Warmup (5 minutes)*see if you can attack the following questions already!!!!

1) How many protons are there in 1 atom of sulfur?

2) Which if the following elements below has 24 protons?

A. bismuthB. chromiumC. cadmiumD. All of these

3) How many neutrons are there in most boron atoms?

4) The atomic mass of an atom is mostly due to the mass of its:

A. protons onlyB. neutrons onlyC. protons and neutronsD. protons and electronsE. none of the above

Atomic Structure

Analogy Football Field

Outer Edge of AtomNucleus

The nucleus of the atom is TINY relative to the total volume of the

atom, yet contains most of the mass!!!!!!

99.9% of the VOLUME of the atom is taken up by e- orbiting the empty space around the nucleus, while only 0.1% of volume is the nucleus99.9% of the MASS of an atom is densely packed in the tiny nucleus, while the other 0.1% of the mass is from the mass of the electrons

Subatomic Particle

Mass Electric Charge

Location Effect of Adding orRemoving Particle

PROTON(p or +)

ELECTRON

(e-)

NEUTRON(0 or n)

Subatomic Particle Details

Subatomic Particle

Mass Electric Charge

Location Effect of Adding orRemoving Particle

PROTON(p or +)

1 amu or

g/moleELECTRON

(e-)Zero;

1/2000 p & n

NEUTRON(0 or n)

1 amu or

g/mole

Subatomic Particle Details

1 proton is actually 0.00000000000000000000000167 grams!1 amu = 1.67 x 10-24 grams

Subatomic Particle

Mass Electric Charge

Location Effect of Adding orRemoving Particle

PROTON(p or +)

1 amu or

g/mole

+1

ELECTRON

(e-)Zero;

1/2000 p & n

-1

NEUTRON(0 or n)

1 amu or

g/mole

0

Subatomic Particle Details

Subatomic Particle

Mass Electric Charge

Location Effect of Adding orRemoving Particle

PROTON(p or +)

1 amu or

g/mole

+1 nucleus

ELECTRON

(e-)Zero;

1/2000 p & n

-1 in cloud around nucleus

NEUTRON(0 or n)

1 amu or

g/mole

0 nucleus

Subatomic Particle Details

Subatomic Particle

Mass Electric Charge

Location Effect of Adding orRemoving Particle

PROTON(p or +)

1 amu or

g/mole

+1 nucleus new element with new properties

ELECTRON

(e-)Zero;

1/2000 p & n

-1 in cloud around nucleus

same element, but becomes an ion

NEUTRON(0 or n)

1 amu or

g/mole

0 nucleus same element, different mass and stability-becomes

an isotope

Subatomic Particle Details

The PT shows the recipe for atoms of every element

11 electrons

+

+

+ +

++

++

++

+

11 protons

o

oo

o

ooo

o oo

oo

12 neutrons

Atomic #

Average Atomic

Mass

11

NaSodium

22.99

(orbiting nucleus)

Atoms have a neutral charge when the # of protons (+) = # of electrons (-)

# protons = atomic # = element identity

protons + neutrons = mass number

What happens if we:1. Add 2 protons to O?

- light for signs, nothing to breathe2. Add 2 neutrons to O?

- increase mass, less stable, radioactive

- new isotope of oxygen3. Add 2 electrons to O?

- ion with -2 charge

8O

Oxygen16.00

10Ne

Neon20.18

Changing the

contents of an atom

PracticeElemen

tSymbol

Atomic Number

Mass Number

# of Protons

# of Neutrons

# of Electrons

4 22 22H

eHelium

What elements are these?

These are all ISOTOPES: the same element (same # protons) but they are just

different versions of that element (different number of neutrons).

HYDROGEN-1 HYDROGEN-2 HYDROGEN-3

isotope notation:

Hydrogen - 3 Element Name Mass

Number Atomic # # p & n # of protons

# of electrons

H3

PracticeGive the name for

the isotope’s nucleus to the right. Include the mass number!

ANSWER:

Carbon – 14