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Water Quality Measurement for Subsea Sea Water Treatment and Subsea Separation & PWRI or Discharge Operations?
Dr. Ming Yang, NEL, UK
NEL Slide 113-12-17
Content
• Background gWhat is subsea separation & PWRI / discharge? Subsea raw sea treatment?Benefits? Status of developments and applications?
• Why subsea water quality measurement?• Challenges • Potential measurement technologiesg• Tests and qualifications• Projects at NEL and elsewhereProjects at NEL and elsewhere• Concluding remarks
Background – Subsea Separation
Background – Subsea Raw Seawater Treatment
Background – Benefits
• EconomicPotentially eliminating surface facilities– Potentially eliminating surface facilities
– Increased oil production and oil recoveryE bli i l fi ld d l t– Enabling marginal field developments
– Saving on flow lines / chemicals O ti l • Operational – Easier O/W separation – Less flow assurance issues
• Environment – Less produced water for discharge
Background – Status: Subsea Separation and PWRI
• Troll Pilot (Statoil) (1999) – PWRI for disposal p– Water depth: 340 m– API 37o
• Tordis – Statoil (2007)– Water & sand re-injection in a disposal well
Water depth: 210 m– Water depth: 210 m– API 37o
– Increased oil recovery factor from 49% to 55%26 million bbl extra oil– 26 million bbl extra oil
• Marlim (2012) ( )– PWRI for pressure maintenance– Water depth: 900 m– API 22oAPI 22– Water spec: OIW<100 ppm; solids<10 ppm
Background – Status: Subsea Raw Sea Water Treatment - Development
• C-FAST: Combined Filtration and Seawater Treatment (1990’s) Seawater Treatment (1990 s)
– JIP led by CAPACIS (UK)
SWIT S W t I j ti & T t t • SWIT: Sea Water Injection & Treatment (2000’s)
– Developed by Well Processing AS in Norway– Developed by Well Processing AS in Norway– Now under the name of Seabox
SPRING (S b PR i d • SPRING (Subsea PRocessing and INjectin Gear)
JIP by Total Saipem and Veolia from 2007– JIP by Total, Saipem and Veolia from 2007
Background – Status: Subsea Raw Sea Water Injection- Applications
Field Water Flow Rate Start TreatmentField WaterDepth
Flow Rate(m3/hr)
Start TreatmentTechnology
ColumbaE
145 m 331(at 320 bar) 2007 Filter (80μm)
Tyrihans 270 m 580(at 205 bar) 2009 Strainer (7mm)
Albacora 440 m 688 2012 Filter (50μm)
Note: All of them use simple filtration, no electro-chlorination, no sulphate removal technologies have been included in these applications.
Why Subsea Water Quality Measurement?
• Current practiceROV / li / f l i– ROV / sampling / surface analysis
• Problems– Time consuming and costly– Huge time lag – Not-continuous– No good for process operations
• Definite technology gap – Therefore the need!
Challenges
• Extremely tough environmentW t d th t 3000– Water depth: - up to 3000m
– Process fluids in the case of produced water: Hi h / High temperature / pressureNeed to measure oil and / or solids
• Few measurement technologies• Lack of regulator’s involvement• Lack of well established standards for tests and qualifications • Lack of testing facilities for testing subsea instruments?!g g
Potential Technology - Requirements
• Produced Water Discharge Subsea Mi i il i t (OIW) di h l – Minimum: oil-in-water (OIW), discharge volume
• Subsea PWRI • Subsea PWRI – Content of oil and solids– Particle size and size distribution of oil and solids– Particle size and size distribution of oil and solids
• Subsea Sea Water Injection Subsea Sea Water Injection – Content of particulates – Particle size and size distribution – Free chlorine? – Content of sulphate? ....
Potential Technologies
• Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF)• Light scattering • Ultrasonic acoustic
OIW Conc.
• Microscope imaging• LIF combined with imaging Solid / Oil Conc. & SizingLIF combined with imaging• Laser reflectance, e.g. FBRM • Sand detector and monitor
Particle Sizing only
• Sand detector and monitor – Acoustic or erosion based
• Potentiometric / amperometricSolid Particle Conc.
F id l hl i• Potentiometric / amperometric Free residual chlorine
Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF)
• UV is induced by laser, aromatic HCs in PW absorb and it fl li ht th t i d t t d d li k d t t t l emit fluorescence light, that is detected and linked to total
or dispersed HCs in PW
Microscope Image Analysis
Basic principle: passing fluids between a gap of highintensity light source and microscopic camera. Imagesy g p gcaptured are then analysed to provide size, shape andconcentration data
Sand Detector and Monitor
• Sand Detection by acoustic• Sand Detection by acoustic
• Sand detection by erosion
Residual Free Chlorine
– Potentiometric ORP / Redox: measurean aqueous system’scapacity for releasing or capacity for releasing or accepting electrons from chemical reactions chemical reactions
– Amperometric Measure the change in current resulted from chemical reactions as a f ti f th l t t tifunction of the analyte concentration
Potential Technology - Summary
• For OIW concentration– Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF)Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF)
• For oil & solid in water concentration For oil & solid in water concentration – Ultrasonic acoustic
• For both concentration and particle size of oil and solid in PW Image based systems– Image based systems
– Combination of LIF and image analysis
• For Residual Free Chlorine A t i / P t ti t i – Amperometric / Potentiometric
Functional Specifications
Parameter Devices for PW Re-injection
Devices for Separation / Processing Re-injection Processing
Solid concentration (mg/l) 0-300 0-1000 Solid particle size (μm) 0-200 0-200 Oil concentration (mg/l) 0-5000 0-20,000
Oil d l t i ( ) 1 100 10 300 Oil droplet size (μm) 1-100 10-300 PW temperature (oC) 4 to 175 4 to 175 PW pressure (barg) 220 upstream of the injection
pump, up to 690 downstream of 220
p p pthe pump. Maximum design
pressure should be 690. Sea water temperature (oC) 4 4 Sea water pressure (barg) 300 300 Sea water pressure (barg) 300 300
Water depth (m) 3000 3000 Maximum flow velocity (m/s) 4.6 4.6
Device accuracy (%) 15 15 Response time 2 minutes for oil content Response time 2 minutes for oil content
30 minutes for solid particles Mean Time Between Failures
(MTBF) (Year) 5 (minimum)
Tests and Qualifications
• Objectivesj– To demonstrate functional requirements– To screen out faults and defects– To improve robustness and reliability
• Types – EnvironmentEnvironment– Performance – Duty
Tests and Qualifications
• Environment – Pressure – Temperaturep– Shock / vibration
EMC– EMC• Performance - Duty
– Accuracy / Repeatability / Stability– Responses p
Test and Qualifications - Key Documents
– Recommended Practice DNV-RP-A203 – Qualification d f t h l S t b 2001procedures for new technology, September 2001
– ISO 13628 - 6 Petroleum and natural gas industries –Design and operation of subsea production systems-subsea production control systems, 2006
– API RP17Q: Subsea Equipment Qualification, Rev. 1 January 2010y
– ISO 15839: Water quality – online sensors / analysing equipment for water – specification and performance tests equipment for water specification and performance tests, 2003
Projects at NEL
– NEL JIP (2009-2010) – Develop Operating Envelope(s) and T t P t l f S b W t Q lit M t Test Protocol for Subsea Water Quality Measurement Devices
– Objectivesj• Market assessment• Technology reviewgy• Operating envelope• Test requirements / protocolsq p• Test organisations
Projects at NEL
– NEL JIP (2011-2013) Independent Evaluation of the Technology Readiness of Subsea Water Quality Measurement Devices
– ObjectivesObjectives– Further review of technologies
P f l ti t t– Performance evaluation tests– Gap analysis
Projects at NEL
– NEL JIP (2014-2016) Development of Subsea Water Quality Measurement Technology Up To TRL 5
– Objectives: Objectives: To develop at least one subsea water quality measurement technology to a TRL5 measurement technology to a TRL5
Other Projects On-going or Planned
– Statoil & PetrobrasAim: to develop and qualify a subsea oil-in-water monitor Aim: to develop and qualify a subsea oil in water monitor in 2015/2016Pressure range: 20 100 barg; OIW: 10 3000 ppmPressure range: 20-100 barg; OIW: 10-3000 ppm
– RPSEA RFP: issued in July 2013Aim: To develop sensors reaching TRL 3 to 4p gApproach:
• Part 1: technical spec & gap analysis • Part 1: technical spec & gap analysis • Part 2: design, develop and test
Status: Proposals in Sept 2013. Project starts in July 2014
Concluding Remarks
– Subsea separation/sea water treatment offers many benefits – Subsea water quality measurement: a key technology gap– There are many challenges in developing subsea water y g p g
quality measurement devices– Potential technology candidates Potential technology candidates
LIF, image analysis, ultrasonic and or combination for oil and solids potentiometric / amperometric for free chlorine potentiometric / amperometric for free chlorine
– Testing and qualification plays a key roleR l R&D ff t i t l th t h l – Real R&D efforts on-going to close the technology gap
