World History

Packet: 7. 9

Topic: Explorers

Mr. Welch 937-657-1521

Name: ______________________________

Date:

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7.09: Exploration 1

Aims: “Bearcat Scholars Will Be Able To…”

1. SWBAT describe the political and economic incentives for an increase in sea exploration by Europeans.

DO NOW

Directions: Read the article below and answer the questions that follow.

In this unit we will learn about the Age of Exploration. This period of discovery lasted from about 1418 to 1620. During this time, European explorers made many daring voyages that changed world history.

A major reason for these voyages was the desire to find sea routes to East Asia, which Europeans called the Indies.

Early explorers often suffered terrible hardships. In 1520, Ferdinand Magellan set out with three ships to cross the Pacific Ocean from South America. He had guessed, correctly, that the Indies lay on the other side of the Pacific. But Magellan had no idea how vast the ocean really was. He thought his crew would be sailing for weeks at most. Instead, the crossing took three months. While the ships were still at sea, the crew ran out of food. One sailor wrote about this terrible time. “We ate biscuits…swarming with worms…We drank yellow water that had been putrid [rotten] for days…and often we ate sawdust from boards.”

Directions: Answer the following questions in complete sentences.

1. What was one main reason for European voyages during the Age of Exploration? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What was Ferdinand Magellan trying to do? ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. What trouble did Magellan’s crew face? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I DO: Class Notes

Specialized Terminology

1. _______________________________- the art and science of mapmaking.

2. ______________________________- a measure of how far east or west a place on Earth is from an imaginary line that runs between the North and South Poles.

3. ______________________________- a measure of how far north or south a place on Earth is from the equator.

4. _______________________________- A light sailing ship that is easy to maneuver and can sail in shallow water.

Two main reasons led to an increase in European exploration during this time.

1. Europeans had many ________________________ for exploring the world.

2. Also, many advances in ______________________ and _____________________helped make voyages of discovery possible

Motives for Exploration

1. There were 3 chief motives for Exploration, with a convenient nickname

a. __________________- exploring for an increase in wealth (Gold)

b. __________________- exploring for your nation’s power (Glory)

c. __________________- exploring to spread your religion (God)

2. For early explorers, one of the main motives for exploration was the desire to find new _________________________________________ to Asia.

a. By the 1400s, merchants and crusaders had brought many goods to Europe from Africa, the Middle East, and Asia.

b. _________________________ for these goods increased the ______________________ for trade.

3. Europeans were especially interested in ________________________ from Asia.

a. They had learned to use them to help ________ food during winter and to cover up the taste of food that was no longer fresh.

Gut Check!

1. What’s the difference between latitude and longitude?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Describe the economic reason for exploration.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Trade with the East, however was _____________________________ and ______________________________.

a. ____________________________ and _____________________________ controlled the flow of trade.

i. Problems arose when Muslim rulers sometimes ________________________ the trade routes from Asia and Europe.

ii. Also the goods went through many hands, and each trading party raised their ______________.

5. European ___________________________ and ______________________ wanted to break the hold that Muslims and Italians had on trade.

a. One way to do so was to find a __________ route to Asia.

b. Christopher Columbus tried to reach Asia by sailing west across the _______________________

6. Other motives also came into play. Many people were excited by the opportunity for new knowledge.

a. Explorers saw a chance to earn fame and glory as well as wealth.

b. Some craved ____________________ and as new lands were discovered, nations wanted to claim the lands’ riches for themselves.

7. A final motive for exploration was the desire to spread ________________________________________.

a. ____________________________ and ____________________ were still struggling with each other for political power

b. The ________________________, prompted by Martin Luther, was occurring at this time!

c. ________________________________________________ in your religion, the more politically powerful you could become.

d. Missionaries followed the path created by explorers, sometimes using force to bring native peoples into their faith

Gut Check!

3. What’s the problem with trading with Asia over land?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Why did so many Christians want to spread their religion to new peoples?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

WE DO: Guided Practice

This map was made by a British ______________________________________ (mapmaker) in the 1460s.

1. According to this map, describe several ways that a European could travel to Asia.

North South East West Land Africa Atlantic Europe

A. Travel ____________ across the ______________

B. Travel _____________ around ________________

C. Travel _______________ across the __________________ Ocean

2. What important information about the world did Europeans lack at this time? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Directions: Use the following reading and notes to complete the following graphic organizer on the reasons for exploration.

Motives for Exploration For early explorers, one of the main motives for exploration was the desire to find new trade routes to Asia. By the 1400s, merchants and Crusaders had brought many goods to Europe from Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Demand for these goods increased the desire for trade.

Europeans were especially interested in spices from Asia. They had learned to use spices to help preserve food during winter and to cover up the taste of food that was no longer fresh.

Trade with the East, however, was difficult and very expensive. Muslims and Italians controlled the flow of goods. Muslim traders carried goods to the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Italian merchants then brought the goods into Europe. Problems arose when Muslim rulers sometimes closed the trade routes from Asia to Europe. Also, the goods went through many hands, and each trading party raised the price.

European monarchs and merchants wanted to break the hold that Muslims and Italians had on trade. One way to do so was to find a sea route to Asia. Portuguese sailors looked for a route that went around Africa. Christopher Columbus tried to reach Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic.

Other motives also came into play. Many people were excited by the opportunity for new knowledge. Explorers saw the chance to earn fame and glory, as well as wealth. As new lands were discovered, nations wanted to claim the lands’ riches for themselves.

A final motive for exploration was the desire to spread Christianity beyond Europe. Both Protestant and Catholic nations were eager to make new converts. Missionaries of both faiths followed the paths blazed by explorers.

Reason

Explanation

Economic

(Gold)

Religion

(God)

Political

(Glory)

From your reading, rank the motives in terms of how influential you think each was in causing the Age of Exploration.

1st

2nd

3rd

7.095- Explorers 2

Aims: “Bearcat Scholars Will Be Able To…”

2. SWBAT describe the political and economic incentives for an increase in seaexploration by Europeans.

DO NOW

Directions: You are an Italian ship captain, and people keep coming to you to hire you to sail for them. Classify each of the following motives as Political, Economic, or Social (gold, glory, god)

1. A Spanish merchant wants a map to show the fastest way to the Spice Islands. ______________________

2. Several Jesuits have heard of new lands filled with Savages who need to hear the Gospel_______________________

3. The government of Italy wants you to find a new island and claim it for Italy. __________________________

4. A shady guy in a dark robe claims he knows where a City of Gold is to be found in the new world______________________.

5. A famous lord’s second son asks to sail with you and plunder Spanish treasure ships ____________________ or ___________________.

I DO: Notes!

Advance in Knowledge and Technology

1. The Age of Exploration began in the midst of the ______________________

2. One key advance was in _______________________________, the art and science of mapmaking.

3. _________________ by explorers gave mapmakers new information to work with. The result was a dramatic change in Europeans’ view of the world.

a. By the 1500s, globes showed the Earth as a ____________________________, or ball.

b. In turn, better maps helped explorers by making navigation easier.

i. The most important Renaissance geographer, Geradus ____________________, created maps using improved lines of longitude and latitude.

4. An improved ____________________________also helped explorers. By the 1400s, Portuguese and Spanish shipbuilders were making ________________. These made it easier to explorers to travel along coastlines where the water was not deep.

a. Caravels also used ____________________ (triangular) sails, an idea borrowed from Muslim ships. These sails could be positioned to use wind in all directions.

b. By the end of the 1600s, the ________________________ was much improved. The _______________ helped sailors figure out their distance north or south from the equator.

Gut Check!

5. How did cartography encourage Exploration?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. What new ship technology encouraged Exploration?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Finally, improved ____________________________ gave Europeans a huge advantage over the people they met in their explorations.

a. Sailors could fire their ________________ at targets near the shore

b. On land, the weapons of native peoples often were no match for European ____________, armor, and ________________.

6. ________________________- Spanish for “conqueror”, these were soldier/sailors who would do anything for personal _______________. European Monarchs gave them _______________________ to sail to the new world, _______________ the land for their Home Country, and look for _____

WE DO: Guided Practice

Francisco Pizarro: In 1528, Francisco Pizarro went to Spain and managed to procure a commission from Emperor Charles V. Pizarro was to conquer the Pacific coast of South America and establish a new Spanish province there. In 1532, accompanied by his brothers, Pizarro overthrew the Inca leader Atahualpa and conquered Peru. Three years later, he founded the new capital city of Lima. In 1541, Pizarro was assassinated by rivals in Peru.

Pizarro

Date of Voyages?

Claim to Fame?

Death:

Hernan Cortes: In 1518, Cortés was to command his own expedition to Mexico, and set sail with more than 500 men and 11 ships that fall. Cortés became allies with some of the native peoples he encountered, but with others he used deadly force to conquer Mexico. He fought Tlaxacan and Cholula warriors and then set his sights on taking over the Aztec empire. He marched to Tenochtitlán, the Aztec capital and home to ruler Montezuma II. Cortés took Montezuma hostage and his soldiers raided the city. Cortés left the city after learning that Spanish troops were coming to arrest him for disobeying orders. Cortés died in Spain in 1547.

Cortés:

Date of Voyages?

Claim to Fame?

Death:

Bartolomeu Dias: Born in 1450, Bartolomeu Dias was sent by Portuguese King John II to explore the coast of Africa and find a way to the Indian Ocean. Dias departed circa August 1487, rounding the southernmost tip of Africa in January, 1488. The Portuguese (possibly Dias himself) named this point of land the Cape of Good Hope. Dias was lost at sea during another expedition around the Cape in 1500.

Dias:

Date of Voyages?

Claim to Fame?

Death:

Juan Ponce de Leon: In 1512, Ponce de León learned of a Caribbean island called Bimini, on which it was rumored there were miraculous waters purported to be a “fountain of youth.” After writing to the Spanish King, Ponce de León was able to strike a substantially profitable deal with the crown to explore the islands. In his search, de Leon sailed to Florida, claimed it for Spain, and found a substantial amount of gold. He never found the Fountain, though, and died in Cuba of dysentery.

Ponce de Leon:

Date of Voyages?

Claim to Fame?

Death: