Water Managementand

Water Audits

WATER MANAGEMENT

The basic processes of managing water for human use are:– collection– storage– treatment and,– distribution of water.

WATER LEGISLATION

The government set standards for water management and the quality and use of water.

The key players

GOVERNMENT

MUNICIPALS

WATER AUTHORITIES

Are the key players in public water management and they have several policy instruments at their disposal.

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The key players (continued)

The following organizations also can play a key role in water related services.

• Health offices,

• Private potable water companies and,

• Irrigation water committees

The water management instruments

• Water Legistlation• Water pricing• Permits• Fees and fines• Investments in infrastructure• Scientific research• Providing information to the public• Monitoring and evaluation

Why Do We Need Water Management?

• Problems due to water quality and quantity are incresing rapidly not only in Cyprus but also all over the world.

• Large savings are possible with very cost effective WMOs.

• public money should be spent according to the rules and should be used efficiently and effectively.

N. Cyprus water use

76%

24%

Agriculture

Domestic

N. Cyprus has 30 millions m3

water deficit annually

BRAKISH WATER

• Due excessive water pumping underground water in Magosa became brakish.

• In Guzelyurt Area underground water is seriously under threath.

• 20 Years ago mains water was edible in Lefkosa and Magosa.

• At present the water from the mains has poor quality and not enough. (Even in winter season)

WATER MANAGEMENT

• In order to ensure the most efficient use of water in agriculture and domestic sectors we should do water audits.

• A detailed water audit in agriculture sector obtains the background information on the site's soils, plants, sun exposure, slopes, low areas, system type, installation, and much more hard data. It tells us how well a system is working, or in most cases, how poorly, where the problem areas are, and with the results, how to get the existing system to perform at peak using less water.

Irrigation Water Audit

Water auditing is a method of quantifying water flows and quality in systems in order to reduce water usage and save.

Water auditing is a mechanism for conserving water, which will grow in significance in the future as demand for water increases. 

Irrigation Water Audit (continued)

The amount of water a site should be using can be determined if the following data is available.

• Water-use history for the site being audited.

• The type of landscape area.• Evapotranspiration data.

Domestic Sector

A successful water management program depends on a clear and complete understanding of how a facility uses water and the true cost of that water.

Water Audit in Domestic Sector

• Water-use history for the facility being audited.

• The type of facility

• The next step in the water audit involves a close inspection of the system.

Water Use Survey Procedure

Auditing, Leak Detection & Metering

• Water Auditing, Surveys & Reporting

• Leak Detection

• Metering

Goal of Auditing

• Identify, quantify, and verify water losses and costs

• Identify water efficiency resource opportunities

Auditing Information• Building floor plan

• Plumbing drawings

• Facility operating schedules

• Number of employees and visitors

• Maintenance and janitorial schedules

• Lists of water-using equipment

• Number of plumbing fixtures

• Outdoor water use applications, quantity, and schedule

• Prior water and energy surveys

• Water bills for past two years• Anticipated water billing rates

for next two years• Records of actual water use

for last two years• Maps showing location of

each water meter• Recommended flow rates of

water-using equipment

Comprehensive Facility Survey

• Assemble Survey Team– Facility Manager– Utility Engineer– Maintenance Department– Water Utility– Water Management Consultant– Qualified Contractors

Comprehensive Facility Survey

• Perform Detailed Survey– Walk through facility– Compare floorplans/drawings with actual

conditions– Record hours of operation for all water-using

equipment– Verify operating schedule and building

occupants

Comprehensive Facility Survey

• Perform Detailed Survey– Determine the amount of water used by

each plumbing fixture– Measure water used by other water

consuming equipment– Take water meter/submeter readings– Identify direction of water flow and quality

Comprehensive Facility Survey

• Measure/Estimate Water Usage by:– Fixture type– HVAC systems– Irrigation– All other using process/equipment– Losses

Comprehensive Facility Audit

• Identify specific cost effective projects– Lowest Life Cycle Cost– Less than 10 year payback

Water Use Survey Data Forms

l/m=litres per minute

(lpm/day)

Lpm=litres per minute; kW=kilowatts; kPa=kilopascal

(kW) (kPa) (kPa)

Water Leaks

• One drip per second = 10,800 to 12,800 L/yr

• A leaking toilet can waste 80 to 160 litres of water per day.

Finding a water leakUse the water meter to help find leaks.• Turn off all faucets and water-using equipment.• Find the water meter and note the position of the

sweep hand, or use a marker on the lens cover.• Wait 20-30 minutes and check the sweep hand

location again. If the sweep hand has moved, there is probably a leak somewhere in the system.

• Most meters have a red "telltale" indicator. If it is moving when all water is off, there probably is a leak.

Looking for leaks

• A toilet may have a silent leak. Drop a little food coloring into the tank. Wait about 10 minutes without flushing. If color appears in the bowl, the toilet is leaking.

• Replace worn washers in faucets and showerheads to prevent leaks.

Looking for industrial leaks

• Use fluorescent dyes to pinpoint leaks in static and circulating water systems, boilers, storage tanks and other high-volume containers.

• Also use them to locate leaks in piping, valves, condensers, sprinkler system pumps, seams, welds and fittings.

• Add a small amount of fluorescent dye to a system and allow it to circulate. Wherever the water escapes, the dye does too, and it remains at the sites of the leaks.

Looking for industrial leaks

• When the system is scanned with a high-intensity ultraviolet lamp, the dye glows brightly to pinpoint the precise location of every leak.

• Dyes are also useful for preventive maintenance programs because they remain safely in the system and will expose new leaks whenever the system is inspected with the lamp.

Source: www.spectroline.com.

Water Metering and Submetering

Metering

• Importance of Metering

• Level of Metering– Main Facility Meter– Submeters– Temporary Meters