waste management practices and r&ds on wte in korea · waste management practices and r&ds...

Air & Waste Engineering Laboratory

YONSEI UNVIERSITY

2016 1885

Waste Management Practices and

R&Ds on WtE in Korea

Prof. Yong-Chil Seo

1 Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Korea

[email protected]

2016 WTERT

Global Meeting Oct. 6-7, New York

Main Ref. : Past, present and future of waste management in Korea

by W-S Yang & Y-C Seo, JMCWM (2015)

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10163-014-0301-7

YONSEI UNVIERSITY Air & Waste Engineering Laboratory

Technology of thermal energy production and solid refuse fuel using mixing waste of low calorific value (w/Forcebel, Posco

E&C, Institute for Advanced Engineering)

Gasification of fluff type SRF from household waste (w/Samho Enviro-Tech Inc., Institute for Advanced Engineering)

The Development of innovative gasification technology with tar free and purified product gas for MSW-RDF

(Korea-India R&D Program, w/Chogen Powers Ltd., Samho Enviro-Tech Inc., Institute for Advanced Engineering)

Development of the integrated treatment technology for high mercury content wastes (w/ Eco-Recycling Co., Ltd.)

Estimation on natural emission of long range transported mercury and assessment of contributions by anthropogenic

emission between surrounding nations (w/Seoul National Univ., Ajou Univ., Kangwon National Univ. & GIST)

Development of Mercury Recovery and Waste Management System in Korea (MOE)

Feedstock Thermal Treatment Energy Emission Control

Waste

Sludge

Waste Oil

Low-grade Fuel

Organics

Pyrolysis/Gasification Vitrification

Oil production

Combustion

Oxy-fuel

Syngas

Syngas

Oils

HAPs

POPs

Hg

CO2 Capture

Byproduct Recovery

Slag Ash (Slag + Ash) Char

Light foamed ceramics

Sand Blaster Anti-sliding agent

Interlocking bricks Adsorbent Secondary fuel

Tiles

Clay bricks

Current Projects and Feature of R&Ds in AWEL, Yonsei Univ.


YONSEI UNVIERSITY

1. Historical review and status on waste management

2. Major waste management policies and systems

3. Waste to energy technologies

Content

4. Conclusion


YONSEI UNVIERSITY

4 1. Historical review and status on waste management

History of legislation for waste management in Korea

Source: Waste resources management, University of Seoul

<General Waste Management>

Filth &

Cleaning law

First

Amend.

Second

Amend.

<Industrial Waste Management>

Environmental

Pollution

Prevention Law

Individual

Environmental

Protection Law

Environ.

Protection

Law

General / Industrial Waste

Integrated Management

Waste Management

Law

Present Amendment Amendment

Act on Treatment of Livestock Manure & Wastewater and Sewage(1991.3)

(1999.12) (1995.08) (1992.12) (1991.03)

Act on Waste Migration (Basel Convention) (1992.12) (Infections Waste

Management)

Act on Resource Saving and Recycling Promotion:

RSRP (1992.12)

Act on Waste Treatment Facilities Promotion and Support

Surrounding Area (1995.01)

Third

Amend. Abolition

(1961) (1973) (1979) (1982) (1986)

(1986. 12) Integration of general waste

and industrial waste

*General, Manure, and General

Specific industrial waste Abolition

(Part of Industrial

Waste)

Amendment Amendment

Strengthen

Responsibility of

Waste Producers

• General Waste,

Industrial Waste:

General &

Hazardous Waste

• Volume Based

Tipping System

• Separate

Collection of

Recyclables

(Manure)

Amendment of Act

on RSRP : EPR

System (2003)

Act on

Construct

Waste (05)

Act on

WEEE &

ELVs (’08)

- 3Rs and

R.C.Soc.

- WtE (‘08)

- Urban

Mining

Main Ref: Past, present and future of waste management in Korea




YONSEI UNVIERSITY


Source: Environment statistics yearbook, Korean Ministry of Environment

Waste generation and treatment in Overall(‘82 ~ ‘14)

> 90%

Landfill

> 80%

Recycle





YONSEI UNVIERSITY



Treatment of Household waste (‘82 ~ ‘14)





YONSEI UNVIERSITY


7

Overall

Estimation of greenhouse gas reduction (by WARM, USEPA)

+25K TCO2E/day to -80K TCO2E/day : Accounts

GHG emission from 10 commercial power plants


27.7 27.6 31.0 31.6 33.7

36.9 40.1

42.9 44.8 47.6

39.1

31.4

15.1 11.3 12.1

16.6 10.7 10.3 8.4 7.9 7.8 7.4 7.3 6.0 5.1 5.3 4.9 4.7 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.3 3.1

0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 1.7 1.8 2.8 3.2 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8 4.8 5.0 2.4 4.2 4.5 4.5 4.8 5.7 5.2 5.3

-2.3 -1.7 -4.2 -5.6 -7.3 -8.0 -10.1 -12.9

-16.1 -19.6 -17.3

-22.4 -25.7

-30.6

-71.9

-81.5

-90.4 -88.8 -95.0

-99.6 -101.2 -104.8

-101.5 -102.0

-90.5

-77.0

-88.4 -94.2 -91.8

-84.9

-94.0

-74.1 -70.5

25.5 26.1 26.9 26.3 26.6 29.1 30.5 30.3 29.3 28.2 22.0

9.2

-10.4

-19.0

-59.4 -63.2

-77.8 -75.7

-83.5 -88.0 -89.7

-93.7 -90.4 -91.2

-80.4

-69.2

-79.4 -84.9 -83.3

-76.4

-84.7

-65.6 -62.1

-120.0

-100.0

-80.0

-60.0

-40.0

-20.0

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

20

11

2012

2013

2014

1,0

00

TC

O2E

/da

y

Landfill Incineration Recycling Sum


YONSEI UNVIERSITY

Establishment of 1st Comprehensive Plan of Waste Management, 1993

Revision of Plan, 1996

(Revised 1st Comprehensive Plan, 1996 – 2001)

Establishment of 2nd Comprehensive Plan of Waste Management, 2002

Enacted new legislation

Volume-rate garbage treatment system

Acceleration of local self-governing system

Change in waste characteristics/classification

Improvement of 1st plan

Reduction of waste generation

Maximum of waste recycling

Settling resource circulation waste management

Additional Comprehensive Plan on Waste to Energy

with Settling Resource Circulation Society , 2008

Increase waste values and advance in facilities

Resource circulation society with Zero waste, EPR

Waste to Energy as main portion of renewable Energy

Waste = Resource, 4R Policy, Urban mining

Act on Recycling WEEE and ELVs (2008)

8 2. Major waste management policies and systems

Comprehensive plans of waste management since 1993


YONSEI UNVIERSITY

1994

1.33

kg/day/person

2004

1.03

kg/day/person

Reduction of Generation

Saving cost of transportation and landfill

: about 6 billions $

Households buy Bags (priced) from supermarkets. Price of a bag by volume will be determined

by local governments depending on the cost of waste handling. (fractionally supported by govs.)

Source: Korean Ministry of Environment

9

Volume Based Tipping System (1995.1~ )

Volume Based Tipping System(1995.1~ )



YONSEI UNVIERSITY


Setting of Obligatory

Total Recycling Amount

(Ministry of

Environment)

Enforcement Agency

(Korea Resource Recovery

and Reutilization

Corporation >>> KEC)

Selected Items Producer Recycling

Operator

Selected Items Secondary

Market Consumer

Distribution

Dealer

Product

Product

Waste

Collection,

Selection

Waste

Contract on

consigned

Fund support

Transfer

Waste recycling

Performance

management

Performance management

Target amount Reports of total operation

Reports of obligatory recycling

Acting obligatory

recycling

Share of expenses

Contract on consigned

Fund support

Purchase

Demand of

Taking over

10

EPR (Extended Producer Responsibility) System (2003.1~ )



YONSEI UNVIERSITY


3

6

9

12

(%)

’07 ’13 ’20 (year) ’30

• For achieving to supply the share of national renewable energy (6.08 and 11% in 2020 and 2030,

respectively), still around 70% of renewable energy would be supplied by utilizing waste and biomass to energy

• Waste to Energy has been in situation of main fraction in renewable Energy in Korea

Background : Target of renewable energy portion in Korea

11

WtE Plants were constructed by Integrated WM Policy since 1990

New Waste to Energy Plan to Expand Renewable Energy (2008- )



YONSEI UNVIERSITY


‘07 ‘13 ‘20

1.9%(220 thousands ton) 33%(3.8 millions ton) 100%(12 millions ton)

Year

WtE rate for

Recyclables

‘13

1.8 millions ton

‘20

‘13

2.0 millions ton

‘20

7.9 millions ton

Combustible>> RDF

Organic >> Biogas

3.8 millions ton

12

Comprehensive plan on waste to energy (2008-2020)



YONSEI UNVIERSITY

13 2. Major waste management policies and systems


Establishment of Resource Circulation Society Increase of Recycling Rate by WtE and other Activities(Waste = Resource)

Zero Landfill (3 % by 2020)

Enactment of “Resource Circulation Law” (June, 2016. Effective from 2018)

& Amendment of Other Related Regulations

Maximum

Securement of

Recycled Resources

Support of Recycling

Business & Market

Creation

Expansion of

Recycling

Infrastructure

• EPR Items Expansion

• Free Collection to Door by

Call for WEEE

• Fund Establishment for RCS

(Landfill Tax etc.)

• Moderating Regulations and

Market Support

• Trade Center for Recycled

Products

• Demand Expansion of

Recycled Resources

• Establishment of Resource

Circulation Complexes

• Expansion of WtE Facilities

and R&Ds Support for WtE

Technologies

New waste management policy Strategy and Actions for Establishing Resource Circulation Society


YONSEI UNVIERSITY

14 3. Waste to energy technologies

Waste to energy: Most of incineration plants constructed since 1990.

Comprehensive plan on Waste to Energy in 2008.

Materials of waste generated in home and industries – recycling : valuables

Waste converting to energy – Producing different types of energy or fuels

Waste = Resource

Category of waste and energy conversion

Combustible waste (paper, vinyl, plastic, wood, etc)

Organic waste (Food waste, sewage sludge, etc)

Max. utilization of heat in

incineration (paper, vinyl, plastic, wood etc)

Electricity from

Landfill gas

Industrial

Waste gas

Solid fuel (SRF)

production

High calorific value

Combustible waste

2,500 ~ 3,500 Kcal/kg

Solid fuel

4,500 ~ 5,000 Kcal/kg

(Anthracite 4,600

Kcal/kg)

Characteristics of waste

Biogas fuel

production

Heat, electricity

production

Heat, electricity production

Vehicle fuel(oil refinery)

Heat, electricity

production


YONSEI UNVIERSITY


MSW Incinerators in operation : ~200 plants, ~16,800 tons/day

- Most of incineration plants have been constructed from 1990 to 2005.

- Less generation of electricity with low efficiency of energy conversion.

- Replacement period is coming so planning is needed.

Gasification plans in operation : 10 plants, ~700 tons/day (const. in ’03-’08)

- A few plants for MSW in the beginning of 2000, less efficient, no electricity.

SRF (RDF) : 19 plants (constructed in ~’08: 100 tons/day, ’08~ : 5,440 tons/day)

- Based on the plan on WtE in 2008, SRF manufacturing plants planned

- But many troubles followed so some are delayed or cancelled.

- Several power plants have been constructed and planned.

Bio-gas from organic wastes: 61 plants (140MWe capacity – 13,000 tons/day)

- Mainly electricity generation with low efficiency. Less utilization as vehicle fuel.

- More biogas plants under construction to treat food waste and leachate.

- Struggling to resolve operational problems and odor reduction.

Utilization of landfill gas : 21 locations (154MWe capacity)

- Pushing to construct electricity generation plant at all locations.

- Efficiency is very low, but CO2 reduction can be achieved. Source: Environment statistics yearbook, Korean Ministry of Environment

Status on Commercial Plants of Waste to Energy


YONSEI UNVIERSITY


R&D status and budget of KETEP(Ministry of Industry)

Field Subject number Private share Support of

government

Bio 163 56,880 126,876

Waste 97 88,373 71,591

Unit: one million won ‘88 ~ ’13 R&D cost

Source: http://www.ketep.re.kr/home/information/information08_4.jsp?flag=4


YONSEI UNVIERSITY


R&Ds on WtE Technology Development (KEITI: MOE)


YONSEI UNVIERSITY

Period : 2012 ~ 2013

Place : Goisan, Chungbook, Korea

Capacity : 1 ton/day

Period : 2015 ~

Place : Hwasung, Gyunggi, Korea

Capacity : 1 ton/day

Institution : Yonsei Univ.

Capacity : Lab Scale

Period : 2009 ~ 2011

UPGRADE

• New Project Started : 2015 ~ 2018

• Production of Transportation Oil from Biomass by Upgrading Technology

• Capacity : 1 ton/day, Design of 100 tons/day Plant

3. Waste to energy technologies -KETEP (Ex: Oil from Biomass)


YONSEI UNVIERSITY

3. Waste to energy technologies(Ex: Gasification of waste)

Gasification with less tar generation (Pilot plant: 8 tons/day)

Commercial Scale Plant (80 tons/day) is under design


YONSEI UNVIERSITY

20 4. Conclusion

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Filth &

Cleaning

Law

Waste

Management

Law (86)

Acts on

Recycling (92-95):

Resource Saving

and Recycling

Promotion RSRP)

Amend RSRP (03)

Act on WEEEs

and ELVs (08)

RCS Law Passed

(2016)

Change in

Classification

(92-95)

Volume Base

Tipping (95)

EPR (03)

4Rs, WtEnergy,

Urban Mine

(08)

Waste = Resource

= Money

Zero Landfill (20)

Cleaning/Protection-86 Integrated Waste Management -2002 Resource Circulation Society (RCS) - 2020

Systematic

Management

Landfill 95% (83) 45% (95) 16% (03) 9% (11) 3% (20)

Recycle 3.5% (83) 49% (95) 74% (03) 83% (11) 87% (20)

[email protected]

Greenhouse Gas(GHG) Reduction by such efforts for effective Waste Management by 30 years

(‘82 – ’12) is accounted more than GHG emission from more than 10 commercial power plants

Around 20% of waste is converting to energy with appropriate technologies and still some

R&Ds on advanced technologies are being conducted for better efficient conversions.

Waste to Energy Laboratory

YONSEI UNVIERSITY

1 WTE Center, Yonsei : Human Resource Development Project

Project Overview

Project Title : Human Resource Development Project for Waste to Energy (KEITI, MOE)

Project Period : 2010. 3. 1 ~ 2016. 2. 28, Leader: Prof. Yong-Chil Seo

Project Fund : 0.4 M$ /year (6 yrs: 2,4M$)

Project Organization

Faculty : 7 professors, 1 research professor, 2 post doctors, 1 adm. staff

Academy-Government-Industry Research Network

- Wonju city local government, Korea association of waste to energy technology

- 8 WtE industry companies (including 4 local industry companies)

Main Objective Educating graduate students to environmental experts on waste (biomass) to energy (WtE).

Supply experts in WtE to Industries.

Building up of global networks (WTERT) and encouraging international research exchange

programs

Good News !!! KETEP Announced Yesterday !!

WTE Center will be continued by getting a new GRANT from KETEP

(Ministry of Industry) for 5 years from next month for 5 years.

New Leading Professor : Prof. Hang S CHOI

Same Project but more fund 0.5 M$/yr for 5 years

Waste to Energy Laboratory

YONSEI UNVIERSITY WTERT Korea WEBSITE

YONSEI UNVIERSITY Air & Waste Engineering Laboratory

24

Acknowledgement; This work is supported by Korea Ministry of Environment(MOE) as 『Waste-to-Energy Technology Development

Project』 and the KIST Institutional Program (2014 India-Republic of Korea Joint Applied R&D Programme).

Contact or Questions to ; Professor Yong-Chil Seo, Dept. of Environ. Eng., Yonsei University, Korea

Former President, Korea Society of Waste Management (KSWM). [email protected]

Main Ref. : Past, present and future of waste management in Korea by W-S Yang & Y-C Seo, JMCWM (2015)

Thank You for Your Attention

mailto:[email protected]


waste management practices and r&ds on wte in korea · waste management practices and r&ds...

Documents