PEACE PROCESSE AND

Recovery and Reconciliation

IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Azra Adžajlić-Dedović1

"Ambassadors of Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina" is the name of International Journal of Victimology in Bosnia and Herzegovina, at a conference held in Sarajevo on 22 November 2017., that have been brought eminent scientific and expert workers from the governmental and non-governmental sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina (which are held since 2015 in Sarajevo). The organizer's intent is to offer the best victim-conflict prevention measures through the scientific multidisciplinary approach. "Dealing with the Past," "Transition Justice“, „Restorative Justice," "Peace Education for Culture of Peace". Prevention measures as the best response through the scientific work can halp in Recovery and Reconciliation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Non-governmental organizations of victims of war have opened questions of compensation for damages and reparations of victims, as a result of which scientific papers which offer the best European and the World practices. Regarding the reimbursement of damages we need adoption of the Law on Compensation for Victims of Criminal, but also through the formation of special Fondue in accordance with the Law on Protection of Victims of Torture in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

1 Professor Victimology and Restorative Justice, Faculty of Criminal Justice and Criminology and Security Studies, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Victimology, during the history, the War Victims studied through the prism of pain, suffering, harm and secondary victimization and adequate moral and material satisfaction. In addition, in the scientific focus of Victimology, measures are taken to prevent new conflicts and violence from the wings of the war victims. Precisely because of this, Victimilogy needs a historical approach or a "confrontation with the past" that he sees as the best measure, though painful for the victims, but necessary to prevention of new conflicts and realization of "social peace" in the future.

A renowned, professor of Victimology, Professor Gerd Ferdinand Kirchhoff, Prof. Dr. jur. (Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany) Professor of Victimology, Jindal Global University Law School, (JGLS) Executive Director, Jindal Institute of

Behavioural Sciences (JIBS), Senior Fellow, Centre for Victimology & Psychological Studies (CVPS), Editor in Chief, Global Advances in Victimology and Psychological Studies said at a conference that without facing the past and the consequences of the war crimes, there is no enduring peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

This is also confirmed by the experience of Rwanda, Ireland, and some other states that have endured conflicts and have entered into peace agreements that have a fragile peace that can not be maintained without "facing the past" and some new peace agreements (such as Dayton, 1995 in Bosnia and Herzegovina).

Peaceful agreements bring about cuts in wars, but building peace is a long-lasting process that can last for years, depending on the severity and responsibility of political parties entrusted with implementing these peace building processes. The field of "misuse" of the international peace agreement depends on the precision and determination of the activities and measures imposed by a peace agreement to establish and build peace.

This Peace Implementation Agreement is also dependent on international oversight, assistance and support in their consistent implementation. Bosnia and Herzegovina is the best example of how and to what extent an international peace agreement can be overwhelmed by both international and national factors. The inconsistent implementation of the "Peace Agreement in Bosnia and Herzegovina" signed in Dayton, in 1995, ended conflicts, but left the country without strong support in its implementation or in a "frozen conflict" for immoral and unjust terms such as the agreements contain.

The immorality of the provisions is reflected in the absence of provisions directed by the parties to the conflict to best prevent conflict in the future, but also the construction of peace and non-violent societies in the future.

The lack of provisions is reflected in the lack of mechanisms for the rapid and efficient assistance, support and protection of victims of war, as well as the limited duration of those that exist (such as the House of Human Rights), but not foreseeing (international) sanctions for "warring parties" guarantor of the Peaceful Peace Implementation Agreement "if the above provisions are not implemented consistently, efficiently and quickly in this agreement within a certain deadline.

The peace agreements that are deficient and do not clearly specify all the needs of war victims, as well as peace building measures, cast doubt on the "intentions of the agreement makers" or as if they were not designed to last for a long time because all sides are dissatisfied with this agreement and "glorify” the aforementioned omissions "by abusing the" impossibility "of correcting a peaceful agreement, but not the existence of punishment and coercion to build lasting peace.

That is why our experience speaks of the need to incorporate peace building and peace building measures through restorative approaches, but also through obligatory "education for the culture of peace and nonviolence" in the future. If we are to "save" Earth from pollution and destruction, together "conquer" the universe (Mars and other planets), future international peace agreements must have several parts:

1. Ending the conflict,

2. Assistance and support in remedying the damage and consequences of the war (restitution for victims and assistance to the state in recovery),

3. Building a stable peace.

All these should be obligations for which, in case of inconsistent immunity, appropriate international measures and penalties (exclusion from international acts, isolation, economic measures, prosecution of international bodies responsible for the abuse of the power of international bodies responsible for overseeing the implementation of the Peace Agreement, FIG.).

In addition, our experience teaches us that it is imperative to continuously work on the recovery of victims of PTSD, but also on the recovery of the perpetrators as "bullies" through psychosocial treatment, but through simultaneous work for "social good".

If peace agreements do not contain measures:

1. Public apology

2. Effective compensation for victims of war

3. Efficient and quick help of support and protection for victims of war

4. Condemnation of the "war criminals"

5. Measures to prevent conflict and violence in the future

CAN NOT REMOVE THE STABILITY AND THE STABILITY, THAT WILL BE BROUGHT BY FACILITIES OF AN INDEPENDENT AND NON-MEMORAL POLICIES THAT WERE WARS AND INCREASED, AND ALL IN THE INTENTION TO REDUCE THE AUTHORITY (ADMINISTRATIVE

INSECUTION) AND AFFECTIVE PUNISHMENT.

"SUSTAINABLE BENEFIT WORK" FOR WAR CRIMES IN REDUCING WAR OR PROHIBITIONS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF NUCLEAR VICTIMS IS THE BEST OF THE SOCIETY TO BE CONSIDERED THAT "LOW PEOPLE" ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR DISARMAMENT AND SEEKING HIMSELF ASSISTED IN THE RECOVERY OF A SOCIAL COMMUNITY. READING THIS, "WORK FOR PUBLIC GOOD" ASSETS THE ASSETS OF THE COMPANY, AND PUBLIC LABOR AND STIGMATIZES "THE BEST OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMES".

Tim Chapman LlB, M.Sc. Ulster University Belfast, UK in the science papaer for the International Journal of Victimology in Bosnia and Herzegovina (with title : THE CONTRIBUTION OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE TO ADRESSING CONFLICT BETWEEN ETHNIC GROUPS IN NORTHERN IRELAND) spoken: Northern Ireland is emerging from 30 years of violent conflict between the majority protestant, unionist and loyalist majority and the catholic, nationalist and republican minority.

The peace has led to a power-sharing government, a strengthening of human rights and equality and the reform of policing and the criminal justice system. Violence is now minimal. However there is a legacy to the conflict in relation to the trauma of victims which has not been addressed and conflicts over culture. Northern Ireland remains a deeply divided society. We have missed all the above and have not reacted adequately in time, or at the moment of concluding a Peace Accord for Bosnia and Herzegovina, so we are now trying to correct the mistakes observed.

We place the greatest hope for the future and long-lasting peace in "education for the culture of peace" as one of the victimization measures of conflict prevention in the future. Unfortunately, within the Bosnian systems of warfare, these lessons are only conducted on the Victimology and Restorative Justice, but through co-operation with respondents in both entities, we managed to ensure its consistent application throughout the whole of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Implementation is in progress, while we can expect changes only through the next generations of males, which is why we believe that this education should be mandatory already in elementary school, and it can be adapted to children of age, and in our opinion, this is the only correct way for building a global peace.

Our next step is the formation of special classes that will be realized in cooperation with the Gandhi Institute for Peace and Non-violence, from India, in order to apply the best knowledge on the culture of nonviolence and peace in the future.

The goal is to create institutional and intellectual conditions for the formation of empirical and normative dimensions of knowledge that could oppose to the ideologies of neo-fascism, in a theoretical-discursive area, and in practice. This activity is inseparable from the sensitive "game of construction and deconstruction of identity and difference", from the construction and deconstruction of the same and the different.

The Victimology faces a problem when (1) the educational policies and practices of identifying the common past, (2) the identity politics and (3) the policy of memories filled with the unhindered violence of the past, in the reality of our present time, become again (almost unbearable) violent; already in the process of symbolic, new media and identifying construction of that, which, we, in any essentialist interpretation, name the collective identity. The paper also deals with critical analysis of clericalization of educational policies, critical analysis of clericalization of identity politics and critical analysis of clericalization of the remembering policy.

In addition, the ruling politics acting on all spheres of life, and especially on the media, create our reality and tame the field of freedom of speech, freedom of movement and other freedom to prevent the processes of coping with past and reconciliation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. National leaders as "defenders of the people" (constituent), having reconciliation no longer have to defend, which is why keeping the "frozen conflict" or "on the verge of war" an ideal basis for "preserving power" or their survival in power as "the protector of the people ". And what is violated by elementary human rights or human rights, because of the rights of the people, is not an injustice to the collapse of a peaceful agreement, but an indispensable measure of the development of democracy and human rights. For non-serious politics and politicians, the people of a man and his human rights are more important, such as “nonsense” and abuses of power and authority to create a "society of fear." There (in countries in the world) where only one human does not live well can not be good nor constituent peoples.

“Fear of others and different” has led us in "Society of Fear" or divided societies in

Bosnia and Herzegovina, so we have to fight education against these“ ill fears“.

Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2019.