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Web 2.0 Trends in Geospatial Information Systems A User­Centric GIS

Faridur Rahman Choudhury Assistant Project Manager 8 th May 2008

Web 2.0 Trends in Geospatial Information Systems

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We Are…

A professional services company providing geospatial solutions and

application software services to clients worldwide

# 2

A professional services company providing geospatial solutions and

application software services to clients worldwide

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§ Global clients including Fortune 100 companies § Over 75% repeat business § Best employer status

– Ranked amongst Indian IT’s Top 20 Best Employers for five years in a row and at fourth position in 2007

– Featured for two years in a row amongst the top five companies in the Great Places to Work study conducted by Great Places to Work Institute and Business World. Ranked 1st in 2006

– Ranked 2nd in the NASSCOM "Exciting Emerging Companies to Work for" survey 2007

§ Quality certifications ­ SEI CMMI Level 5, ISO 27001 and ISO 9001:2000

§ Over 1000 multi­disciplinary technical staff § Operations covering North America, UK , Continental

Europe, and Asia

RMSI Today Global clients including Fortune 100 companies

Ranked amongst Indian IT’s Top 20 Best Employers for five years in a row and at fourth position in 2007 Featured for two years in a row amongst the top five companies in the Great Places to Work study conducted by Great Places to Work Institute and Business World. Ranked

Ranked 2nd in the NASSCOM "Exciting Emerging Companies

SEI CMMI Level 5, ISO 27001 and

disciplinary technical staff Operations covering North America, UK , Continental

# 3

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Where Am I?

The Key is Location

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Are you spatially enabled?

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How many of you have used maps?

Turn Left, Walk straight for 100 meters

and then break through the wall in

the dead‐end!

How many of you have used maps?

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How many of you have stopped to ask for directions? How many of you have stopped to ask for directions?

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We are all spatially enabled!

We all know where where we are going!

We are all spatially enabled!

where we are and we are going!

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What is a Geospatial/Geographic Information System?

A GIS is a system capable of storing, analyzing

geographically referenced information; that is, data identified according to location

What is a Geospatial/Geographic Information System?

A GIS is a system capable of capturing, analyzing, and displaying

geographically referenced information; that data identified according to location

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Heritage of Modern GIS § London Cholera outbreak in 1854

§ Dr. John Snow created this map in an attempt to isolate what was infecting all the people

§ His study of the distribution of cholera led to the source of the disease, a contaminated water pump within the heart of the cholera outbreak

§ In fact, you could consider this map to be the first recorded mash­up, taking three distinct sets of data – location of cholera deaths, street map and location of water pumps ­ and combining them into a single view

Heritage of Modern GIS

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GIS in Web 1.0 era § Limited to enterprise users for

critical business needs § Map data was specific to that

particular business need § Browser­based GIS limited to

viewing and searching on maps § Thick clients for advanced

functionality like editing § Information (called attributes in

GIS parlance) were put in by cartographers and customised for that particular need

§ Expensive systems with a high cost of data and GIS Engines

§ Used by experts

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The GeoWeb 2.0

§ GeoWeb 1.0 – Static 2D map sites – Publishing – Producer­centric – Centralized – Close­Coupling

• Propriety protocols (e.g. AXL)

– Basic

§ GeoWeb 2.0 – Dynamic 2D maps, Globes and Earths

– Participation – User­centric – Distributed – Loose­coupling

• Standard Protocols (e.g. W3C SOAP/XML, OGC W*S)

– Rich

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Web 2.0 Trends in GIS

The Next Generation GIS

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What changed Web GIS?

§ The introduction of Google Map in February of 2005 had a major impact not only on spatial map services but on the entire geospatial industry.

§ … Google Map’s appeal, ease, world coverage, and free cost moved it to immediate prominence and opened a new geospatial era for public consumers.

What changed Web GIS?

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What Followed?

§ Google “employed” us to make their database rich

§ We did it for for free § The community started to add data – from the nearest restaurants to where the girlfriend lived

§ Today it is one of the richest GIS Feature database in the world

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Crowdsourced Data Collection

§ GeoWiki • Allow anyone to submit updates to the GIS vector

data store • Promotes more up­to­date data • A GIS archive maintained using wiki principles • Completely free and open for anyone to use

Crowdsourced Data Collection – “Wikification” of GIS

Allow anyone to submit updates to the GIS vector

A GIS archive maintained using wiki principles Completely free and open for anyone to use

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Crowdsourced Data Collection

• OpenStreetMap • Collaborative project to create free editable maps • Maps created using

• Data from portable GPS devices • Local knowledge • Public domain sources like TIGER • Satellite and aerial images • Contributed datasets

Crowdsourced Data Collection – “Wikification” of GIS

Collaborative project to create free editable maps

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Crowdsourced Data Collection

• ShapeWiki • Collaborative shape repository • Tagged repository of shapes anyone can browse, create and import • Follows GIS standards and protocols

Crowdsourced Data Collection – “Wikification” of GIS

Tagged repository of shapes anyone can browse, create and import Follows GIS standards and protocols

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OK TATA BYE BYE – Indian Crowdsourced GIS

§ Driving Direction between cities § Registered Users can add new or alternate routes

Indian Crowdsourced GIS

Registered Users can add new or alternate routes

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What Makes WebGeo

GIS Data Exchange Standards

WebGeo 2.0 Possible?

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Standards, Standards and Standards!!

§ The key is standards § Use of Open Geospatial Consortium specified formats and protocols

• GML • KML • GeoRSS • W*S

§ All major GIS Engines understand and speak these languages § All major GIS APIs in Public domain understand and speak these languages

Standards, Standards and Standards!!

Use of Open Geospatial Consortium specified formats and protocols

All major GIS Engines understand and speak these languages All major GIS APIs in Public domain understand and speak these languages

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Geography Markup Language (GML)

§ XML grammer defined by Open Geospatial Consortium § Serves as a modeling language for geographic systems § Open interchange format for geographic transactions on the Internet

<gml:Polygon> <gml:outerBoundaryIs>

<gml:LinearRing> <gml:coordinates>0,0 100,0 100,100 0,100 0,0</gml:coordinates>

</gml:LinearRing> </gml:outerBoundaryIs>

</gml:Polygon> <gml:Point>

<gml:coordinates>100,200</gml:coordinates> </gml:Point> <gml:LineString>

<gml:coordinates>100,200 150,300</gml:coordinates> </gml:LineString>

Geography Markup Language (GML)

XML grammer defined by Open Geospatial Consortium language for geographic systems

Open interchange format for geographic transactions on the Internet

<gml:coordinates>0,0 100,0 100,100 0,100 0,0</gml:coordinates>

<gml:coordinates>100,200 150,300</gml:coordinates>

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Keyhole Markup Language ­

§ An XML­based language schema for expressing geographic annotation and visualization on existing or future Web three­dimensional Earth browsers

§ Developed for use with Google Earth, which was originally named Keyhole Earth Viewer

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF­8"?>

<kml xmlns="http://earth.google.com/kml/2.0">

<Placemark>

<description>New York City</description>

<name>New York City</name>

<Point>

<coordinates>­

</Point>

</Placemark>

</kml>

­ KML

based language schema for expressing geographic annotation and visualization on existing or future Web­based, two­dimensional maps and

Developed for use with Google Earth, which was originally named Keyhole

<kml xmlns="http://earth.google.com/kml/2.0">

<description>New York City</description>

<name>New York City</name>

74.006393,40.714172,0</coordinates>

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Open Geospatial Consortium Standards

§ Web Map Service (WMS) § Request and provide a map as a picture or set of features ( § Get and provide information about the content of a map such as the value of a feature at a

location (GetFeatureInfo) § Get and provide information about what types of maps a server can deliver (

§ Web Feature Service (WFS) and WFS § WFS allows querying and retrieval of features § WFS­T allows allows creation, deletion, and updating of features § “Features” can be said to be the source­code behind maps § Data exchanged between server and client via GML

§ Web Coverage Service (WCS) § Coverages are objects (or images) in a geographical area § WCS allows querying and retrieval of coverages

Open Geospatial Consortium Standards – W*S

Request and provide a map as a picture or set of features (GetMap) Get and provide information about the content of a map such as the value of a feature at a

Get and provide information about what types of maps a server can deliver (GetCapabilities)

Web Feature Service (WFS) and WFS­Transactional WFS allows querying and retrieval of features

creation, deletion, and updating of features code behind maps

Data exchanged between server and client via GML

are objects (or images) in a geographical area coverages

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GeoRSS

§ Extension to the common RSS (Really Simple Syndication) used on web sites to notify readers of new articles or updates

§ GeoRSS adds geographic coordinates and features to RSS and Atom items § GeoRSS comes in several flavors: W3C Geo, Simple, and GML § Example:

§ Real­time traffic status in Yahoo Maps § Latest Earthquakes over the world from USGS § News feeds by location on maps <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml­stylesheet href="/eqcenter/catalogs/rssxsl.php?feed=eqs7day­M5.xml" type="text/ <rss version="2.0" xmlns:geo="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" <channel>

<title>USGS M5+ Earthquakes</title> <description>Real­time, worldwide earthquake list for the past 7 days</description> <link>http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/</link> <dc:publisher>U.S. Geological Survey</dc:publisher> <pubDate>Thu, 27 Dec 2007 23:56:15 PST</pubDate> <item>

<pubDate>Fri, 28 Dec 2007 05:24:17 GMT</pubDate> <title>M 5.3, northern Sumatra, Indonesia</title> <description>December 28, 2007 05:24:17 GMT</description> <link>http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007llai.php</link> <geo:lat>5.5319</geo:lat> <geo:long>95.8972</geo:long>

</item> </channel>

</rss>

Extension to the common RSS (Really Simple Syndication) used on web sites to notify

adds geographic coordinates and features to RSS and Atom items : W3C Geo, Simple, and GML

Latest Earthquakes over the world from USGS

M5.xml" type="text/xsl" media="screen"?> ="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">

time, worldwide earthquake list for the past 7 days</description>

<link>http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007llai.php</link>

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How should WebGeo feel like?

The Presentation Layer

WebGeo 2.0 Applications

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I want my desktop GIS on the internet! § Desktop­like experience § Full screen bigger maps § No page­refreshes § Dynamic pan and zoom § Seamless client­side drawing of

Points, Lines and Polygons on map § Dockable/Movable panels § High levels of interaction and

instant feedback § Extensive use of Web 2.0

technologies – AJAX – Adobe AIR / Flash – Microsoft Silverlight

I want my desktop GIS on the internet!

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TakingWebGeo 2.0 To The Enterprise

GIS Web Services Mashup for an Enterprise Application

2.0 To The Enterprise

GIS Web Services Mashup for an Enterprise Application

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“iTrack ­ Vehicle Tracking Application”

Geofence (GML) Shows all vehicles within 3 sq km of the pick‐up address

Live Traffic (GeoRSS) Realtime traffic data from 3 rd party via a GeoRSS Feed

Address Search via Google API

VID: 1245

VID: 1348

Vehicle Tracking Application”

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Google Satellite Image (Web Service) Base Satellite image from Google / Yahoo / Live Maps

GPS Data (JSON) Live vehicle locations from on‐board GPS sent via GPRS/SMS

Business –specific Layer (WMS) Locations of the Cab Garages

VID: 1290

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A Typical Open Source GeoWeb 2.0 Architecture ¡ Apache Tomcat

Open­Source J2EE Application Server

¡ GeoServer Open­Source OGC­compliant Map server (Using Map and Feature Services)

¡ PostgreSQL with PostGIS Open­Source RDBMS with Spatial Capabilities

¡ OpenLayers Open­Source Web mapping JavaScript library using AJAX and client­side mapping tools

¡ Styled Layer Descriptors Styled Layer Description for map styling

¡ (X)HTML, CSS, XML and Javasacript W3C and ECMA compliant web languages

¡ Hosted Services (Image) like Google, Yahoo and Virtual Earth (Live Maps) and overlaying custom ESRI Shape files on them without sending data to their servers

¡ Hosted Services (Features) like Google, Yahoo and Virtual Earth (Live Maps) for searching features

A Typical Open Source GeoWeb 2.0 Architecture

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Data Source

PostgreSQL+Post GIS / Oracle/ DB2/ArcSDE (Spatial DB)

Public Map APIs (Google, Yahoo, VirtualEarth etc)

SHP, TAB, GeoTIFF, VPF,

WFS

Web Server (IIS, Tomcat, JBoss, Jetty,JRun)

GeoServer (Spatial Data Server)

Client

HTML Flash / Flex Desktop

WMS

Image

WFS Features

(XML/GML)

WCS

Aerial

OpenLayers (JavaScript GIS API Library)

Prototype+Scriptaculous (AJAX API Library)

Mobile

GeoRSS XML KML

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Conclusion

§ GIS is all about layers, and associating attributes to spatial data

§ GIS is a key buzzword in the context of Social Web Technologies • Serves as a backend for for geospatial web applications • Provides content allowing for users to create new “layers” on top of publicly available GIS stores to create mashups

§ The “wikification” of GIS • Allows normal users to update inaccurate data and contribute new data

• Apply best features of Wikis to a GIS data archive

GIS is all about layers, and associating attributes to

GIS is a key buzzword in the context of Social Web

Serves as a backend for for geospatial web applications Provides content allowing for users to create new “layers” on top of publicly available GIS stores to create mashups

Allows normal users to update inaccurate data and contribute

Apply best features of Wikis to a GIS data archive

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