RENEWABLE ENERGY

Ag. Engg. 6.4 Credit : 1+1

Dr G.K. Saxena & Alok GoraDepartment of Agricultural EngineeringC.P. College of AgricultureSDAU, SK Nagar

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Chapter 1Introduction: An Overview

(Weightage: 20%)

No. Question1 The major constituent element of Earth atmosphere is

(a) Carbon dioxide (b) Nitrogen(c) Oxygen (d) Ozone

2 The major constituent element of Sun atmosphere is

(a) Carbon dioxide (b) Helium(c) Hydrogen (d) Oxygen

3 What is soil? (a) The lowermost layer of earth (b) The middle layer of earth(c) The uppermost layer of earth (d) All layers of earth

4 What is environment? (a) Cleanliness of atmosphere (b) Recycling waters(c) Substance to increase soil fertility (d) Surroundings like land, water, and

air

5 What are the three Rs for a clean environment?� (a) Recycle, recreate, refer (b) Recycle, recreate, remember(c) Recycle, reuse, redo (d) Recycle, reuse, reduce

6 What is the prime source of water on earth?

(a) Rainfall (b) River(c) Ocean (d) Snowfall

7 Which is the most common fuel for generating electricity in India?

(a) Coal (b) Diesel(c) Petrol (d) Wood

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8 What is the full form of CNG? (a) Compact natural gas (b) Complete natural gas(c) Compressed natural gas (d) Critical natural gas

9 Main constituent of CNG is

(a) Butane (b) Hexane(c) Methane (d) Propane

10 The water available on earth can be used to generate

(a) Bio-fuel (b) Electricity(c) Fossil fuel (d) None of the above

11 The inexhaustible resources, that are replenished by nature, are known as (a) Conventional resources (b) Non-renewable resources(c) Non-natural resources (d) Renewable resources

12 Petroleum and coal are example of

(a) Fossil fuels (b) Natural fuels(c) Non-fossil fuels (d) Renewable fuels

13 Which one is an example of Fossil Fuel?

(a) Coal (b) Natural gas(c) Oil (d) All of the above

14 Water can be pumped using

(a) Bio-energy (b) Solar energy(c) Wind energy (d) All of the Above

15 The mechanism by which energy passes through solid medium is known as

(a) Conduction (b) Convection(c) Radiation (d) Re-radiation

16 What is the full form of LPG? (a) Liquefied petrol gas (b) Liquefied petroleum gas(c) Liquid petrol gas (d) Liquid petroleum gas

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17 Main constituent of LPG is(a) butane (b) hexane (c) methane (d) propane(a) Butane (b) Hexane(c) Methane (d) Propane

18 Renewable energy is called green power because� � (a) It does not produce any harmful

pollutants(b) It is green in colour

(c) It is produced from green plants (d) It is produced from renewable energy sources

19 Sunlight, air, soil, and water are the examples of

(a) Conventional resources (b) Non-natural resource(c) Non-renewable resources (d) Renewable resources

20 The process of changing the waste material into its original form to be used again is called as

(a) Incineration (b) Recycle(c) Reuse (d) Sanitation

21 The electricity produced by the force of water is known as (a) Hydroelectricity (b) Nuclear electricity(c) Photo electricity (d) Thermal electricity

22 What for the greenhouse gases are responsible? (a) Agricultural warming (b) Global warming(c) Industrial warming (d) Global working

23 The electricity is generated in a hydroelectric plant by (a) Allowing water to fall from a

height on the blades of a turbine, which moves a generator

(b) Allowing water to fall over batteries to cool them

(c) Allowing water to fall over generators that move the turbine

(d) None of the above

24 A machine in which power is produced when a stream of water pushes the blades of a wheel and makes it turn around is known as

(a) Alternator (b) Fly wheel(c) Generator (d) Turbine

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25 In India which of the following States has geothermal energy plants?

(a) Himachal Pradesh (b) Jammu and Kashmir(c) Karnataka (d) All of the above

26 Which of the following renewable energies is used as source of farm power?

(a) Biogas energy (b) Solar energy(c) Wind energy (d) All of the above

27 1cal is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g of water by

(a) 1000oC (b) 100oC(c) 10oC (d) 1oC

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Chapter 2Biogas Technology (Weightage: 20%)

1 Biogas typically refers to a gas produced by the biological breakdown of organic matter in absence of

(a) Carbon dioxide (b) Hydrogen(c) Nitrogen (d) Oxygen

2 The process of gas production by the biological breakdown of organic matter in absence of oxygen is known as

(a) Aerobic digestion (b) Anaerobic Digestion(c) Overnight fermentation (d) None of the above

3 Which of the following is biodegradable waste?

(a) Detergent (b) Rubber(c) Silver foil (d) Vegetable and fruit peels

4 Which one is the major constituent gas in biogas?

(a) Carbon-dioxide (b) Carbon-monoxide(c) Methane (d) Oxygen

5 Which gas has the major share in biogas?

(a) CH4 (b) CO2

(c) H2S (d) N2

6 For what purpose the bio-gas is mainly used in rural areas?(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) Cooking (b) Heating(c) Producing electricity (d) Pumping water

7 What is the biggest source of biogas in rural India?

(a) Cattle dung (b) Cottage waste(c) Kitchen waste (d) Plant waste

8 Which one of the following is the most common source of biomass?

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(a) Industrial waste (b) Municipal waste(c) Plants (d) Rural waste

9 Which of the following is not biomass?

(a) Cattle dung (b) Plants and trees(c) Water (d) Wood

10 Which of the following is biomass?

(a) Cattle dung (b) Plants and trees(c) Wood (d) All of the above

11 Which method is used for generating energy from biomass?

(a) Combustion (b) Gasification(c) Pyrolysis (d) All of the above

12 Biomass can be converted into

(a) Gaseous fuel (b) Liquid fuel(c) Solid fuel (d) All of the above

13 Biogas can be used for

(a) Cooking (b) Lighting(c) Transportation (d) All of the above

14 In biogas plants the gas yield is maximum in the thermophilic region and the period of digestion

(a) gets enlarged (b) gets reduced(c) remains unchanged (d) none of the above

15 In biogas plants the gas yield is maximum in the thermophilic region and the digestion process gets

(a) delayed (b) improved(c) no effect (d) stopped

16 The dome of Janata biogas plant is made of

(a) Concrete (b) Iron(c) PVC (d) Wood

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17 What is the type of KVIC biogas plant? (a) Fixed dome type (b) Floating drum type(c) Open air type (d) None of the above

18 Which of the following is the local name of biogas in rural areas?

(a) Gobar gas (b) Marsh gas(c) Water gas (d) Wood gas

19 In rural areas, the locally generated gas from cattle dung used for cooking & lighting is called as

(a) Biogas (b) Natural gas(c) Producer gas (d) None of the above

20 Which of the following factors is irrelevant with respect to biogas production?

(a) Carbon to nitrogen ratio (b) pH value(c) Quality of water (d) Temperature

21 The waste material of living or non-living things is called

(a) Biofuel (b) Biogas(c) Biomass (d) Biotechnology

22 Which of the following is not a raw material for biogas generation?

(a) Algae (b) Coal(c) Grasses (d) Water hyacinth

23 In general biomass consists of lignin and carbohydrates (or sugars) in respective proportion of

(a) 25% and 75% (b) 50% and 50%(c) 75% and 25% (d) None of the above

24 What is the calorific value of biogas in kcal per m3?

(a) 5000 (b) 8600(c) 10300 (d) 11100

25 What is typical composition of methane in the biogas?

(a) 50 % (b) 60 %(c) 70 % (d) 80 %

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26 What should be the PH value of slurry for better gas production in biogas plant?

(a) 3-4 (b) 5-6(c) 7-8 (d) 9-10

27 In biogas plants the gas yield is maximum at the temperature range of

(a) 20-30 0C (b) 30-40 0C(c) 45-55 0C (d) 55-65 0C

28 The C:N ratio of cattle dung is approximately

(a) 30:1 (b) 40:1(c) 50:1 (d) 60:1

29 In biogas plants the optimum C: N ratio for maximum microbiological activities is

(a) 20: 1 (b) 30: 1(c) 40:1 (d) 50:1

30 The respective proportion of wet cattle dung and water in slurry feed to the digester of biogas plant is

(a) 1:1 (b) 1:2(c) 1:3 (d) 1:4

31 In biogas plants the gas produced from one kilogram of wet cattle dung is

(a) 0.037 m3 (b) 0.074 m3

(c) 0.081 m3 (d) 0.148 m3

32 The dual fuel engine is in a position to make use of biogas and diesel in respective proportion of about

(a) 75% and 25% (b) 85% and 15%(c) 95% and 5% (d) 100% and 0%

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Chapter 3Gasifier

(Weightage: 10%)

1 The screw pressed briquettes are far superior to the ram pressed solid briquettes in terms of their

(a) management and combustibility (b) storability and combustibility(c) storability and transportation (d) transportation and management

2 As compared to the ram pressed solid briquettes, the screw pressed briquettes are far

(a) Alike (b) Inferior(c) Superior (d) None of the above

3 As compared to the screw pressed briquettes, the ram pressed solid briquettes are far

(a) Alike (b) Inferior(c) Superior (d) None of the above

4 Briquetting is done for densification of

(a) air-mass (b) bio-mass(c) liquid-mass (d) solid-mass

5 Briquetting of biomass is done for its

(a) densification (b) liquidization(c) solidification (d) none of the above

6 Densification of bio-mass is known as

(a) Briquetting (b) compression(c) solidification (d) none of the above

7 Thermo-chemical conversion of biomass or waste is known as

(a) Combustion (b) Gasification(c) Pyrolysis (d) None of the above

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8 Gasification is a process where the fuel is partially

(a) Carbonized (b) Hydrolyzed(c) Neutralized (d) Oxidized

9 Gasification of biomass through pyrolysis is the process of

(a) Biochemical conversion (b) Biological conversion(c) Chemical conversion (d) Thermo chemical conversion

10 Charcoal is obtained from

(a) Coal (b) Petroleum(c) Rubber (d) Wood

11 The process in which waste material is reduced to ashes is called

(a) Biodegradation (b) Composting(c) Incineration (d) Recycling

12 Up draft gasifier is also known as (a) Co-axial Gasifier (b) Co-current Gasifier(c) Counter-current Gasifier (d) None of the above

13 Down draft gasifier is also known as (a) Co-axial Gasifier (b) Co-current Gasifier(c) Counter-current Gasifier (d) None of the above

14 The gas produced by the down-draft gasifier is called as

(a) Biogas (b) Gobargas(c) Natural gas (d) Producer gas

15 Producer Gas, produced by gasifier, consists of

(a) carbon monoxide (b) hydrogen(c) nitrogen (d) all of the above

16 Biomass gasifiers produce a combustible mixture of different gases called as

(a) Combustion gas (b) Internal gas(c) Mixed gas (d) producer gas

17 Major constituent gas of gasifier gas is

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(a) CH4 (b) CO(c) CO2 (d) H2

18 Bio mass briquettes have ash content in the range of

(a) 2-10% (b) 10-18%(c) 18-26% (d) 26-34%

19 What is the heat value of gas produced in gasifier?

(a) 950-1200 kcal/m3 (b) 1200-1450 kcal/m3

(c) 1450-1700 kcal/m3 (d) 1700-1950 kcal/m3

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Chapter 4Solar energy

(Weightage: 30%)

1 Solar radiation reaches earth in the form of

(a) Beam radiation only (b) Defuse radiation only(c) Beam and defuse radiation both (d) None of the above

2 Solar energy can be used in the form of

(a) Electrical energy (b) Mechanical energy(c) Thermal energy (d) All of the above

3 A solar thermal collector is a heat exchanger that converts radiant solar energy into

(a) electricity (b) heat(c) light (d) none of the above

4 Solar thermal collector converts radiant solar energy into which type of energy? (a) Electrical energy (b) Heat energy(c) Kinetic energy (d) Mechanical energy

5 Most commonly used working fluids in the solar collectors are

(a) Diesel and water (b) Kerosene and air(c) Petrol and air (d) Water and air

6 Insulation is provided in solar collector housing to prevent the loss of

(a) Heat (b) Humidity(c) Material (d) Moisture

7 Which types of collectors are used to convert solar energy into heat? (a) Flat and focusing (b) Flat and square(c) Focusing and round (d) Square and round

8 Which type of reflector is used in box type solar cooker?

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(a) Aluminium foil (b) Mirror(c) Plain glass (d) Silver foil

9 Which of the following is used to cover the box in a box type solar cooker? (a) Double glass layer (b) Double ply layer(c) Single glass layer (d) Single ply layer

10 Lid of solar cooker is made of

(a) fiber (b) glass(c) iron (d) silver

11 Solar panel is made of

(a) fiber (b) glass(c) iron (d) silver

12 Solar cells are made of

(a) Germanium (b) Semi conductor elements(c) Silicon (d) All of the above

13 Solar cell is used to convert solar energy into which type of energy?

(a) Chemical (b) Electrical(c) Mechanical (d) Thermal

14 Solar lantern has which type of lighting system?

(a) Fixed type (b) Floating type(c) Non-movable type (d) None of the above

15 Which of the following systems is the application of solar thermal energy?

(a) Bio-diesel production (b) Bio-gas production(c) Solar lighting (d) Solar water heating

16 In solar water heater, hot water is available for use at what time?

(a) Evening time (b) Morning time(c) Noon time (d) All time

17 Solar energy can be stored during day and can be utilized during

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(a) Day time (b) Night time(c) Sun-shine hours (d) All time

18 Which instrument is used to measure direct solar radiation?

(a) Anemometer (b) Pyranometer(c) Pyreheliometer (d) None of the above

19 Pyrehliometer is used to measure (a) diffused solar radiation (b) direct solar radiation(c) global solar radiation (d) ultraviolet solar radiation

20 Pyranometer is used to measure

(a) diffused solar radiation (b) direct solar radiation(c) global solar radiation (d) ultraviolet solar radiation

21 Solar energy can be used to produce (a) Electrical energy (b) Light energy(c) Thermal energy (d) All of the above

22 Which process creates the radiant power of the sun? (a) Nuclear fission (b) Nuclear fusion(c) Nuclear reaction (d) None of the above

23 Active domestic water heating system is also known as (a) Forced circulation system (b) Modified system(c) Natural system (d) None of the above

24 Active domestic water heating system uses an electrical pump to move the water in the

(a) solar cycle (b) storage cycle(c) water use cycle (d) none of the above

25 The way heat moves through solid materials, traveling from molecule to molecule, is known as(a) Circulation (b) Conduction (c) Convection (d) Radiation(a) (b)(c) (d)

26 The way heat circulates through liquids and gases is known as

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(a) Circulation (b) Conduction(c) Convection (d) Radiation

27 The way heat moves through the air from warmer objects to cooler ones is known as

(a) Circulation (b) Conduction(c) Convection (d) Radiation

28 Thermal capacitance refers to the ability of materials to store

(a) Electricity (b) Heat(c) Sun light (d) Water vapour

29 Solar energy can be converted directly into electrical energy with the help of

(a) Battery (b) Dry cells(c) Photovoltaic cells (d) Rechargeable cells

30 Photovoltaic system is the technology of solar cells for converting solar energy directly into

(a) electricity (b) heat(c) light (d) magnetism

31 The photovoltaic effect refers to photons of light knocking electrons into a higher state of energy to create

(a) electricity (b) heat(c) light (d) magnetism

32 Solar module/array is the main component of

(a) Solar air heating system (b) Solar Photovoltaic system(c) Solar water heating system (d) None of the above

33 Among renewable energies, solar electric generation has

(a) highest power density (b) lowest power density(c) zero power density (d) none of the above

34 The solar cooker normally used in houses is

(a) Box-type (b) Circular solar cooker(c) Dish-type (d) Reflector-type

35 The transfer of solar energy from the sun to the earth is governed by

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(a) Conduction (b) Convection(c) Radiation (d) Transmission

36 Passive domestic water heating system is also known as (a) Artificial system (b) Forced feed system(c) Thermosyphon system (d) None of the above

37 Solar energy can be used to cook food in a

(a) Gas oven (b) Solar cooker(c) Traditional oven (d) Wood stove

38 Cabinet type solar dryer is suitable for (a) Large scale use (b) Medium scale use(c) Small scale use (d) None of the above

39 Solar ponds are used for collection and storage of (a) Geothermal energy (b) Hydropower(c) Solar energy (d) None of the above

40 Solar gradient is the phenomenon observed in

(a) solar fencing (b) solar light(c) solar pond (d) solar water heater

41 Energizer is used for

(a) solar fencing (b) solar light(c) solar pond (d) solar water heater

42 Solar Energy is the electromagnetic energy emitted by the sun in the form of

(a) Conduction (b) Convection(c) Radiation (d) None of the above

43 The movement of collectors on one axis in order to follow the movement of the sun is called

(a) Axial movement (b) Pivotal movement(c) Rolling (d) Tracking

44 Sunshine recorder measures the duration of

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(a) Bright sunshine (b) Cloudy weather(c) Rainfall (d) None of the above

45 The solar box cooker typically reaches a maximum temperature of

(a) 80-100 °C (b) 100-120 °C(c) 120-140 °C (d) 140-160 °C

46 On sunny days with clear skies, most of the solar radiation is direct beam radiation and diffuse radiation only accounts for about

(a) 520% of the total� (b) 2035% of the total�(c) 3550% of the total� (d) 5065% of the total�

47 The hydrogen content in the Sun atmosphere is about

(a) 80% (b) 60%(c) 40% (d) 20%

48 During Nuclear fusion process, how many hydrogen nuclei fuse to form one helium nucleus?

(a) two (b) four(c) six (d) eight

49 Among renewable energies, solar electric generation has the highest power density with a global mean of

(a) 170 W/m² (b) 270 W/m²(c) 370 W/m² (d) 470 W/m²

50 The solar radiation received per square meter area of the earth surface is

(a) 0.32 KJ/Sec (b) 0.64 KJ/Sec(c) 0.96 KJ/Sec (d) 1.28 KJ/Sec

51 The average intensity of solar radiation received in India is in the range of

(a) 200-350 cal/cm2 (b) 400-700 cal/cm2

(c) 600-1050 cal/cm2 (d) 800-1400 cal/cm2

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Chapter 5Wind Energy

(Weightage: 10%)1 Which of the following is the high wind energy region of India?

(a) Andhra Pradesh (b) Assam(c) Gujarat (d) West Bengal

2 What is wind? (a) Air blowing very fast (b) Air circulating at a point(c) Still air (d) None of the above

3 Wind energy converted into a useful form of energy is called as

(a) Wind direction (b) Wind intensity(c) Wind power (d) Wind velocity

4 Wind is a form of solar energy. Winds are caused by

(a) abrupt heating of the atmosphere (b) uneven heating of the atmosphere(c) uniform heating of the atmosphere (d) none of the above

5 For what purpose wind energy can be used? (a) To draw underground water (b) To generate electricity(c) To operate flour mills (d) All of the above

6 Wind can be used to (a) Draw underground water (b) Generate electricity(c) Operate flour mills (d) All of the above

7 Wind turbine is a rotating machine which converts the kinetic energy of wind into (a) Bio-energy (b) Mechanical energy(c) Thermal energy (d) None of the above

8 Anemometer is used to measure

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(a) Wind direction (b) Wind rotation(c) Wind speed (d) None of the above

9 The instrument used to measure the wind speed is known as

(a) Ammeter (b) Anemometer(c) Dynamometer (d) Voltmeter

10 In vertical axis wind mill, the axis of rotor is perpendicular to the

(a) ground (b) Sun(c) wind direction (d) None of the above

11 In horizontal axis wind turbines the main rotor shaft is pointed towards

(a) Ground (b) Sun(c) Wind (d) None of the above

12 The ratio of power delivered by rotor of wind mill to the maximum power available in the wind is called as

(a) Energy coefficient (b) Gyration coefficient(c) Performance coefficient (d) Rotation coefficient

13 The ratio of the speed at the tip of the rotor to the wind speed is called as

(a) Rotor speed ratio (b) Tip speed ratio(c) Wind speed ratio (d) None of the above

14 With increase in height, wind speed

(a) Decreases (b) Increases(c) Remains same (d) None of the above

15 Wind power plants are required to have a large rotor size for large power output due to

(a) High power density of air stream (b) Low power density of air stream(c) Medium power density of air stream (d) No power density of air stream

16 Which of the following forces act on the blades of wind turbine rotor?

(a) Both drag force and lift force (b) Drag force only(c) Lift force only (d) None of the above

17 Wind mill with Darrious type of rotor is known as

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(a) Horizontal axis machine (b) One directional spinning machine(c) Vertical axis machine (d) None of the above

18 During the day, the surface wind flows

(a) From land to sea (b) From sea to land(c) On the surface of the land (d) On the surface of the sea

19 The main disadvantage of wind power is that (a) (b) (c) (d) (a) It is available only in coastal areas (b) Large land area is required(c) The capacity utilization is less (d) The wind energy systems are noisy

when in operation

20 Wind energy conversion devices based on drag force

(a) Do not depend on the velocity of wind

(b) Move faster than wind

(c) Move slower than wind (d) Move with equal velocity as wind

21 Air density at standard conditions is about

(a) 0.613 kg/m3 (b) 1.226 kg/m3

(c) 1.839 kg/m3 (d) 2.452 kg/m3

22 Minimum wind speed for effective generation of energy from a wind mill should be

(a) 0-5 kmph (b) 5-10 kmph(c) 10-15 kmph (d) 15-20 kmph

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Chapter 6Bio-fuels

(Weightage: 10%)

1 Using conventional technology, first-generation biofuels are made from

(a) Starch (b) Sugar(c) Vegetable oil (d) All of the above

2 Second-generation biofuel production processes use a variety of

(a) Food crops (b) Fruit crops(c) Non food crops (d) Vegetable crops

3 Third generation biofuel is produced from

(a) algae (b) Edible oil(c) Non-edible oil (d) None of the above

4 Bioethanol is mainly produced by the process of

(a) fruit fermentation (b) plant fermentation(c) sugar fermentation (d) vegetable fermentation

5 Ethanol is produced by the process of

(a) Biochemical conversion (b) Biological conversion(c) Chemical conversion (d) Thermo chemical conversion

6 The basic steps for large scale production of ethanol are

(a) Dehydration (b) Distillation(c) Fermentation (d) All of the above

7 Which plant has been cited as a high-yield source of bio-diesel?

(a) Jatropha (b) Mustard(c) Sesame (d) Soya bean

8 Which bio-fuels are called advanced bio-fuels?

(a) First and Second generation (b) First and Third generation

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(c) Second and Third generation (d) None of the above

9 Bio-diesel is produced from oils or fats using the process known as

(a) transaction (b) transesterification(c) transformation (d) transportation

10 Pure biodiesel is referred to as (a) (b) (c) (d) (a) B 0 (b) B 100(c) B 1000 (d) B 10000

11 Oil content in jatropha seed is

(a) 30-40 % (b) 40-50 %(c) 50-60 % (d) 60-70 %

12 How many times more energy per acre Algae can produce in comparision to land crops such as soybean?

(a) 10 times (b) 20 times(c) 30 times (d) 40 times

13 B20 Blends of biodiesel mixed with petroleum hydrocarbon (diesel) can generally be used in unmodified diesel engines in respective proportion of

(a) 20% and 80% (b) 30% and 70%(c) 40% and 60% (d) 50% and 50%

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