WATER RESOURCESENGINEERING 98

Volume 1

PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONALWATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING CONFERENCE

SPONSORED BY THEWater Resources Engineering

Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers

CO-SPONSORED BY THEU.S. Geological Survey

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Wetlands Division

HOSTED BY THEWest Tennessee Branch, ASCE

Ground Water Institute, University of Memphis

IN COOPERATION WITH THEAlabama Water Environment Association

American Fisheries SocietyAmerican Society of Agricultural Engineers

Arkansas Water Resources CenterCalifornia Department of Water Resources

City of Memphis, TennesseeInternational Association for Hydraulic Research

International Association of Hydrological SciencesInternational Water Resources Association

Society of American Military EngineersU.S. Army Corps of Engineers

August 3-7, 1998Memphis, Tennessee

EDITED BYSteven R. Abt, Jayne Young-Pezeshk and Chester C. Watson

J H f i ^ * f American Society^ 9 l r S of Civil Engiiwan

1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVERESTON, VIRGINIA 20191--M00

UB/TIB Hannover 89118 845 683

Contents

VOLUME 1

MINI-SYMPOSIA ON BRIDGE SCOUR

CHAIR: JORGE. E. PAGAN-ORTIZ, FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION

SESSIONBS-1Scour Countermeasures I

Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: Richard L. Voigt, University of Minnesota

Status of the Scour Evaluation of Bridges over Waterways in the United States 2Jorge E. Pagan-Ortiz, Federal Highway Administration

Bridge Scour and Stream Instability Countermeasures 5P. F. Lagasse, M. S. Byars, and L. W. Zevenbergen, Ayres Associates

Cable-Tied Blocks as an Alternative for Protecting Bridge Piers Against Scourunder Mobile-Bed Conditions 15

Carlos Toro-Escobar, Richard Voigt, Jr., and Gary Parker, University ofMinnesota

SESSIONBS-2Scour Countermeasures II

Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: J. Sterling Jones, Federal Highway Administration

From Art to Science: Bridge Scour Countermeasures 21Lisa M. Fotherby, Inter-Fluve, Inc.

Flow Modification Techniques to Control Pier Scour 27M. Leonard Oppenheimer, Polygon

Overview of the July 1997 Spring Creek Flood-Fort Collins, Colorado 33J. R. Richardson, University of Connecticut, and F. L. Ogden, University ofMissouri - Kansas City

Sacrificial Piles and Iowa Vanes as Pier Scour Countermeasures 39Bruce W. Melville, Anna C. Hadfield, and Christine S. Lauchlan, Universityof Auckland - New Zealand

SESSION BS-3Scour Countermeasures III

Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: Jorge E. Pagan-Ortiz, Federal Highway Administration

Impact of Scour Monitoring and Instrumentation in the United States 45A. Ginsberg, Federal Highway Administration, and J. D. Schall, AyresAssociates

Caltrans Countermeasures and Their Costs 51Catherine Avila, Steve Jaques, and Paul Davies, Caltrans

Scour Monitoring of the Woodrow Wilson Bridge 57Beatrice E. Hunt, Hardesty & Hanover, LLP; Louis N. Triandafilou, FHWA,Paul A. Carreras Jr., Virginia DOT; David A. LaBella, Maryland SHA; andGerald R. Price, ETI Instrument Systems, Inc.

SESSION BS-4Tidal Scour I

Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: Stanley R. Davis, Maryland State Highway Administration

Federal Highway Administration Concept for Designing and Evaluating TidalInfluenced Bridges for Scour 63

Johnny L. Morris, Ayres Associates, and Jorge E. Pagan-Ortiz, FederalHighway Administration

Tidal Hydraulic Modeling for Bridges 68Lyle W. Zevenbergen, Peter F. Lagasse, and Everett V. Richardson, AyresAssociates

A Simple Interactive Computer Program for Routing Tidal Flow Through Bridges 74Raja Veeramacbaneni, Fred Chang, and Stanley R. Davis, Maryland StateHighway Administration

Evaluating Existing Tidal Bridges in Virginia For Scour 80James C. Filson, II, T. Y. Lin International, and William S. Springer,Dewberry and Davis

SESSION BS-STidal Scour II

Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: Michael A. Ports, Parsons BrinckerhoffQua.de & Douglas, Inc.

Local Scour Under Tidal Flow Conditions 86D. Max Sheppard and Edward Albada, University of Florida

Sensitivity of Currents and Water Elevations in Tidal Waters to Storm SurgeParameters 92

D. Max Sheppard and Athanasios Pritsivelis, University of Florida

Bridge Scour Assessments Following Hurricane Danny in Southern Alabama 98Stephen A. Simpson, Leon Pinkston, Alabama Department of Transportation,and Michael A. Ports, Parsons BrinckerhoffQuade & Douglas, Inc.

Runup of Wind Waves on Riprap 104Donald L. Ward, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES

SESSION BS-6Scour Risk, Reliability, and Uncertainty

Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: Peggy A. Johnson, The Pennsylvania State University

Fault Tree Analysis of Bridge Scour 110Peggy A. Johnson, The Pennsylvania State University

Estimating the Risk of Scour Vulnerable Bridges 115Stuart M. Stein, G. Kenneth Young, and David R. Pearson, GKY &

Associates, Inc., and Roy E. Trent, Federal Highway Administration

Design and Construction of the First Bored Tunnel Under the Nile River 121Michael A. Ports and Conor Shea, Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas,Inc.

SESSION BS-7Unknown Foundations

Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: Edward J. Kent, Earth Tech

Nondestructive Assessment of Unknown Bridge Condition 127Paul S. Fisk, NDT Engineering, Inc.

Dispersive Wave Methods for Unknown Pile Lengths 133J. Damn Holt, FDH, Inc.

NCHRP 21-5 Research Results on Determination of Unknown BridgeFoundation Depths 139

Marwan F. Aouad and Larry D. Olson, Olson Engineering, Inc.

Evaluating Unknown Bridge Foundations: It is Worth It? 145William A. Home, Clough, Harbour & Associates LLP

SESSION BS-8Complex Scour I

Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: David Froehlich, Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc.

Scour Measurements Under Ice 151Leonard J. Zabilansky, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - CRREL

Computer Model for Prediction of Scour at Bridges Affected by LargeWoody Debris 157

N. P. Wallerstein and C. R. Thome, University of Nottingham - UnitedKingdom

SESSION BS-9Complex Scour II

Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: Catherine Crossett-Avila, Caltrans

Effects of Pier Shape On Local Scour 163Bruce W. Melville, University of Auckland - New Zealand

Maryland SHA Procedure for Estimating Scour at Bridge Abutments, Part 2:Clear Water Scour 169

Fred Chang and Stanley Davis, Maryland State Highway Administration

Local Scour Increment by Successive Bridge ConstructionThis chapter appears in the "Additional Papers " section; see page xxxvii.

Abutment Scour in Compound Channels for Variable Setbacks 174T. W. Sturm and A. Chrisochoides, Georgia Institute of Technology

SESSION BS-10Complex Scour III

Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: Catherine Crossett-Avila - Caltrans

Testing Abutment Scour Model 180G. Kenneth Young, Xibing Dou, Kamal Saffarinia, GKY & Associates, Inc.,and J. Sterling Jones, Federal Highway Administration

HEC-RAS Hydraulic and Scour Analysis of Ten Mile River Bridge Under theCaltrans Seismic Retrofit Program 186

Ejaz Mohammad and David T. Williams, WEST Consultants, Inc., CatherineCrossett-Avila, and Dennis McBride, Caltrans

Scour at Complex Pier Geometries 192D. Max Sheppard, University of Florida, and J. Sterling Jones, FederalHighway Administration

Using a 3-D Model To Predict Local Scour 198Xibing Dou, G. Kenneth Young, and Stuart M. Stein, GKY & Associates; andJ. Sterling Jones, Federal Highway Administration

Innovative Instrumentation Techniques for Detecting and Measuring the Effectsof Sediment Scour Under Ice 204

N. E. Yankielun and L. J. Zabilansky, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -CRREL

SESSION BS-11Bridge Scour Field Measurements I

Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: David S. Mueller, U.S. Geological Survey

Scour Measurements at Contracted Highway Crossings in Minnesota, 1997 210David S. Mueller and Harry A. Hitchcock, U.S. Geological Survey

The Collection of Clear-Water Contraction and Abutment Scour Data at SelectedBridge Sites in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont of South Carolina 216

Stephen T. Benedict and Andy W. Caldwell, U.S. Geological Survey

Rapid-Estimation Method for Assessing Scour at Highway Bridges 222Stephen R. Holnbeck, U.S. Geological Survey

SESSION BS-12Bridge Scour Field Measurements II

Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: David S. Mueller, U.S. Geological Survey

Hydraulic Evaluation of 1-65 at the Alabama River Peninsula 228John Curry and Leon Pinkston, Alabama Department of Transportation

Detail Scour Measurements Around a Debris Accumulation 234David S. Mueller, U.S. Geological Survey; and Arthur C. Parola, Universityof Louisville

Numerical Simulation of Flow Patterns at a Bridge with Debris 240Arthur C. Parola Jr., Sridhar Kamojjala, University of Louisville;John E. Richardson, Flow Science, Inc., and Michael W. Kirby, PDREngineers, Inc.

Detecting Bridge Scour by Measuring the Thermal Variation Across theStream Bed 246

Charles V. Camp and Shahram Pezeshk, University of Memphis; andTerry D. Leatherwood, Tennessee Department of Transportation

SESSION BS-13Scour on Rock and Cohesive Soils I

Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: Albert Molinas, Hydrau-Tech

Effect of Cohesion on Abutment Scour 252Albert Molinas, Colorado State University, Nagy G.Y. Reiad, Water ResearchCenter, Hydraulics Institute-Egypt; and J. Sterling Jones, Federal HighwayAdministration

Proposed Pier Scour Procedure for Rock Formations 258George W. Annandale, Golder Associates, Inc., and Steve P. Smith, URSGriener

Time to Scour Experiments as an Indirect Measure of Stream Power AroundBridge Piers 264

David A. Bertoldi, GKY & Associates; and J. Sterling Jones, FederalHighway Administration

The Erodibility Index: Practical Aspects 270George W. Annandale, Golder Associates, Inc.

SESSION BS-14Scour on Rock and Cohesive Soils II

Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: Larry A. Arneson, Federal Highway Administration

Effect of Clay Content on Bridge Scour 280Albert Molinas, Colorado State University, and Ahmad Abdeldayem,Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency

Pier Scour Depths Affected by Clay in Mississippi 286K. Van Wilson Jr., U.S. Geological Survey

Pier Scour in Montmoriilonite Clay Soils 292Albert Molinas, Colorado State University, Magdy Hosny, InternationalCenter for Water Research; and J. Sterling Jones, Federal HighwayAdministration

Local Scour at Bridge Piers in the Cohesive Soil in the Yellow SeaThis chapter appears in the "Additional Papers " section; see page xxxvii.

SESSIONBS-15Stream Stability I

Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: Pete F. Lagasse, Ayres Associates

Alluvial Fan Dynamics-Hazards to Highways 298S. A. Schumm and Pete F. Lagasse, Ayres Associates

Gravel Mining Impacts on San Benito River, California 304Michael D. Harvey, Mussetter Engineering, Inc. and Thomas W. Smith, AyresAssociates

SESSION BS-16Stream Stability II

Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: Pete F. Lagasse, Ayres Associates

Hydraulic Design of Bridge with Erodible Road Embankments 310Howard H. Chang, San Diego State University, and Jack Abcarius, T.Y. LinInternational

Comparison of Erosion and Channel Characteristics 315Gene W. Parker, U.S. Geological Survey

Investigation of Velocity Patterns Under a Bridge Deck in a PressureFlow Condition 320

Christopher I. Thornton, Colorado State University, and Larry A. Arneson,Federal Highway Administration

Pier Scour on Slightly Skewed Double Bridges 326D. A. Lyn, E. Neseem, T. Cooper, A. R. Rao, and A. Altschaeffl, PurdueUniversity

MINI-SYMPOSIUM ON STREAM BANK PROTECTIONCHAIR: DAVID S. BIEDENHARN, U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS - WES

SESSIONSP-1Streambank Protection, Case Studies I

Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerator: David Biedenharn, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES

Case Histories in Soil Bioengineering Streambank Protection 334Robbin B. Sotir, Robbin B. Sotir & Associates

Bioengineered Bank Stabilization on the Little Miami River 340Lisa M. Fotherby, Todd R. Hoitsma, and Dale E. Miller, Inter-Fluve, Inc.

New Adventures in Bioengineering, Willow Curtains and Willow Poles 346David L. Derrick, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES

Utilization of Natural Vegetation Groins as a Bank Protection Measure 352Shoji Fukuoka, Hiroshima University - Japan

SESSION SP-2Streambank Protection, Processes I

Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerator: Drew Baird and Rodney J. Wittier, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation

Pore Pressure and Bank Stability: The Influence of Matric Suction 358Andrew Simon and Andrea Curini, USDA - Agricultural Research Service

A 1995 Bank Erosion Survey Along the Illinois Waterway 364T. W. Soong, N. G. Bhowmik, and M. Bera, Illinois State Water Survey

The Mechanism of Bank Caving of Lower Yantze River 370Yin-Chuan Chen, Hydraulic Bureau of Nanjing and Xing-Xiang Zhou,Management Department of Yantze River of Nanjing Reach-China

Monitoring & Modeling Streambank Subsurface Water Conditions in NorthQueensland, Australia

This chapter appears in the "Additional Papers " section.

SESSIONSP-3Streambank Protection, Case Studies II

Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerator: Rebecca Seal and David L. Derrick, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES

Remediation of HAZWOPER Floodplains, Wetlands, & Streambanks 376Telena D. Moore, Roy F. Weston, Inc., John M. Stiner, MK-Ferguson;Ronald L. Collins, Lockheed Martin Energy Systems; Jeffery L. Eyman,Roy F. Weston, Inc.

Restoration Techniques for Urban Streams 381J. R. Duncan, R. A. Hanahan, M. E. Pleasant, T. R. Gangaware, andD. L. Feldman, University of Tennessee

Bank Stabilization Experience on the Middle Rio Grande 387Drew C. Baird, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation

SESSION SP-4Streambank Protection, Design Guidance ISponsored by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Moderators: Robbin B. Sotir, Robbin B. Sotir & Associatesand Stephen T. Maynord, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES

Soil-Cement for Channel Bank Stabilization 393Dennis L. Richards, Simons, Li & Associates, Inc., and Kenneth D. Hansen,Schnabel Engineering Associates, Inc.

SESSION SP-5Streambank Protection, Case Studies III

Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerator: Phil Combs and Lisa Hubbard, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES

Nontraditional Erosion Control Projects Constructed on the Missouri River 399D. L. LaGrone and J. I. Remus II, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Rootwad Bank Stabilization on the Middle Rio Grande 405Shawn Boelman and Drew C. Baird, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation

Four Years Later, Harland Creek Bendway Weir/Willow Post Bank StabilizationDemonstration Project 411

David L. Derrick, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES

Stability of Biological Engineering Methods 417Andreas Dittrich, University of Karlsruhe - Germany

SESSIONSP-6Streambank Protection, System Response

Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerator: Andrew Simon, USDA - Agricultural Research Service

Channel Stability of Turkey Creek, Nebraska 423David L. Rus, and Philip J. Soenksen, U.S. Geological Survey

Effectiveness of Grade Control Structures in Incised River Channels of NorthMississippi 429

Chester C. Watson, Colorado State University, and David S. Biedenharn, U.S.Army Corps of Engineers - WES

Evidence of Willow Post Induced Deposition 435Gregory V. Wilkerson, Colorado State University

SESSIONSP-7Streambank Protection, Processes II

Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerators: Lisa Fotherby, Inter-Fluve, Inc.,

and Douglas Shields Jr., USDA - Agricultural Research Service

Application of Deformable Stream Bank Concepts to Natural Channel Design 441Dale E. Miller and Peter B. Skidmore, Inter-Fluve, Inc.

The Relationships Between Soil Conditions and Growth of Willow Posts onStreambanks 447

S. R. Pezeshki, University of Memphis; F. D. Shields, USDA - AgriculturalResearch Service, and P.H. Anderson, University of Memphis

River Bed Deformation Computed from Shear Stress 453Saeed Reza Khodashenas, Andre Paquier, Division Hydraulique - France,and Bernard Gray, U.M.R.-CNRS - France

Improvement of Flow and Bed Profile Due to Gentler Bank Slopes in aCurved Channel 459

Shoji Fukuoka, Hiroshima University - Japan, and Tatsuya Nishimura, CTIEngineering Co., Ltd. - Japan

SESSIONSP-8Streambank Protection, Design Guidance IISponsored by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Moderator: Chester C. Watson, Colorado State University

Bendway Weirs and Highway Protection in Colorado: A Case Studyon the Blue River 465

Steve Smith, URS Griener, Inc. and Rodney J. Wittier, U.S. Bureau ofReclamation

Corps of Engineers Riprap Design for Bank Stabilization 471Stephen T. Maynord, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES

Soil Bioengineering Streambank Techniques 477Robbin B. Sotir, Robbin B. Sotir & Associates

The WES Stream Investigation and Streambank Stabilization Handbook 483David S. Biedenharn, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES, Charles M.Elliott, Private Consultant, and Chester C. Watson, Colorado State University

MINI-SYMPOSIUM ON HYDRAULICS AND HYDROLOGY OF WETLANDS

CHAIR: LISA C. ROIG, U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

SESSIONHW-1Hydrology of Natural Wetlands

Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerators: Raymond Walton, WEST Consultants, Inc.

and Lisa Roig, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES

A Hydrological Study in Minesing Swamp, Ontario 490Andrea L. Bradford and W. Edgar Watt, Queen's University - Canada

Monitoring Fluctuation in Wetland Groundwater Elevation 496John Gregoire, Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, and Scott Egan,ENSR Environmental Consulting, Inc.

Estimating Flow Velocities Through a Natural Wetland 502David A Stern, City University of New York, Lorraine L. Janus, New YorkCity Department of Environmental Protection, Reza Khanbilvardi, CityUniversity of New York, James C. Alair, William R. Richardson, P. BryceMcCann and Yuri A. Gorokhovich, New York City Department ofEnvironmental Protection

Hydrologic Impacts of Groundwater Fluctuations on Wetland Systems 508Randal S. Switt, Michael D. Annable, William R. Wise, University ofFlorida, and Jo Anne E. Walser, U.S. Military Academy

SESSION HW-2Wetland Modeling I

Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerators: Allen Hjelmfelt, University of Missouri

andAnanta Nath, South Florida Water Management District

Storage-Outflow Modeling of a Headwater Wetland 514Robert McKillop, N. Kouwen, and E.D. Soulis, University of Waterloo -Canada

Two-Dimensional Flow and Transport Modeling for Hydraulic Design andAnalysis of Treatment Wetlands 520

Kirk R. Barrett, Bioengineering Group, Inc.

SESSIONHW-3Wetland Modeling II

Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerators: Elliot Silverston, URS Griener and Jobaid Kabir, LCRA

PIV and Numerical Modeling for Flow Analysis 526Ehab A. Meselhe, University of Southwestern Louisiana, A. A. Bradley,Anton Kruger, and Marian V. I. Muste, University of Iowa

Integrated Hydrological Modelling in South Florida Water Management District 532Jason Yan, South Florida Water Management District, Emily Hopkins,Henrik Refstrup Swensen, and Jesper Tonnisen Kjelds, Danish HydraulicInstitute - Denmark,

Diffusion Model To Study Mangrove Hydrodynamics 538V. T. Deeptha, University of Cincinnati, and B. S. Thandaveswara, IndianInstitute of Technology - India

Investigating Isolated Wetland—Aquifer Interaction Through Modeling 544Jo Anne E. Walser, U.S. Military Academy, William R. Wise, Michael D.Annable, and Randal S. Switt, University of Florida

SESSION HW-4Flow Through Vegetation

Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerators: Lisa Roig, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES

and Raymond Walton, WEST Consultants, Inc.

Hydraulics of Submerged Flow Constructed Wetlands with Plants 550Allen Thompson, Xiaoli Sun, and Allen Hjelmfelt, University of Missouri

A Model for Flow with Flexible Vegetation-Covered Bed 556Tetsuro Tsujimoto, Nagoya University - Japan, and Tadanori Kitamura,University of Mississippi

SESSION HW-5Riparian Wetlands

Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerators: Lisa Roig, U.S. Army Corps of Engineering - WES

and Jim Poppleton, Environmental Consulting and Technology, Inc.

Critical Watershed Identification for West Tennessee Streams Using GIS 562Roger A. Gaines, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, James Outlaw, FederalExpress, and Jerry L. Anderson, University of Memphis

River Restoration Projects of South-West Germany: Aim and Development 568Giinter Hartmann and Andreas Dittrich, University of Karlsruhe - Germany

Development of Sand Island with Vegetation in Fluvial Fan River UnderDegradation 574

Tetsuro Tsujimoto, Nagoya University - Japan

Interaction Between River-Bed Degradation and Growth of Vegetation Zonein Gravel Bed River 580

Tetsuro Tsujimoto, Nagoya University - Japan, and Tadanori Kitamura,University of Mississippi

SESSIONHW-6Coastal Wetlands

Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerator: Jobaid Kabir, LCRA, and Elliot Silverston, URS Griener

Sediment Transport in the Barataria Basin 586Donald E. Barbe, Yong Mo, University of New Orleans, and James F. Cruise,University of Alabama - Huntsville

Management of Mangrove Forest for Coastal Wetland Restoration 592Junaid K. Choudhury, Conservator of Forest - Bangladesh

Wetland Wave Attenuation and Shore Protection 598Paul A. Tschirky, Kevin R. Hall and David J. Turcke, Queen's University -Canada

SESSION HW-7Wetlands Hydrology and Hydraulics of Florida Everglades

Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerator: Ananta Nath, South Florida Water Management District,

and Elliot Silverston, URS Griener

Selection of Spatial and Temporal Discretization in Wetland Modeling 604A. M Wasantha Lai, South Florida Water Management District

Simulation of Overland and Groundwater Flow in the Everglades National Park 610A.M. Wasantha Lai, Mark Belnap and Randy Van Zee, South Florida WaterManagement District

Correcting Spillway Design Deficiencies 616Ronald Mierau, South Florida Water Management District, and RichardBunnel, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

SESSION HW-8Wetland Hydrology in Florida

Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerators: Elliot Silverston, URS Griener

and Ananta Nath, South Florida Water Management District

H & H Modeling in High Water Table-Low Relief Area 622Michael Walters and Elizabeth Geurink, Dames & Moore, Inc., Ananta Nathand Gail Abbott, South Florida Water Management District

SESSION HW-9The Role of Hydrology in Wetlands Creation or Restoration: Case Studies

Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerators: Jim Poppleton, Environmental Consulting and Technology, Inc.

and Lisa Roig, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES

Hydrologic Investigations of the Loxahatchee Mitigation Bank 628Raymond Walton, Sigurdur Gardarsson, Anand Raman, WEST Consultants,Inc., Harold A. Frediani Jr., Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation, andDouglas T. Shaw, South Florida Water Management District

Hydrologic Problems and Freshwater Wetland Creation 634Mark M. Brown, Florida Department of Transportation

Restoring Wetland Hydrology in Farmed Wetlands 640Doreen B. Donovan, Environmental Consulting & Technology, Inc.

MINI-SYMPOSIA ON CHANNEL RESTORATION

CHAIR: PETER C. KLINGEMAN, OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY

SESSION CR-1Starting Points for River Restoration

Sponsored by Task Committee on Sedimentation Engineering for River RestorationModerator: Rebecca Seal, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES

The Need for Clearly Defined Objectives in Stream Restoration Design 648Eric R. Brown and Peggy A. Johnson, The Pennsylvania State University

Institutional Structures for River Restoration 654Courtland L. Smith and Peter C. Klingeman, Oregon State University

Woody Vegetation in River Restoration: Problems and Opportunities 660F. Douglas Shields, Jr., USDA - Agricultural Research Service

SESSION CR-2Technical Analyses for River Restoration

Sponsored by Task Committee on Sedimentation Engineering for River RestorationModerator: Richard D. Hey, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom

Geo-Hydraulic Diversity Index (GDI): A Method for Assessing the Sustainabilityof Rivers 666

Kevin S. Skinner, Peter. W. Downs, University of Nottingham- UnitedKingdom, and Andrew Brookes, The Environmental Agency — UnitedKingdom

River Restoration and Near-Channel Gravel Mining 672Peter C. Klingeman, Oregon State University

On Sediment and Habitat in the Upper Animas River Watershed, Colorado 678Robert T. Milhous, U.S. Geological Survey

Hourly Water Temperature Modeling of the Guadalupe River, California 684Russ T. Brown and Anne Huber, Jones & Stokes Associates, Inc.

SESSION CR-3Habitat Assessment in Rivers

Sponsored by Task Committee on Sedimentation Engineering for River RestorationModerator: William Fullerton, FLO Engineering, Inc.

Predicting Trout Habitat with Hydraulic Models 690D. W. Crowder, E. J. Pert, D. J. Orth, and P. Diplas, Virginia PolytechnicInstitute and State University

Restoration of Boreal Lowland Rivers in Finland: Problems and Approaches withRespect to Conservation and Flood Protection 696

Juha Jarvela, Helsinki University of Technology, and Jukka Jormola, FinnishEnvironment Institute - Finland

The Sacramento—A River in Repair 702Richard A. Welsh, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation

SESSION CR-4Stream Corridor Restoration Principles, Processes, and Practices:

New Federal Interagency Stream HandbookSponsored by Task Committee on Sedimentation Engineering on River Restoration

Moderator: F. Douglas Shields, Agricultural Research ServicePanelists: Jerry Bernard, USDA - Natural Resource Conservation Service,

Ronald Tuttle, USDA - Natural Resource Conservation Service,George Ice, National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc.,

and Ronald R. Copeland, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES

Federal Interagency Stream Corridor Restoration Document 708F. Douglas Shields Jr., USDA-ARS-NSL, Jerry M. Bernard, and Ronald W.Tuttle, USDA-NRCS

SESSION CR-5Gravel Bed & Cobble Bed Rivers

Sponsored by Task Committee on Sedimentation Engineering on Rivers RestorationModerator Peter C. Klingeman, Oregon State University

Equilibrium Gravel Bedload Transport 712Robert G. Millar and Colin D. Rennie, University of British Columbia

Sediment Sampling for Environmental Monitoring 718Panayiotis Diplas, Vinod Lohani, John Petrie, and Dan Stare, VirginiaPolytechnic Institute and State University

Bedload Transport in Cobble-Bed Rivers 724Duo Fang and Guoliang Yu, Sichuan Union University - China

Scour Depth of Salmon Redds Relative to nearby Bed 730Colin D. Rennie and Robert G. Millar, University of British Columbia -Canada

SESSION CR-6Fluvial Processes in Restoration

Sponsored by Task Committee on Sedimentation Engineering for River RestorationModerator Rodney J. Wittier, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation

Perturbations of Stage Hydrographs Caused by Channelization and Incision 736Martin W. Doyle, Inter-Fluve, Inc. and F. Douglas Shields, Jr., USDA -Agricultural Research Service

Simulation of Alluvial Processes in Evolving Channel Networks 742Eddy J. Langendoen and Ronald L. Bingner, USDA - Agricultural ResearchService

Resistance to Flow at the Channel-Overbank Interface 748Chad E. Morris, Steven R. Abt, Christopher I. Thornton, Colorado StateUniversity, and J. Craig Fischenich, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES

GENERAL CONFERENCE PAPERS

SESSION C-lHydrologic Disaster Reduction and Prevention — I

Case Studies and Lessons LearnedSponsored by Task Committee on Hydrologic Disasters

Moderator: Anand Prakash, Dames and Moore

Perspectives on the 1997 Flooding: Red River of the North 756L. Douglas James, National Science Foundation, Scott F. Korom, Universityof North Dakota, and Gerald Galloway, National Defense University

The 1997 Red River Floods: What Went Wrong? 762Roger A. Pielke, Jr., National Center for Atmospheric Research

Non-Structural Method To Reduce Local Pier Scour 768J. R. Richardson and D. L. Roberts, University of Missouri - Kansas City

SESSION C-2GIS Applications in Surface Water Hydrology

Sponsored by Task Committee on GIS Modules and Distributed Models of the WatershedModerators: Rafael G. Quimpo, University of Pittsburgh,

and Paul DeBarry, RKR Hess Associates

Data and Uncertainties for GIS Based Hydrologic Modeling 774Jurgen Garbrecht and Patrick J. Starks, USDA - Agricultural ResearchService

GIS-Hydrologic Model Integration 780Fred L. Ogden, University of Connecticut

GIS Data Exchange for the Hydrologic Engineering Center's Hydraulic andHydrologic Models 786

Thomas A. Evans, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - HEC

Constituent Loads and Water Quality in the Corpus Christi Bay System 790Ann M. Quenzer and David R. Maidment, University of Texas - Austin

SESSION C-3Detention & Debris Basin Design & Considerations

Moderator: Adnan Alsaffar, Bechtel International

Single Outlet Detention Pond Design and Analysis Equation 796D. Lee Currey and A. Osman Akan, Old Dominion University

Design Considerations for Multiple Detention Systems 802James C. Y. Guo, University of Colorado - Denver, John P. Clark,Montgomery Watson, and Ken Gilberth, VTN-nevada

Overtopping Prevention of the Harrow Debris Basin in Los Angeles County 808David T. Williams and Martin J. Teal, WEST Consultants, Inc., and SreeKumar, Los Angeles County Department of Public Works

Water Quality Detention Basin Analysis 814A. Osman Akan, Old Dominion University

Reliability Assessment in Detention Basin Design 820A. Melih Yanmaz, Middle East Technical University - Turkey

SESSION C-4Impinging Jets

Moderator: George W. Annandale, Golder Associates Inc.

Plunge Pool Recirculating at Dam Toes 826Joseph P. Juergensen and Steven R. Abt, Colorado State University

Plunging Jet Measurement Improvements Using ADV 832Kevin D. Nielsen, Marian Muste, and Larry J. Weber, University of Iowa

SESSION C-SEnvironmental Aspects in Coastal Areas

Sponsored by Task Committee on Physical Processes in Tidal Wetland RestorationModerator: Mark S. Dortch, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES

Model of Suspended Solids, Light and SAV 838Carl F. Cerco and Mark S. Dortch, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES

Tidal Circulation in the Southern Indian River Lagoon 844Guangdou Gordon Hu and David Unsell, South Florida Water ManagementDistrict

Evaluation of Methods Used in Estimating Outflow Rates in Coastal Watersheds 850D. M. Amatya, G. M. Chescheir and R. W. Skaggs, North Carolina StateUniversity

Environmental Change by a Water Front Development 856Moon Ock Lee, Sam No Lee, and II Heum Park, Yosu National University -Korea

Numerical Simulation of Tidal Flow in JN Port, Bombay, India 862Fayi Zhou, University of Alberta - Canada, Uram Ramesh, Central WaterPower Research Station - India, and C. C. S. Song, University of Minnesota

SESSION C-6Hydrologic Disaster Reduction and Prevention II: Modeling

Sponsored by Task Committee on Hydrologic DisastersModerator: Jerry Richardson, University of Missouri - Kansas City

An Overview of Hydrologic Disasters Prediction Models 868Shou-shan Fan, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee

Application of Remote Sensing Technology for Monitoring Floods 874Edwin T. Engman, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA

Application of GIS in Hazardous Remedial Action System 880Tsung-Han Lin and Kwang K. Lee, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee

Methodology for Using Post-Disaster Information To Improve the Accuracyof Flood Mapping 885

Zhida Song-James, Dewberry & Davis

SESSIONC-7Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Hydrology ISponsored by the Committee on Surface Water Hydrology

Moderators: Rao S. Govindaraju andA.R. Rao, Purdue University

Scaling Issues in Artificial Neural Network Modeling and Forecasting of AlgalBloom Dynamics 891

Mark French, University of Louisville, Friedrich Recknagel, University ofAdelaide, and G. Lynn Jarrett, University of Louisville

Using Modular Neural Networks To Predict Watershed Runoff 897B. Zhang and R. S. Govindaraju, Purdue University

Modeling of Watershed Flood Forecasting with Time Series Artificial NeuralNetwork Algorithm 903

Cho-Chung Yang, National Chiao Tung University, Chang-Shian Chen, FengChia University, and Liang-Cheng Chang, National Chiao Tung University -Taiwan, R.O.C.

SESSION C-8Drainage Design in Water Resources Engineering I: Construction

Sponsored by Task Committee on Conflicts in Drainage Design and Water ResourcesEngineering Construction

Moderator: William F. Ritter, University of Delaware

Bid Preparation and Construction Sequence 909Charles F. Keltch, Consulting Engineer

Specifications and the Contracting Process: Owners Viewpoint 914Thomas R. Weichel, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation

Design Data Collection for Preparing Job Specifications 920Glen D. Sanders, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation

International Drainage Construction Conflicts 926Walter J. Ochs, Consultant

SESSION C-9Endangered Species and Their Impacts on Reservoir Operations

Sponsored by the Committee on Research and EducationModerator: Donald K. Frevert, Bureau of Reclamation

Pacific Northwest Salmon Reservoir Operation Issues 932Jim Fodrea, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation

Modeling and Management of Water in the Klamath River Basin:Overcoming Politics and Conflicts 938

Marshall Flug, U.S. Geological Survey, and John F. Scott, Colorado StateUniversity

First-Year Selective Withdrawal Performance of the Shasta Dam TemperatureControl Device 944

Tracy B. Vermeyen, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation

Remediating Selenium Impacts on Endangered Fish in the Upper Colorado River 950Delbert M. Smith, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation

SESSION C-10Hydrologic Disaster Reduction and Prevention HI: Management & Environment Aspects

Sponsored by Task Committee on Hydrologic DisastersModerator: Fred Ogden, University of Connecticut

Environmental Concerns and Hydrologic Disasters 956Robert W. Brocksen, EPRI

Flood Hazard Identification and Management in Storage Flood Areas 961Mathini Sreetharan and Zhida Song-James, Dewberry & Davis