WATERBORNE DISEASES

PRESENTED BY:

Srutisudha Mohanty2014MSES018

Department of Environmental Science

What is waterborne diseases?

• Water-borne diseases are any illness caused by drinking water contaminated by human or animal faeces, which contain pathogenic microorganisms.

Classification of diseases related to water

Water-borne Diseases

Water-based Diseases

Water-washed Diseases

Water-related Diseases

• Diseases caused by ingestion of water contaminated by human or animal excrement, which contain pathogenic microorganisms.

• Include cholera, typhoid, amoebic and bacillary dysentery and other diarrheal diseases.

Water-borne Diseases

Diarrheal Diseases Giardiasis (Protozoan) Cryptosporidiosis (Bacteria) Campylobacteriosis (Bacteria) Shigellosis (Bacteria) Viral Gastroenteritis (Virus) Cyclosporiasis (Parasite)

• In addition, water-borne disease can be caused by the pollution of water with chemicals that have an adverse effect on health

Diarrheal Disease Pathways

Water-related Diseases

• Water-related diseases are caused by insect vectors, especially mosquitoes, that breed or feed near contaminated water.

• They are not typically associated with lack of access to clean drinking water or sanitation services

• Include dengue, filariasis, malaria, onchocerciasis, trypanosomiasis and yellow fever

Water-washed Diseases• Diseases caused by poor personal hygiene and skin and eye

contact with contaminated water.• These include scabies, trachoma, typhus, and other flea, lice

and tick-borne diseases.

Water-based Diseases• Diseases caused by parasites found in intermediate

organisms living in contaminated water.• Includes Schistosomiasis and Dracunculiasis

LIST OF DISEASES

• Local temperatureReplication in the environment or associated with food productsPersistence• Local rainfallLoading into the environment (contamination)Increased concentration of contaminants (drought)• Sea level riseInflux of marine pathogensFlooding (storm surge), contamination

HOW CLIMATE CAN INFLUENCE WATER BORN DISEASE TRENDS

(A CASE STUDY)

• Vibrio are commonly estuarine and marine bacteria and include at least 12 known pathogens to humans

• V. vulnificus• V. parahaemolyticus• V. cholerae• In general, this group replicates easily in natural waters

and biota, especially under high temperatures• Directly related to increasing water temperatures

Vibrio spp.

:Lobitz et al., 2000

Fig.3.Bay of Bengal Sea Surface Temperatures for 1993 Fig. 6. Cholera cases (solid

line), SST (dashed), and SSH (dotted) data for September, 1992–1995. In 1994 and 1995, cholera cases followed the SST cycle; however,in spring, 1993, SSH was the lowest for this period.

• Climate projections for increased warming and increased extreme events suggest waterborne diseases may increase.

• Mitigation and adaptation will be enhanced by understanding the ecology of pathogens.

GLOBAL LEVEL PREVENTION

COMMUNITY LEVEL PREVENTION

INDIVIDUAL LEVEL PREVENTION