water dossier2

8/9/2019 WATER Dossier2

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WATERSCIENCE

3th grade, primary

ESCOLA COLLSEROLA2010-2011


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Water Material per al professorat

Guia didctica

Science planning WATER

Lesson 1 What you know about water

Objectives Main Teaching Vocabulary /grammar Resources

- To Know thecharacteristic features of the solid and liquidstates of matter.

- Show the students some pictures of rivers, seas, andsnowed mountains, icebergs... and ask them what theythink they are going to be studying. Elicit and give newvocabulary when necessary.

- Bring several different containers with liquid inside, to makethem realize that water takes the shape of its container.

Make them describe what they see in the pictures, later makethem write it down or draw.

Children may come up with sentences like:

We can find water in seas, rivers or oceans.There is snow and ice up in the mountains.Snow is white.Water is clear.Rivers carry water.Some rivers are polluted and others are clean.Water takes the shape of its container.People can lie on water because water pushes up and makes

Sea, river, ocean,liquid, solid, ice,freeze, melt, clear,runny, float.

There is...

- Photos of rivers, sea,snow mountains, ice,different shapedcontainers.

- Activity 1.


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you float.


Lesson 2 Sorting out materials

Learning objectives Main Teaching Vocabulary /grammar Resources

- To sort out materials assolids liquids and gases.

- Tell the students that they are going to sort out the followingmaterials in two groups, solids or liquids. Show them the itemsand introduce new vocabulary if necessary.- Orange juice, book, ice, honey, sugar, milk, oil, chalk, rubber,water, chocolate, scissors, ruler, pencil... Afterwards presentsome items, one by one and ask questions like these:

What is this? It is chalk.Is chalk hard or soft? It is hard

- Hard, soft, light,heavy, rigid, solid,liquid, gas runny, air

- Orange juice, book,table, ice, honey, sugar,milk, oil, chalk, scissorsrubber, water, pencil,chocolate, ruler,- Activity 2


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Can you give me the scientific name to describe this?... Solid, chalk is a solidWhat is this? It is a bottle of water Can you give me the scientific name to describe water?Water is a liquid.

Then let the children carry on the activity on their own. Correctonce finished. Then show them a balloon and pump it up infront of them. Ask them what it is inside. Ask them what air is.Tell them that air is a gas.

- Tell the children how they could represent the 3 states. Askthem why they have represented them in different ways.After that, show them how they are represented in the website.This lesson could be done in the ICT room, to be able to showthem how the states can be represented.

- Primary Resources for interactive whiteboards,science sites, websites,gases, liquids and solids.


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Science planning PLANTS

Lesson 3 Evaporation


- That water evaporatesunder certain conditions.

That when water

- Bring the resources for this investigation, introduce them andask the children: What do you think we are trying to findout? What do you think will happen? What will youmeasure? How will you measure? Then write Evaporationon the blackboard and explain what they are trying to find out.Children start activity 3, then you do the experiment.Pour some water on the frying pan and heat it. The frying panshould be hot enough to make the water sizzle and evaporatequickly.

Evaporate,evaporation, vapour,water vapour, heat,pour, disappear,bubbles, sizzle

Frying pan, cooker, a jugwith water

Activity 3


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evaporates it remains inthe air as a vapour or gas

Ask the children:Where is the water now? In the air.How has it got there? The water boiledSo water has evaporated, it has changed into vapour (gas).The water has disappeared, because we cannot see it, but it isin the room as vapour or gas.Children finish activity 3


Lesson 4 Evaporation


- That when materials dry,evaporation takes place

Ask the children what happens to the water left in a puddleafter it has been raining, does it disappear like the water inthe frying pan? Yes, so does water have to boil toevaporate? No. Children should realise that water evaporatesat all temperatures.Ask the children if they can think of other situations whether evaporation takes place.Exemples: After you have been swimming, the water on your body evaporates, the water on your hair too. We can use a

Puddle, temperatura,wind, blow, heat,hairdryer, tumbledryer.

Activity 4


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hair dryer or let the air and heat dry our hair.We can dry our hands with a hand dryer.Wet clothes are let to dry on a drying line or in a tumble dryer Discuss their ideas with the children and make them drawthem.


Lesson 5 Boiling point


- That the boiling point of pure water is 100C, and that beyond that point,further heating does not result in any further rise intemperature.

- Tell the children that they are going to fill in the chart to findout the boiling point of water. Give them activity 5.- Fill the pan with water and put it on the stove. Ask a child totake the temperature of the water and tell the rest of the classto write it down. Tell them that you are going to heat the water gently and thay they will have to enter the time andtemperature every minute for several minutes, until it reaches10 C. Do not remove the thermometer. Read out thetemperature and let the children write it down.

- Thermometer,boiling point, Celsius

Activity 5, thermometer,pan, stove, timer


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After that, transfer their readings on to a graph.

When they have finishec ask them: What does this line on thegraph tell? It tells the temperature of water as it is heated.

Ask them to predict how the line on the graph will continue andthen put again the pan on the stove and bring the temperatureup to 10 C and carry on rising the temperature until 90 C.Children extend their graphs and compare their prediction withthe results appeared.Ask them to predict what will happen at 100C, accept their predictions without saying which are right or wrong. Leave thewater boiling for a few minutes and measure again thetemperature of the water, stop and leave time for the children

To update their graphs. The line should go up to 100C andthen become horizontal.Discuss with the children that pure water boils at 100C and itis called the boiling point, once boiling point is reached, further heating will not make it hotter.

Ask them: What is happening to water? What can you see?Does water change? Yes, it changes into water vapour; itchanges from liquid to gas.


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Lesson 6 Where is the perfume?


- That water and other liquids evaporate at different rates

- Bring some bottles with different liquids, water, perfume,petrol and fingernail polish.Spray some perfume in the air and ask them:Where is the perfume? In the air, it has evaporated, we cannotsee it but we can smell it. What we smell is the vapour. Vapour has not colour.Ask the children that they are going to find out which liquidevaporates first and ask them what they could do in order tofind out. Ask them to predict which liquid will evaporate first.

Perfume, petrol,fingernail polish,saucers, smell

Water, perfume, petrol,fingernail polish, saucers,container activity 6


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Every group should have a different liquid. Remind them if ithas not come up that the quantities, containers and place mustbe the same in order to carry on a fair test.Ask them how they could show the quantity of liquid that hasdimished. (marking the containers, weighing the liquids).Children should complete the table during the following daysand find out if their predictions were right.


Lesson 7 Condensation


- That condensation is thechanging of gas or vapour into a liquid

- Bring a kettle and place it by the window once is boiling, andask them what they see coming out of the kettle and on thewindow. Children may answer: vapour, steam, water vapour,water. Ask them to imagine they are having a shower in thebathroom in winter and ask them: What happens to the hotwater? It evaporates, What can you see on the mirror andon the walls? Water vapour, so first water evaporates andthen condensates. When water vapour condenses, it turns intoa liquid. Steam turns back into tiny water droplets.

Condensation,condense, water vapour, humid,humidity, mirror,steam, water droplets

Some pictures of condensation


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- Tell the children to breath on to a mirror and ask them whathappens. Condensation must be seen on the mirror when theair comes in contact with a cooler surface.- Ask the children to draw the things we did in the classroom. If there is time ask the children if they can think of other situations where condensation takes place. If they cannot thinkof any, bring a tin in a camping fridge and ask them to observethe condensation on it when a vocabulary takes out the tin.- Glasses steam up with condensation when you come indoorson a cold day.


Lesson 8 Condensation


- To make careful observation and draw conclusions.- To construct a fair test

- Tell the children that they are going to carry on ainvestigation to find out how condensation is formed. Introducethe resources and ask them what do they think will happen.Make them do activity 8 and then in groups do the experiment.Children have to pour warm water in the container, and thenput the cling film covering the container and an ice cub on thecling film. Droplets of water must be formed on the inside of the film where the ice is.- Ask them: Why are droplets of water formed? Because

Cling film A clear sided container,cling film, a jug, warmwater, ice cubs. Activity 8and 9


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water evaporates (turns into gas) and gas turns into water droplets when it gets in contact with a cold surface.

Make the children do activity 9 where they have to draw whatthey did, label and write a few sentences.


Lesson 9 Reversible and irreversible changes


- That melting, freezing,evaporation and condensation arereversible changes

- That there are somechanges that are not reversible

- Ask children:Can ice change into water? Yes, by meltingCan water change into ice? Yes, by freezing, these arecalled reversible changes.Can wheat change into flour? Yes, and Can flour changeinto wheat? No, this is called irreversible change.Write both words on the board and ask the children to givesome more examples. Chocolate melts when heated and goeshard when it cools down. Wood and paper when burnedbecome ash. Some ingredients change completely when

- Reversible,irreversible, melting,freezing

Activity 10


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To explain connectionsbetween the wordsstudied

cooked, eggs, butter.Make the children draw some reversible and irreversiblechanges on activity 10.Tell them to think about evaporation and condensation. Somechildren may say that water changes into water vapour through evaporation, and water vapour changes into water through condensation. After, make them draw a diagram torepresent these changes. Help them if necessary.

Ask the children to read the words given in activity 11 anddraw lines connecting the words to do a concept map. Ask thechildren to give reasons when possible.

Activity 11


Lesson 10 Revision


- To review the unit - Ask the children some questions such as the ones shownbellow to review this topicIs a pen a solid or liquid?Is water a liquid?Is ice a solid?Is orange juice a solid?Can chocolate become a liquid? When?Can water become a solid? When?What happens to water on a puddle? Where is the water

Activity 12


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To explain connectionsbetween the wordsstudied

now?What happens to water when heated?Does water have to boil to evaporate?What is the boiling point?What does freeze mean?What does melt mean?What do you think will happen if we take an ice cube fromthe fridge? Why?What happens if we leave a liquid in an open container?Can anybody tell me an example of a reversible change?Can anybody tell me an example of an irreversiblechange?

- Make the children do activity 12

Activity 11


Lesson 11 Making a poster


- Children take pictures of themselves doing the investigationsin groups and then, they make a poster describing thephotographs.

Cardboard, pencil,crayons, felt tip pens,scissors, glue


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At the end of this unit

Most children will: Describe examples of the main processes associated with water changing state and recognisethat these changes can be reversed; use patterns in data to make predictions.

Some children will not have made somuch progress and will:

Describe how to change water into ice and steam into water; describe a few examples wherethese changes occur..


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Some children will have progressedfurther and will also:

Explain how changing conditions affects processes such as evaporation and condensation,and give reasons for predictions.


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2.2.1.2. Teoria i suport fotogrfic

Matter

All matter is composed of atoms. Atoms consist of a single nucleous surrounded by acloud of electrons. When atoms approach one another closely, their parts interact, andmay bond together to form a molecule.

States

A quantity of matter may have several states (also known as phases), the most familiar being gas, liquid and solid.Changes of state sre not changes to the atoms or molecules themselves, but to theway in which they behave. In a gas, the molecules are free to rush about in anenergetic and ramdom way. In solids they are regimentes, or packed together, and

their movemant is severly restricted. Liquids are in an intermediate state betweengases and solids: the molecules have more freedom of movement than in a solid state,but a lot less than in a gaseous state.Because these changes are physical, not chemical, the same element or compoundmay ocupy any of the three states. The most easily observed example is water, whichsolidifies when it is frozen and evaporates into a gaseous state when it is boiled; but innone of these states is the amount of energy present. Energy is absorbed (in the formof heat) when melting or evaporation occur, and lost (through cooling) whencondensation or freezing occurs.

Evaporation

All substances hold some energy in the form of heat, chich means their moleculesmove about at varying speeds. Most of the molecules in liquid water do not haveenough energy and therefore speed to escape into a gaseous state. But somemolecules on the surface of the liquid collide with others that have sufficient energy toknock them loose, so that they fly off. This contant escape of surface molecules iscalled evaporation.Evaporation speeds up in proportion to temperature because the molecules movefaster, more energetically. As the rise in temperature approches boiling point (100C)some molecules below the surface also break free from those around them and formbubbles of vapour. These bubbles then rise to the surface, and the molecules insideescape into the air as vapour.When liquid water turns to vapour, the water absorbs heat energy without any further rise in its temperature.

Condensation

When air containing water vapour cools, or comes into contact with cooler surfaces, thevapour may condense to form a visible mass of tiny droplets. On the ground, e.g. ongrass or on plants, these droplets form what we called dew. Just above the earthssurface they form fog or mist. Higher in the atmosphere they gather into clouds. Eachof these is the result of the same phenomenon condensation. (1)

(1) Extret de Teacher Background Information. Science Resource Files KS2


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Glossary

Celsius Scale for measuring temperature .

Container something that you can put things in for example, a box or a jar.

Condensate when gas (water vapour) changes into water.

Droplet very small drop.

Evaporate when liquid water changes into gas.

Freeze to change (a liquid) into a solid as a result of a reduction in temperature..

Melt to change (a solid) into a liquid as a result of action of heat.Temperature how hot or cold something is.

Thermometer something that measures temperature.

Student text

Water is usually a liquid. A liquid does not have a shape of its own. It takes theshape of its container. Water can also be a solid piece of ice and steam in theair.Some water in the sea and in ivers evaporates. This means it changes into gas.You cannot see the gas in the air, but you can see the steam. Steam is madewhen water gas turns into tiny water droplets. (1)

(1) Extret de Water i Solids, Liquids and Gases. Angela Royston. Heinemann first Library


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Water

Can be found Can changefrom

Gas to liquid Liquid to gas

It is called

State

gas liquid solid

condensation

It is called

evaporation

2.2.1.3. Mapa de continguts


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2.2.1.4. Seqenciaci

Tema: Water rea: angls, medi naturalNivell: 4t de primriaDurada: 14 sessions (3 sessions setmanals) aproximadament.

Water

Lesson 1 What do you know about water? 1 hour

Lesson 2 Sorting out materials 1 hour

Lesson 3 Evaporation: Our Scientific Investigation 1 hour

Lesson 4 Evaporation 1 hour

Lesson 5 Boiling Point 1 hour

Lesson 6 Where is the perfume? 2 hours

Lesson 7 Condensation 1 hour

Lesson 8 Condensation: Our scientific investigation 1 hour

Lesson 9 Reversible and Irreversible changes 2 hours

Lesson 10 Revision 1 hour

Lesson 11 Making a poster 2 hours

2.2.2. Material per a lalumnat


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Activity 1

What you know about water


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Activity 1

Where we can find water

How we can find water

Activity 2


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Draw and label

States

Solid Liquid Gas

Represent the states

Solid Liquid gas


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Activity 3

What we needed

What we did

What we predicted

What happened


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Activity 4

Examples of evaporation


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Activity 5

Measuring water temperature

Time 1 minutes minutes minutes minutes minutes minutes minutes minutes

TemperatureDegreesCelsius


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Activity 6

Evaporation of liquids?

Day Time Water (ml) Perfume (ml) Fingernail polish (ml) Petrol (ml)

My prediction


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Activity 7

What we needed

What we did

What we predicted

What happened


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Activity 8

What we needed

What we did


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What we predicted

What happened


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Activity 8

Melting ice

Water Number of Ice cubes:Number of Ice cubes:

Number of Ice cubes:

Number of Ice cubes:

TemperatureDegreesCelsius


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Activity 9

Draw what happened

Write your conclusion


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Activity 10

Reversible and irreversible changes


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Activity 11

Concept map

Water evaporate condensate liquid gas solid

Water vapour ice melt freeze


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Activity 12

Read the sentences. They are True or false

True/T False/F

1. A pencil is a solid

2. Water boils at 100C

3. Water is a liquid

4. Ice is a solid

5. Liquid turns into a solid when evaporating

6. Hot chocolate is a solid

7. Water only evaporates when it is hot

8. Water evaporates when it is hot or cold

9. Air is a gas

10.Water takes the shape of its container

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