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Watermarking

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RAJAT BHATIA 9451261228 errajatbhatia.akg@gmail.com AKGEC,

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MOHD.ANASSHAFIQ

9454141560 anasthinking@gmail.com AKGEC,Gzb

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DIGITAL WATERMARKING

Digital watermarking is the process of embedding copyright information such as

author/owner/usage restrictions into the original file. In the paper and ink world, traditional

watermarks are visible impressions left on the paper. In the digital world, watermarks areintended to be imperceptible to the end user of the file - the watermark can't leave a big

blotch on Image or add a few extra bars to an audio file. A digital watermark is recoverable

i.e. if someone checks the copyright it also must be unalterable to intentional fraud and

unintentional file manipulations. Digital watermarks are created by converting copyright

information into apparently random digital "noise" using an algorithm that is imperceptible to

all but special watermark-reading software.

Characteristics ofDigital Watermarking

In general, a digital watermarking should have the following basic features:

(1) can be proved.

(2) Cannot be removed.

(3) Permanence.

Watermarking ProcessThe following diagram illustrates the steps in watermarking a movie and identifying it later.

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Watermark: The master copy of the movie is watermarked while still in the content owners

control.

Distribute: The watermarked copies of the movie are distributed to various cinemas for

broadcast.

Screen: The watermarked movie is screened. If during screening, someone in the audience

surreptitiously records the movie with a small camcorder, capturing a relatively faithful copyof the now doubly-watermarked movie.

Upload: By way of their home computer, the consumer uploads the secretly made copy or

some portion of it to a Site.

Identify: The watermarks in the uploaded movie can be extracted to identify the source.

METHODS OF WATERMARKING

Least significant bit insertionIt is a technique in which secret data is hidden in a carrier bit.The LSB of the bit is replaced with the data to be watermarked. It is also hard to detect.

Masking and filteringMasking techniques hide information in such a way that the hiddenmessage is more integral to the cover image than simply hiding data in the "noise"

level. Masking adds redundancy to the hidden information.

Algorithms and transformations Another technique is to hide data in mathematical

functions that are in compression algorithms. The idea is to hide the data bits in the

least significant coefficients.

APPLICATIONS

Flag-based applications: use the watermark as a flag to enable copyright communicationand enforcement. The watermark must survive normal transformations.Forensic applications:use the watermark to detect where or how a piece of content is left

the authorized domain. Examples include digital cinema, media serialization for music and

video on demand.

Content-identification-based applications use: the watermark to enable innovativebusiness models for content distribution while enhancing the consumers ability to experience

the content.

Examples include filtering, management, measurement and tracking.

CONCLUSION

Ultimately, any security technology is hack able. However, if the technology is combined

with proper legal enforcement, industry standards and respects of the privacy of individuals

seeking to legitimately use intellectual property. Digital watermarking will encourage content

creators to trust the Internet more, which will create a richer experience for those of us who

use it