waste auditing 101. what direction are you going?
TRANSCRIPT
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WASTE AUDITING 101
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WASTE AUDITING 101
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What Direction Are You Going?
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What is a Waste Audit?
An inventory of solid waste practices1. Generation 2. Collection3. Composition4. Reduction5. Reuse6. Recycling7. Composting8. Purchasing
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Why Perform Waste Audits?
• Lower disposal costs
• Lower purchasing costs
• Revenue from recovered materials
• Improved public image
• Improved employee moral
• Less internal theft
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When to Perform Waste Audits?
• A typical time period (week) that can be used to project monthly and yearly waste patterns.
• Avoid holidays, unusual work flows (either heavy or light) vacations, start-up or close downs.
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Where to Perform Waste Audits?
• On-site – (Can’t be done from an office)
• Collection points before pick-up• Dumpster and compactors before
service• Recycling areas• Purchasing
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Who Should Perform Waste Audits?
• Waste audits do not require advanced degrees
• Waste audits do not require certification
• Waste audits do not require specialized equipment
• Waste audits are not rocket science
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Preparing for the Waste Audit
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Meet with the primary contact
• Go over the procedure• Schedule a normal week• Get list of contacts with phone numbers
Custodial staff
Purchasing
Waste hauler
Recycler
Lawn Maintenance
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Walk or drive the entire facility
• Get maps of the facility and layout of the buildings
• Chart location and size of dumpsters/compactors
• Visually sample waste composition
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Meet with the waste hauler
• Get a copy of the service contract if possible
• Get a copy of the rate schedule
• Get a copy of the pick-up schedule
• Arrange to meet the driver on the first pickup day
• Arrange for extra dumpster at the waste sort location
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Meet with the Recycler
• Determine what materials are recycled and how they are prepared
• Get copies of any recycling education materials.
• Get a copy of the collection schedule• Get a copy of the weight or volume of
recyclables collected• Get revenue figures (if possible) for
recyclables sold.
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Prepare for the waste sort
• Determine how many different waste streams are generated
• Determine what recycling markets are available
• Reserve an area to conduct the waste sort • Determine the number of samples needed
and the number of sort categories needed• Assemble sort equipment (scale, table, tarps,
containers, safety equipment)
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Make travel arrangements
• Motel reservations
• Parking/entry permits
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Document Preparation
• Create spreadsheet for waste generation
• Create spreadsheet for waste sort
• Create a spreadsheet for recycling
• Camera for photos
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Conducting the Waste Audit
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Record Waste Generation• Dumpsters - Estimate the volume of each
dumpster just before it is emptied (use percent full to make the estimate) and record volumes.
• Compactors - Record the time, get the percent of capacity (if available), and record the scale weight for each compactor emptied.
• Talk to the custodial staff and determine when waste is taken to each dumpster. Also determine if there are “peak trash” periods during the week, month, or year.
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2-Yard Dumpster 130% full
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3-Yard Dumpster
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Dumpster Volume Estimating
Yard Capacity = Height x Width x Depth
27
Estimate = Average Height of Trash
Height of Dumpster
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Determine Waste Composition
• Determine the types of waste streams based on visual inspection of dumpsters and the function of buildings contributing to the dumpster
• Collect and stage samples for sorting
• Schedule waste sort, set up equipment, and coordinate volunteers if available
• Conduct the waste sort and record the results
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Collecting Samples
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Staging Samples
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Sorting One Bag at a Time
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Sorting Off of a Conveyor
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Multiple Person Sorting
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Weighing the Waste Materials
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Disposal of Waste Materials
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Calculating Waste Composition
Materials Weight Total Pct.
Paper 3.5 12 29%
Cardboard 2 12 17%
Alum. Cans 1 12 8%
Containers 1.5 12 13%
Non-Recyclable 4 12 33%
TOTAL 12 12 100%
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Applying Waste PercentagesBased on 892 yards per week
Materials Pct. Yds/wk Yds/year
Paper 17% 152 7,582
Cardboard 3% 27 1,338
Alum. Cans 2% 18 892
Containers 6% 54 2,676
Non-Recyclable 72% 642 32,112
TOTAL 100% 892 44,600
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Observe Reduction and Reuse Possibilities
• What items are being discarded that could be reused?
• What items are being discarded that could be eliminated through better purchasing?
• What Items are being discarded that could be eliminated through different behavior?
• Look over the source reduction checklist for possibilities.
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Record Recycling Diversion
• Follow the recycler and estimate the volume of materials collected. Record the type and volume of each material collected.
• Look for possible efficiencies in collecting recyclables
• Ask questions along the recycling route to determine the attitude of workers about recycling.
• Establish a flow chart of how recyclables are moved
from the work areas to the collection truck.
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Collecting Recyclables
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Loading Recyclables
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Storing Recyclables
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Transporting Recycling Containers
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Processing Recyclables
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Yardwaste
• Meet with the grounds superintendent or yard waste service contractor
• Determine how yardwaste is disposed.
• If yardwaste is bagged and disposed, estimate the disposal fee.
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UMR Compost Facility
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Purchasing
• Meet with purchasing staff and determine what criteria is used for purchases, if recycled content is considered, and How much, if any, is discounted for recycled material products.
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Writing the Reportand
Making the Presentation
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Introduction
• The scope of work proposed
• Time period of audit
• Why the audit was conducted
• Credit to any funding agency
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Waste Generation
• Description of internal waste collection
• What level of service is currently contracted (# of dumpsters or compactors, pulls/wk, and fees).
• Actual waste generation during the auditing period
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Waste Generation Chart
Waste Capacity and Actual Volumes 2/4-2/8
0102030405060708090
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thrusday Friday
Cu
bic
Ya
rds
Capacity Actual
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Waste Composition
• Why waste composition is important
• Methodology for waste sorts
• Waste sort results in percentage of waste generated
• Comparison to similar industries.
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Waste Composition Chart
Waste Composition
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Academic/Administrative Recreation/Special Event Residence Halls Campus Total
Paper Glass Alum. Plas. CB Trash
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Same Data – Different Chart
Waste Composition
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Academic/Administrative Recreation/Special Event Residence Halls Campus Total
Paper Glass Alum. Plas. CB Trash
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Composition Comparison Charts
Academic Waste Composition by Volume
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
Cardboard
Mixed Paper
Plastic
Aluminum
Non- Recyclables
SMSU MU SEMO UMR
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Current waste reduction, reuse, recycling, and composting activities
• List the efforts to reduce waste
• List reuse activities that affect waste generation
• List recycling activities and the amount of material currently recycled
• List composting activities
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Purchasing policies that affect waste generation
• List purchasing policies that could affect the amount of waste generated
• List the steps being taken by purchasing to reduce waste generation.
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Provide a financial audit of the cost to collect and dispose of waste
• List the total cost for disposal
• List the cost of reducing, reusing, recycling, and composting waste
• List any revenues received from recovered materials
• List any gains from waste to energy activities
• List any savings (probably estimated) gained from waste reduction and proactive purchasing activities.
• List net cost for disposal and recycling (if applicable)
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Provide recommendations to reduce waste and/or reduce waste disposal
costs
• Make recommendations that will be significant
• Make recommendations brief
• Make recommendations defensible
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Presentation to Management
• Keep the presentation short (10-15 minutes)
• Include the use pictures if possible
• Use graphics to relate waste generation and waste composition numbers
• Spend most of the time discussing the recommendations