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www.ijcrt.org © 2017 IJCRT | Volume 5, Issue 3 September 2017 | ISSN: 2320-2882

EARLY WARNING SYSTEM FOR LANDSLIDE DETECTION USING gTBS PROTOCOL

1Chaitali S. Patil, 2Prof. Pushpa M. Bangare1PG Student, 2Professor

1Electronics and Telecommunication Department of Engineering, 1Sinhgad College of Engineering, Vadgaon(Bk) Pune, India

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Abstract: Landslides are the natural disasters which happens gradually hence cannot predict them easily. It can leads to huge damage of properties and infrastructure and cause big loss of human life. Landslides can be triggered by rainfall, changes in water level, earthquakes, changes in ground water, and disturbance by human activities. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has ability to sense and measure environmental parameters and also provide real-time monitoring. However, Sensor’s energy source has limited lifetime. So green task based sensing protocol developed which uses adaptive power transmission and task based sensing to achieve reliable and power saving networks. It can prevent wasting of power in unnecessary data transmission. If redundancy detect in sensed data then the communication is put to sleep mode for the duration. The communication starts only when new data is available that is when any sensor crosses the set point. Early warning system has been developed using wireless sensor network to warn the people in advance and save their life. This system uses load cell model, rainfall sensor, soil moisture sensor and load cell to detect possibility of landslide.

IndexTerms – Landslide, Adaptive Power Transmission, gTBS.

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I. INTRODUCTION

Landslide is defined as movements of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. Almost every landslide has multiple causes. Landslides can be triggered by rainfall, changes in water level snowmelt, earthquakes, and change in ground water, volcanic activity, and disturbance by human activities. It is one of the very serious environmental hazard occurs in almost hilly areas around the world. As natural hazards, landslides are mostly unpredictable. The areas are usually located at far from villages where there is lack of service like electricity and communication infrastructure. Landslides happens gradually most of the time very slow deformation takes place, it may vary from hours to few days or sometimes months, hence the soil parameters and displacement of landscape has to be monitored to predict the occurrence of landslide. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are widely used for many applications, like industrial, security surveillance, health care. WSN technology can captures process and transmits critical data in real time with high resolution. WSN plays important role in environment monitoring system. Monitoring and prediction of landslides requires data reliability and limited time delay, proper routing protocol to cope with the network topology. It must provide reliable data transfer between sensor to the base station, and longer network life. Hence the wireless sensor networks are more suitable choice to acquire and transfer the data to the place where the communication and electricity facilities are available. To save the life of people and to prevent economical loss there is need to be improvements in the detection system of landslide. It will help researchers to identify their early warning signs and understanding of the processes that cause these disasters. Low power consumption requirement is important constraints while designing sensor node. Sensor nodes have limited, irreplaceable power sources. Replacement of power resources can be impossible in harsh or remote environments. The idle listening and overhearing is the main cause of sensors energy consumption. So battery lifetime is very much essential for increasing sensor node lifetime. However sensor’s energy source has limited lifetime. Green task based sensing scheme is developed to achieve reliable and energy efficient WSN. The advantage of developed early warning system is, it can save life and properties, cost effective, and it can perform long time and continuous observations of sensor data.

II. SYSTEM DESIGN

Many sensors are connected to detect landslide or earth quake. The main idea behind the developed work is to detect the possibility of a land slide in advance to save lives and economical damage.

Landslide slave Base Station

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Microcontroller with sensors

RF Module

RF Module

PCServer

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Fig. 1 Block Diagram of Early Warning System

Landslide slave consists of microcontroller unit interfacing with various sensors and RF module. Fig.2 shows the block diagram of landslide slave. Load cell model which will detect any debris fallen on the ground and will immediately intimate the server. The load cell measures weight readings continuously in voltage format, it amplifies using a signal conditioning unit and then gives to the microcontroller. The microcontroller then converts the analog signal to digital format. Then interfacing the soil moisture sensor for monitoring the soil moisture of such areas where probability of land slide is high. Moisture based Electrode sensors are connected. When the water dries up, the electrode voltage becomes 5V which is applied to the non-inverting terminal and the output of the amplifier is 0V. Rain fall sensor interfaced which will detect the amount of rain fall in the region where probability of land slide is high. If the rain fall is high for a longer duration then again the risk of landslide is increases. Float sensor level is typically used as rain fall sensor. It measures the depth/level of liquid in a container. Accelerometer is placed at the ground level to detect any vibrations due to earthquake in the land. If the vibration increases beyond certain level then there is a high possibility of land slide. Buzzer will turn ON when landslide detects in the area to warn people in advance. Three LEDs Red, Yellow, Green are used as a signal in Ghats areas. The red LED will ON when earthquake or landslide detected. Yellow LED will turn ON to indicate high soil moisture or heavy rainfall. Green LED ON when there is no risk of landslide. Primary goal of base station is to gather sensed data from landslide slave. Data visualization and analysis is accomplished at the base station. It composed of transreceiver, base station software and personal computer (PC). Visual basic based PC server is designed through which WSN sensor data can be monitored at data analysis center. Visual Basic is a third-generation event-driven programming language first released by Microsoft. Visual Basic (VB6.0) is a user-friendly programming language designed for beginners, and it enables anyone to develop Graphical User Interface (GUI) window applications easily. RF transreceiver provides the interface between the landslide slave and base station.

Fig.2 Block Diagram of Landslide Slave

II. GTBS PROTOCOL

A wireless sensor network introduces with a large number of nodes with redundancy existing in; data sensing from environ -ment, data gathering from the nodes, aggregation of processed data, etc. This protocol combines power adaptation with sleep and wake up techniques. Each task is associated with a certain number of nodes depending on particular characteristics (e.g., location, sensor type, etc.). A task is characterized by different parameters: type of sensing, number of sensing operations, period of sens -ing and the intended nodes (nodes required to sense data). For example, a temperature sensing task for a month can be defined as i) sense the temperature, ii) for 30 times, iii) with a period of 1 day, iv) from nodes located in the rectangle [x1, x2, y1, y2]. The nodes are randomly distributed but have a fixed location. In addition, data can be transmitted to the sink using multi-hop if there is no direct Line of Sight (LOS) to the sink. WSN is reconfigured using RF module. One base station and two slave structure is considered. In this network gTBS protocol is used. Initially the WSN network has 1 Base station comprising of 2 slaves which, Slave1 and Slave2. The task based gTBS protocol for the WSN network is designed.

2.1 Task Based Sensing Many applications in WSN have redundant data, which means that the data does not change very fast. WSN topology composed of a sink or gateway and a certain number of sensor nodes.

The sensing is performed in a form of tasks initiated by the sink and broadcasted to the rest of the network. Type of sensing, number of sensing operations, period of sensing and the intended nodes that required to sense data are the different parameters to characterize the task. Sending the same data again and again results in wastage of network energy which in turn reduces network life time. So, in this project data will be send to the base station through RF module whenever the sensor crosses a threshold /Set


LCD

µCPIC18f4520

Buzzer

Load Cell Model

Soil Moisture Sensor

Rain Fall Sensor

RF Transreceiver

Accelerometer

LED



point. That means whenever a new data is present, then only the slave will send the data frame in response. This results in less number of communication frames, which increases the network efficiency.

2.2 Adaptive Power Transmission Adaptive power transmission based on battery energy levels is implemented. As soon as the sensor node energy level re-

duces, we reduce the request time of the network to increase the network life. So, the communication between slave and base sta-tion depends on the energy levels which results in higher efficiency. If the battery voltage is greater than the threshold voltage then it is normal power node and if it is less than threshold voltage it will show the adaptive power mode. For adaptive power mode request time is 2sec and for normal power mode request time is 1sec.

It is 2-stage protocol as sensor nodes use two types of messages REQUEST Phase and RESPONSE Phase. In REQUEST phase the base station sends a request to sensor node. The Slave after receiving the frame compares the Slave ID to its Own and sends the Data to master. In RESPONSE phase the sensor node after receiving the frame compares the Slave ID to its own and if the slave ID matches then it sends the sensor data to base station. The response frame contains the start of frame character, Slave ID that is 1 or 2, status and the all sensor data and end term.

Request Frame-START

*SLAVE ID

1/2

Response Frame-

START#

SLAVE ID1/2

STATUS (N/D) SENSOR DATA END0D0A

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Early warning system for landslide detection is developed using wireless sensor network. Fig.2 shows the experimental setup of landslide slave. The load cell model, rain fall sensor, soil moisture sensor, accelerometer sensor is interfaced with microcontroller PIC18F4520. RF module nRF24L01 is used to communicate between base station and landslide slave. Buzzer and LEDs are connected for alerting the people.

Fig.2 Hardware Implementation of system




LCD interfacing with microcontroller is as shown in Fig.3 When power on the system first LCD displays the project name. After that slaveId and status that is no earthquake is displayed on LCD. Then LCD displays the each sensor reading and warning message. If sensor crosses the set point buzzer will ON for alerting people.

Fig.3 LCD displays project name

3.1 SIMULATION RESULTS Visual basic VB6.0 based PC server is used through which sensor data monitored and analyzed. Figure 4 shows screenshot of VB window which indicates sensor in landslide slave does not cross set point so data does not send to base station. Graph in the figure shows the number of frame required for GTBS protocol. Red column indicates the total number of frames requires when base station send request.

Fig.4 No Slave Crossed set Point As shown in Fig.5 rainfall sensor in the slave 1 cross the set point so data send to the base station through RF transreceiver. Green column in the graph shows the actual frames required for sending response to base station by the sensor node. Actual number of frame is less as compared to the total number of frames.




Fig.5 Slave1 Crossed the Set Point As shown in Fig.6 when battery voltage is above 10V then it indicate normal power mode and if battery voltage is below 10V then it indicates adaptive power mode. If it is adaptive power mode the timer interval set to 2sec. If it is normal power mode then timer interval set to 1sec. Request time is reduces when battery voltage decreases.

Fig.6 Adaptive Power Transmission

IV. CONCLUSION

The early warning system has been designed and developed using wireless sensor network which detect the possibility of landslide. The various sensors like load cell model, soil moisture sensor accelerometer and rainfall sensor are interfaced with microcontroller. All the measured parameters are compared with set points and warnings are displayed on LCD and also buzzer and LEDs will ON to alert the people. The RF module is used for communication between landslide slave and base station. Green task based sensing gTBS protocol is implemented in which communication starts only when sensor cross the set point. By using gTBS protocol network efficiency increases as it requires less number of communication frames. The advantage of developed system is, it can save lives by alerting people in advance, cost of installation and maintenance is relatively low and the network can run for long time ensuring continuous observations.




REFERENCES

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