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Web Server Administration

Chapter 1The Basics of Server and Web

Server Administration

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Web Server AdministrationOverview

ISP

Public Internet

Internal Users

Web Services

LAN WAN

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Is everything on the Internet a web service?

Officially, where the Internet uses the HTTP protocol, it is called the Web Web servers use HTTP to communicate Web clients are called browsers Browsers have come to offer much

more than HPPT Is it available through a browser?

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Web Services and Applications Include

Web Sites (Static and Dynamic) FTP DNS Email (Now that all email servers

provide web-based clients) Application servers Synchronous communications

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Web server Administration Depending on the size of the

organization, some tasks may be delegated Web page development Database design Programming E-mail administration Security

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Providing Web Services to Users…

1. …requires a applications and protocols

2. These are written in web programming languages

3. If content is dynamic a DBMS is required

4. All of this sits on a platform

5. …connected to the world

6. …and secured by firewalls and access control policies.

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Applications and Protocols Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Web servers implement this protocol Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

Used by e-mail servers (and sometimes Web servers) to send e-mail

Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3) Used to retrieve e-mail

Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) Used to connect to a mail server

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Applications and Protocols File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

Transfers files to and from server Domain Name Service (DNS)

Translates host names to IP addresses and IP addresses to host names

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Provides error messages

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Key Protocols Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Creates a reliable connection between two computers

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Does not establish a connection, just

sends messages Internet Protocol (IP)

Provides addressing scheme

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Web Programming Languages Web server administrators need to

install programming languages Web developers use a variety of

languages Active Server Pages (ASP)

Original language from Microsoft ASP.Net

A newer environment that includes many languages

Java Server Pages (JSP)

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Web Programming Languages

Non-Microsoft languages are popular, even on Microsoft Web servers Perl – one of the first and still popular PHP – easy to use Java Server Pages (JSP) Macromedia ColdFusion

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DBMS A database management system (DBMS)

is used to store data used with Web pages Microsoft Access is appropriate for small sites Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle 9i, and MySQL

are sophisticated DBMSs for larger sites Standard Query Language (SQL) is the

language used to communicate with the DBMS

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What is a Platform? Windows NT (IIS 4)

IIS (Internet Information Server) was added in the mid-1990s, and support for ASP was added later

Windows 2000 (IIS 5) IIS part of the OS from the beginning .NET Framework add-on allows use of

ASP.NET Windows Server 2003 (IIS 6)

.NET Framework integrated into OS

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Other Microsoft Server Products

Application Center Allows you to manage a cluster of servers as if it is one

server Biztalk Server

Connects to your business partners using XML Commerce Server

Builds e-commerce sites in a short amount of time Internet Security and Acceleration Server

Combines a firewall product with a Web cache Operations Manager

Helps decrease support costs for a server environment SharePoint Portal Server

Set up a site that is highly personalized

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Apache on UNIX/Linux UNIX was introduced in 1969 Linux is from the early 1990s

Based on MINIX Three basic components

Kernel – central portion of OS File system – provides input and

output mechanisms Shell – provides user interface

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Apache on Linux

Source code is freely available Developers can make changes

Available from a number of organizations Red Hat Mandrake SuSe

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Connecting Your LAN to the Internet

Your ISP connects to the Internet A WAN connection is used between

your building and the ISP A T-Carrier connection is often

used A digital connection for voice and

data

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Connecting to the Internet

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Common T-Carrier Connections

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Other ways to Connect to the Internet Integrated services digital network (ISDN)

Dial-up access Basic Rate Interface (BRI) up to 128 Kbps Primary Rate Interface (PRI) up to 1.544 Mbps

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Often differing speeds for uploads and

downloads Depending on type, up to 6.1 Mbps for

downloads and 1.544 Mbps for uploads Cable Modem

Shared access cable provided by cable TV company

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Web Hosting Options Standard hosting

Your site resides on the same computer with many other sites

Cheapest solution Dedicated server

You have a server that only you use Co-location

Your own server is physically located at the company that does your Web hosting

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Establishing Access Control Users need just enough access to do

their jobs, but not more Typically, users are organized into

groups, and groups are given access to network resources

Users can be given different access to the same resources A document can be read by everyone but

modified by only specific people