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Water Quality Management in Citarum River Basin

3rd WEPA-NARBO Joint Workshop

September 21st, 2011

Manila, The Philippines

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JASA TIRTA II PUBLIC CORPORATION – CITARUM RIVER BASIN ORGANIZATIONJATILUHUR – PURWAKARTA ‐ INDONESIA

Prepared by:

Herman Idrus

Presented by:

Herry Rachmadyanto

NETWORK OF ASIAN RIVER BASIN ORGANIZATIONS

Outline:

1.Introduction: Citarum as a national strategic river basine bas

2.The basin condition today3.Water quality management in Citarum River

Basin

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Introduction: Citarum as a National Strategic River Basin

• Basin area is 11,500 km2

• Three reservoirs in series (Saguling,

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Cirata, and Jatiluhur) with distinct dryand wet seasons, averageprecipitation: 2,300 mm/year and runoff225 m3/s

• Serving multiple uses of water such asDMI demand: 25-30 m3/s (Jakarta rawwater supply: 16.1 m3/s), irrigationpeak demand 250 m3/s, hydropower1400 MW

• Contiguous coastal plain irrigation areain one system (240,000 ha)

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The basin condition today2

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Highly populated area with 10 million inhabitants (50% urban)

Industrialized area, highly pollutant producers in upper basin

Deforestation and improper agriculture management leads to erosion and sedimentation

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Untreated domestic sewage, solid waste disposal, and industrial effluent reduced capacity of the river and its water quality

Overpopulated floating-net fisheries at reservoirs

Floating-net Fisheries• Booming in 1990s

– In 2002: 2,159 units – In 2007: 19, 845 units (30% of water surface area)

• Fishes: gold fish, tilapia nilotica, catfish• Fish kills phenomena occurs almost every

i 1996year since 1996

Corrosion in power house

Blooming algae• Every year• It spreads wider & thicker• Longer periods and more often

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Lack of coordination and integrated action plan, limited budget and weak law enforcement

Water quality management in Citarum River Basin

3Progress of IWRM

•Ideal Goals (Added Value)

Mature Stage•Framework for stakeholders’ participation

DevelopingStage

•Effective WQ monitoring, development of data base •Technology dev.& CD•Set up stake holder meeting

From ‘Scratch’Stage

•Water use•Flood control•Hydropower

DevelopingStage

•Environmental conservation•WQ monitoring & network•Data sharing

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Recognizethe new problems

Strengthening of WQ monitoring, CD & stakeholder meeting (2007)

WQ report tostakeholder (1983)

DSS(2009)

POJ WQ laboratory (1983)

WQ monitoring

PJT-II renewed(2010)

Jatiluhur Multipurpose

PROKASIH project(1989)

stakeholder (1983)

MP in Java & Madura(1948)

MP for Citarum R.(1956)

WQ monitoring network& CD (1987-1991)

PJT-II established(1999)

Collect data location (1998)

Dam WQ monitoring(2000-2006)

Recognizethe new problems

WQ monitoring(1980)

Jatiluhur Multipurpose Project (1967)

Identify problems(1948)

(1948)

POJ Established(1970)

PNJ Established(1967)

(1999)

“WQM in IWRM Spiral” in Citarum River

IWRM in CRB  still in developing stage

passing through 3 full circles of spiral

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In summary ...

First stage it requires a holistic and integrated masterplan in a basin level

necessity of organization to optimally operate and maintain the infrastructures

Second  stagenecessity of WQ monitoring and systematic network

data sharing among stakeholder

capacity building

Third stage it requires to have effective WQ monitoring, development of data base and simulation model

technology development and capacity building

set up stakeholder meeting to exchange opinions

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Ongoing/Planned Initiatives on WQ

• Extending of WQ monitoring (routine monitoring and ad hoc)monitoring and ad hoc)Routine WQ monitoring in 78 locations consists of:• 25 points in Citarum River• 38 points in other rivers• 15 points in canals

• Monitoring liquid industrial effluent target 123

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effluent, target 123 monthly samples

• Reporting and coordination with other agencies

350

400

450

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

Average BOD5 of Citarum River in 1992-2008

Water quality monitoring by PJT-II

150

200

250

300

BO

D5 (

mg/

l)

1997 1998 1999 2000 20012002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

0

50

100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

Monitoring stations

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Water Quality Management:Keys for Success

• Human resources capacity is important to have a proper operational works and also to have vision on managing water quality management system as a whole

• Good and comprehensive, as well as customized database and information system is a supporting tool for a good decision making

• Collaboration and mutual coordination with other agencies is a must to have an integrated planagencies is a must to have an integrated plan, promoting a sectoral planning into integrated planning, from planning into action, from monitoring into law enforcement

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To Achieved it ...

• Capacity building of PJT‐II‘ employees through:– Training on pollution control: in reservoir and in streams, 

reservoir and stream modelling, water sampling and analysis, data publication, etc

– Twinning program on best management practice on water quality management 

• Developing a customized decision support tools on water quality management for Citarum River Basin and its interconnected rivers (jurisdiction area of Jasa Tirta II Public Corporation)Corporation)– Data catalogue system– Data custodian and sharing– Cost sharing for operation and maintenance

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The next plan (Roadmap for ICWRMIP, 2010):• Water quality improvement strategy and action plan

• Land and biodiversity conservation

• Community involvement in Citarum River Basin Management

• Reforest programp g

• Rural land development (together with PERHUTANI)

• Alternative livelihood for people live in mountainous forests

• Conservation management

• Alternative financial mechanisms for community involvement in sustainable river basin management

• Floodplain management to reduce sediment transport

• Water quality monitoring in Bandung area

• Waste water management in upper Saguling

• Water quality control in Bekasi and Karawang

• Solid waste management in Bandung, Bekasi, dan Cikarang

• Water quality improvement of Saguling, Cirata, and Jatiluhurthrough proper management of fishery and other activities

Closing remarks:That is our river with

complex problems and

thank you

complex problems and should be managed by

multisectoral