war of 1812. the british threat between 1804 and 1807, british ships forced countries doing trade...
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War of 1812
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The British Threat• Between 1804 and 1807,
British ships forced countries doing trade with France to ship cargoes through England and pay taxes.
• The British navy attacked and took over American ships, forcing sailors to join the British forces.
• In 1807, President Jefferson decided to embargo trade to Europe until they respected U.S. rights at sea.
The Leopard lets loose a broadside against the helpless Chesapeake, as re-imagined in this 1897 drawing.
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The British Threat• The embargo infuriated
New Englanders, who considered secession.
• By 1808, a new division had developed in the U.S. government between Easterners and Westerners (war hawks).
• Easterners were older and more conservative, while the “war hawks” were younger and interested in returning the U.S. to its former glory. Henry Clay
John C. Calhoun
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The British Threat• The “war hawks” pushed
for war with England and the natives in the west.
• They feared a new movement among Indians lead by two Shawnee brothers, Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa.
• The brothers sought to unite natives and return to their traditional lifestyle in an Indian state where they could preserve their culture.
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War of 1812
• In June 1812, Congress declares war on England.
• The U.S. attacks Canada in Niagara, Detroit and Lake Champlain, all fail.
• Tecumseh joins the British.• By 1813, the U.S. rebounds
and achieves victories over the British and natives.
• The British pull back and leave Tecumseh’s troops unsupported. Many die, including Tecumseh.
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War of 1812• The British attack and
burn down Washington, D.C. in 1814, but Americans push them back.
• In the South, Andrew Jackson leads troops on attacks on natives and British.– By many accounts, he
thoroughly enjoyed Killing Indians, boasting about it often.
• Some Cherokee and Choctaw fight for the U.S. side.
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War of 1812• In 1815, Jackson
leads troops at the Battle of New Orleans, killing over 2000 British troops and losing only 70.
• The victory, though, came two weeks after the Treaty of Ghent, which ended the war in a stalemate.
• The war and its outcome helps develop nationalism.