water will there be enough? leslie e. kettren, aicp, pcp leroy p. kettren, pg september 29, 2005...
TRANSCRIPT
WaterWill there be enough?
Leslie E. Kettren, AICP, PCPLeslie E. Kettren, AICP, PCP
Leroy P. Kettren, PGLeroy P. Kettren, PG
September 29, 2005September 29, 2005
““Making Great Plans: Putting the Pieces Together”Making Great Plans: Putting the Pieces Together”
Upper Midwest Regional Planning ConferenceUpper Midwest Regional Planning Conference
Alexandria, MinnesotaAlexandria, Minnesota
Introduction
Emerging issues in competition for waterEmerging issues in competition for water
Groundwater conflicts increasingGroundwater conflicts increasing
Local government & planners can helpLocal government & planners can help
Need for Public Education ProgramsNeed for Public Education Programs
WATER SUPPLY STRESS IN NORTH AMERICA
Grannemann et al, 2000
Great Lakes Basin
Largest unfrozen Largest unfrozen
freshwater in freshwater in
Western Western
HemisphereHemisphere
Freshwater – not a Freshwater – not a
problem problem
OR IS IT ? !OR IS IT ? !
Water Diversion Issues
Increased Increased restrictionsrestrictions
Turning to Turning to groundwatergroundwater
Waukesha, Wisconsin
Groundwater supply is Groundwater supply is shrinking due to shrinking due to
increased demands of increased demands of developmentdevelopment
*
Communities Communities unlucky unlucky near the near the “divide”“divide”
Green Bay-Fox River Area
Water levels declined 300 ft. in some areas
1957-1990
Saline water“Michigan Basin”
Grannemann et al, 2000
Other saline problem areas
Groundwater Basics
Occurs in pore spaces between grains of Occurs in pore spaces between grains of soil or rock in layers called aquiferssoil or rock in layers called aquifers Zone of Saturation – part of the aquifer Zone of Saturation – part of the aquifer
where all the pore spaces are filled with where all the pore spaces are filled with waterwater
Water Table – top of the zone of Water Table – top of the zone of saturationsaturation
Surface & Groundwater One finite resource - connectedOne finite resource - connected Overuse results in problems with the otherOveruse results in problems with the other Competition will get worse in futureCompetition will get worse in future
Why? Why? Urban growth and sprawlUrban growth and sprawlPeople, golf courses & industry People, golf courses & industry
moving into rural areasmoving into rural areasMoving to where BIG wells areMoving to where BIG wells areMore & more groundwater in demandMore & more groundwater in demand
Groundwater withdrawals
Domestic wells = small wellsDomestic wells = small wells
Groundwater withdrawals
High capacity wells = BIG wellsHigh capacity wells = BIG wells
BIG wells 70 gallons per minute (or more)70 gallons per minute (or more) 100,000 gallons per day100,000 gallons per day
Irrigation – agriculture & golf coursesIrrigation – agriculture & golf courses Quarry dewateringQuarry dewatering Dewatering for major construction Dewatering for major construction
projectsprojects Municipal well fieldsMunicipal well fields Industrial processesIndustrial processes
Affects of BIG wells
Cone of depressionCone may extend Cone may extend
> 1 mile from > 1 mile from wellwell
Property line
HIGH CAPACITY WELL
LOW CAPACITY
WELL
Static level
Radius of influenceDrawdown
Pumping level
Property line
HIGH CAPACITY WELL
LOW CAPACITY
WELL
Static level
Radius of influenceDrawdown
Pumping level
*Provided by Brant Fisher from the MDEQ
Pump
Well Interference
Cone of depression extends into Cone of depression extends into adjacent welladjacent well Can lower water tableCan lower water table Causes well to produce less Causes well to produce less
waterwater Causes well to fail – dry wellCauses well to fail – dry well Causes people to get mad!Causes people to get mad!
!*#@&
Research (Kettren, 2005)
Examined 1316 claim recordsExamined 1316 claim records
1967 – 20041967 – 2004
Indiana, Minnesota, Iowa & MichiganIndiana, Minnesota, Iowa & Michigan
511 no well interference511 no well interference
520 valid claims520 valid claims
285 miscellaneous (water quality, various 285 miscellaneous (water quality, various
concerns/gossip, etc.)concerns/gossip, etc.)
TYPE OFHIGH CAPACITY WELLS
NUMBER OF CLAIMS
PER CENT OF CLAIMS*
Quarries 298 22.6
Agriculture/major crop irrigation 258 19.6
Municipal water works 251 19.1
Construction dewatering 142 10.8
Industrial process 84 6.4
Golf course/non-crop irrigation 70 5.3
Water level maintenance/ miscellaneous
4 0.3
Not recorded 208 15.8
Total 1316 99.9
*Percent of claims does not total 100% due to rounding
PROBLEM
NUMBEROF CLAIMS
PERCENT OF CLAIMS*
Investigation could not substantiate a decline in water level
249 48.7
Well failure due to problems with affected well itself
141 27.6
Did not record reason for claim rejection 62 12.1
Water level decline due to seasonal fluctuations 19 3.7
Situation not covered under applicable state law 15 2.9
Affected well installed in different aquifer from high capacity well
13 2.5
Affected well not installed to applicable standards 12 2.3
Total 511 99.8
*Percent of claims does not total 100% due to rounding
Saginaw County, Michigan
Population Population growth (1980-growth (1980-2000) caused 2000) caused
water well water well conflictsconflicts
*Saginaw County
Claim Procedures
Step 1Step 1 Contact state regulatory agencyContact state regulatory agency DEQ, DNR, DAGDEQ, DNR, DAG SomeSome states have established procedures states have established procedures
BUTBUT Step 1 - they call YOU! Step 1 - they call YOU! Local government / local plannerLocal government / local planner
People will call you……
People are unaware of state laws & remediesPeople are unaware of state laws & remedies
Turn to local government for helpTurn to local government for help
Planners can serve as Planners can serve as thethe first resource first resource
Prevent well conflict situationsPrevent well conflict situations
Assistance - when conflicts occurAssistance - when conflicts occur
PLANNERS be prepared & knowledgeablePLANNERS be prepared & knowledgeable
What can planners do……….. ConflictsConflicts
Becoming common as people move to rural Becoming common as people move to rural areas where high capacity wells are locatedareas where high capacity wells are located
Many states have enacted laws:Many states have enacted laws: To help resolve conflictsTo help resolve conflicts To provide compensation to homeownersTo provide compensation to homeowners
Protect your water supplyProtect your water supply Become familiar with your state’s lawsBecome familiar with your state’s laws Take some simple precautionsTake some simple precautions
What can planners do………..
Site Plan Review – to prevent problemsSite Plan Review – to prevent problems Make sure new domestic wells are deep Make sure new domestic wells are deep
enoughenough Impacts of BIG wells should be Impacts of BIG wells should be
considered on nearby small wellsconsidered on nearby small wells New domestic wells should be installed New domestic wells should be installed
to state standardsto state standards Public EducationPublic Education
Public Education
Purpose – reduce invalid claimsPurpose – reduce invalid claims ½ cases – state spends time on false ½ cases – state spends time on false
alarmsalarms Homeowners can’t make repairs before Homeowners can’t make repairs before
state investigates state investigates Investigation takes 2-30 daysInvestigation takes 2-30 days
During this timeDuring this timeNo water – a real inconvenienceNo water – a real inconvenience
Education - Well Maintenance
More than ½ well failures due to:More than ½ well failures due to: Problems with affected wellProblems with affected well Not by a nearby high capacity wellNot by a nearby high capacity well
Claims can be prevented by:Claims can be prevented by: Conducting routine maintenanceConducting routine maintenance
Perform periodic inspection & maintenancePerform periodic inspection & maintenance By licensed well drillerBy licensed well driller Remove sediment & clean well screenRemove sediment & clean well screen Check:Check:
depth of pumpdepth of pump condition of pumpcondition of pump pressure tank & filters conditionpressure tank & filters condition condition of treatment equipmentcondition of treatment equipment static and pumping water levelsstatic and pumping water levels
Education - RecommendedWell Maintenance Procedures
Education - When a Well Fails1.1. Hire licensed well driller to inspect wellHire licensed well driller to inspect well
2.2. Notify high capacity well operator & file claim with state agencyNotify high capacity well operator & file claim with state agency
Most operators are willing to settle claimsMost operators are willing to settle claims
Many states have toll-free numbers & claim forms on WebMany states have toll-free numbers & claim forms on Web
3.3. Be prepared to negotiate a settlementBe prepared to negotiate a settlement
4.4. Keep record of expenses:Keep record of expenses:
Cost for well assessment by licensed well drillerCost for well assessment by licensed well driller
Repair and/or replacement costsRepair and/or replacement costs
Cost for properly abandoning existing wellCost for properly abandoning existing well
Cost for temporary water usageCost for temporary water usage
MinnesotaClaim Procedure File complaint with DNRFile complaint with DNR Request a Water Well Information and Request a Water Well Information and
Complaint QuestionnaireComplaint Questionnaire
www.dnr.state.mn.us/waters/watermgmt_section/appropriations/www.dnr.state.mn.us/waters/watermgmt_section/appropriations/index.htmlindex.html
Water Well Informationand Complaint Questionnaire
5 Part Complaint Form5 Part Complaint Form ComplainantComplainant
Part A, well locationPart A, well location Part D, signaturePart D, signature Part E, complaint Part E, complaint
questionnairequestionnaire Licensed Well DrillerLicensed Well Driller
Part B, well constructionPart B, well construction Part C, well conditionPart C, well condition Part D, signaturePart D, signature
All data submittedAll data submittedbecomes public informationbecomes public information
DNR Waters InformationDNR Waters Information1-651-296-48001-651-296-4800
Minnesota Claim Procedure
Licensed well driller inspects wellLicensed well driller inspects well Regional HydrologistRegional Hydrologist
Evaluates complaintEvaluates complaint Determines if investigation is necessaryDetermines if investigation is necessary
InvestigationInvestigation May require aquifer pumping testMay require aquifer pumping test Water levels are measuredWater levels are measured Aquifer test data is analyzedAquifer test data is analyzed Extent of interference is determinedExtent of interference is determined
Minnesota - When Well Interference Conditions Exist
High capacity well operator has 30 days to:High capacity well operator has 30 days to: Request a modification or restriction of permitRequest a modification or restriction of permit
Must provide affected well owner with water supplyMust provide affected well owner with water supply Negotiate a reasonable agreementNegotiate a reasonable agreement Request a public hearingRequest a public hearing
Affected well owner must:Affected well owner must: Be prepared to negotiate a settlementBe prepared to negotiate a settlement Keep record of expensesKeep record of expenses
Well assessment costsWell assessment costs Costs for any repairsCosts for any repairs Cost to properly abandon existing wellCost to properly abandon existing well Cost for temporary water until well is repaired or replacedCost for temporary water until well is repaired or replaced
For Additional Minnesota Information:
Contact the DNR Division of Water :Central Office, St. Paul, MNDNR Waters Information (651) 296-4800
Central Office Fax: (651) 296-0445
http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/waters/watermgmt_section/appropriations/index.html
Michigan DEQ Claim Form
Name, address & phone Name, address & phone numbernumber
Location of wellLocation of well Explanation of well Explanation of well
interferenceinterference Date(s) of well interferenceDate(s) of well interference Evidence that high capacity Evidence that high capacity
well caused failurewell caused failure
““NO WATER” hotlineNO WATER” hotline1-866-709-00191-866-709-0019
www.MDEQ.govwww.MDEQ.gov
MDEQ Well Assessment Form
Completed by Licensed Completed by Licensed Well DrillerWell Driller
Well driller’s name, Well driller’s name, address & phone numberaddress & phone number
Well owner’s name, Well owner’s name, address & phone numberaddress & phone number
Reason for complaintReason for complaint Well driller’s diagnosisWell driller’s diagnosis Suggested correctionsSuggested corrections
Indiana Conflict Resolution
Contact the DNR Division of WaterMailing address for the Division of Water:
Indiana Department of Natural ResourcesDivision of Water402 West Washington Street, Room W264Indianapolis, IN 46204
Phone numbers for the Division of Water:Main office - (317)232-4160 or toll free 1-877-928-3755Fax number - (317)233-4579
Email questions or comments to the Division of water:[email protected]
Ohio Well InterferenceClaim Procedures DOES NOT have formal proceduresDOES NOT have formal procedures DNR Division of WaterDNR Division of Water
Conducts technical investigationsConducts technical investigations Prepares reportsPrepares reports
Small capacity well failuresSmall capacity well failures Call Ohio DNR at 1-614-265-6740Call Ohio DNR at 1-614-265-6740 Email to Email to [email protected]@dnr.state.oh.us
Illinois InterferenceClaim Procedures Administered by Department of AgricultureAdministered by Department of Agriculture
County Soil & Water Conservation DistrictsCounty Soil & Water Conservation Districts Applies to only 4 Conservation Districts:Applies to only 4 Conservation Districts:
Kankakee County Kankakee County 1-815-937-89401-815-937-8940 Iroquois County Iroquois County 1-815-432-60551-815-432-6055 Tazwell County Tazwell County 1-309-346-44621-309-346-4462 McLean County McLean County 1-309-452-08301-309-452-0830
Conservation District must investigate complaints Conservation District must investigate complaints within 2 dayswithin 2 days
Wisconsin Well Interference ProceduresNO procedures for investigation of conflicts - NO procedures for investigation of conflicts - unless a municipal water supply is involved.unless a municipal water supply is involved.
For Information ContactFor Information Contact
Wisconsin Department of Natural ResourcesWisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Drinking Water and GroundwaterDrinking Water and Groundwater
101 Webster Street101 Webster Street
Madison, WI 53707Madison, WI 53707
608-266-0821608-266-0821
References
Illinois Legislature, Administrative Code, Title 8; Agriculture and Animals; Chapter I; Department of Agriculture; Part 675, Groundwater Use Guidelines, Illinois legislature, Springfield,
Available at: www.legis.state.il.us/commission/jcar/admincode/008/00800675sections.html Illinois Legislature, Illinois Compiled Statutes, Conservation, Water Use Act of
1983, 525 ILCS 45, Illinois legislature, Springfield, Available at: www.legis.state.il.us/ilcs/ch525/ch525act24.htm
Indiana legislature, Indiana Code 14-25-4, Emergency Regulation of Groundwater Rights, Water Resources Management Act, Chapter 4, Indiana legislature, Indianapolis, Available at: www.in.gov/legislature/ic/code/title14/ar25/ch4.htm
References
Michigan Legislature, Michigan compiled laws, Act 177 of 2003, Part 317, Aquifer Protection and Dispute Resolution, Michigan Legislature, Lansing, Available at: http://www.legislature.mi.gov
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 2002, Well interference resolution process, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul, Available at: http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/waters/watermanagement_section
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Minnesota Rules, Chapter 6115, Public Waters, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul, Available at: http://www.revisor.leg.state.mn.us/arule/6115
Minnesota legislature, Minnesota statutes, 2004, Chapter 103 G, Waters of the State, Minnesota legislature, St Paul, Available at: http://www.revisor.leg.state.mn.us/statutes/103G
References
Ohio Legislature, Ohio Revised Code Title XV Conservation of Natural ResourcesSection 1521 et seq, Division of Water, Ohio Legislature, ColumbusAvailable at: http://onlinedocs.andersonpublishing.com/oh
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Wisconsin Administrative Code,Chapter NR 812, Environmental Protection – Water Supply, Wellconstruction and Pump Installation, Wisconsin Department of NaturalResources, Madison,Available at: http://www.legis.state.wi.us/rsb/code/nr/nr809.html
Wisconsin legislature, 2003-04, Wisconsin Statutes and Annotation, Chapter 281Water and Sewage, Subchapter III Water Quality and Quantity, Section 281.34 Groundwater withdrawal, Wisconsin legislature, Madison,Available at: http://www.legis.state.wi.us/rsb/Statutes.html
Acknowledgements
The information presented here was compiled as part of research into the regulation of well conflict interference problems in the Great Lakes Basin. The author wishes to acknowledge, and express his appreciation, to those people and agencies who provided information in this research.
The author expresses his special thanks to the Land Grant Colleges’ and Universities’ Great Lakes Regional Water Program for their generous support that allowed this work to continue.
Questions &
Answers
Leslie E. Kettren, AICP, PCPLeroy P. Kettren, PG