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TRANSCRIPT
Transcription and Translation
The story so far…..
DNA replication
- DNA double helix unwinds and with the help of many ___________ to make a new semiconservative____________strand.
Proteins are formed from amino acids into _____different structures
RNA is a key player in getting the genetic code from DNA to the protein.
mRNA – takes information from DNA to ________________
tRNA – carries ___________to the ribosomes to make polypeptides
rRNA – joins with proteins in the cytoplasm to form _____________
The next chapter in the story….
There are 2 stages in protein synthesis:
1. ____________ -DNA is copied onto mRNA and taken out of the nucleus
2. ___________ - Instructions are followed from mRNA to assemble polypeptides
Transcription
DNA is used as a _____________to form a molecule of
____________-stranded mRNA
Three steps of Transcription:
1)
2)
3)
1) DNA Unzipping
_____________of DNA is unzipped (_______between nitrogen bases are broken)
_______________ binds at the TATA box
Enzyme ____________– helps to break the Hydrogen bonds
2) Complimentary Base Pairing
Free-floating ______ -nucleotides temporarily ________________bond with their complimentary nucleotides on the DNA template
Ex: DNA – A T C G RNA –
Only one of the DNA strands is used as the template.
______________ helps to bond the sugar-phosphate backbone
3) Termination
RNA polymerase reaches termination ___________
RNA polymerase __________from DNA, releasing
single-stranded mRNA strand
DNA ___________ into its double helix
mRNA is _______(extrons and introns) and capped
mRNA is transported out of the nucleus – through
the ___________________
Translation
mRNA goes into the _________________and is used as a template to synthesize a _______________molecule.
Three Steps of Translation
1) Initiation –
2) Elongation –
3) Termination –
1) Initiation
need start codon AUG
The first tRNA, with anticodon ___________ and amino acid ______________ temporarily binds to the first site
2) Elongation
The second ________molecule attaches to the second site of translation
The _________from the first _____ is transferred to the____________on the second _________.
The first tRNA _____, the ribosome ______, a ___ tRNA enters, and the process is __________.
The process is repeated many times, and a ___________ or strand of amino acids, is formed.
3) Termination
The _______________enters.
Translation, or protein synthesis,______.
The completed ___________ is released.
Translation - Application
What does this diagram represent?
Connection between different RNAs
mRNA binds with _________– at the ribosome
tRNA bring the __________ to the ribosome
mRNA has triplet _________ that match with triplet __________ on the tRNA
The codons/anticodons and amino acids – all ________________to each other
If GAA is the mRNA codon – what is the:
◦ tRNA anticodon:
◦ Amino acid:
Which of the following is an anticodon of a molecule of tRNA carrying glycine?
A. G G A
B. C C U
C. C C T
D. C G C
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Translation - Application
DNA Sequence:
T A C G C A A A A T G G C C T A C T
mRNA Sequence:
Amino acid sequence: