Warm Up

Monday, April 1, 2013 (7th Period) Wednesday, April 3, 2013 (1st-5th Periods)

1. What biomolecule builds muscles?

2. What is the AKA for biomolecule?

Objectives

1) List the 11 body system.

2) Describe the functions for the 11 different body systems.

3) Discuss important characteristics of each of the 11 body systems.

Homeostasis

Maintain balanced internal environment

Requires flow of nutrients into organism & wastes out of organism

Skeletal System

Function: Support & locomotion

Keeps body upright Supports internal organs Attachment for muscles

Skeletal System Structure: Bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons

Bones: Calcified structures, 206 in humans (Ex: Femur)

Cartilage: Very strong, but softer than bone (Ex: Nose, spinal disks)

Ligaments: Connects bone to bone (Ex: knee)

Tendons: Connects muscle to bone (Ex: Achilles tendon)

Muscular System

Function: locomotion

Move from place to place Respiration (Diaphragm) Digestion (Swallowing)

Muscular System

Structure: Muscles

Muscles - always come in pairs

Ex: Biceps & Triceps work together to move your arm

Muscular System

Three types of muscles:Smooth – involuntary muscles

○ Ex: Esophagus, stomach, intestinesStriated – voluntary muscles

○ Ex: Biceps, pectorals, abdominalsCardiac – specialized involuntary muscle

○ Ex: Heart

Integumentary System

Function: Protects body from injury & disease, aids in homeostasis, & keeps body warm

Provides barrier btw organism & environment

Helps maintain constant internal body temperature

Integumentary System

Structure: Skin, hair, nails

Skin regulates transport in/out of body (Lotion, water, salt)

Hairs keep the body warm

Integumentary System

Skin LayersEpidermis – outermost layer, has oil and

regulates transport Dermis – middle layer, cushion, has heat

and touch receptorsSubcutaneous Tissue – lowermost layer,

has fat & blood vessels

Digestive System

Function: to extract chemical energy from foods & break down foods

Digestive System

Structure: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, liver, gallbladder & pancreas

Digestive System

Mouth – Teeth & saliva (enzymes = amylase) break down foods

Esophagus – Carries food from mouth to stomach

Stomach – Uses caustic acid (Hydrochloric acid) to break down food

Digestive System

Small Intestine – absorbs nutrients into the blood stream, the end of digestion

Large Intestine – absorbs water and makes vitamins from indigestible material, using E. coli

Digestive System

No food passes through:

Liver – produces bile (green digestive juice) & breaks down fats

Gallbladder – stores bile

Pancreas – makes insulin to breakdown sugar, & produces digestive hormones

Endocrine System

Function: Produces hormones

Hormones regulate all body functions, including heart rate, temperature, digestion, sleeping, reproduction

Endocrine System

Structure: Pituitary Gland, Hypothalamus, Parathyroid Gland, Thyroid Gland, Adrenal Gland, Ovary, Pancreas, Testes

Ovaries produce hormones for women Testes produce hormones for men

Endocrine System

Hypothalamus: (brain) connects nervous and endocrine system

Produces Antidiuretic

Hormone (ADH)

- relieves urge to urinate so

body can reclaim water when dehydration is detected

Endocrine System

Pituitary Gland –(brain) controlled by hypothalamus that stimulates other glands to release hormones

Endocrine System

Thyroid Gland – (throat) produces hormones that control metabolism

Endocrine System

Parathyroid Gland – produces a hormone that releases Calcium from bone into the blood stream

Adrenal Gland – (kidney) prepares the body for stressful situationsProduces epinephrine (Epi-pen), also

called adrenaline

Endocrine System

Pancreas –regulates blood sugar levelsInsulin – decreases blood sugar levelsGlucagon – increases blood sugar levels

Endocrine System

Ovaries – produce female sex hormonesExamples: Estrogen & Progesterone

Testes – produce male sex hormonesExample: TestosteroneStimulates sperm production and secondary

sex characteristics (facial hair, pubic hair, deep voice)

Excretory System

Function: Process & remove waste from body

Solid waste from food must be removed Liquid waste from blood stream must be

removed

Excretory System

Structure: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder, Urethra, Rectum, Lungs, Skin

Kidney processes wastes (urea & ammonia) from the blood stream

Helps maintain pH & water balance in body

Excretory System Ureter = wastes from kidney sent to

bladder (processed so water can be reabsorbed into the body)

Bladder = holds waste & reabsorbs water

Urethra = structure by which liquid wastes exit body

Rectum = removes solid waste from digestive tract

Excretory System

Skin = removes wastes, salt and urea, through sweating

Lungs = remove Carbon Dioxide

Body Systems Flip Book

Due: Thursday, April 25, 2013 Title Page:

“Human Body System Flip Book”NamePeriodMaloney/Newell

Each system gets 1 whole side of a page

Warm Up

Tuesday, April 2, 2013 (7th Period) Thursday, April 4, 2013 (1st-5th Periods)

1. What macromolecule protects internal organs in the abdomen?

2. What macromolecule is the building block of your genetic material?

Objectives

1) List the 11 body system.

2) Describe the functions for the 11 different body systems.

3) Discuss important characteristics of each of the 11 body systems.

Immune System

Function: Identification & removal of pathogens

Antibodies attack foreign objects in body Immune System = specific response to

infectious agent

i

Immune System Structure: Skin, Spleen, Lymph Nodes,

Tonsils, White Blood Cells, Antibodies

Skin – a physical defense against pathogens; oil makes the skin acidic

Tonsils & Spleen – produce Antibodies

Antibodies identify & attack antigens/microorganisms

Developed through vaccination

Immune System

White blood cells – engulf and destroy foreign objects

Lymph Nodes –organs that are filled with white blood cells that filter the blood; located all around the body

Red dots =

Lymph Nodes

Immune System

Three Lines of Defense1. Physical & Chemical

1. Skin

2. Oil

3. Mucous, hairs, saliva, etc

2. Inflammatory Response1. Heat

2. Swelling

3. Immune System1. Antibodies attack antigens

Reproductive System

Function: To combine genetic information from both parents, & pass information to the next generation

Male gamete: Sperm Female gamete: Egg

Reproductive System (Male) Structure: Testes & Penis

Testes produce sperm

and testosterone Penis delivers the

sperm to the female

gamete

Reproductive System (Female) Structure: Ovaries & Uterus

Ovaries produce all eggs before the woman is born and the hormones estrogen & progesterone

The uterus is the ideal

environment for a

fertilized egg to grow

Reproductive System

Puberty begins when the testes/ ovaries begin producing testosterone/ estrogen & progesterone

Reproductive System

Step 1: Fertilization Step 2: Cell divides and grows for 11-12

days Step 3: Implantation on the uterine wall

Nervous System

Function: Coordinate information from environment w/ a reaction

Sensory organs receive signals Brain processes signals Brain tells the body how to react

Nervous System

Structure: Neuron, Brain, Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System

Sensory organs such as eyes, ears, nose, mouth and skin collect information about the environment

Information that is collected is sent to the brain along a network of neurons

Nervous System

Neurons (Nerve Cells) are highly specialized cells that transmit electronic signals throughout the body

Nervous System Brain = control center of nervous system

- Receives all the information- Processes information- Signals body to react

Divided into 3 segments: Cerebrum = intelligence & language Cerebellum = balance & coordination Medulla Oblongata = involuntary movements

Nervous System The Central Nervous System (CNS)

includes the brain & spinal cord

It controls most of the necessary functions (breathing, heart rate) and behavior of a person

Protected by the skeletal system (skull & vertebra)

Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) connects the CNS to the rest of the body

These are the nerves that travel between the spinal cord and the other limbs and organs

Not protected by the skeletal system

Red: CNS Blue: PNS

Circulatory System

Function: Transport water, nutrients & waste to & from cells

Every cell in the body needs water and nutrients to live

Cells produce wastes, such as ammonia & carbon dioxide (CO2) through cellular processes

Circulatory System

Structure: Heart, Atria, Ventricles, Blood Vessels, Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, Plasma, Platelets

Heart pumps blood throughout body The blood vessels are the means of

getting blood to the cells

Circulatory System

The Heart (Divided into right & left):Atria – top of the heart, receives the bloodVentricles – bottom of the heart, where

blood leaves to go to the lungs or body

Circulatory System

Deoxygenated blood enters RIGHT side of heart

Oxygenated blood enters LEFt side of heart

Circulatory System

Blood VesselsArteries – go away from the heart to the

cells (carry oxygenated blood)Capillaries – tiny blood vessels; site of

nutrient and waste exchange with cells Veins – go back to the heart (carry de-

oxygenated blood)

Circulatory System

Major Blood VesselsPulmonary Artery – from heart to lungsAorta – from heart to body

Circulatory System

BloodRed Blood Cells – transport oxygen and

nutrientsWhite Blood Cells – work as part of the

immune system to protect the body from diseases

Plasma –liquid of the bloodPlatelets – involved in clotting and repair

(scabs)

Red Blood Cell Platelet

White Blood Cell

Plasma

Respiratory System

Function: To exchange oxygen (O2) & carbon dioxide (CO2)

Lungs use negative pressure to draw in a breath

Diaphragm = muscle that moves the lungs up and down

Respiratory System

Structure: Mouth, Lungs, Larynx, Pharynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, and Alveoli

Air travels in the mouth (or nose), down the trachea and into the lungs

Respiratory System

Larynx – AKA ‘voice box’ Pharynx – Back of

the throat

Trachea – the tube

that connects the

mouth to the lungs

Respiratory System

Bronchi – divides the air from the trachea into the right and left lobes of the lungs

Bronchioles – branches of the bronchi that end in alveoli

Respiratory System

Alveoli – air sacs that contain capillaries, where air exchange takes place

Feedback

Communication system btw all the organ systems to help maintain homeostasis

Example: Nerves in the body detect that you are too hot, so the brain tells the skin cells to release sweat to cool you off