Name: _______________________________________________

Unit 7: Heat PacketIf You Can’t Stand The Heat………….

A.) BRAINSTORM- DO NOT worry about being “right”, just go for it!

1.) List AT LEAST 8 words that come to mind when you hear the word “heat”.

2.) If you have a hot cup of water and a cold cup of water and you leave them in a room overnight, what would you expect to happen to the temperature of these cups of water by the time you revisit them in the morning?

3.) Given your answer to #2, how do you think the temperature of your desk compares to the temperature of your chair? They both sit in the same room all the time, so do you think they would have different temperatures or the same temperature?

4.) Take your hand and feel the following objects:i.) the top of the desk ii.) the leg(s) of the desk

iii.) the seat of your chair iv.) the leg(s) of your chairDo they feel like the same temperature? If no, how do they compare to each other? Which one FEELS the warmest? Which one FEELS the coldest?

5.) If you had boiling hot water to make hot chocolate, would you pour it into a thin plastic cup? Why or why not? If not, what type of cup would you pour it into? If yes, why would this cup be good for a hot beverage?

6.) When it’s cold outside, what apparel do you wear? What material(s) are they made from?

7.) What do the words conductor and insulator mean to you?

1

B.) RECALLUse the space below to answer the following questions. Use your resources! Your brain is not the only resource available to you.

**There is a link on the Unit 7 page titled “Solids, Liquids, and Gases” that could be helpful**

1.) Differentiate between the following properties for solids, liquids, and gases:i.) volume

ii.) movement of particles

iii.) arrangement

2.) Draw an image (or write a narrative) that helps you visualize the states of matter

3.) Describe what happens to the particles of a substance during a phase change?

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C.) PREDICT & VISUALIZEPlease answer the following questions:1.) What do you think happens to the movement and energy of particles as they are made……

a.) hotter? b.) colder

2.) What is volume? (in terms of matter, not your mp3 player )

Get a laptop (NOT a chromebook, go to the other cart at the FRONT of the room) and click on the “PhET States of Matter” Activity on the Unit 7 page of my website. Play around with the simulation and then manipulate the simulation in order to answer the following questions:

2

3.) a.) What happens to the VOLUME of particles as you change the state from solid to liquid to gas? Use words and/or pictures to explain!

b.) What happens to the MOVEMENT OF PARTICLES of particles as you change the state from solid to liquid to gas? Use words and/or pictures to explain!

c.) What happens to the ARRANGEMENT of particles as you change the state from solid to liquid to gas? Use words and/or pictures to explain!

4.) Particles in which state have the most KINETIC ENERGY- solid, liquid, or gas? (this is an inference) Put the states of matter in order from least to most kinetic energy using “<” or “>” signs.

5.) What happens to the temperature as you change the state of matter? (check out the thermometer on the screen)

6.) Based on your observations, as the kinetic energy of particles INCREASES, the temperature of the

particles ________________________________(increases or decreases).

7.) a.) What differences do you notice about the VOLUME when you change the atom/molecule (example: going from neon to argon)

b.) What differences do you notice about the MOVEMENT OF PARTICLES when you change the atom/molecule (example: going from neon to argon)

c.) What differences do you notice about the ARRANGEMENT when you change the atom/molecule (example: going from neon to argon)

d.) What differences do you notice about the TEMPERATURE when you change the atom/molecule (example: going from neon to argon)

8.) What do you think accounts for these differences?

3

……… Get Out of the Kitchen

D.) HEAT VS. TEMPOne of the Essential Questions of this unit asks us to differentiate between heat and temperature.

Read the directions below and the questions that follow

Go to the Unit 7 page and watch the video called “Heat and Temperature Introduction” while…..

IN THE SPACE BELOW take notes that you think will help answer the questions:

1.) What is the difference between heat (thermal energy) and temperature?

2.) How do they relate to each other and to kinetic energy?

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------E.) READING FOR KNOWLEDGE- Heat Basics

Sign in to your Discovery Education account Click on “Resources” Click on “Science Techbook” Make sure you’re in the “Physics” Course Click on the small blue triangle next to “Unit: Heat & thermodynamics” Click “Heat” Click on the “EXPLORE” tab

*Each page has an ESSENTIAL QUESTION (EQ) at the top. This question can help guide you and your understanding of the information to come. Be sure to record and think about the (EQ) as you read.*

Page 1:1.) What is the Essential Question at the very top of this page?

2.) What is heat? (Do not copy word for word, try reading the paragraph and come up with wording that makes sense to YOU)

4

3.) Heat transfers from ______________________ (high or low) temperatures to _____________________ (high or low) temperatures.

4.) What is necessary in order for thermal energy to flow from a lower temperature object to a higher temperature object?

5.) Watch the video on the right titled “What is heat?”- it could help you answer some of the questions above.

Heat and Conservation of Energy

6.) What can be done with the “waste heat” created by manufacturing processes?

7.) How does a steam turbine work? (for a visual, try looking up animations or videos online!)

Page 2:8.) What is the Essential Question at the very top of this page?

Thermal Energy vs. Temperature

9.) What is the difference between thermal energy and temperature?

10.) How can 2 objects with the same temperature have different amounts of thermal energy?

11.) When two variables do the same thing (increase together or decrease together) we say that they have a DIRECT relationship; whereas, if two vairables do the opposite (one increases as the other decreases) we say that they have an INDIRECT or INVERSE relationship.

If the thermal energy of the atoms/molecules in an object tend to increase as the temperature of an object goes up, then we would say that………

Temperature and thermal energy have a __________________________________________ relationship. (DIRECT OR INDIRECT/INVERSE)

Units for Temperature

12.) What are the 3 main units used to measure temperature?

5

Page 3:13.) What is the Essential Question at the very top of this page?

Units and Thermal Energy14.) What are the 2 main units used to measure thermal energy?

15.) What is 1 calorie equal to?

1 calorie =

16.) Watch the video on the right titled “Measuring Heat Energy” and write down anything that you think helps answer the Essential Question on this page.

Page 4:17.) What is the Essential Question at the very top of this page?

Effect of Thermal Energy

18.) What happens to the atoms/molecules of a substance when it gains thermal energy? What about when it loses thermal energy? (you might have to think about this second question)

19.) When a substance reaches its melting or boiling point temperature continue to change? If not, what happens instead at the melting or boiling points?

20.) Does every substance have the same melting, freezing, and boiling points? ______________

21.) Is there a difference in the amount of energy needed to freeze water into ice versus the amount of energy needed to melt ice into water? ______________

22.) IT MAY SEEM LONG AGO….. but do you recall when we discussed phase change graphs? Use the one below to answer questions a-g.

6

Phase Change Diagram of Water

a.) Between which letters is water changing from a liquid to a gas?

b.) Water exists in only 1 state when the graph is ____________________________ (choose 1: increasing or constant)

c.) Water is changing state when the graph is ____________________________ (choose 1: increasing or constant)

d.) As time is increasing, what is happening to the temperature between points B & C?

e.) How long did it take for the water to boil?

f.) Between points E & F the temperature of the water is ____________________________ (choose 1: increasing or decreasing)

g.) Between points E & F the thermal energy of the water is ____________________________ (choose 1: increasing or decreasing)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SWITCHING GEARS FOR A MOMENT……… PRE-READ ANIMATED ACTIVITY

Go to the Unit 7 page of my websiteWatch/use/interact with the activity titled “Heat Transfer Animated Activity”

NOTE:**You might have to use the scroll at the bottom of the animation to access the button(s) to continue.**Once you click on the different heat transfers, press “PLAY VIDEO” as it speaks

A.) CONVECTION1.) Write a definition (in your own words):

2.) Identify at least 3 examples:

3.) Draw an image (or write a narrative) that helps you imagine the heat flow in this process

B.) CONDUCTION1.) Write a definition (in your own words):

2.) Identify at least 3 examples:

7

3.) Draw an image (or write a narrative) that helps you imagine the heat flow in this process

C.) RADIATION1.) Write a definition (in your own words):

2.) Identify at least 3 examples:

3.) Draw an image (or write a narrative) that helps you imagine the heat flow in this process

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GO BACK TO DISCOVERY ED Page 6:

23.) What is the Essential Question at the very top of this page?

Three Methods of Heat Transfer24.) How does conduction work? In what type of objects does conduction work best in?

25.) What is the difference between a conductor and an insulator?

26.) How is convection relevant to the ocean?

27.) What is radiation and how is this form of heat transfer relevant to us?

28.) Watch the video titled “Conduction: Walking on Hot Coals”. What is the answer to their driving question:

“What kind of heat allows you to walk on fire without getting burnt?” _______________________________________

29.) Watch the “Fire Sandwich: Answer” video at the bottom of the screen to get an explanation for the demonstration that you saw in class!

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8

F.) APPLYING KNOWLEDGE - HEAT TRANSFER Part 3

I.) Using your NEW KNOWLEDGE identify what type of heat transfer is occurring for A, B, & C in the picture to the right. Each type of heat transfer can only be used once.

II.) Choose 4 out of the 7 scenarios below and……

i.) Identify what type of heat transfer is taking place

ii.) Identify what is happening to the particles of each of the substances/items involved (be specific about heat flow and the kinetic energy in the particles)

iii.) Draw an image (zoomed in or out) to display the process (please include the heat flow)

1.) Macaroni rising and falling in a pot of boiling water2.) A hot air balloon floating in the air3.) The 3rd floor in school is warmer than the 1st floor4.) Needing to wear an oven mitt when picking up the pot of boiling water5.) A microwave heating up last night’s leftovers that you’re eating for lunch6.) Your body heating up when you come indoors after playing in the snow7.) The sun heating the earth!

9

A

C

B

Visual representationDescription of particle movement

and kinetic energyForm of Heat

TransferScenario #

10

3.)

2.)

Ice Melting Blocks

G.) PREDICT, OBSERVE, INFER

11

5.)

4.)

6.) In order to understand why the ice melted faster on one block than the other, we need to discuss…….

Thermal conductivity :

Conductor :

*good conductors:

Insulator :

*good insulators:

Specific Heat Capacity :

**A high thermal conductivity value means….

**A high specific heat capacity value means….

Therefore………………..

I would expect the METAL block to have a _________(high or low) thermal conductivity value, and a

_________(high or low) specific heat capacity.

Conversely,

I would expect the PLASTIC block to have a _________(high or low) thermal conductivity value, and a

_________(high or low) specific heat capacity.

7.) Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false. For those which are false, cross out the incorrect words and write a correction in the space underneath it.

true / false1.) A block of ice will melt when energy escapes from it.Correction:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2.) Plastics are good conductors of heat energy.Correction:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3.) Ice cream will melt more quickly if it falls on a metal bench than on a wooden one.Correction:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

12

4.) Frozen food will thaw quickly if placed on a ceramic (china) plate.Correction:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5.) Energy is conducted from a place where the temperature ishigher to a place where the temperature is lower.Correction:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6.) Water has a high specific heat capacity which means that it changes temperature quickly Correction:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7.) The metal on my chair feels colder than the plastic because it is at a lower temperature.Correction:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8.) Glass and plastic are good insulators because they do not transfer heat quickly.Correction:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9.) Metals are usually good conductors of heat, therefore they tend to have high specific heat capacities.Correction:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10.) The Yankees are the best baseball team of all time.Correction:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

H.) Ice Melting Blocks Evidence Based Claim Using your observations from the section F demo and the data below as evidence, write a scientific explanation/evidence-based claim that answers the following questions:

On which block did the ice melt faster? Did the results correspond with your prediction? Why did the (metal or plastic) block feel colder but melt the ice

faster?

1.) First, go back to your observations from the demo and answer the following questions

i.) On which block did the ice melt faster? __________________________________

ii.) Which block did you predict would melt the ice faster? _______________________________

iii.) Did your prediction align with what you observed? _____________________________

iv.) Using some of the vocab words that we discussed, write a few bullet points explaining why this

happened?

2.) Analyze and process this data table:

13

MaterialSpecific Heat

Capacity (J/kg*K)

Thermal Conductivity (watts/m*°C)

Aluminum 900 250Plastic

(Rubber)1700 <0.13

i.) _______________________ has a lower specific heat capacity which means that it takes ______________________ (LESS or MORE) energy to change its temperature by 1 degree.

ii.) _______________________ has a higher specific heat capacity which means that it takes ______________________

3.) Let’s break down your scientific explanation. To make your life easier in the next section, you can write the answers in full sentences so that they’re ready to be put together for your final product.

Claim: This is where you will address…..On which block did the ice melt faster? How does this compare to your prediction?

Evidence: This is where you will address…..How long did it take for the ice to melt on each block? What are the specific heat capacities and

the conductivities of the different materials?

Reasoning: This is where you will address……What is specific heat capacity? What is conductivity? What do the differences in specific heat

capacity and conductivity mean for the melting of the ice? Why did the (metal or plastic) block feel colder but melt the ice faster?

14

i.) _______________________ has a lower specific heat capacity which means that it takes ______________________ (LESS or MORE) energy to change its temperature by 1 degree.

ii.) _______________________ has a higher specific heat capacity which means that it takes ______________________

ASSIGNMENT: NOW let’s add it all together and submit it!1.) Go the Unit 7 page of my website

2.) Under “Quizzes” is a link titled “Ice Melting Block EBC”- click it

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

I.) Lab Design You are going to be doing an experiment to determine what material an unknown metal is made of based on its specific heat. In order to do the lab, you need to design a few things first……..

1.) Read the procedure and determine what materials you will need to complete this experiment. There is space below the procedure to list your materials

**If you’re having trouble getting started, there is a PENCAST available that shows how to break down the procedure for the materials needed**

Procedure

1.) Put on safety goggles.2.) Obtain group materials.3.) Measure the total mass (m) of the loop of steel washers and record in data table.4.) Measure about 100mL (record your EXACT amount in the data table) of tap water into the Styrofoam cup.5.) Measure the initial temperature of the water in the cup (wait about one minute) and record in data table. 6.) Place the steel washers into the boiling water bath and be sure to keep the string on the outside so that

you can lift it back out.7.) Measure the temperature of the boiling water (wait about one minute) and record in data table.8.) Pull the steel washers out of the bath and IMMEDIATELY place them into the Styrofoam cup of tap water.9.) Watch and record the temperature of the water in the Styrofoam cup every 10 seconds until the

maximum temperature is reached. Record the final (maximum) temp. in the data table.10.) Perform calculations and confirm that your sample is steel by comparing your computed

specific heat value with that on the table.11.) Repeat steps 3-10 substituting in the unknown metal for the steel.

2.) Create a data table (or several) that will accommodate the information that you need to record. Be sure to

INCLUDE UNITS. **There is a PENCAST for this as well**** create a space for all mass measurements to be converted from gkg**

15

ASSIGNMENT: NOW let’s add it all together and submit it!

1.) Go the Unit 7 page of my website

2.) Under “Quizzes” is a link titled “Ice Melting Block EBC”- click it

MATERIALS:

***YOU MUST GET YOUR MATERIALS AND DATA TABLE APPROVED BY MS. SHERMAN BEFORE YOU CAN MOVE ON TO THE LAB***

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

J.) Specific Heat LabSpecific Heat (c) is a physical property of a substance that describes how much (heat) energy is required to raise an objects temperature. In this lab you will calculate the specific heat of steel and then calculate the specific heat of an unknown metal. You will then determine the identity of the unknown metal by matching up its specific heat value with that of one on the specific heat table.

a.) After you have gotten your materials approved fill them in in the space belowMaterials:

b.) After you have gotten your data table approved, fill it in on the next page.

c.) Set up the lab materials and draw a picture of the setup belowSet up:

d.) With a partner, follow the procedure! (Try using it like a checklist to make sure that you don’t skip around)Procedure1.) Put on safety goggles.

2.) Obtain group materials.

3.) Measure the total mass (m) of the loop of steel washers and record in data table.

4.) Measure about 100mL (record your EXACT amount in the data table) of tap water into the

Styrofoam cup.

5.) Measure the initial temperature of the water in the cup (wait about one minute) and record in

data table.

6.) Place the steel washers into the boiling water bath and be sure to keep the string on the outside

so that you can lift it back out.

7.) Measure the temperature of the boiling water (wait about one minute) and record in data table.

16

8.) Pull the steel washers out of the bath and IMMEDIATELY place them into the Styrofoam cup of

tap water.

9.) Watch and make note of the temperature of the water in the Styrofoam cup every 10 seconds

until the maximum temperature is reached. Record the final (maximum) temp. in the data table.

10.) Repeat steps 3-9 substituting in the unknown metal for the steel.

11.) Perform calculations and confirm that your known sample is steel and find your

unknown by comparing your computed specific heat value with that on the table.

Data Tables (SHOW UNITS!!)

e.) Complete your calculations by following the steps belowCalculations

1.) Read the equations

17c= em×Δt

E = cmt

Energy (E) = Specific Heat (c) x Mass (m) x Temperature Change (t)

2.) Start calculating! {SHOW WORK, INCLUDE UNITS, & BOX YOUR ANSWERS}

STEEL **Energy (E) gained by water = Energy lost by the STEEL so……..**

a.) Get ENERGY (E)gained by water first:

Mass (m) of water = ______________kg (t) of water = __________C Specific heat (c) of water= 4186 J/kg°C

E = cmt

Energy (E) gained by water = _________________J = Energy lost by the STEEL

b.)Calculate the SPECIFIC HEAT (c) of STEEL using E from above

E lost by STEEL= ______________ J Mass (m) of STEEL = ___________kg (t) of STEEL = __________C

c.)*Does the calculated Specific Heat of STEEL match its value on the table on the next page? If not, how different is it? Why might it be this way?*

UNKNOWN METAL

**Energy (E) gained by water = Energy lost by the UNKNOWN METAL so……..**

d.) Get ENERGY (E)gained by water first:18

Specific Heat (c) of a metal = Energy (E) lost by the metal

mass (m) metal x (t) metal

This is the equation you will use to determine specific heat capacity

This is the equation you will use to determine energy lost or gained

c= em×Δt

Mass (m) of water = ______________kg (t) of water = __________C Specific heat (c) of water= 4186 J/kg°C

E = cmt

Energy (E) gained by water = _________________J = Energy lost by the UNKNOWN METAL

e.) b.)Calculate the SPECIFIC HEAT (c) of STEEL using E from above

E lost by UKNOWN= ______________ J Mass (m) of UNKNOWN = ___________kg (t) of UKNOWN = __________C

f.) Compare your calculated specific heat value for the unknown to the table below and determine which metal you think it could be!

g.) Explain why you think the unknown metal is this specific metal?

Substance Specific Heat Value (J/kg°C)

Aluminum (Al) 897

Copper (Cu) 385

Diamond 509

Gold (Au) 129

Iron (Fe) 450

Lead (Pb) 127

Steel 452

19

Identity of UNKNOWN METAL

c= em×Δt

Uranium (Ur) 116

20