waste prevention as a future option monika olsson industrial ecology/kth [email protected] june...

Waste Prevention Waste Prevention as a future optionas a future option

Monika OlssonIndustrial Ecology/KTH

[email protected]

June 2009 Monika Olsson/Industrial Ecology

Trends in waste and GDPTrends in waste and GDP


Gross Domestic Product (GDP), real GDP and real Gross National Income (GNI)(Sweden)Source: SCB

kg MSW/Capita (Sweden)Source: Avfall Sverige

What do we consume?What do we consume?

Products!


How much?How much?


426.000 every day

2 millionevery 5 min

60.000 every 5 sec

What is the course of the What is the course of the problem?problem?

More peopleConsumption behaviourEconomical growthAttitudesNew products (“wants”, “needs”)

– new materials


…….leading to.leading toWaste of natural resourcesEnergy consumptionHazardous compoundsLandfills – landfill gas, leachate


Landfill-09Monika OlssonIndustrial Ecology

Small scale

Dumping sites

On water

“Safe” landfills

Hazardous waste

……more problemsmore problems

Odour


Flies, birds, rats


Health – waste pickers


Solution?

Incineration?Incineration? Energy recovery Volume reduction – vol 1/10, weight ¼ Transformation

Residues:Bottom ash – construction material Flue-gas – fly ash (hazardous waste)


2009Monika Olsson, Industrial Ecology/KTH

Flue gas

Expensive

Amount

Composition

Residues

2009 Monika Olsson/Industrial Ecology

Recycling – YES!Recycling – YES!Recovery or reuse of productsRecycling of materialEnergy recovery

Feb 2006 Industrial Ecology/MO

Problems with recyclingProblems with recyclingHazardous compounds (mercury,

lead, flame retardants etc)- working environment

Feb 2006Industrial Ecology/MO

Feb 2006 Industrial Ecology/MO

Problems with recyclingProblems with recyclingHazardous compounds (mercury, lead,

flame retardants etc)- working environment

Building up a system (the “waste” is wanted)

Recycling = increased consumption?

Quality of new product

Not always environmentally favourable

Solutions?Solutions?

Prevent the Waste from being Generated!!



PreventionPreventionQuantity = Avoidance Quality = homogenous, non

hazardous

Prevention ≠ Recirculation


Why?Why?Reduces amounts of raw material input

Reduces amounts of energy use

Reduction in toxicity = lower costs of treatment

Less waste being processed = saves:- energy costs- waste storage space- transport costs- administrative costs- lower emissions


Prevention! But how?Prevention! But how?Substitution of raw material and substances

– CFCs, homogenous material, biodegradable

Storage – old or wrongly stored

Optimizing, controlling and substitution of processes for production - effective usage of material, less wastage

Education of personnel - render environmental awareness

Change the product (LCA) – less waste before, during and after production, Eco-Design

10 GR

material

information/structure

protect

housekeeping

Conrad Luttropp

• Don’t use TOXIC substances and arrange closed loops for necessary but toxic ones.

• Minimise energy and resource consumption in production phase and transport through HOUSEKEEPING.

• Use structural features and high quality materials to minimise WEIGHT ..in products…if not interfering with necessary flexibility, impact strength or functional priorities.

• MINIMISE energy and resource consumption in the usage phase, especially for products with most significant aspects in the usage phase.

• Promote repair and upgrading, especially for SYSTEM dependent products

Conrad Luttropp

• Promote LONG LIFE for products….. especially for products with most significant environmental aspects OUT of usage phase.

• Invest in better materials, surface treatments or structural arrangements to PROTECT products from dirt, corrosion and wear, giving long life and minimised maintenance.

• PREARRANGE upgrading, repair and recycling trough access ability, labelling, modules, breaking points, manuals.

• Promote upgrading, repair and recycling by using few, SIMPLE, recycled, not blended materials and no alloys.

• Use as FEW joining elements as possible and use screws, adhesives, welding, snap fits, geometric locking etc. according to the life cycle scenario.

Conrad Luttropp

Good examples!Good examples!Companies:

- Unilever- ICA (food store) - IKEA

Municipalities (weight based taxes, information)

Governmental policies (EU directive)Extended producer responsibility

(fees)Research and help to SME


2005-02-16Monika OlssonIndustrial Ecology

ECOPROFIT project/GrazECOPROFIT project/Grazwww.eaue.de/winuwd/52.htm

Attempts to offer small and mid-sized enterprises (SMEs) consultative and financial support in order to pursue integrated environmental management practices and to switch to cleaner production methods

System Approach of System Approach of RecyclingRecyclingCase: Hammarby Sjöstad

(Stockholm) http://www.hammarbysjostad.se/


June 2009Monika Olsson/Industrial Ecology

Collection of MSWCollection of MSW


DiscussionDiscussionWhat is the core problem for Waste prevention?

How can it be done by you, the municipality/region/companies. What is preventing the change? Can the problems be overcome?

Waste prevention: Consumption and generation What does the relationship between consumption and waste generation look like

in your country -What is the trend of consumption? Who consumes what? What is the trend of waste generation? What are the major components of the waste stream?

What are the factors behind the current trend of consumption? What are the factors behind the current trend of waste generation?

Develop an approach for a sustainable consumption society that would result in reduction of waste generation (What issues should be included? Who are the stakeholders? What measures should be taken? What kind of conflicting interests can manifest? What are the best mechanisms to create optimal solutions? What are the challenged and opportunities?)

Hammarby modelProblems with this modelWhat is needed in order to implement it – imagine you want to implement it in your living district.Stakeholders? Conflict interests


waste prevention as a future option monika olsson industrial ecology/kth [email protected] june...

Documents

environment slide

ecodesign slide

favourable slide

sec slide

industrial ecologymo

avfall sverige slide

waste prevention

industrial ecologymo