wcdma hsdpa principals and resources
DESCRIPTION
HSDPA principleTRANSCRIPT
WCDMA RANfunctionalities and
parameters
1. WCDMA Idle Mode Behaviour
2. WCDMA Radio Connection Handling
3. WCDMA Power Control
4. WCDMA Capacity Management
5. WCDMA Handover
6. WCDMA Channel Switching
7. WCDMA HSDPA
7. WCDMA HSDPA
8. WCDMA HSUPA
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Agenda7. WCDMA HSDPA
› Basic Principles
› Channels Structure
› HSDPA Resources Allocation
› RBS Power: R99 & HSDPA
› Power Control Concepts
› HSDPA Available Power
› HSDPA Power Usage
› Spreading Factor and Maximum Rate
› HSDPA Code Allocation
› HSDPA Code Sharing
› HSDPA Main Algorithms
› HSDPA Protocol
› HSDPA Flow Control
› HSDPA Scheduler
› Queue Selection
› Transport Format Selection
› Channel Quality Indicator
› Hybrid ARQ
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HSDPA Basic Principles
Shared Channel TransmissionDynamically shared in time & code domain
Higher-order Modulation16QAM in complement to QPSK for higher peak bit rates
2 ms Short Transmission Time Interval (2 ms)
Reduced round trip delay
Fast Hybrid ARQ with Soft CombiningReduced round trip delay
Fast Radio Channel Dependent SchedulingScheduling of users on 2 ms time basis
Fast Link AdaptationData rate adapted to radio conditions on 2 ms time basis
Power UtilizationUses transmitter remaining power from R99 channels
Dedicated channels (power controlled)
Common channels
Power usage with dedicated channels t
Unused power
Power
HS-DSCH with dynamic power allocation t
Dedicated channels (power controlled)
Common channels
HS-DSCH (rate controlled)
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Power
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3GPP Release 99 3GPP Release 5
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HSDPA Channel Structure
RNC RNCIur
Iub Iub
Iu Iu
HS-DSCH
HS-SCCHHS-DPCCH
Iub
– Control the power11
– Decide which mobile and how much to transmit to it (Scheduling)2
2
– RRM policy3
3
› HSDPA introduces 3 new Physical channels:- HS-PDSCH (High Speed Physical Downlink Shared
Channel): The transport channel HS-DSCH is mapped on one or several HS-PDSCHs which are simultaneously received by the UE.
- HS-SCCH (High-Speed Shared Control Channel): carries control information from the MAC-hs in the RBS to the scheduled UE. (UE identity, hybrid-ARQ-info, and HS-DSCH TFRC selection parameters.
- HS-DPCCH (High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel): UE uses this UL channel to request retransmissions on the HS-DSCH and to report the measured downlink channel quality to the RBS (CQI).
Associated Dedicated Channels
DPCH
DPCCH, DPDCH
HSDPA Resources Allocation
Shared with R99 traffic
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Dedicated channels (power controlled)
Common channels
Power usage with dedicated channels t
Unused power
Power
HS-DSCH with dynamic power allocation t
Dedicated channels (power controlled)
Common channels
HS-DSCH (rate controlled)
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3GPP Release 99 3GPP Release 5
› The RBS power available for HSDPA is determined dynamically, depending on the R99 power utilization:
– P HS = P max - P non-HS - hsPowerMargin [dB]
P non-HS is the total transmitted carrier power of all codes not used for HS-PDSCH, HS-SCCH, E-HICH, E-RGCH and E-AGCH transmission, i.e. the total power of all dedicated and common channels (measured by RBS every TTI)
hsPowerMargin is used to give some headroom in total carrier power for different purposes e.g. to avoid the Mean Power limiter effects or power instability problem.
RBS power for R99 & HSPA
maximumTransmissionPower
hsPowerMargin
Baseline Value
2 (0.2 dB)
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R99 Power control Concept
› The main idea of the UMTS/R99 is to guarantee a level of QoS (rate, BLER etc) despite the condition of the channel.
› To do this, the power for a specific mobile is adjusted in order to react to the channel condition and match the requirements.
› The coding, the modulation and the interleaving is decided independently by the radio quality.
RequiredBit Rate
RequiredBLER, SIRCoding
Channel variation
Adapted Power
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HSDPA Power Control Concept
› The main idea of the HSDPA is to use the resources remained by the DCH usage and by these as much as possible from the current state of the radio channel
› To do this, the power for a specific mobile is given and the coding, the modulation etc is decided in order to obtain the maximum performance for the specific radio condition (per TTI)
CalculatedRemainingPower
Channel variation
Adapted CodingModulationDCH traffic variation
Throughput
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HSDPA AVAILABLE power
› The main idea is that the channel can use all the power not used by other DCH.
Common Channels
Pmax
hsPowerMargin
Power
HS-ChannelNote that there is a threshold for DCH Adm. control
Note that this include both HS-PDSCH and HS-SCCHNote that there are even the A-DCH Dedicated Channels
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HSDPA power USAGE
› Once obtained the power available for the HS channels, first the power for HS-SCCH is calculated.– There are two possibilites to set HS-SCCH Power setting:
1. HS-SCCH power is fixed. The parameter hsScchMaxCodePower is configured relative to the CPICH power, primaryCpichPower (like other common channels)
- It is important to set a value for this parameter by considering the trade-off between giving more power to HS-DSCH (payload) and making HS-SCCH robust enough to be able guarantee a high success rate of decoding this channel.
2. HSDPA Code Multiplexing is used (optional feature) and power control is used for the HS-SCCH
- Field trials have shown that HSDPA throughput performance is better when increasing the maximum allowed code power for HS-SCCH by 1dB from default setting. This is done by setting the parameter hsScchMaxCodePower equal to -10 (-1 dB)
Note: Power control of the HS-SCCH is not specified in 3GPP.
› Finally, the total power available for the HS-PDSCH is estimated as:– P_HS-PDSCH = P_HS – P_HS-SCCH [dB],
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› In WCDMA, information is spread over approximately 5 MHz. This bandwidth is able to carry 3.84 Mchips/s. Thus there is a direct relationship between Spreading Factor and maximum bit rate.
Spreading Factor and Max. Rate
HSDPAEUL
De
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UL & DL User Rates (QPSK)
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Hsdpa code allocation
WCDMA Intro
SF=16
SF=8
SF=4
SF=2
SF=1Channelization Codes statically allocated for HS-DSCH transmission
(numHsPdschCodes)
R99 traffic
Dynamic Code Allocation (dynamicHsPdschCodeAdditionOn)
maxNumHsPdschCodes
R99 traffic growth
Dynamic Code Allocation› R99 traffic has priority over HSDPA on the SF16 codes not statically
allocated for HSDPA› Then there is a the trade-off between allocating dedicated resources
(SF 16 codes) for HSDPA in order to allow a higher cell peak throughput and R99 blocking probability.
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HSDPA Code Sharing
User #1 User #2 User #3 User #4 time
TTI=2ms
HSPA Code Multiplexing
(flexibleSchedulerOn; numHsScchCodes)
HSDPA RBS Scheduler
SF=16
SF=8
SF=4
SF=2
SF=1
Codes Allocated for HSDPA
› Codes Allocated for HSDPA will be dynamically shared between HSDPA Cell users on a 2 ms. basis getting a better code resource utilization than for R99
HSDPA Main Algorithms
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› Downlink user plane data is mapped to a RB to be transmitted on the HS-DSCH. Then RB is then processed by the RLC and MAC-d layer 2 protocols in the RNC
› The resulting MAC-d PDUs are transmitted over Iub to the RBS using the HS-DSCH frame protocol
› MAC-d PDUs are buffered in Priority Queues (PQ)s in the RBS while waiting to be transmitted over the air interface
› The HSDPA Scheduler function selects, in each TTI, the users to which the HS-DSCH is transmitted
› The user data to transmit on the HS-DSCH is put into one of several HARQ processes in the MAC-hs HARQ protocol
› The amount of data to transmit is determined by the TFRC selection algorithm.
› Following processing at layer 1 the data is transmitted to the UE over the air interface.
HSDPA Protocol Stacks
HSDPA Flow Control handles fairness among flows, when TN is a bottleneck
When air-interface (Uu) becomes bottleneck, the HSDPA Scheduler handles fairness, using different scheduling policies
but HSDPA Flow Control needs to adapt the HS bit rate in order to keep the PQs appropriately filled
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RLC SDU
8*40=320 bits
RLC SDU
RLC_h
MAC-hs PayloadMAC_hs h
RLC PDU
L2 - RLC
L2 – MAC_d
RNC
RBS
MAC_d PDU
MAC_d PDU = MAC_hs SDU
n*320 bit Blocks
…
…
…
L2 – MAC_hs
21 bits
L1
Transport Block (MAC-hs PDU, HARQ data block)
CRCTransport Block
mapped onto HS-PDSCH’s
MACd_h MAC_s SDU
MAC_s SDU = RLC + MAC header 16 bits
16 bits
PayloadTCP/IP Header
1460 bytes40 bytes
HSDPA Protocol transfer
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HSDPA Flow Control Overview
GGSN/SGSN
RBS
UE
TCP (ARQ)
TCP server
TCP application
SRNC
Iub
Transport Network
Network
Iub Flow Control Priority Queues FC
Scheduler
MAC-hs HARQ
Iub Flow Control RLC / HS MAC-d MAC-d PQ Flows
Uu
Iu-PS
Transport Network
PDRs (dispatschers)
SDU buffers
Iub Flow Control Data Frames Capacity Allocation User Buffer Size
RLC (AM) / MAC-d (ARQ)
MAC-hs Hybrid ARQ 2 ms TTI
MAC-hs HARQ
HS MAC-d /RLC
RNC Parameter→flowControl: Specifies if Flow Control is activated for this SPI value
RBS Parameter→schHsFlowControlOnOff: Flow control status for each SPI value
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HSDPA FC Main Algorithms
› There is a transfer function which gives pqtCoeff as a function of PQT, specifying when to boost, how much (pqtCoeff>100%) plus when and how much to reduce the CA bitrate (pqtCoeff<100%).
› The pqtCoeff transfer function boosts with max 180% at PQT=0, which gradually goes down to no boosting at PQT = 80 ms. An air-interface congestion is detected (pqtCoeff <100%) when PQT is higher than 120 ms, where the bitrate reduction gradually increases from 0 to 50%. The bitrate reduction is 50% when PQT is 320 ms or longer.
Air-interface congestionAir-interface congestion
› The per-flow Flow Control solution has similarities with how TCP works, having a Slow Start procedure which seeks the maximum bit rate over TN and a Congestion Avoidance state where the bit rate is maintained to be as high as possible while keeping good fairness. However, TCP flow control is window based and HSDPA flow control is Rate based.
› In addition there is an Inactive state which is used before the HS flow starts to send a lot of data. CAs are sent more often in the beginning of a connection, when being in state Inactive. The reason is inter-operation and cell-change performance reasons, that is to minimize transmission gaps between SRNC and RBS.
› Two types of Iub congestions are detected in the RBS: Hard Congestion and Soft Congestion. Hard Congestion causes a larger bit rate reduction (50%) than Soft Congestion (10%). Congestion detection is based on detecting four different congestion indications:
› Soft dynamic delay Congestion Detection (SCD)› Hard Dynamic Delay congestion Detection (DDD) › Destroyed Frame congestion Detection (DFD) › Frame Loss congestion Detection (FLD
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HSDPA Scheduler in RBSQueue Validation
Resource Estimation
Queue Selection
Transport Format Selection
Remaining Resources Check
L1 Processing
Allocated Power and Code
Num Codes,
Modulation
Power
CQI Report, UL QualityData in BufferMin TTI Interval
Impossible to select another UE
Possible to select another UE
Max HS-SCCH PowerAvail Power
Avail Codes
The available resource (code and power) are sequentially assigned to the selected user(s):
-at the beginning of scheduling procedure, all available codes and power resources are offered to the first selected user.
- next user can take only the remaining resources after transport format selection of first user (if there are still remaining resources)
Estimate the amount of power and codes available for HSDPA traffic
Check if it is possible to transmit data to a priority queue
Select which user the system shall transmit in the sub-frame
How Many Users?
How much power and Code?
Which UE to transmit?
What to transmit?
HS-SCCH
Power Control
Code Allocation
CQI Adjustment
Flow Control
peakUuRate
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› For each TTI, there are seven different scheduling factors available to the queue selection algorithm:– f (SchW): There is a scheduling weight factor for each scheduling priority class (from SPI).
The factor for each scheduling priority class is set by schWeight
– f (CQI): Reflects system throughput perspective by prioritizing the user in good radio condition. It considers the transport block size offered to the user by the system, disregarding the buffer fill level.
– f (delay): Control the fairness of scheduling form time resource allocation perspective taking into account the number of sub-frames the PQ is not selected by the scheduler (having data in queue).
– f (Max Delay): The Maximum delay factor reflects the maximum allowed delay in the buffer for a scheduling priority class. The maximum allowed delay is controlled by parameter schMaxDelay for each scheduling priority class.
– f (average rate): Control the fairness of scheduling by giving each user the same offered rate (transport block size offered to the user by the system (regardless buffer fill level)
– f (retransmission): Reflects retransmission delay perspective by prioritizing the user sent NACK
– f (air rate): Control the fairness of scheduling by giving each user the same rate over the air interface. It considers the actual transport block size (number of bits) transmitted. The average air data rate can be calculated using acknowledged data or transmitted data, this is configured by the parameter airRateTypeSelector
› In the queue selection algorithm, these seven factors are weighted and combined into a single value to indicate the priority of the PQ.
› The PQ with the highest priority is allocated the HS-DSCH resource in the TTI.
› How the factors are combined depends on the chosen queue selection algorithm
Validate QueuesWhich queue can
send
Estimate ResourcesAvailable power & code
Select QueueExecute algorithm
more resources ?
yes
no
Transport Format Selection
HSDPA Queue Selection FACTORS
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HSDPA Queue Selection algorithms
› For non-GBR service PQs it is possible to select between six different algorithms, if the optional feature Flexible Scheduler is enabled (flexibleSchedulerOn), using the queueSelectAlgorithm parameter:
› Maximum CQI (quality based)- S= f (SchW ) * f (CQI)* f (retransmission)
› Proportional fair (low/medium/high fairness)
- S= f (SchW ) * f (CQI) * f (average rate) * f (retransmission)
› Round-Robin (time based)- S= f (SchW ) * f (delay) * f (retransmission)
› Equal Rate (data transmitted)- S= f (SchW ) * f (air rate) * f (retransmission)
› For GBR service PQs the maximum delay algorithm is used. This algorithm prioritizes each PQ based on the waiting time of the oldest MAC-d PDU in the buffer
Validate QueuesWhich queue can
send
Estimate ResourcesAvailable power & code
Select QueueExecute algorithm
more resources ?
yes
no
Transport Format Selection
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Transport Format Selection› The purpose of the Transport Format Selection algorithm is to choose the
most suitable HS-DSCH transport format for a selected UE.› Depending on maximum number of HS-PDSCH codes and 16QAM
availability (Cell and UE), the RBS uses tables where quality requirements (RxQual) for all possible supported transport formats are specified
› RxQual: represents the estimated received signal quality in the UE. This variable is calculated using HS-PDSCH transmission power and ChQual
› ChQual: represents a measure of the channel quality on the air interface for the specific UE and is calculated using CQI adjusted and CPICH power
Example: Max HS-DPSCH codes=5, 16QAM , RLC-PDU Size= 336 bits
Validate QueuesWhich queue can
send
Estimate ResourcesAvailable power & code
Select QueueExecute algorithm
more resources ?
yes
no
Transport Format Selection
K= No of Mac-d PDUs
Max MAC-d user data rate
(27x320 bits)/2 ms.= 4.32 Mbps
Transport Format Indication› The UE can determine the Transport Block Size
selected by the RBS for transmission by combining the following information signaled on the HS-SCCH:
› Number of HS-PDSCH codes assigned to the UE on that TTI
› Modulation Scheme (QPSK or 16QAM) used for transmission
› Transport Format Resource Indicator (TFRI)
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CQI – Channel Quality Indicator
dBChQualPevableRxQualAchi
dBPCQIChQual
latestTXPDSCH
TXCPICHadjusted
__
_ )(
UELower layer
UEMAChs
SINR forP-CPICH
Node-BMAC-hs
True CQI
CQIadjusted
TBS, HS Codes and Mod. Scheme
assumedHSP _
TFRCselected
Look-uptable
Look-uptable
Terminal
Ack./Nack.
PHSDPA_TX is affected by:
• Non-HS power utilizations• Number of HS users
P-CPICH S/N is affected by:• Path loss• Interference (e.g., traffic)• Receiver Technique
Node-BLower layer
BS
CQI report estimates the number of bits that can be transmitted to the UE using a certain assumed HS-PDSCH power with a block error rate of 10%, and provides the RBS with a measure of the UE's perceived channel quality and the UE receiver performance.
1
1. UE assumes power of HS-PDSCH: PHS_assumed = PCPICH_RX + hsMeasurementPowerOffset + Δ 2. UE finds the CQI to meet 10% BLER according to assumed power in (1) and current Channel Quality
2
3
3. UE transmits CQI to RBS periodically by cqiFeedbackCycle
4
4. RBS gets Channel Quality by reported CQI from UE
5
5. RxQual Achievable is calculated based on known HS power allocation for the next frame
6
6. RBS decides the transport size, number of codes, modulation schemes from HS-DSCH Scheduler
• hsMeasurementPowerOffset (also called gamma):
– Sent to the UE and RBS via RRC and NBAP.
– Used to offset the CQI in order to utilize the whole CQI range.
• cqiAdjustmentOn
– Turns the CQI adjustment of the UE reported CQI on or off per cell.
– With cqiAdjustmentOn set to TRUE, the RBS processes the ACKs and NACKs received from the UE to determine if the UE is overestimating or underestimating the channel quality. The algorithm strives to achieve a block error rate of 10% for the initial transmissions.
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› HARQ Protocol works with target BLER of 10%
P1 1,1 P2 2,1 P3 3,1 P4 4,1 P5 5,1 P6 6,1 P1 1,2 P2 7,1 P3 8,1 P4 4,2
P1 1,1 P2 2,1 P3 3,1 P4 4,1 P5 5,1 P6 6,1 P1 1,1 P2 7,1 P3 8,1 P4 4,1
P1 1,2 P4 4,2
Px y,z HARQ Process #x, data packet #y, transmission #z
Failed Transmission
ACKs not shown in the figure
Soft Combining in UE
MAC-hs round-trip time = 12 ms
Receiver
Transmission
+ +
NAC
K
NAC
K
HARQ Process
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Hybrid ARQ Strategies– Chase Combining (CC):
› Every retransmission is simply a replica of the coded word employed for the first transmission.
› The decoder at the receiver combines these multiple copies of the transmitted packet weighted by the received SNR prior to decoding.
› Provides time diversity and soft combining gain.› Low complexity cost and less demanding UE memory requirements
– Incremental Redundancy (IR):› Each retransmission may add new redundancy.› Provides coding gain especially for high effective coding rates.› Imposes demanding requirements on the UE memory capabilities
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HSPA UE Categories
HSDPA EUL
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› For QPSK, max 5 codes Transport Block Size Information (TFRI) value
Payload bits
number of MAC-d PDUs
MAC-d PDU size, bits
MAC-d PDU + MAC-hs header, bits
Transport block size, bits
Padding bits
QPSK 1 code
QPSK 2 codes
QPSK 3 codes
QPSK 4 codes
QPSK 5 codes
1x320 1 336 357 365 8 19
2x320 2 336 693 699 6 47 8
3x320 3 336 1029 1036 7 30 7
4x320 4 336 1365 1380 15 46 23 7
5x320 5 336 1701 1711 10 35 19 6
6x320 6 336 2037 2046 9 45 29 16
7x320 7 336 2373 2404 31 54 38 25
8x320 8 336 2709 2726 17 61 45 32
9x320 9 336 3045 3090 45 52
9x320 9 336 3045 3145 100 40
10x320 10 336 3381 3440 59 58 45
11x320 11 336 3717 3830 113 51
12x320 12 336 4053 4115 62 55
13x320 13 336 4389 4420 31 59
Transport Block size
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WCDMA Transmitter QPSK (DL)Single Transport Block of dynamic size from MAC-hs (Pre-coded data
(bits))
Pulse Shaping
Filter
Pulse Shaping
FilterRF Out
Pulse
Shaping Filter
Pulse Shaping
Filter
I/Q Modulator
I/Q Modulator
I
Q
Symbol rate 240ksymb/s Chip rate
3.84Mchip/sModulation
Symbols
I
Q
Data rate
480kbit/s
CRC Coding, Turbo Coding 1/3, Interleaving, Rate Matching
CRC Coding, Turbo Coding 1/3, Interleaving, Rate Matching
Data Channel
1
Channelization Code 1- SF16
I
Q
Modulation Mapping 1:2
Modulation Mapping 1:2
I
Q
scrambling Code 1
Q
I
CRC Coding, Turbo Coding 1/3, Interleaving, Rate Matching
CRC Coding, Turbo Coding 1/3, Interleaving, Rate Matching
Data Channel
1
Channelization Code n - SF16
I
Q
Modulation Mapping 1:2
Modulation Mapping 1:2
I
Q
scrambling Code 1
Q
I
Even symbols to I-branchOdd symbols to Q-branch
Max 15 Channelization Codes (320 bit RLC PDU)Max UserRate per data channel 437.33 kbit/s 437.33 kbit/s X 15 = 6.56 Mbit/s
Max 15 Channelization Codes (640 bit RLC PDU)Max UserRate per data channel 448 kbit/s 448 kbit/s x 15 = 6.72 Mbit/s
Slide title 32 pt
Text 24 pt
Bullets level 2-520 pt
›!"# $%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪīĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™−≤≥fifl
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Single Transport Block of dynamic size from MAC-hs (Pre-coded data
(bits))
Pulse Shaping
Filter
Pulse Shaping
FilterRF Out
Pulse
Shaping Filter
Pulse Shaping
Filter
I/Q Modulator
I/Q Modulator
I
Q
Symbol rate 240ksymb/s Chip rate
3.84Mchip/sModulation
Symbols
I
Q
Data rate
960kbit/s
CRC Coding, Turbo Coding 1/3, Interleaving, Rate Matching
CRC Coding, Turbo Coding 1/3, Interleaving, Rate Matching
Data Channel
1
Channelization Code 1- SF16
I
Q
Modulation Mapping 1:4
Modulation Mapping 1:4
I
Q
scrambling Code 1
Q
I
CRC Coding, Turbo Coding 1/3, Interleaving, Rate Matching
CRC Coding, Turbo Coding 1/3, Interleaving, Rate Matching
Data Channel
1
Channelization Code n - SF16
I
Q
Modulation Mapping 1:4
Modulation Mapping 1:4
I
Q
scrambling Code 1
Q
I
Max 15 Channelization Codes (320 bit RLC PDU)Max UserRate per data channel 885.33 kbit/s 885.33 kbit/s X 15 = 13.28 Mbit/s
Max 15 Channelization Codes (640 bit RLC PDU)Max UserRate per data channel 896 kbit/s 896 kbit/s x 15 = 13.44 Mbit/s
i1q1i2q2 I branch Q branch
0000 0.4472 0.4472
0001 0.4472 1.3416
0010 1.3416 0.4472
0011 1.3416 1.3416
0100 0.4472 -0.4472
0101 0.4472 -1.3416
0110 1.3416 -0.4472
0111 1.3416 -1.3416
1000 -0.4472 0.4472
1001 -0.4472 1.3416
1010 -1.3416 0.4472
1011 -1.3416 1.3416
1100 -0.4472 -0.4472
1101 -0.4472 -1.3416
1110 -1.3416 -0.4472
1111 -1.3416 -1.3416
WCDMA Transmitter 16QAM (DL)
Slide title 32 pt
Text 24 pt
Bullets level 2-520 pt
›!"# $%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪīĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™−≤≥fifl
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Architecture of MAC and Physical Layer for HS-DSCH › There is one MAC-hs entity in the WCDMA RAN
for each cell that supports HS-DSCH transmission
› MAC-hs receive configuration parameters from the RRC layer via the MAC-Control SAP.
› The SRNC establishes one MAC-d entity for each served user.
› The MAC-d entity may perform multiplexing of several logical channels and execute the transport channel switching function
› Transport channel switching is controlled by RRC and requires RRC on a DCCH