Warm-up: What do you think is the title of this map?

“Geo 101”

How to take notes in this class…

Review of Map Basics1. A book of maps is called: 2. The arrow is pointing at the:

What is this symbol called?

The compass rose shows you the cardinal directions (North, East, South, and West)

Intermediate NE

What is this called?

What to look for on a map:

• T: Title• O: Orientation (use compass rose)• D: Date• A: Author• L: Legend• S: Scale

Types of Maps

Reference• Political• Physical

Thematic• Examples:

– Choropleth– Dot– Graduated symbol– Isoline– Cartogram

Reference Map: Political• Major boundaries- countries and states

COUNTRIES IN ALL CAPITAL LETTERSState & Cities Not

Reference Map: Physical• Physical features – rivers, mountains, elevation

Thematic Map: Choropleth• Definition: a map that uses differences in shading, coloring, or

the placing of symbols within predefined areas to indicate the average values of a property or quantity in those areas.

Thematic Map: Dot• A dot distribution map (also known as dot density map) is as

a map type that uses a dotsymbol to show the presence of a feature or phenomenon. Dot maps rely on a visual scatter to show spatial pattern.

Thematic Map: Graduated Symbol• A map with symbols that change in size according to the value of

the attribute they represent. For example, denser populations might be represented by larger dots, or larger rivers by thicker lines

Thematic Map: Isoline• An isoline map is a map with continuous lines joining points of

the same value. Examples would be equal altitude (contour lines), temperature (isotherms), barometric pressure (isobars), etc.

Thematic Map: Cartogram• a map on which statistical information is shown in diagrammatic

form.

Mental MapsRelative Location map of an area, Not to scale

Relative location• Describes location of a

place in relation to other human and physical features– “New Braunfels is northeast

of San Antonio”– Walmart is across the street

from Warren H.S.

Absolute location• The exact position of a place

on the surface of the Earth – Coordinates (latitude and

longitude)– Address

How do Geographers study the globe?• They use an imaginary grid to describe the

location of points on Earth. (latitude and longitude)

How do Geographers study the globe?• Latitude – drawn in an east-west direction (parallels)• Longitude – drawn in a north-south direction (meridians)

How do Geographers study the globe?• Divide the world into hemispheres (half of a

sphere)

What is the imaginary line that splits the globe into the Northern and Southern hemispheres?

• A. Equator• B. Tropic of Cancer• C. Prime Meridian• D. International Date Line

The two lines that split the globe into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres are the Prime Meridian and the:

• A. Arctic Circle• B. Tropic of Cancer• C. Equator• D. International Date Line

How do geographers describe where things are?

• Read Rubenstein – Key Issue 1

• Highlight key terms/ main ideas

• Answer the learning outcomes on a separate sheet of notebook paper using complete sentences (1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3)

Warm-up: TuesdayCopy the following words/concepts = quiz on Friday!

• Geography• Cartography• Scale• Map projection• Mercator (projection)• Polar (projection)• Meridian/longitude• Parallel/latitude• Greenwich Mean Time

• TODALS • International Date Line

Also know:• 7 continents • 5 oceans

Early Mapmaking• Eratosthenes – Greek scientist/ geographer

• Also calculated the circumference of the Earth!

Map Projections

Picture a globe made of soft clay. Now squash it flat. Congratulations! You’ve just made a map. Sure, you stretched out a few continents, but how else can you depict a round planet on a flat surface?

Map ProjectionsHow do you take a round Earth & show it on a

flat piece of paper?= Map projections (scientific method of

transferring locations on Earth to a flat map)• All map projections have some sort of DistOrTioN– Shape, distance, size, direction

Cylindrical- Mercator• Most accurate near Equator• Exaggerates lands near the poles

Greenland is actually 8 times smaller than South America

Africa is actually much larger than the U.S.

Is Antarctica REALLY this big?

Conic- Robinson

• Most accurate around the middle latitudes. • Distorts regions that run north-south for long distances. i.e. South America

Polar- Flat - Plane

•Press the hemispheres into flat circles. •Excellent for showing Arctic(left) and Antarctic regions•Distortions around the edges

Goode-Homolosine• continents that are sized appropriately to one

another, but with many interruptions and distortions of distance.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vVX-PrBRtTY

Longitude and Time Zones

Your task• You will need:

– White board – Marker

• 90 second sketch map: sketch a map of the world, labeling the 7 continents

• Mental Map: create a map of your route from your 1st period class to Human Geo class. Include any landmarks.

• Add TODALS to your mental map.

Detailed sketch map

• Using the checklist, sketch a map of the world• NO TRACING!

continents

large landmasses on

the Earth’s surface

SOUTH AMERICA

NORTH AMERICA

EUROPE

ASIA

ANTARCTICA

AFRICA

AUSTRALIA