – Al

Chlorine – Cl

GEOGRAPHY

ASIA

LOCATION

Asia is the biggest continent covering one-third of total land area of the Earth.

Asia is called the continent of extremes.

Some earliest civilisation like Indus Valley ( India and Pakistan ) , Mesopotamia ( Iraq ) etc and major religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity and Islam has their origin in Asia.

Location :The Indian ocean in souththe Arctic ocean in norththe Pacific ocean in eastthe continent of Europe in west

The Ural mountains, Ural river and Caspian sea form the boundary between Europe and Asia.

The narrow Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea links Asia with Africa.

Extent:

Approximately 10ºS to 80ºN ( over 77º of latitudes), influences a variety of climate type from Equatorial to Arctic.approximately 24º4/E to 169º40/W ( over 195º of longitudes), induces greatest number of time zone.

Fill in the blanks:

1. Asia lies completely in Northern Hemisphere.

2. Eurasia is a combined land mass of Europe and Asia.

3. The links between Asia and Africa are the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea.

4. Asia is surrounded by 03 oceans – the Pacific ocean in east, the Arctic ocean in north and the Indian Ocean in South.

5. The only land mass boundary Asia has is Europe.

History and Civics

Growth of Nationalism

· American Civil War

· Background of the American Civil War

· Causes of the civil war

Secession of southern states

American Civil War

The American Civil War was fought between the northern and southern states in the USA between 1861 and 1865.We have read that the 13 colonies had declared their independence from the British and a new nation the United States of America was born.

Background of the American Civil War

· In 1860 America had 18 Free states comprising the area South of Maryland.

· The work required alarge manpower

· Therefore the did not approve of slavery.

· Thus the country was practically divided into two halves-one strongly favouring slavery and another opposed to it.

Causes of the civil war

· In the south the condition of the slaves was pitiable.

· They had no family life and were regarded as movable property of the planters.

· Socially they suffered a lot of injustice and inhuman treatment.

· The abolitionists encouraged the slaves to run away from their masters by using the background rail road.

Secession of southern states

The southern were alarmed when President elect Lincoln arrived in Washington late in February 1861.They believed that President Lincoln would definitely liberate the slaves. Some of them decided to secede from the union. Several efforts were made to reunite both the sections.

Answer the following questions:-

1. Definition of American Civil War?

2. What are the backyof the American Civil War?

Homework:-

Learn

English 2

Where the mind is without fear -Rabindranath Tagore.

“Where the mind is without fear” is a pre independent poem by Rabindranath Tagore. In the poem, the poet sincerely urges to God to awake his fellow beings for the realization that the essential need to live in a free and United country. He wants his countrymen to awake and enjoy the life of full dignity and honour.

B. Answer the following questions:

1. To whom are the words of the poet addressed?

In the poem, 'where the mind is without fear' by Rabindranath Tagore the poet addressed to his father. By father he does not mean to the one he was born to. The father referred to here is God.

2. What is the main topic or idea of the poem? In which part of the poem is it to be found?

The main topic or idea of the poem by Rabindranath Tagore is freedom from colonization.

“ Into that heaven of freedom, my father, let my country awake”.

3. How does the poet describe reason?

The poet described reason or logical thinking as a' clear stream' that can wash away the stagnant heap of superstitions and their habits.

4. How does he describe habit?

The poet describes old habits as dreary desert sand. Habits that are dead are compared to deserts sand because desert is dry and fruitless. It is not green and life giving. Similarly dead habits are not useful for individuals and society.

5. Which other word does the poet uses to address ‘father'? To whom does father refer?

The other word used to address father is ' thee'. Father refers to almighty God.

Class IX

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

CHEMISTRY

Molecular/Chemical formula

A molecular formula also known as Chemical formula employs symbols to denote the molecule of an element or of a compound.

Thus:H2 Represents one molecule of hydrogen.

H2O denotes one molecule of Water.

Na2CO3 denotes one molecule of Sodium carbonate.

CH3COOH denotes one molecule of acetic acid.

CuSO4.5H2O represents one molecule of hydrated copper sulphate.

Significance of molecular formula

The molecular formula of a compound has quantitative significance.it represents:

(i).Both the molecule and the molecular mass of the compound.

(ii).The respective numbers of different atoms present in one molecule of the compound.

(iii).The ratios of the respective masses of the elements presents in the compound.

For example,the formula CO2 means that:

(1).the molecular formula of carbon dioxide is CO2

(2).each molecule contains one carbon atom joined by chemical bonds with two oxygen atoms;

(3).the molecular mass of carbon dioxide is 44,given that the atomic mass of carbon is 12 and that of Oxygen 16;

History & Civics

TOPIC-THE HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION

SUB TOPIC- 1. SEALS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE

2. RELIGION

The seals and their importance-

The seals give us valuable information about Harappa civilization.

A) The animal seals – some seals were engraved with the figure of animals- the buffalo, bull, elephant, tiger and antelope.

B) The unicorn seal- the figure of unicorn with a single protruding horn.

C) The Shiva Pashupati Seal-

It depicts the three faced deity seated in a Yogic posture with a horned head-dress and surrounded by animals.

D) From the figure of the seals we can come to know about the –

1- Physical features, dress , ornaments and the hair style of the people.

2- Religious Beliefs of the people

3- Commercial skills

4- Artistic skills

5- They show the scripts prevalent in those days.

Religion-

Knowledge of religious beliefs of the Indus Valley people has been derived mainly from the seals , figarins, and the Great Bath.

1- No big structures like temples have been discovered.

2- The Harappa religion was polytheistic which means that these people believed in more than one God.

3- They believed in image worship

4- Worship of Shiva Pashupati, remarkable figure of a male deity identified as Lord Shiva.

5- Worship of the mother Goddess- Worship of female deity identified as the mother goddess.

6- Worship of trees and animals- the designs of some seals show that the people believed in doctrine of animism which means that they worshipped trees and animals.

Question

Mention two different kinds of seals discovered at the various sites of the Harappa civilization.

Answer

1) The animal seal.

2) The Shiva Pashupati Seal

Question

Mention two features of Indus seal.

Answer

1) Seals were usually square or oblong

2) Seals were made of terracotta , steatite or ivory.

Question

The seals may be considered as the most valuable finding of the Indus Valley civilization. In this context, give details of

a- The animal seals.

b- Pashupati Seal.

Answer

a- The animal seals were engraved with figure of animals like the buffalo, bull, elephant, tiger and antelope, humped bull. These seals were rectangular, circular or cylindrical.

b- Pashupati seals depicts the three faced deity seated in a yogic posture with a horned head dress and is surrounded by a Rhino, a Buffalo, and a Tiger. These figure was identified as that of Lord Shiva who is described as MahaYogi or Pshupati. Under his throne were two deer. This seal shows that Shiva was worshipped and he was considered as Lord of animals (Pashupati).

Question

With reference to source of information what conclusion can be drawn from seals?

Answer

1) Seals give us useful information about the Harappa culture, their trade and the language that they used.

2) Their dress, physical features, religion, artistic skills etc.

Question

Mention the evidence to suggest that the Indus people worshipped the Shiva Pashupati.

Answer

1) Pashupati seal suggests that Indus people worshipped “The Shiva Pshupati”

Question

State the evidence that suggests that Indus people believed in ritual bathing.

Answer

Presence of a massive structure called the Great Bath.

Question

What do you know about the religious practice of Indus people?

Answer

1) The Harappa religion was polytheistic

2) They believed in image worship of Shiva Pashupati and Mother Goddess.

3) They worshipped trees and animals.

Economics

Capitalist Economy (chapter - 2)

In previous study material dated (31.3.2020) meaning and features of capitalist economy has been shared with you. Today merits and demerits of capitalist economy will be shared with you.

• Merits of capitalist economy:

1) Abundance of goods

2) Best resource utilization

3) Technological progress

4) Incentive to hard work

5) Economic freedom

6) Increase in production

•Demerits or disadvantages of capitalist economy :

1) Inequality in the distribution of income and wealth.

2) Class conflict .

3) Unemployment .

4) Exploitation

5) Economic fluctuation.

6) Self-interest Motive

Questions:

1) Briefly mention the advantages or merits of capitalist economy.

Answer)

The merits of capitalist economy are:

I) Variety of goods and services are produced.

II) Scarce resources are put to use in the best possible manner.

III) Producers are motivated to develop new techniques of production so as to survive and earn profits.

IV) Capitalism provides an incentive to hard and daring entrepreneur.

V) There is freedom to consumers and producers .

VI) It leads to large increase in production and national income.

2) Briefly mention the demerits of capitalist economy.

Answer)

The demerits of capitalist economy are:

I) It creates inequalities of income and wealth.

II) Class conflict is common between the capitalist and the workers.

III) A capitalist economy always has some unemployment.

IV) Working class is exploited by the capitalist.

V) Economic fluctuations are commonly seen

VI) Social welfare is ignored at the cost of private profit or self interest motive.

Physics

Chapter : Motion in 1D (Summary)

Here first go through the previous study materials and then we will go through some questions on them and numerical as well here.

Question 27

'The value of g remains the same at all places on the Earth's surface'. Is this statement true? Give reason for your answer.

Solution 27

No. The value of 'g' varies from place to place. It is maximum at poles and minimum at the Equator on the surface of the Earth.

Question 28

If a stone and a pencil are dropped simultaneously in vacuum from the top of a tower, then which of the two will reach the ground first? Give reason.

Solution 28

In vacuum, both will reach the ground simultaneously because acceleration due to gravity is same (=g) on both objects.

Question 29

The vector quantity is :

a. Work

b. Pressure

c. Distance

d. velocity

Solution 29

Velocity is a vector quantity. The others are all scalar quantities.

Question 30

The S.I. unit of velocity is

1. km h-1

2. m min-1

3. km rnin-1

4. m s-1

Solution 30

m s-1

Question 31

The unit of retardation is

1. m s-1

2. m s-2

3. m

4. m s2

Solution 31

m s-2

Question 32

A body when projected up with an initial velocity u goes to a height h in time t and then comes back at the point of projection. The correct statement is

1. The average velocity is 2 h/t.

2. The acceleration is zero.

3. The final velocity on reaching the point of projection is 2 u.

4. The displacement is zero.

Solution 32

The displacement is zero.

Question 33

18 km h-1 is equal to

1. 10 m s-1

2. 5 m s-1

3. 18 m s-1

4. 1.8 m s-1

Solution 33

5 m s-1

Question 34

The speed of a car is 72 km h-1. Express it in m s-1.

Solution 34

Speed of car = 72 km h-1

Speed of car in ms-1 = 20 m/s

Commercial studies

Chapter2 -

Aids to Trade

• Aids to trade-

#Meaning:

Activities that help (aids) in the free flow of goods and services from place to place .

• Types of Aids to trade:

1) Transportation

2) Warehousing

3) Banking

4) Insurance

5) Advertising

6) Packaging

Questions

1) What do you mean by Aids to trade?

Answer)

Activities that facilitate buying and selling of goods and services is known as Aids to trade .

2) What are the main Aidsto trade?

Answer)

The main Aids to trade are ---

a) Transportation-It overcomes the barrier of distance and creates place utility. It facilitate trade by as assembling and distributing goods.

b) Warehousing- It removes the hindrance of time and creates time utility. It helps to stabilize prices .

C)Banking -It removes the hindrance of raising finance and credit. It facility facilitate business activity by providing safe and quick means for the remittance of money.

d) Insurance - It removes the hindrance of risk.It protect the businessman from several types of risks .

e) Advertising–It remove the hindrance of knowledge. Its main purpose is to create and sustain demand .

f) Packaging– It removes the hindrance of risk by keeping good safe and free from spoilage.

3) Write any two differences between wholesaler and retailer..

Answer)

I) The persons engaged in wholesale trade are called wholesalers while the person engaged in retail trade are called retailer .

II) Wholesaler serve as a link between producers and retailerswhile retailer serve as a link between wholesalers and final consumer.

Biology

Ch-3 : Tissue

Today we discuss mainly permanent tissue.

Permanent tissues are of three types :

Protective, Supporting and conducting.

We compare them on the basis of cell size , shape ,location and function.

Q4. Compare three supporting tissue cells.

Parenchyma

Collenchyma

Sclerenchyma

i) Made up of thin walled cells.

ii) Intercellular spaces are present.

iii) It stores food.

iii) Present in soft parts of fruits.

i)Made up of cells whose corners are thickeneed.

ii) Intercellular spaces are absent.

iii) It gives support to the plant.

iv)Found in leaf stalk and below the epidermis of stem.

i) Made up of cells whose cell walls are uniformly thickened.

ii) Intercellular spaces are absent.

iii)It gives strength and rigidity to the plant.

iv)Found in veins of leaves, bark of tree.

Q5. What are the difference between xylem and phloem?

Xylem

Phloem

i) Mainly made up of dead cells.

ii)Xylem elements are tracheids, trachea, xylem parenchyma, and xylem fibres.

iii) Cell wall is thick and lignified.

iv) Conduct water and minerals only in upward direction.

i) Mainly made up of living cells.

ii) Phloem elements are sieve tube, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and phloem fiber.

iii) Cell wall is thin , composed of cellulose.

iv)Conduct food from leaves in all direction.

EVS

CHAPTER - 1 (UNDERSTANDING OUR ENVIRONMENT)

Pollution  

Any addition to the air , water, soil or food that threatens the health, survival capabilities for activities of humans or other living organisms is called pollution. 

Pollutant 

The undesirable substance that pollute the environment are called pollutants .

 

Types of pollutants - 

On the basis of their origin the pollutants can be classified into two groups – 

1. Natural pollutants ( carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide) 

2. Man made or synthetic pollutants ( pesticides, detergents ) 

On the basis of their nature the pollutant can be classified into following three groups – 

1. Physical pollutants  

2. Chemical pollutants ( pesticides, weedicides toxic gases ) 

3. Biological pollutants ( pathogenic microorganisms ) 

On the basis of their degradation quality the pollutant can be classified into two groups – 

1. Biodegradable pollutants ( domestic garbage, sewage etc ) 

2. Non biodegradable pollutants ( plastics, pesticides, radioactive waste etc. ) 

On the basis of their origins the pollutant can be classified into following two groups – 

1. Primary pollutant ( Sulphur dioxide , carbon dioxide etc. ) 

2. Secondary pollutant ( PAN etc. ) 

Q ) What do you mean by non equitable distribution of resources ?  

Unequal or non-equal distribution of resource is a situation where available resources are not distributed evenly amongst the population.

Q ) What are the main reasons for non equal distribution of resources ?

The distribution of natural resources depends upon many physical factors like land, altitude climate, topography, water, mineral, soil, economic and social causes. The distribution of resources is unequal because these factors differ from place to place on this earth.

Q ) Write the full form of PAN . What is it ?

The full form of PAN is Peroxyacetyl nitrate .

It is a secondary pollutant present in photochemical smog.

English 1

Transformation of sentences

Sentences: A sentence is a group of words which makes complete sense.

a. Assertive sentences

b. Imperative sentences

c. Interrogative sentences

d. Exclamatory sentences

Sentences can be changed from one grammatical form to another without changing the meaning of the sentence. This is known as transformation of sentences.

Exercise 2

Change the following sentences from assertive to interrogative:

1. Nobody would like to be a fool.

Who would like to be a fool?

2. Their glory can never fade.

When can the glory fade?

3. Nobody can control the wind.

Who can control the wind?

4. It matters little if I die.

What though I die?

5. No man can serve two masters.

Can any man serve two masters?

Exercise 3

Interchange of assertive and Exclamatory sentences:

1. She leads the most unhappy life?

What an unhappy life she leads!

2. This is indeed an interesting book.

What an interesting book this!

3. He is a very great man.

What a great man he is!

4. It is a very lame excuse.

What a lame excuse!

5. It is sad that she died so young.

Alas she died so young!

Math

Topic : Algebra

Chapter : Expansions

X) (a -b)3 = a3 - 3a2b + 3ab2 -b3

= a3 -b3 -3ab(a -b)

Example: (5x -3y)3

=(5x)3 -3(5x)2(3y) +3(5x)(3y)2 –(3y)3

=125x3-3(5x)2(3y) + 3(5x)(3y)2 –(3y)3

=125x3 -3(25x2)(3y) +3(5x)(9y2) -27y3

= 125x3 -225x2y + 135xy2 -27y3

(XI) (a – b)(a2-ab +b2) = a3 +b3

Example : (i) (2p + 3q )(4p2 -6pa + 9q2)

= (2p + 3q ){(2p)2 –(2p)(3q) + (3q)2}

. =( 2p)3 + (3q)3

=8p3 + 27q3

(ii) (x +1/x ) (x2– 1 +1/x2)

= (x +1/x ){(x)2 -(x)(1/x) +(1/x)2}

=(x)3 + (1/x)3

=x3 + 1/x3

(XII) (a -b)(a2 +ab +b2) = a3– b3

Example : (i) (3p - 4q )(9p2 + 12pq + 16q2)

= (3p - 4q ){(3p)2+ (3p)(4q) + (4q)2}

=(3p)3 –(4q)3

= 27p3 -64q3

(ii) (x -3/x )(x2 +3+9/x2

= (x – 3/x ){(x)2 + (x)(3/x) +(3/x)2}

. =(x)3–(3/x)3.

=x3– 27/x3

(Xiii) (a+b+c )( a2 + b2 + c2 -ab -bc – ca ) = a3 + b3 + c3 -3abc

Example : ( 2x +3y+4z )(4x2 +9y2 +16z2 -6xy -12yz- 8zx)

= ( 2x +3y+4z){(2x)2 +(3y)2 +(4z)2 –(2x)(3y) –(3y)(4z) –(2x)(4z)}

=(2x)3+(3y)3 +(4z)3 -3(2x)(3y)(4z)

=8x3 +27y3+64z3-72xyz

Merits of capitalist economy

Abundance of good

Incentive to hard work

Economic freedom

Increase in production

Best resource utilisation

Technological progress

Demerits of capitalist economy

Inequality in income

Exploitation

Economic fluctuation.

Self-interest Motive

Class conflict

Unemployment

Aids to trade

Transportation

Warehousing

Banking

Packaging

Insurance

Advertising