warmup #4 1. explain federalism. 2. what is the bill of rights? 3. why did the founding fathers...
TRANSCRIPT
WarmUp #4
1. Explain federalism.
2. What is the Bill of Rights?
3. Why did the Founding Fathers scrap the Articles of Confederation & draft an entirely new Constitution?
Long Term Cause: Social Conditions
• the 3 Estates– 1st Estate
• the clergy…exempt from taxes
– 2nd Estate • nobles, high government & military officers• sought power from the King
– 3rd Estate• the commoners…paid most of the taxes, but had least
amount of land• peasants, craftsmen, shop keepers, wage earners etc.• Bourgeoisie: middle class…doctors, lawyers, bankers,
etc. who resented the nobles but wanted to be them!
The 3 Estates
The French Revolution
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1st Estate 2ndEstate
3rd Estate
population
land ownership
Short Term Cause:Financial Crisis
• food shortages & unemployment• government spending on wars & luxuries
– Louis XV “apres moi le deluge”– Marie Antoinette
Kirsten Dunst as Marie Antoinette in "I Want Candy"
Louis XVI
From the Estates General to the National Assembly
• Estates General: composed of representatives from each Estate– met at Versailles (May 1789)– each Estate = 1 vote
• 3rd Estate had TWICE as many people
– called for 1 representative = 1 vote• rejected by King (sided with the nobles)
• influenced by Enlightenment ideas– some nobles & clergy leave the 1st & 2nd Estates &
join the 3rd Estate to form National Assembly & to write a constitution
Beginnings of Violence
• Tennis Court Oath– Louis XVI locks the National Assembly out of
meeting place to stop constitution (June 20th, 1789)– Representatives meet at tennis court & swear oath
• they will keep meeting until they write a constitution
– anywhere they meet = National Assembly
• Louis XVI: afraid of violence…puts troops & weapons in Paris
Tennis Court Oath
Storming the Bastille• Bastille: old prison in Paris with few prisoners
– Louis XVI puts weapons & cannons into the prison pointing out into the streets
• July 14th, 1789 (Bastille Day or French National Day)– the people afraid of the soldiers…storm le Bastille
to take away weapons!
• sparked rebellions & violence across France• peasants vs. nobles = Great Fear• signals collapse of King’s authority
Storming the Bastille
Destruction of the Old Regime• Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen:
– August 26, 1789: charter of liberties written – borrowed from Enlightenment thought– questioned whether, to include women? it did not…
• harsh winter & bad harvest led to starving conditions in Paris in 1789
• Parisian women marched to Versailles, demanding bread– “let them eat cake” (Marie Antoinette)– the royal family move to Paris
• 1791: new constitution finished– limited monarchy– legislative assembly to make laws– men over 25 who owned land could vote
Women’s March
Reaction of Louis XVI
• Louis XVI– pretended to play along with the new constitution– plotted to escape to Austria…raise an army & crush
the Revolution
• June 1791: along with Marie Antoinette, snuck out of Paris & fled for the border– stopped to have lunch in Varennes…was
recognized, caught, taken back to Paris & put under house arrest!
Flight to Varennes
Radicalization of Revolution• without the support of Louis XVI, Constitution’s no good
• power led by Paris Commune: radical/extreme group, who was tired of compromise & economic problems– sans-culottes: “without breeches”----the lower classes, the
‘un’elites, the common men, the patriots– called for universal male suffrage
• Catholic Church lands seized…with clergy being elected by the people & paid by the State government– clergy now answerable to France…& not the Pope!
• these actions angered many French!– especially the peasants…
Paris Commune & Sans-Culottes
CLASSWORK→ HOMEWORK:•Create a poster on 1 CAUSE of the FRENCH REVOLUTION…
---Must have color!(i.e.---color over any pencil markings)
---Must have a border!
---Must have visuals!
---Creativity is key
---More visuals, less words…
