WAYNE MADSEN REPORT

2012

WAYNE MADSEN REPORT: SPECIAL

REFERENCE GUIDE FOR OUR MEMBERS POST-ARAB SPRING POLITICAL PARTIES and

movements OF THE NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA

Wayne Madsen Report.com

W W W . W A Y N E M A D S E N R E P O R T . C O M

AFGHANISTAN

Afghan National Liberation Front \AFGHANISTAN\

Afghan National Movement Party (ANMP) \AFGHANISTAN\ left-centre party.

Afghan Peace Front \AFGHANISTAN\

Afghanistan Welfare Party |AFGHANISTAN|

Alliance of Islamic Fighters |AFGHANISTAN| Hazara regionalist group.

Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan \AFGHANISTAN\ Maoist.

Democratic Party of Afghanistan |AFGHANISTAN|

Haqiqat e Afghan Association |AFGHANISTAN| Reformist. Hezbollah e Afghanistan /AFGHANISTAN/ Islamic fundamentalist party. Homeland Party \AFGHANISTAN\ ex-Communist Party. Islamic Afghan Association (Jamaat i Islami) |AFGHANISTAN| moderate Islamic fundamentalist party. Islamic Coalition Council of Afghanistan (ICCA) /AFGHANISTAN/ Shiite fundamentalist coalition consisting of: Afghan Nasr Organisation Guardians of Islamic Jihad of Afghanistan United Islamic Front of Afghanistan Islamic Force of Afghanistan Dawa Party of Islamic Unity of Afghanistan Islamic Movement of Afghanistan Hezbollah Islamic Struggle for Afghanistan Islamic Party (Hizb i Islami) /AFGHANISTAN/ Extreme Islamic fundamentalist party, pro-Iran and Libya. Islamic Party - Khalis (Hizb i Islami - Khalis) |AFGHANISTAN| moderate Sunni Islamic fundamentalist party. Islamic Party of the People of Afghanistan (IPPA) /AFGHANISTAN/ Islamic party. Islamic Society /AFGHANISTAN/ Sunni fundamentalist party. Islamic United Party of Afghanistan /AFGHANISTAN/ Sunni fundamentalist party. Ittehad i Ansarollah /AFGHANISTAN/ Islamic party. Movement for Islamic Revolution /AFGHANISTAN/ National Congress Party (Hezb-e-Congra-e-Mili Afghanistan) |AFGHANISTAN| liberal. National Islamic Front /AFGHANISTAN/ National Islamic Unity Party (Hezb-e-Wahdat-e-Mili Islami) /AFGHANISTAN/ Tribal, anti-Taliban. National Movement of Afghanistan (Hezb-e-Nuhzhat-e-Mili Afghanistan) |AFGHNISTAN| National Rescue Front /AFGHANISTAN/ Islamist. National Solidarity Movement (Hezb-e-Nahzat-e-Hambastagee Mili) /AFGHANISTAN/ Pashtun, pro-monarchy, pro-Hamid Karzai. National Solidarity Party (Hezb-e-Paiwand Mili) |AFGHANISTAN| National Sovereignty Party (Hezb-e-Eqtedar-e-Mili) |AFGHANISTAN| Pashtun Khwa Meli Awami Party \AFGHANISTAN\ Pashtun autonomist party. Pashtoons Social Democratic Party \AFGHANISTAN\ Pashtun rights. Peasants' National Unity (PNU) \AFGHANISTAN\

Pashtoons Social Democratic Party |AFGHANISTAN| People's Party of Afghanistan |AFGHANISTAN| Republic Party of Afghanistan |AFGHANISTAN| Social Democratic Party \Afghanistan\ social democratic, anti-Islamic fundamentalist. Solidarity Movement of the Afghan People |Afghanistan| Taliban /AFGHANISTAN/ Islamist. Toilers' Organisation of Afghanistan (TOA) \Afghanistan\ left-wing party. Toilers' Revolutionary Organisation of Afghanistan (TROA) \Afghanistan\ left-wing party. Unit Party |AFGHNISTAN| Afghan exiles' party. Youth Solidarity Party of Afghanistan |AFGHANISTAN|

ALGERIA

Ahd-54 \ALGERIA\ Human rights party.

Algerian Movement for Justice and Development (MAJD) \ALGERIA\ left-of-centre

reformist party.

Algerian People's Party (PPA) /ALGERIA/ Islamic party favoring the institution of the sharia

law.

Algerian Rally /ALGERIA/ Minor party.

Algerian Renewal Party (PRA) |ALGERIA| moderate Islamic party, favors an end to state

capitalism and interventionism.

Arab Socialist Baath Party \ALGERIA\ pan-Arab socialist.

Avant-Garde Socialist Party (PAGS) \ALGERIA\ left-wing communist party.

Centrist and Democratic Alliance (ACD) |ALGERIA| social democratic centre alliance

consisting of:

Association of People for Unity and Action (APUA)

National Front of Renewal (FNR)

National Party for Solidarity and Development (PNSD)

Social Democratic Party (PSD)

Social Liberal Party (PSL)

Democratic and Social Movement \ALGERIA\ pro-communist.

Democratic Islamic Arab United Party (PUAID) /ALGERIA/ favors a pan-Arab Islamic state.

El-Infitah Movement /ALGERIA/ minor party.

El Oumma (The Community) /ALGERIA/ Islamic fundamentalist party. Ennahdah /ALGERIA/ fundamentalist Islamic group. Hamas Party |ALGERIA| moderate Islamic party, favors gradual establishment of an Islamic nation and respect for individual liberties. Hezbollah /ALGERIA/ Islamic fundamentalist party. Hizb ut Tahrir /ALGERIA/ Pan-Islamic. Caliphate restoration. Islah |ALGERIA| Moderate Islamist. Islamic Arab Rally (RAI) /ALGERIA/ favors establishment of Arabic as the only state language. Islamic Renaissance Movement |ALGERIA| moderate Islamist. Islamic Resistance Movement –Ennahda |ALGERIA| moderate Islamic party. Islamic Welfare Front (FIS) /ALGERIA/ Islamic fundamentalist party. Movement for Democracy in Algeria (MDA) \ALGERIA\ moderate democratic socialist, followers of ex-President Ben Bella.

Movement for the Society of Peace /ALGERIA/ Islamist. Muslim Brotherhood affiliate. Movement for Youth and Democracy |ALGERIA| Movement of National Understanding /ALGERIA/ minor party. National Democratic Front /ALGERIA/ Minor party. National Front of Independents for Understanding |ALGERIA| minor party. National Movement of Hope |ALGERIA| Minor party. National Liberation Front (FLN) \ALGERIA\ moderate left-wing socialist party. National Movement for Nature and Democracy \ALGERIA\ Green party. National Party for Solidarity and Development /ALGERIA/ minor party. National Rally for Democracy |ALGERIA| Government status quo party. National Republican Alliance \ALGERIA\ Anti-Islamist. Natural Law Party |ALGERIA| Maharishi Yogi adherents. Party for Popular Unity (PUD) \ALGERIA\ Islamic western Algeria regionalist party. Party of Algerian Renewal /ALGERIA/ Party of Islamic and Democratic Arab Unity (PUAID) /ALGERIA/ Islamic fundamentalist favoring an Islamic community from the Gulf to the Atlantic Ocean under Sharia law. Progressive Democratic Party (PDR) |Algeria| Progressive Republican Party (PRD) |Algeria| Minor party. Rally for Culture and Democracy (RCD) |Algeria| secular Berber minority rights party, favors Berber language rights. Republican Patriotic Rally /Algeria/ Minor party. Social Democratic Party (PSD) |ALGERIA| centrist party, favors private enterprise. Socialist Forces Front (FFS) |Algeria| favors Berber regional autonomy, mixed economy and Berber language rights. Socialist Vanguard Party (PAGS) /Algeria/ conservative, pro-FLN party, formerly communist party. Socialist Worker's Party (PST) \Algeria\ Trotskyite left-wing party. Union of Democratic Forces (UFD) |Algeria| Wafaa Party /ALGERIA/ banned.

AZAOUAD

United Front for the Defense of Azaouad (FUDA) |AZAOUAD| Tuareg autonomist coalition consisting of: Popular Movement of Azaouad (MPA) Tuareg autonomist party. Air and Azaouad Liberation Front (FLAA) Arab Islamic Front of Azaouad (FLAA) Tuareg Islamic fundamentalist party. Popular Front for the Liberation of Azaouad (FPLA) Revolutionary Army for the Liberation of Azaouad (ARLA)

BAHRAIN

Al Asalah /BAHRAIN/ Salafist. Pro-monarchy.

Al Meethaq |BAHRAIN| Centrist, pro-monarchy.

Al Menbar National Islamic Society /BAHRAIN/ Islamist, Muslim Brotherhood affiliate.

Pro-monarchy.

Al Wafa Islamic Party /BAHRAIN/ Islamist.

Al Wefaq /BAHRAIN/ Shi’a party.

Bahrain Freedom Movement |BAHRAIN| Anti-monarchy. Based in London.

Bahrain National Liberation Front (BNLF) /BAHRAIN/ Shiite Muslim fundamentalist party.

Economists Bloc |BAHRAIN| Liberal centrist. Pro-monarchy.

Da'wah (Islamic Call) \BAHRAIN\ left-wing pro-Iraqi party.

Haq Movement |BAHRAIN| Secular, nationalist.

Hezbollah /BAHRAIN/ Shi'ite Islamic fundamentalist pro-Iranian party. Islamic Action Party /BAHRAIN/ Shi'a party. Khalas Movement |BAHRAIN| The National Justice Movement /BAHRAIN/ Nationalist. Pro-monarchy.

EGYPT

Al Ad |EGYPT| Centrist.

Al Nour Party /EGYPT/ Right-wing.

April 6 Youth Movement \EGYPT\ Left-wing

Arab Democratic Nasserite Party \EGYPT'\Left-wing.

Centre Party |EGYPT| Islamic moderate.

Building and Development Party /EGYPT/ right-wing.

Coalition of Socialist Forces \EGYPT\ Far-left.

Coalition of the Youth of the Revolution /EGYPT/ Left-wing.

Conservative Party /EGYPT/ Right-wing.

Coptic Societies in the Near East |EGYPT| Coptic nationalist group.

Democratic Front Party |EGYPT| Liberal.

Democratic Front Party |EGYPT| Liberal.

Democratic Generation Party |EGYPT| Liberal.

Democratic Unionist Party |EGYPT| Liberal.

Dignity Party \EGYPT\ Leftist.

Egypt 2000 Party \EGYPT\ Leftist.

Egyptian Arab Union Party |EGYPT| centrist.

Egypt Unity Democratic Paryt |EGYPT| centrist.

Egypt Youth Party |EGYPT| Liberal.

Egyptian Arab Socialist Party \EGYPT\ Leftist.

Egyptian Communist Party \EGYPT\ Far-left.

Egyptian Current Party |Egypt| moderate.

Egyptian Liberal Party |EGYPT| Liberal.

Egyptian Social Democratic Party |EGYPT| Liberal.

Enough \EGYPT\ Left-wing.

Free Egyptians Party /EGYPT/ right-wing.

Free Republican Party |EGYPT| Liberal.

Free Social Constitutional Party |EGYPT| Liberal.

Freedom and Justice Party /EGYPT/ Right-wing.

Freedom Egypt Party |EGYPT| Liberal.

Ghad El-Thawra Party |EGYPT|liberal-center.

Green Party of Egypt |EGYPT| Liberal. Ikhwan (Brotherhood) /EGYPT/ Islamic fundamentalist party. Jamaat al Shawkiyin /EGYPT/ radical Islanic party seeking establishment of an Islamic state in Egypt. Jihad /EGYPT/ Islamist radical party. Justice Party |EGYPT| Centrist. Liberal Egyptian Party |EGYPT| Liberal. Liberal Party |EGYPT| Liberal. National Conciliation Party \EGYPT\ Left-wing. National Democratic Party |EGYPT| moderate socialist former government party. Defunct. National Progressive Unionist Party \EGYPT\ left-wing party. Nation’s Party \EGYPT\ Left-wing. New Wafd party |EGYPT| liberal party. Party of Liberation /EGYPT/ Right-wing. People’s Democratic Party |EGYPT| Liberal. Popular Socialist Alliance Party \EGYPT\ Far-left. Reform and Development Party /EGYPT/ right-wing. Revolutionary Socialists \EGYPT\ Far-left. Salafeen /EGYPT/ Islamic radical party. Social Justice Party \EGYPT\ Left-wing. Socialist Labour Party \Egypt\ moderate- left pro-democracy party. Socialist Party of Egypt \EGYPT\ Far-left. Society of the Muslim Brotherhood /EGYPT/ Right-wing. Solidarity Party /EGYPT/ Right-wing. Tomorrow Party |EGYPT| Liberal. Umma (National) Party /Egypt/ Islamic fundamentalist party. Worker’s Democratic Party \EGYPT\ Left-wing. Young Egypt Party \Egypt\ Left-wing.

IRAN

Arab Liberation Front of Ahwaz |IRAN| Kuzestan Arab autonomist party.

Azadegan (Freedom Fighters) /IRAN/ monarchist party, banned.

Baluchistan People's Democratic Organisation (BPDO) |IRAN| Baluchi nationalist group.

Baluch Pesh Merga \IRAN\ Baluch nationalist group.

Communist Party of Iran (Tudeh) \IRAN\ independent left-wing Marxist-Leninist party.

Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan |IRAN| Kurdish autonomist party.

Fedayin-e-Khalq (People's Strugglers) \IRAN\ left-wing Marxist group. Hezb e Kumelah (Party of Toilers) \IRAN\ Kurdistan autonomist party. Iranian People's Democratic Party \IRAN\ moderate left-wing ex-Tudeh (Communist) party members. Islamic Republican Party /IRAN/ Islamic fundamentalist governing party. Komala \IRAN\ Marxist-Leninist Kurdish wing of the Communist Party of Iran. Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran (KDDI) \IRAN\ Kurdish autonomist party. Liberation Movement of Iran |IRAN| Islamic pro-democracy and human rights party.

Mujahidin-e-Khalq (People's Warriors) (MEK) /IRAN/ former left-wing Islamic guerilla group. Morphed into an asset of Israel and the United States. Muslim People's Republican Party |IRAN| Azeri-based moderate Islamic party favoring a secular government in an Islamic Republic. National Council of Resistance \IRAN\ anti-fundamentalist party. National Democratic Front \IRAN\ pro-democracy group. National Front \IRAN\ nationalist Mossadeqist group. National Liberation Movement of Iran |IRAN| moderate party of former Prime Minister Bazargan. National Movement of Iranian Resistance |IRAN| anti-monarchist and republican democracy party. National Resistance Council for Liberty and Independence |IRAN| pro-democracy group. Organisation Struggling for the Freedom of the Working Class \IRAN\ left-wing, Marxist-Leninist party. Pan Iranist Party /IRAN/ extreme right-wing, favors a Greater Persia. Socialist Workers' Party (HKS) \Iran\ Trotskyite left-wing party. Tudeh Party \Iran\ former communist party. Likely defunct. Vahdat Baluch (United Baluch) |Iran| Baluch nationalist group. Workers' Unity Party (HUK) \Iran\ favors autonomy for Kurds, Turkomans and Balochis.

IRAQ

Al Neshor Party |IRAQ|

Arab Baath Socialist Party \IRAQ\ breakaway Baath opposition to Sadaam Hussein. May be

defunct.

Assembly of Independent Democrats |IRAQ| Sunni, moderate.

Assyrian Democratic Movement |IRAQ| Assyrian nationalist.

Assyria Liberation Party |IRAQ| Favors an independent Assyria.

Constitutional Monarchy Movement /IRAQ/ Hashemite kingdom restoration.

Democratic Gathering \IRAQ\ pro-democracy, anti-Sadaam Hussein group. May be defunct.

Democratic Party of the Iranian People \IRAN\ left-wing, breakaway from Tudeh.

Forqan /IRAN/ far-right Islamic fundamentalist group, opposed to political involvement of

Islam.

Green Party |IRAQ| liberal. Hizb ut Tahrir /IRAQ/ Islalmist, caliphate restoration. Holy Warriors (Al Mujahidin) /IRAQ/ pro-Iranian guerilla group. Iraqi Democratic Union |IRAQ| Iraqi National Accord |IRAQ| Sunni party. Backed by CIA and MI-6 during action against Saddam Hussein. Imam Soldiers /IRAQ/ Shi'ite fundamentalist group. Iraqi Communist Party \IRAQ\ Moderate communist. Iraqi Islamic Party /IRAQ/ Sunni party. Iraqi Socialist Party \IRAQ\ left-wing secular party. Iraqi Turkmen Front /IRAQ/ Turkmen nationalist. Islamic Action Organisation /IRAQ/ Shi'ite fundamentalist group.

Islamic Alliance /IRAQ/ Sunni Muslim party, based in Saudi Arabia. National Democratic Party \IRAQ\ Islamic Labor Movement in Iraq \IRAQ\

Islamic Movement of Iraq /IRAQ/ Shi'ite fundamentalist party. Left Worker-communist Party of Iraq \IRAQ\ Marxist. Movement of the Iraqi Mujahidin /IRAQ/ Shi'ite fundamentalist group. National Independent Cadres and Elites (NICE) /IRAQ/ Shi'ite, Sadrist. Nation Party \IRAQ\ anti-Sadaam Hussein pro-democracy party. May be defunct. National Iraqi Alliance /IRAQ/ Shi'a-dominated coalition. Supreme Islamic Iraqi Council /IRAQ/ (al-Majlis

al-alalith-thaural-islamiyya fil-Iraq) Sadrist Movement /IRAQ/ Sadrist party. Islamic Dawa Party - Iraq Organisation (Hizb al-Da'wa al-Islami Tendeem al-

Iraq) /IRAQ/ Islamic Dawa Party (Hizb al-Da'wa al-Islamiyya) /IRAQ/ Tribes of Iraq Coalition /IRAQ/ Islamic Fayli Grouping in Iraq /IRAQ/ National Progressive Front \IRAQ\ former and now banned left-wing Iraqi nationalist alliance of Sadaam Hussein consisting of: Arab Baath Socialist Party Kurdistan Democratic Party Kurdistan Revolutionary Party Popular Unity Party \IRAQ\ former Communists. Reconciliation and Liberation Bloc \IRAQ\ Former Baathists. The Iraqis /IRAQ/ Sunni, tribal-based. The Upholders of the Message /IRAQ/ Islamists, Sadrist. Turkmen People's Party |IRAQ| Turkmen autonomist. Umma (Nation) Party /Iraq/ Islamic fundamentalist party. Voice of Islam /Iraq/ Shi'ite fundamentalist group. Worker-Communist Party of Iraq \IRAQ\ Marxist. Yazidi Movement for Reform and Progress |IRAQ| Yazidi rights party.

ISRAEL

Agudath Israel /ISRAEL/right-wing, Orthodox Jewish party.

Agudat Israel World Organisation (AIWO) /ISRAEL/ right-wing, Orthodox Jewish party.

Ahrayut |ISRAEL| favors adoption of a constitution.

Ale Yarok \ISRAEL\ favors legalization of cannabis.

Balad \ISRAEL\ Center-left, Arab.

Brit Olam \ISRAEL\ Jewish-Arab secularist. Pro-separation of religion and state.

Council for Peace and Security \ISRAEL\ left-of-centre, peace party.

Degel Hatora /ISRAEL/ Western Orthodox Jewish party, right-wing.

Democratic Front for Peace and Equality (Hadash) \ISRAEL\ left-wing, formerly

Communists.

Gil /ISRAEL/ Pensioner's party.

Green Movement - Meimad \ISRAEL\ left-wing Zionist.

Gush Emunim /ISRAEL/ right-wing Jewish party, favors expansion of settlements on West

Bank.

Hadash \ISRAEL\ left-wing Marxist-Leninist party, communist. HaYisraelim |ISRAEL| pro-electorial reform. Holocaust Survivors & Grown-Up Green Leaf Party /ISRAEL/ Independence Party /ISRAEL/ center-right. Led by Ehud Barak. Israel Labour Party \ISRAEL\ social democratic party. Likud /ISRAEL/ Right-wing. Kadima |ISRAEL| Centrist. Kahane Chai /ISRAEL/ Extreme right-wing, favors establishment of a Torah state. Koah HaKesef (The Party for the War against Banks) \ISRAEL\ anti-banks party. Koah LeHashpi'a \ISRAEL\ Disabled persons rights party. Lazuz \ISRAEL\ Anti-public corruption party. Leader /ISRAEL/ Affiliated with Liberal Democratic Party of Russia. Right-wing. Lehem \ISRAEL\ Anti-corruption party. Lev LaOlim |ISRAEL| Bukharan and Caucasus Jewish party. Favors peace with Palestinians. Man's Rights in the Family Party |ISRAEL| Fathers' child custody rights party. Meretz (Vitality) \ISRAEL\ centre-left party favoring self-determination for Palestinians, civil rights and separation of religion and state. Moledet (Homeland) /ISRAEL/ extreme right-wing nationalist, favors expulsion of West Bank Palestinians. Movement for the Advancement of the Zionist Idea (MAZI) /ISRAEL/ conservative party, break-away from Likud. National Movement for Democracy and Aliya (DA) /ISRAEL/ special interest party of ex-Soviet immigrants. National Religious Party (NRP) /ISRAEL/ right-of-centre, Jewish traditionalist party. National Union /ISRAEL/ right-wing, nationalist. Moledet Hatikva Eretz Yisrael Shelanu Tkuma New Liberal Party |ISRAEL| centrist-liberal party. Or \ISRAEL\ secularist, separation of religion and state. Organisation for Democratic Action \ISRAEL\ Former Arab Communists. Poale Agudat Israel \ISRAEL\ left-of-centre, working class Orthodox Jewish party. Political Zionist Organisation (Ometz) /ISRAEL/ Progressive List for Peace |Israel| Jewish/Arab party, favors creation of a Palestinian state. Ratz (Civil Rights and Peace Movement) \ISRAEL\ left-of-centre, civil rights party. Religious Zionism Party (Matzad) /Israel/ right-of-centre, Zionist party. Shas (Sephardic Torah Guardians) /Israel/ ultra-Orthodox Jewish party. Does not favor a Jewish state. Tehiya - Zionist Revival Movement /Israel/ Extreme right-wing, favors sovereignty of Israel over Judea, Samaria and Gaza. The Greens \ISRAEL\ environmentalist. Tzomet Party /Israel/ Right-wing nationalist party. United Arab List (Ta'al) \Israel\ left-of-centre, Arab workers' party.

United Torah Judaism /Israel/ ultra-orthodox Jewish party. United Workers' Party (Mapam) \Israel\ left-wing social democratic/Zionist party, Member of Socialist International. Whole Nation /ISRAEL/ Haredi party. Yisrael Beiteinu /ISRAEL/ Zionist, nationalist. Yisrael Hazaka /ISRAEL/ Nationalist. Yisrael HaMithadeshet /ISRAEL/ Jewish immigrants' party.

JORDAN

Al Ahrar Party |JORDAN|

Al Hayat Jordanian Party |JORDAN|

Al Mustaqbal Party |JORDAN|

Al Rafah Party |JORDAN|

Al-Umma Party |JORDAN|

Arab Jordanian al Ansar Party |JORDAN|

Arab Land Party |JORDAN|

Arab Nationalist Movement \JORDAN\ left-wing Marxist.

Arab Progressive Baath Party \JORDAN\ Pan-Arab socialist.

Arab Islamic Democratic Movement |JORDAN|

Communist Party of Jordan (CPJ) \JORDAN\ Marxist-Leninist, left-wing.

Direct Democratic Nationalistic Movement Party |JORDAN|

Freedom and Equality Party |JORDAN|

Future Party \JORDAN\ Islamic Action Front /JORDAN/ Islamic fundamentalist party. Muslim Brotherhood-linked. Islamic Liberation Party /JORDAN/ Islamic fundamentalist, terrorist party. Jordan Arab Nationalist Movement (JANDA) \JORDAN\ Marxist, Arab nationalist, pro-democratic and anti-Islamic. Jordanian Arab Party |JORDAN| Jordanian Arab Constitutional Front Party |JORDAN|

Jordanian Arab Socialist Baath Party \JORDAN\ left-wing Arab nationalist party. Jordanian Communist Party \JORDAN\ left-wing Marxist-Leninist party. Jordanian Labor Party \JORDAN\ Jordanian Left Democratic Party \JORDAN\ Left-wing. Jordanian National Party \JORDAN\ Jordan Peace Party |JORDAN| Jordanian People's Democratic Party (JPDP) \JORDAN\ left-wing party, Jordanian branch of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine. Jordanian Popular Democratic Unity Party (JPDUP) \JORDAN\ left-wing, supports Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). Jordan United Front Party |JORDAN| Justice and Development Party |JORDAN| Muslim Brotherhood /JORDAN/ Islamic fundamentalist party. Muslim Center Party |JORDAN| Islamist democratic centrist. National Constitutional Party |JORDAN| National Current Party |JORDAN|

National Democratic Public Movement Party |JORDAN| Progressive Party \JORDAN\ Risalah Party |JORDAN| Union of Democratic Unity (UDU) |Jordan| Christian party, moderate

KURDISTAN (IRAQ)

Democratic Patriotic Alliance of Kurdistan \KURDISTAN-IRAQ\ Kurdistan Democratic Party (Partiya Demokrat a Kurdistanê) |KURDISTAN-IRAQ| Barzani faction. Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (Yaketi Nishtimani Kurdistan) \KURDISTAN-IRAQ\ Talabani faction. Kurdistan Islamic Union (Yekîtiya Islamiya Kurdistan) /KURDISTAN-IRAQ/ Movement for Change (Bizutnaway Gorran) |KURDISTAN-IRAQ| Kurdistan Toilers’ Party (Parti Zahmatkeshan Kurdistan) \KURDISTAN-IRAQ\ Kurdistan Communist Party (Partiya Komunîst Kurdistan) \KURDISTAN-IRAQ\

Assyrian Patriotic Party |KURDISTAN-IRAQ| Islamic Group in Kurdistan /KURDISTAN-IRAQ\ Islamist. Kurdistan Conservative Party /KURDISTAN-IRAQ/

Kurdish Hezbollah /KURDISTAN-IRAQ/ Kurdish Shi'ite fundamentalist party. Kurdish National Association \KURDISTAN-IRAQ\ Christian Kurdistan coalition consisting of: Assyrian Democratic Movement Christian Union Kurdistan People's Democratic Party (KPDP) \KURDISTAN-IRAQ\ Kurdish autonomist party. Kurdistan People's Party (KPP) \KURDISTAN-IRAQ\ Kurdish left-wing Marxist party. Kurdistan Socialist Party (KSP) \KURDISTAN-IRAQ\ Kurdish left-wing party. United Socialist Party of Kurdistan (USPK) \KURDISTAN-IRAQ\ left-wing Kurdish autonomist party.

KUWAIT

Constitutional Alliance /KUWAIT/ conservative merchant party.

Democratic Forum \KUWAIT\ Arab nationalist, left-wing party.

Hizb ut-Tahrir /KUWAIT/ Islamist, restoration of caliphate.

Islamic Salafi Alliance /KUWAIT/ Islamist pro-sharia law.

Islamic Constitutional Movement (Hadas) /KUWAIT/ Sunni Muslim party, affiliated with Muslim Brotherhood. Islamic Social Reform Society /KUWAIT/ Islamic fundamentalist party. Justice and Peace Alliance |KUWAIT| Shi'a moderate. Kuwaiti Baath Party \KUWAIT\ Pan-Arab socialist. Status undetermined. Kuwait Democratic Forum (KDF) \KUWAIT\ Moderate secularist party.

National Democratic Alliance |KUWAIT| liberal. National Islamic Alliance /KUWAIT/ Shia Muslim party. Links to Iran and Hezbollah. Popular Action Bloc |KUWAIT| centrist populist. Popular Islamic Congress /KUWAIT/ Sunni Muslim party. Salafeen /KUWAIT/ Islamic fundamentalist party.

LEBANON

Al Baath \LEBANON\ Arab nationalist, left-wing secular, pro-Arab union party.

Al Baath \LEBANON\ Arab nationalist, pro-Iraqi wing. Defunct.

Al-Harakiyines al Arab \LEBANON\ left-wing Marxist Arab nationalist party.

Al-Hayat al Wataniya \LEBANON\

Amal \LEBANON\ Shiite Muslim group.

An-Nida Al Kawmi \LEBANON\

Arab Democratic Party \LEBANON\ Alawite minority party, pro-Syrian.

Aramean Democratic Organisation |LEBANON| Aramean rights.

Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) \LEBANON\ left-wing socialist party, represents

Armenian minority.

Arab Socialist Party \LEBANON\ socialist.

Cedars Movement |LEBANON| secularist.

Civil Society Movement |LEBANON| secularist.

Constitutional Party (Ad-Dustur) /LEBANON/ Maronite conservative party, represents the

political and business elite.

Democratic Labor Party \LEBANON\ Communist.

Democratic Party /LEBANON/ secular democratic, conservative, pro-private enterprise.

Democratic Secular Party |LEBANON| Secularist.

Democratic Socialist Party \LEBANON\ Shi'a socialist.

Free Alternative \LEBANON\ Anarchist.

Green Party of Lebanon \LEBANON\ environmental.

Guardians of the Cedars /LEBANON/ Far-right Christian. Hezbollah /LEBANON/ militant Shi'ite Muslim fundamentalist, pro-Iranian group. Islamic Amal /LEBANON/ Shiite Muslim group based in Bekaa Valley. Banned. Islamic Gathering Movement /LEBANON/ Sunni Islamist. Islamic Jihad Movement /LEBANON/ Sunni Islamic fundamentalist. Justice and Development Movement |LEBANON| Secularist. Kurdish Democratic Party |LEBANON| Kurdish rights. Lebanese Arab Movement \LEBANON\ Sunni Nasserite. Lebanese Communist Party \LEBANON\ Marxist-Leninist left-wing party. Lebanese Democratic Movement \LEBANON\ Social democratic. Lebanese Ecology Party \LEBANON\ environmentalist. Lebanese Movement |LEBANON| Lebanese National League \LEBANON\ Left-wing. Lebanese Option Gathering |LEBANON| Liberal. Lebanese People's Front \LEBANON\

Lebanese Phalangist Party |LEBANON| social democratic Maronite nationalist party. Lebanese Resistance Brigades /LEBANON/ affiliate of Hezbollah. Lebanese Secular Movement |LEBANON| secularist. Leftist Assembly for Change \LEBANON\ Trotskyite. Liberal National Party (PNL) /LEBANON/ centre-right party, merged with Phalangist Party. Liberation Party /LEBANON/ Islamist. Liberty Front /LEBANON/ center-right Christian. March 8 Alliance \LEBANON\ Free Patriotic Movement \LEBANON\ Michel Aoun Christian bloc. Amal Movement \LEBANON\ Shi'a movement. Hezbollah \LEBANON\ Shi'a movement. Progressive Socialist Movement \LEBANON\ Druze movement. Walid Jumblatt

party. El Marada \LEBANON\ Marionite Franjiest movement. Glory Movement \LEBANON\

Syrian Social National Party /LEBANON/ Right-wing nationalist. Favors Greater Syria comprising Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Jordan, the Palestinian Territories, Israel, Cyprus, Kuwait, Sinai, southeastern Turkey and southwestern Iran.

Lebanese Democratic Party /LEBANON/ Conservative Druze party. Arab Socialist Baath Party \LEBANON\ Pan-Arab socialist. Armenian Revolutionary Federation \LEBANON\ Armenian rights party. Solidarity Party \LEBANON\ Islamic Action Front /LEBANON/ Muslim Brotherhood affiliate. Popular Bloc \LEBANON\ Maronite bloc. Lebanese Republican Party |LEBANON| Liberal. Christian Democratic Party /LEBANON/ right-wing. Popular Nasserite Organization \LEBANON\ Sunni pan-Arab socialist. Lebanese Communist Party \LEBANON\ Marxist-Leninist Arab Liberation Party \LEBANON\ Sunni party. Movement of Independent Nasserites - al-Murabitoun \LEBANON\ Shi'a and

Druze Arab socialist. Worker's League \LEBANON\ Communist. People's Movement \LEBANON\ Nasserite, socialist, secular. Nasserite Unification Movement \LEBANON\ Nasserite socialist. Islamic Labor Front /LEBANON/ Islamist. Lebanese Unification Movement /LEBANON/ Druze Arab nationalist. Lebanses Popular Congress \LEBANON\ Nasserite, Sunni. Arab Democratic Party \LEBANON\ Alawite rights. Promise Party |LEBANON| Secular Maronite. Islamic Charitable Projects Association |LEBANON| Sunni party. Federation of Popular Leagues and Committees \LEBANON\ Nasserite, Arab socialist. Socialist Arab Union \LEBANON\ Secular socialist. Union Party \LEBANON\ Sunni Nasserite. Union of Muslim Ulama /LEBANON/ Islamist. Democratic Nasserite Movement \LEBANON\ Sunni Nasserite. Lebanese Arab Struggle Movement /LEBANON/ Druze Arab nationalist.

Alawite Youth Movement |LEBANON| Alawite rights. Lebanese Democratic Youth Union \LEBANON\ Communist. Islamic Unification Movement /LEBANON/ Sunni Islamist. Akkar Popular Assembly /LEBANON/ Sunni party. National Youth Party |LEBANON| Secular. March 14 Alliance /LEBANON/ Future Movement /LEBANON/ Sunni party led by Saad Hariri. Lebanese Forces /LEBANON/ Right-wing, pro-Israeli, led by Sami Geagea. Lebanese Social Democratic Party or Kataeb /LEBABNON/ Maronite, led by Amin

Gemayel. Social Democrat Hunchakian Party \LEBANON\ Armenian socialist party. National Liberal Party /LEBANON/ Maronite. Chamounist. Democratic Left \LEBANON\ Secular leftist. Islamic Group /LEBANON/ Islamist. Armenian Democratic Liberal Party - Ramgavar |LEBANON| Liberal. Independence Movement /LEBANON/ Maronite nationalist. Democratic Renewal |LEBANON| Secular reformist. Lebanese National Bloc /LEBANON/ Maronite nationalist. Free Lebanese Armenian Movement |LEBANON| Armenian liberal. Free Shiite Movement /LEBANON/ Shi'a Islamist. Lebanese Peace Party |LEBANON| Liberal. secular. Muahedeen Group |LEBANON| Druze. Syriac Union Party |LEBANON| Syriac Christian. Shuraya Party |LEBANON| Assyrian party. Movement of National Action \LEBANON\ Najjadeh Party /LEBANON/ Sunni Arab nationalist. Nasserite Nationalist Organisation \LEBANON\ Nasserite pan-Arab socialist. National Dialogue Party /LEBANON/ Sunni conservative. National Bloc /LEBANON/ right-wing Maronite party. National Labor Movement \LEBANON\ Communist. National Party |LEBANON| Secularist. National Progressive Movement |LEBANON| Christian secular. National Socialist Party (PSN) \LEBANON\ pro-Syrian party, advocates a Greater Syria that includes Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Jordan, Palestine and Cyprus. New Lebanese Movement |LEBANON| Secularist. Party of Socialist Revolution \LEBANON\ Maoist. Popular Democratic Party |LEBANON| Secularist. Organization of Communist Action \LEBANON\ Communist. Orthodox Party |LEBANON| Greek Orthodix party. Phoenician Party /LEBANON/ Phoenician nationalist. Popular Liberation Army /LEBANON/ south Lebanon Sunni Muslim group. Progressive Socialist Party (PSP) \Lebanon\ moderate left-wing socialist Druze minority party. Razkari Party |LEBANON| Kurdish rights. Regressive Isolationist Party |LEBANON| Republican Reform Party |LEBANON| Liberal secularist. Revolutionary Communist Group \LEBANON\ Trotskyite. Revolutionary Socialist Party (PSR) \Lebanon\

Southern Christian Assembly /LEBANON/ Christian conservative. Tawheed Islami |Lebanon| Sunni Muslim party. The Helpers (An-Najjade) \Lebanon\ socialist Arab unionist party. The Independents |LEBANON| Secularist. The Reformist Movement in the Progressive Socialist Party \LEBANON\ socialist. The United Phoenician Party /LEBANON/ Phoenician nationalist. Universal Party \LEBANON\ Communist. Wa'ad Party |Lebanon|

LIBYA

Alhaq and Democracy Party of Benghazi /LIBYA/

Democratic National Alliance |LIBYA|

Democratic Party of Libya |LIBYA| Rebel front party.

Democratic Youth Party |LIBYA|

Freedom and Development Party of Libya |LIBYA|

General People's Congress \LIBYA\ left-wing socialist party of former leader Colonel

Qaddafi. Defunct. Jesh al Inkadh (Army of Salvation) /LIBYA/ anti-Qaddafi guerillas, once-based at the CIA base, Camp Peary, Virginia, USA. Justice and Democracy Party of Libya |LIBYA| Libya Development Party |LIBYA| Libya for All Party |LIBYA| Libya Future Party |LIBYA| Libya Homeland Political Party |LIBYA| Libya Our Home and Tribe Party |LIBYA| Libyan Baathist Party \LIBYA\ left-wing socialist party. Libyan Center Party |LIBYA|

Libyan Democratic Movement |LIBYA| pro-democracy party. Libyan Liberation Party |LIBYA| Libyan National Association \LIBYA\ Libyan National Congress Party (NCP) |LIBYA| Libyan National Democratic Assemblage |LIBYA|

Libyan National Democratic Front |LIBYA| pro-democracy opposition. Libyan National Democratic Party for Justice and Development |LIBYA|

Libyan National Liberation Army /LIBYA/ affiliated with the Libyan Royalist Government-in-exile, headed by Crown Prince Idris al-Sanussi. Libyan Universal Party |LIBYA|

National Democratic Assembly |LIBYA| National Democratic Assembly for Justice and Progress |LIBYA| National Front for the Salvation of Libya (NFSL) /LIBYA/ pro-democracy group that was anti-Qaddafi. National Gathering for Freedom, Justice and Development /LIBYA/ Islamist, Muslim Brotherhood. National Solidarity Party |LIBYA|

National Transitional Council /LIBYA/ Rebel coalition. National Unity of Libya Party |LIBYA| New Libya Party |LIBYA| New National Congress Party |LIBYA| Party of Reform and Development (PRD) /LIBYA/ Islamiost, Muslim Britherhood. Tawasul Party |LIBYA| The Libyan National Party |LIBYA| The Patriotic Reform Party |LIBYA| Wefaq Party |LIBYA| Umma Party /LIBYA/ Islamist. Unity Movement |LIBYA|

MAURITANIA

Democratic and Social Republican Party (PRDS) |MAURITANIA| Moderate.

Democratic and Social Union \MAURITANIA\

Democratic Centre Party (PCD) |MAURITANIA| centrist party.

Democratic Justice Party (DJP) |MAURITANIA| pro-democracy party.

Forces de liberation africaine de Mauritanie (African Liberation Force of Mauritania) (FLAM)

\MAURITANIA\ represents Black African Moors. National Party for Unity and Democracy /MAURITANIA/ centre-right party. Rally for Democracy and National Unity (RDUN) |Mauritania| Socialist and Democratic Popular Union (UPSD) |Mauritania| Ummah Party /Mauritania/ Islamic fundamentalist party. Union of Democratic Forces-New Era (UFD-EN) \Mauritania\ Followers of ex-President Daddah.

MOROCCO

Annahj Addimocrati \MOROCCO\ Marxist-Leninist.

Centre Social Party |MOROCCO| centrist-socialist.

Citizens' Forces |MOROCCO|

Constitutional and Democratic Popular Movement (MPCD) |MOROCCO| broke from MP.

Constitutional Union (UC) |MOROCCO| moderate, royalist.

Democratic Action and Popular Organization \MOROCCO\ left-of-centre party.

Democratic Bloc (BD) \MOROCCO\ progressive left-wing party.

Democratic Party for Independence \MOROCCO\ Il al-Aman \MOROCCO\ Maoist left-wing party. Istiqlal |MOROCCO| pro-monarchy, moderate social democratic party. Supports Morocco's claims on Western Sahara. Izigzawen \MOROCCO\ Berber nationalist. Moroccan Union for Democracy |MOROCCO| National Congress Party \MOROCCO\ Moderate left.

National Democratic Party (PND) /MOROCCO/ pro-monarchy, pro-democracy party. Supports Moroccan claims to Western Sahara. National Movement (MN) \MOROCCO\

National Party for Unity and Solidarity /MOROCCO/ right-of-centre party. National Rally of Independents (RNI) /MOROCCO/ conservative, pro-monarchy party. National Union of Popular Forces (UNFP) \MOROCCO\ split from Istiqlal. left-wing. Party of Hope |MOROCCO| Party of Progress and Socialism (PPS) \MOROCCO\ formerly communist, now moderate left-wing, favors a market economy. Party of Renewal and Equity |MOROCCO|

People’s Movement |MOROCCO| Liberal. Popular Movement (MP) /MOROCCO/ conservative party. Party of Rennaissance and Virtue |MOROCCO| Socialist Party \MOROCCO\

OMAN

Hizb ut-Tahrir /OMAN/ Islamist, restoration of caliphate. Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman (PFLO) \OMAN\ left-wing socialist party, banned.

PALESTINE

Al Mustaqbal |PALESTINE| Fatah faction.

Al Saiqa \PALESTINE\ Palestinian autonomist, pro-Syrian.

Arab Liberation Front \PALESTINE\ pro-Iraqi Baathist Palestine independence group.

Democratic Front for Liberation of Palestine (DFLP) \PALESTINE\ secular, left-wing

Marxist-Leninist group.

Fatah Uprising \PALESTINE\ left-wing Palestinian autonomist group. Hamas (Islamic Resistance Movement) /PALESTINE/ Islamic fundamentalist Palestinian autonomist group. National Coalition for Justice and Democracy (Wa'ad) |PALESTINE| Palestine Arab Front \PALESTINE\ Baath pan-Arab socialist. Palestine Democratic Union(PDR) \PALESTINE\Center-left. Palestine Forum |PALESTINE|

Palestine Liberation Front (PFL) \PALESTINE\ pro-Iraqi Palestinian independence group. Palestine Liberation Movement (Fatah) \PALESTINE\ Center-left. Palestine People's Party (PPP) \PALESTINE\ left-wing Marxist-Leninist Palestinian independence movement. Palestine Popular Struggle Front (PPSF) \PALESTINE\ left-wing Palestinian autonomist group. Palestinian Justice |PALESTINE|

Palestinian National Initiative \PALESTINE\ Left-wing. Palestinian People's Party \PALESTINE\ Left-wing. Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) \PALESTINE\ left-wing Palestinian independence movement. Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command (PFLP-GC) \PALESTINE\ extreme left-wing Palestinian independence movement. Revolutionary Palestinian Communist Party (RPCP) \Palestine\ left-wing Marxist-Leninist group. Third Way |PALESTINE| Centrist.

QATAR

Hizb ut-Tahrir /QATAR/ Islamist, restoration of caliphate.

SAUDI ARABIA

Islamic Awakening /SAUDI ARABIA/ Shiite Islamic fundamentalist party, banned. Saudi Umma Party |SAUDI ARABIA| Moderate Islamist.

SUDAN

Baath Party \SUDAN\ left-wing Arab nationalist socialist party.

Democratic Unionist Party /SUDAN/ Islamic fundamentalist party. Muslim Brotherhood /SUDAN/ Islamic fundamentalist party. National Alliance for Salvation (NAS) |SUDAN| moderate coalition of trade unions and professional associations. National Congress Party |SUDAN| moderate party, favors national unity in a decentralized state, non-aligned foreign policy. National Islamic Front /SUDAN/ Islamic party. Nationalist Unionist Party \SUDAN\ National Party (Hizb al Umma) /EGYPT/ Muslim fundamentalist party, based in Khartoum. Sudanese Communist Party (SCP) \Sudan\ Marxist-Leninist left-wing party. Sudanese National Party (SNP) |Sudan| Umma Party /Sudan/ Islamic Mahdist party.

SYRIA

Al-Ansar Party |SYRIA| AGAS - Antiglobalization Activists in Syria |SYRIA| Neo-liberal. Arab Communist Party \SYRIA\ Communist. Arab Revolutionary Workers Party \SYRIA\ Scientific socialist. Assyrian Democratic Party |SYRIA| Assyrian rights. Assyrian Democratic Organization |SYRIA| Assyrian rights. Christian Democratic Party of Syria |SYRIA| Communist Labour Party \SYRIA\ Marxist-Leninist. Democratic Al-Taliyeh Party |SYRIA| Democratic Arab Socialist Union \SYRIA\ Left-wing. Democratic Islah Party |SYRIA| Democratic National Liberation League of Syria |SYRIA| Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party \SYRIA\ Anti-Assad Baathist. Hizb ut-Tahrir /SYRIA/ Restoration of caliphate. Kurdish Freedom Party |SYRIA| Kurdish party. Kurdish Future Movement in Syria |SYRIA| Kurdish party. Kurdish Yekiti Party in Syria |SYRIA| Kurdish party. Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria |SYRIA| Kurdish party. Kurdish Popular Union Party in Syria |SYRIA| Kurdish party. Liberal Democratic Union |SYRIA|

Marxist-Leninist Communist Action Party \SYRIA\ Independent left-wing party. Movement for Justice and Development in Syria |SYRIA| Movement of the Freedom and the National Solidarity in Syria |SYRIA| Muslim Brotherhood /SYRIA/ Islamist. National Democratic Front |SYRIA| National Democratic Solidarity Party |SYRIA| National Development Party |SYRIA| National Progressive Front \SYRIA\ Pro-Assad left-wing alliance consisting of: Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party (governing party) Arab Socialist Movement Arab Socialist Union Party of Syria Syrian Communist Party (Khalid Bakdash faction) Syrian Communist Party (Yusuf Faisal faction) Social Democratic Unionists Socialist Unionists Syrian Social Nationalist Party Democratic Socialist Unionist Party Arabic Democratic Unionist Party National Vow Movement National Salvation Front in Syria |SYRIA|

Partiya Demokrati Yekiti |SYRIA| Kurdish party. Party of Modernity and Democracy for Syria |SYRIA|

Reform Party of Syria /SYRIA/ Neo-conservative, linked to CIA and Nicolas Sarkozy. Based in the United States.

Syrian Alentefah Party |SYRIA| Syrian Democratic Current |SYRIA|

Syrian Democratic Party |SYRIA|

Syrian Democratic People's Party \SYRIA\ Former communists.

Syrian Republican Party |SYRIA|

United Islamic Front /SYRIA/ Islamist.

United Kurdish Democratic Party in Syria |SYRIA| Kurdish party.

TUNISIA

Baath Party \TUNISIA\ Pan-Arab socialist.

Congress for the Republic \TUNISIA\ Center=left secularist.

Constitutional Democratic Rally (RCD) |TUNISIA| Former governing party, moderate

socialist. Defunct.

Democratic Forum for Labor and Liberties \TUNISIA\ Social democratic. Former

Communist Party.

Ennahda Movement |TUNISIA| Islamist centrist.

Green Party for Progress |TUNISIA| Liberal. Hizb ut Tahrir /TUNISIA/ Pan-Islamic. Caliphate restoration. Homeland Party |TUNISIA| Centrist. Liberal Democratic Party |TUNISIA| Centrist. Maghrebin Liberal Party |TUNISIA| Liberal centrist. Movement Ettajdid \TUNISIA\ Center-left. Movement of Democratic Socialists (MDS) \TUNISIA\ pluralist, social democratic party. Movement of Socialist Democrats |TUNISIA| Moderate. Party of People’s Unity /TUNISIA/ Party of Popular Unity (PUP) \TUNISIA\ Formed by MUP dissidents. Patriotic and Democratic Labor Party \TUNISIA\ Popular Unity Movement (MUP) \Tunisia\ radical reformist party, left-of-centre. Progressive Democratic Party |TUNISIA| Liberal. Progressive Socialist Rally (RSP) |Tunisia| left-wing. Social Liberal Party |TUNISIA| Liberal. Social Party for Progress (PSD) |Tunisia| liberal. Tunisian Communist Party (PCT) \Tunisia\ Marxist-Leninist, Defunct. Tunisian Pirate Party \TUNISIA\ libertarian. Tunisian Worker’s Communist Party \TUNISIA\ Marxist-Leninist. Unionist Democratic Union /TUNISIA/ Pan-Arab nationalist. Union of Democratic Unionists (UDU) \Tunisia\ left-wing, pan-Arab unionist.

TURKEY

Banner Party /TURKEY/ right-wing party.

Birlik ve Baris (Unity and Peace) |TURKEY|

Communist Party of Turkey (TKP) \Turkey\ Marxist-Leninist.

Democratic Centre Party (DMP) /TURKEY/ centre-right party.

Democratic Left Party (DSP) \TURKEY\ center-left party.

Democratic Left People's Party (DSHP) \TURKEY\ center-left party.

Democratic Party (DP) /TURKEY/ center-right party. Formed by merger with Justice Party

and prior, with ANAP.

Equality and Democracy Party (EDP) \TURKEY\ libertarian social democratic.

Felicity Party /TURKEY/ conservative Islamist.

Freedom and Labour Party (OZEP) \TURKEY\ Kurdish nationalist party.

Freedom and Solidarity Party \TURKEY\ left-wing.

Great Union Party /TURKEY/ Nationalist right-wing Islamist.

Green Party \TURKEY\ ecological party.

Homeland Party /TURKEY/ right-wing, nationalist.

Independent Republic Party /TURKEY/

Independent Turkey Party /TURKEY/ Nationalist Islamist. Justice and Development Party (AKP) /TURKEY/ Moderate Islamist tendency party. Kurdish Worker's Party (PKK) \TURKEY\ Kurdish autonomist party in eastern Turkey, left-wing. Labor Party \TURKEY\ Left-wing. Laborer Movement Party \TURKEY\ Left-wing. Liberal Democratic Party |TURKEY| liberal. Marxist-Leninist Communist Party \TURKEY\ left-wing, Communist. Motherland Party (ANAP) /TURKEY/ favors a free market, pro-European Community, Kemalist conservative. Merged with DP. Nation Party /TURKEY/ right-wing, nationalist. National Party /TURKEY/ left-wing, Kemalist, pro-Hugo Chavez. Nationalist Labour Party (MCP) \TURKEY\ right-wing party. Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) /Turkey/ right-wing. New Party |TURKEY| Peace and Democracy Party (BDP) \Turkey\ socialist, Kurdish. Defunct. People's Ascent Party |TURKEY| Social democratic. People's Labour Party (HEP) \TURKEY\ Kurdish nationalist party, split from SHP. People's Voice Party |TURKEY|

Reformist Democracy Party |Turkey| Republican People's Party \Turkey\ Social democratic, left-of-center. Secular, Kemalist base. Revolutionary Socialist Worker's Party \TURKEY\ Trotskyite. Revolutionary Workers Party \TURKEY\ Trotskyite. Rights and Equality Party |TURKEY| Independent, Kemalist. Social Democratic Party \TURKEY\ social democratic. Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP) \Turkey\ centre-left party. Socialist Democracy Party \TURKEY\ left-wing, socialist. Socialist Party (SP) \Turkey\ Left-wing, favors withdrawal from NATO, nationalization of foreign capital, banks and private industry. Socialist Unity Party (SBP) \Turkey\ left-wing. Tranquility Party /Turkey/ right-wing party. True Path Party (DYP) /Turkey/ centre-right party. Became DP. Turkey's Change Party \Turkey\ social democratic.

Turkey Party /Turkey/ conservative. Turkish United Communist Party (TBKP) \Turkey\ Marxist-Leninist. Banned. Worker's Party \Turkey\ Maoist. Young Party /Turkey/ nationalist.

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

Hizb ut-Tahrir /UNITED ARAB EMIRATES/ Islamist, restoration of caliphate.

WESTERN SAHARA

Frente Popular para la Liberacion de Seguia el Hamra y Rio de Oro (Popular Front for the

Liberation of Saquia al Hamra and Rio de Oro) (POLISARIO) \SAHARAN ARAB

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC\ socialist, favors full independence for former Spanish Territory

of Western Sahara. Its guerilla forces have fought against Moroccan troops that have

occupied the territory and annexed it to Morocco.

YEMEN

Al-Haq /YEMEN/ Islamic fundamentalist group.

Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Yemen Region \YEMEN\ Pan-Arab socialist.

Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) \YEMEN\

General People's Congress (GPC) \YEMEN\ former governing centre-left party.

Hizb ut-Tahrir /YEMEN/ Caliphate restoration.

Nasserite Unionist People's Organisation \YEMEN\ leftist nationalist party. National Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party of Yemen \YEMEN\ pan-Arab socialist. National Council for the Forces of the Peaceful Revolution |YEMEN| Al-Islah /YEMEN/ Muslim Britherhood affiliate. South Yemen Movement \YEMEN\ Restoration of South Yemen independence. Alliance of Yemeni Tribes /YEMEN/ tribal-based party. National Democratic Front (NDF) \YEMEN\ Yemeni Congregation for Reform (Al Islah) /YEMEN/ Muslim Brotherhood affiliate. Yemen Socialist Party (YSP) \Yemen\ Formerly Marxist-Leninist party that governed the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (South Yemen), currently moderate left socialist. Yemeni Unionist Party (Tajammu) |Yemen| liberal, pro-human rights party. Based in North and South Yemen.