water pollution. water resources distribution of the world’s water resources water is a renewable...

Water PollutionWater Pollution

Water ResourcesWater Resources

Distribution of the World’s Water Resources Water is a renewable resource Water Cycle

Fresh Water = A limited Resource Earth’s water percentages

Distribution of the Earth’s Surface Water Surface water is fresh water on Earth’s land surface Lake, rivers, streams, and wetlands Surface water and human societies River system = a flowing network of water Watersheds = area of land that is drained by a river

Distribution of the World’s Water Resources Water is a renewable resource Water Cycle

Fresh Water = A limited Resource Earth’s water percentages

Distribution of the Earth’s Surface Water Surface water is fresh water on Earth’s land surface Lake, rivers, streams, and wetlands Surface water and human societies River system = a flowing network of water Watersheds = area of land that is drained by a river


Groundwater and Surface Water groundwater = water stored beneath the Earth’s

surface in sediment and rock formations Water table is the level where the rocks and soil are

saturated (desert vs. wet regions) Aquifer = underground formation that contains

groundwater (sponge) Water table forms the upper boundary of an aquifer Important for agriculture

Porosity = amount of space between the particles that make up a rock

Permeability = ability of rock or soil to allow water to flow through it (sandstone, limestone, or layers of sand and gravel)

Impermeable clay and granite

Groundwater and Surface Water groundwater = water stored beneath the Earth’s

surface in sediment and rock formations Water table is the level where the rocks and soil are

saturated (desert vs. wet regions) Aquifer = underground formation that contains

groundwater (sponge) Water table forms the upper boundary of an aquifer Important for agriculture

Porosity = amount of space between the particles that make up a rock

Permeability = ability of rock or soil to allow water to flow through it (sandstone, limestone, or layers of sand and gravel)

Impermeable clay and granite


Groundwater and Surface WaterRecharge zone = area of the earth’s

surface where water percolates down into the aquifer

Environmentally sensitiveAffected by permeability of the surfaceManaging recharge zones

Wells = a hole that is dug or drilled to reach groundwater

Cone-shaped depression

Groundwater and Surface WaterRecharge zone = area of the earth’s

surface where water percolates down into the aquifer

Environmentally sensitiveAffected by permeability of the surfaceManaging recharge zones

Wells = a hole that is dug or drilled to reach groundwater

Cone-shaped depression

Water Use and Management


Patterns of Global Water Use Three major uses of Water – residential,

agricultural, and industrial Availability, population, and economic

conditions affect how people use water In Asia 80% of water is used for agriculture Only 38% of water is used for agriculture in Europe 19% of water worldwide is used for industry 8% of water is used for household activities globally

In the U.S. the average person uses 300 L of water/day

In India the average person uses 40 L of water/day

Patterns of Global Water Use Three major uses of Water – residential,

agricultural, and industrial Availability, population, and economic

conditions affect how people use water In Asia 80% of water is used for agriculture Only 38% of water is used for agriculture in Europe 19% of water worldwide is used for industry 8% of water is used for household activities globally

In the U.S. the average person uses 300 L of water/day

In India the average person uses 40 L of water/day



Water TreatmentMost water must be treated to make

it safe to drink (potable)Water treatment removes toxins like

mercury, arsenic, and leadPathogens = organisms that cause

illness or diseaseFound in water contaminated by sewage

or animal fecesBacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasitic

worms

Water TreatmentMost water must be treated to make

it safe to drink (potable)Water treatment removes toxins like

mercury, arsenic, and leadPathogens = organisms that cause

illness or diseaseFound in water contaminated by sewage

or animal fecesBacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasitic

worms



How is Water Used Industrial Water Use

Water is used to manufacture goods, dispose of waste, and to generate power

Water needed for manufacturing 1000 L of water needed to produce 1 kg of aluminum 500,000 L of water needed to produce one car

Cooling power plants Agricultural Water Use

80 gal of water to produce one ear of corn 67% of the water used in the world is for

agriculture 80% of water used in agriculture is evaporated and

never reaches the plants roots Irrigation = providing plants with water form

sources other than direct precipitation

How is Water Used Industrial Water Use

Water is used to manufacture goods, dispose of waste, and to generate power

Water needed for manufacturing 1000 L of water needed to produce 1 kg of aluminum 500,000 L of water needed to produce one car

Cooling power plants Agricultural Water Use

80 gal of water to produce one ear of corn 67% of the water used in the world is for

agriculture 80% of water used in agriculture is evaporated and

never reaches the plants roots Irrigation = providing plants with water form

sources other than direct precipitation



Fresh Water Management Dams and water diversion canals are designed to

meet the needs of people not living near surface water

Water Diversion Projects Supplies water to dry regions Owens river and Colorado river

Dams and Reservoirs Dam – is a structure built across a river to control the

river’s flow About 20% of the world’s electricity is generated by

hydro-electric dams Negative consequences of dams

Reservoir – an artificial lake formed behind the dam Reservoir water can be used for flood control, drinking

water, irrigation, recreation, and industry

Fresh Water Management Dams and water diversion canals are designed to

meet the needs of people not living near surface water

Water Diversion Projects Supplies water to dry regions Owens river and Colorado river

Dams and Reservoirs Dam – is a structure built across a river to control the

river’s flow About 20% of the world’s electricity is generated by

hydro-electric dams Negative consequences of dams

Reservoir – an artificial lake formed behind the dam Reservoir water can be used for flood control, drinking

water, irrigation, recreation, and industry



Conservation One way that we can help ensure that

everyone will have enough water at a reasonable price

Water conservation in agriculture How water is lost in irrigation Drip irrigation systems

Water conservation in industry Recycling of cooling water and wastewater Innovation programs

Water conservation at home Pg. 282

Conservation One way that we can help ensure that

everyone will have enough water at a reasonable price

Water conservation in agriculture How water is lost in irrigation Drip irrigation systems

Water conservation in industry Recycling of cooling water and wastewater Innovation programs

Water conservation at home Pg. 282



Solutions for the future – when conservation is not enough Desalination – removing salt from salt water

Desalination plants heat salt water and collect the evaporated water

Consumes a lot of energy Often too expensive for most countries to use

Transporting water – transport water from other regions

Greek islands Alaska Towing ice bergs piping

Solutions for the future – when conservation is not enough Desalination – removing salt from salt water

Desalination plants heat salt water and collect the evaporated water

Consumes a lot of energy Often too expensive for most countries to use

Transporting water – transport water from other regions

Greek islands Alaska Towing ice bergs piping


Water Pollution Defined as the introduction of chemical,

physical, or biological agents into water that degrade water quality and adversely affect the organisms that depend on the water

Two underlying causes of Water Pollution Industrialization Rapid human population growth

Point-Source Pollution Defined as pollution discharge from a single

source A list of point source Pollution

Water Pollution Defined as the introduction of chemical,

physical, or biological agents into water that degrade water quality and adversely affect the organisms that depend on the water

Two underlying causes of Water Pollution Industrialization Rapid human population growth

Point-Source Pollution Defined as pollution discharge from a single

source A list of point source Pollution


Nonpoint-Source PollutionComes from many different sources

that are often difficult to identifyDifficult to regulate96 % of polluted bodies of water in

the United States were contaminated by nonpoint sources

List and causes of nonpoint source polution

Nonpoint-Source PollutionComes from many different sources

that are often difficult to identifyDifficult to regulate96 % of polluted bodies of water in

the United States were contaminated by nonpoint sources

List and causes of nonpoint source polution


Pollutant Types and Sources Pathogens Organic Matter Organic Chemicals Heavy Metals Physical Agents

Waste Water – Water that contains waste from homes or industry Treating Wastewater Sewage Sludge – the solid material that

remains after treatment Problems Uses

Pollutant Types and Sources Pathogens Organic Matter Organic Chemicals Heavy Metals Physical Agents

Waste Water – Water that contains waste from homes or industry Treating Wastewater Sewage Sludge – the solid material that

remains after treatment Problems Uses


Artificial Eutrophication Eutrophic – when lakes and slow moving

streams contain an abundance of nutrients (natural process)

Eutrophication caused by humans is called artificial eutrophication

Thermal Pollution When the temperature of a body of water

increases Temperature vs. Oxygen

Groundwater Pollution Percolates down from the earth’s surface Leaking underground storage tanks

Artificial Eutrophication Eutrophic – when lakes and slow moving

streams contain an abundance of nutrients (natural process)

Eutrophication caused by humans is called artificial eutrophication

Thermal Pollution When the temperature of a body of water

increases Temperature vs. Oxygen

Groundwater Pollution Percolates down from the earth’s surface Leaking underground storage tanks


Cleaning up groundwater pollutionGroundwater pollution is one of the most

challenging environmental problemsSticks around for generationsPurging pollution out of ground water

can take hundreds or thousands of yearsWater dispersed in throughout large

areas of rock and sandToxins coat groundwater sediments

Cleaning up groundwater pollutionGroundwater pollution is one of the most

challenging environmental problemsSticks around for generationsPurging pollution out of ground water

can take hundreds or thousands of yearsWater dispersed in throughout large

areas of rock and sandToxins coat groundwater sediments

Ocean PollutionOcean Pollution

Ocean Pollution Pollutants are often dumped directly into the oceans 85% of the oceans pollutants come from activities

on land Coastal ecosystems are affected most by pollution

Oil Spills 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill 2001 oil spill of the coast of Galapagos Islands 37 million gallons of oil are spilled from oil tankers

each year Only accounts for about 5 percent of oil pollution

200 million to 300 million gallons of oil enter the ocean from nonpoint sources

10 times the amount of oil spilled by tankers

Ocean Pollution Pollutants are often dumped directly into the oceans 85% of the oceans pollutants come from activities

on land Coastal ecosystems are affected most by pollution

Oil Spills 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill 2001 oil spill of the coast of Galapagos Islands 37 million gallons of oil are spilled from oil tankers

each year Only accounts for about 5 percent of oil pollution

200 million to 300 million gallons of oil enter the ocean from nonpoint sources

10 times the amount of oil spilled by tankers

Water Pollution and Ecosystems

Water Pollution and Ecosystems

Immediate damage Biomagnification – accumulation of

pollutants at successive levels of the food chain

Cleaning up water pollution 1969 the Cuyahoga river Clean water act 1972 Oil pollution act of 1990 Safe drinking water act 1975 1972 marine protection act 1987 water quality act

Immediate damage Biomagnification – accumulation of

pollutants at successive levels of the food chain

Cleaning up water pollution 1969 the Cuyahoga river Clean water act 1972 Oil pollution act of 1990 Safe drinking water act 1975 1972 marine protection act 1987 water quality act

water pollution. water resources distribution of the world’s water resources water is a renewable...

Documents