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) 07/11/2011 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation
Water Footprint: Application in the food industry J.B. Bayart
[avniR] – 4 Nov 2011 – Lille
07/11/2011 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation 2
Impacts of water use: a gaining momentum
What we can’t measure, we can’t manage
Damages Inventory Impacts
Aquatic ecotoxicity Ecosystem
quality
Eutrophication
Aquatic Acidification
Oil
Human health
Natural
Resources
Human toxicity
Global Warming
Resources
depletion CO2
Phosphorous
Aluminium
Water
Water
Input
Output
07/11/2011 07/11/2011 3 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation – Sophie Barteau
...
Water pollution
Water Use and Life Cycle Assessment - History
…
…
Inventory
Oil
CO2
Phosphorous
Aluminium
Water
Water
Input
Output
07/11/2011 07/11/2011
Aquatic ecotoxicity Ecosystem
quality
Eutrophication
Aquatic Acidification Human health
Natural
Resources
Human toxicity
Global Warming
Resources
depletion
07/11/2011 4 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation – Sophie Barteau
...
Water Use and Life Cycle Assessment - History
Impacts Damages
…
…
07/11/2011 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation 5 5 5
Milk (1 liter)
1 000 liters
Coffee cup
140 liters
1 Hamburger
2 400 liters
Corn (1 kg)
900 liters
Orange
50 liters
Beef (1 kg)
15 500 liters
Pork (300g)
1 440 liters
Chicken (300g)
1 170 liters
Volume is a very good indicator to raise awareness…
… but not sufficient to represent the impact on water resources
Traditional volumetric approach
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0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
575g of tomato pasta sauce
250g of peanut candies
Ga
llo
n o
f w
ate
r
The production of peanut
candies requires 6 times
more water than the
production of tomato sauce
Volumetric approach
Ridoutt, B.G., Pfister, S., 2010. A revised approach to water footprinting to make transparent the impacts
of consumption and production on global freshwater scarcity. Global Environ, 20 (1), 113-120
Going beyond a volumetric approach
Water Footprint: tomato pasta sauce vs peanut candies
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Ga
llo
n o
f w
ate
r
Volumetric approach
Applying
impact
assessment
factors
Stress-weighted water
footprints
Ga
llo
n-e
q o
f w
ate
r
Going beyond a volumetric approach
Water Footprint: tomato pasta sauce vs peanut candies
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Stress-weighted water
footprints
Ga
llo
n-e
q o
f w
ate
r
Peanut production:
rain fed agriculture Tomatoes are produced in
water stressed areas
Water Footprint: tomato pasta sauce vs peanut candies
Going beyond a volumetric approach
Tomato sauce contributes 10 times more to
freshwater depletion
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Going beyond a volumetric approach
Water Footprint is not (only) a question of the volume of water
used; it should reflect the impact(s) of an activity on water bodies
Take home message n°1
Water Footprint: life cycle impact category indicator reult(s) that assesse(s) the contribution of the system under study to water impact ISO 14046 – Water Footprint – in preparation
10
Several methodologies in development…
Human health Ecosystem quality Resources
Hoekstra
Frischknecht Midpoint
Ridoutt Pfister
Mila-I-Canals Mila-I-Canals
Veolia
Pfister
Bayart
Human health Ecosystem quality Resources
Boulay
Maendly Humbert Boesch
Van Zelm
Endpoint
Pfister
Motoshita
Pfister Pfister
Verones
Hanafiah Motoshita
Ecoinvent Bayart
WFN
GaBi
Inventory
WBCSD Peters
Boulay
Vince
Mila-I-
Canals
Water resource per capita
Seckler
Smakhtin
Falkenmark
Ohlsson
Alcamo
Sullivan
Pfister
Water Poverty Index
Gleick
Raskin
Water indexes
Hoekstra
© Quantis, 2007-2010
Boulay
WFN
Databases Methods
Frischknecht
Boulay
Basic water needs
Water resource per capita
and HDI
Withdrawal to availability
Consumption-to-availability
Veolia
Quantis
WDB
11
Several methodologies in development…
Human health Ecosystem quality Resources
Hoekstra
Frischknecht Midpoint
Ridoutt Pfister
Mila-I-Canals Mila-I-Canals
Veolia
Pfister
Bayart
Human health Ecosystem quality Resources
Boulay
Maendly Humbert Boesch
Van Zelm
Endpoint
Pfister
Motoshita
Pfister Pfister
Verones
Hanafiah Motoshita
Ecoinvent Bayart
WFN
GaBi
Inventory
WBCSD Peters
Boulay
Vince
Mila-I-
Canals
Water resource per capita
Seckler
Smakhtin
Falkenmark
Ohlsson
Alcamo
Sullivan
Pfister
Water Poverty Index
Gleick
Raskin
Water indexes
Hoekstra
© Quantis, 2007-2010
Boulay
WFN
Databases Methods
Frischknecht
Boulay
Basic water needs
Water resource per capita
and HDI
Withdrawal to availability
Consumption-to-availability
Veolia
Quantis
WDB
Different methodologies in development, for different purposes
Take home message n°2
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Example: the Water Impact Index – a simplified water footprint metric
The Water Impact Index accounts for… … the reduction of water resources availability generated by a human activity. It allows evaluating how other water users (both humans and ecosystems) would potentially be deprived from this resource. … expressed in “m3 – Water Impact Index - equivalent”
Application: industrial water management
Functional unit: water management of a food can factory for producing 10 tons of product
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Food production process 1
Food production
process i
Food production process 2
Water treatment process 1
Water treatment process i
RIVER
Factory
Water treatment process 2
Energy; Chemicals
Sludges
Municipal WWTP
Food production process 1
Food production
process i
Food production process 2
System boundaries
Application: industrial water management
Functional unit: water management of a food can factory for producing 10 tons of product
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Water treatment process 1
Water treatment process i
RIVER
Water treatment process 2
Energy; Chemicals
Sludges
Municipal WWTP
Application: industrial water management - results
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Raw water abstraction
is responsible for
water availability
decrease
Application: industrial water management - results
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Water release =
limited decrease of
the Water Impact
Index (quality
degradation)
Raw water abstraction
is responsible for
water availability
decrease
Application: industrial water management - results
07/11/2011 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation 17
Water release =
limited decrease of
the Water Impact
Index (quality
degradation)
Important contribution
of indirect Water
Impact Index
(because of scarcity)
Raw water abstraction
is responsible for
water availability
decrease
Water withdrawal vs Water Impact Index
18
Higher contribution of
chemicals production
(assumed to be produced in
Spain)
Water Scarcity
Spain: WSI = 0.7
Plant location: WSI = 0.2
Food production process 1
Food production
process i
Food production process 2
Application: industrial water management
Wish: implementing water reuse. Is it « water friendly »?
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Water treatment process 1
Water treatment process i
RIVER
Water treatment process 2
Energy; Chemicals
Sludges
Municipal WWTP
Indirect effect: reduction of chemicals and energy consumption
Application: industrial water management
Reduction of direct water
impact index through water
saving…
…but higher benefit from
chemicals and energy
saving! (better leverage for
improvement)
An optimum should be
find between direct water
saving and
energy/chemicals
consumption
Water Footprint is already an operational decision-support tool
Take home message n°3
Combination of decision support tools
07/11/2011 21 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation – Sophie Barteau
« Footprint » combination
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Conclusion
Water Footprint is not (only) a question of the volume of water
used; it should reflect the impact(s) of an activity on water bodies
Take home message n°1
Different methodologies in development, for different purposes
Take home message n°2
Water Footprint is already an operational decision-support tool
Take home message n°3
) 07/11/2011 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation
Thank you for your attention [email protected]
[avniR] – 4 Nov 2011 – Lille