walter hays, global alliance for disaster reduction, university of north carolina, usa
DESCRIPTION
REMEMBERING 2O10’S SEVERE WINDSTORMS – PART 1 Xynthia Tropical Storms and Hurricanes: Atlantic Basin Tropical Storms and Hurricanes: Pacific Basin Typhoons Cyclones. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
REMEMBERING 2O10’S SEVERE WINDSTORMS – PART 1
XynthiaTropical Storms and Hurricanes: Atlantic
BasinTropical Storms and Hurricanes: Pacific
BasinTyphoonsCyclones
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for
Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA
2010
THE YEAR OF “RECORD AND NEAR-RECORD” NATURAL
DISASTERS
HAZARDS OF A SEVERE WINDSTORM (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
• WIND FIELD (COUNTER CLOCKWISE OR CLOCKWISE DIRECTION; CAT 1 (55 mph) TO CAT 5 (155 mph or greater)
• STORM SURGE
• HEAVY PRECIPITATION
• LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS)
• COSTAL EROSION
• TORNADOES (SOMETIMES)
WIND PENETRATING BUILDING ENVELOPE
SEVERE WINDSTORMS
SEVERE WINDSTORMS
UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM
FLYING DEBRIS
STORM SURGE
IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN
SITING PROBLEMS
FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
Rain, floods, landslides, and water-borne diseases are typical after a tropical
storm, hurricane, typhoon, or cyclone.
COMMUNITYCOMMUNITYCOMMUNITYCOMMUNITYDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
•HAZARD MAPS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
SEVERE WINDSTORM SEVERE WINDSTORM RISK REDUCTIONRISK REDUCTION
•PREVENTION/MITIGATION•PREPAREDNESS•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION
POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS
IMPACTED NATIONS
Western Europe (France, Portugal, Spain), Caribbean (Haiti, Dominican Republic, Bermuda, Jamaica, Antigua, Montserrat, St. Kitts, Nevis, Anguilla, St. Maarten, St. Martin, Saint Lucia, Atlantic Canada, …
IMPACTED NATIONS (Continued)
St Barthelemy, Saba, and St Eustatius, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands), Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras), Cuba, …
IMPACTED NATIONS (Continued)
Mexico, USA (Texas, East Coast), The Philippines, Taiwan, China, …
SOCIETAL IMPACTS DURING 2010
• High winds, storm surges, heavy rains, landslides affected millions.
• Hundreds of thousands of homes without power, damaged, destroyed, or inundated.
• Hundreds of thousands evacuated.
• Lives and livelihoods of millions impacted.
• Gulf oil leak and Clean up slowed
SOCIETAL IMPACTS DURING 2010 (Continued)
• Infrastructure damaged and destroyed.
• Oil and gas platforms impacted.
• $ billions in insured and uninsured economic losses.
WINDSTORM XYNTHIA
FEBRUARY 26-28, 2010
WHAT WAS XYNTHIA?
Xynthia, a violent European windstorm with winds up to 140km/hr, crossed Western
Europe on 26–28 February 2010, and was the most violent storm since “Lothar” and “Martin” in
December 1999
A powerful storm surge with waves up to 7.5 m (25 ft) high hit at high tide and smashed through a 200-
year-old sea wall off France’s coastal town of L’Aiquillon-Sur-Mer
XYNTHIA: FLOODING IN FRANCE
Xynthia: 1) caused flooding, 2) cut power to more than 1 million homes in France and Portugal,
respectively, 3) disrupted travel in Spain, 4) tore roofs off houses, 5)
downed trees, 6) caused at least 51 deaths, and 7) caused losses
estimated at $1.8 B ($1.4 insured).
The 2010 season was predicted to be less severe
than 2009 in the Pacific Basin and more severe in
the Atlantic Basin because of the diminished El Nino
conditions
The Eastern Pacific is, on average, the second-most active basin in the world with an average of 16 tropical storms annually, with 9 becoming hurricanes, and 4 becoming major hurricanes, frequently impacting
mainland Mexico and the Revillagigedo Islands, and
infrequently the USA.
PACIFIC BASIN TROPICAL STORMS – HURRICANES: 2010
• AGATHA
• BLAS
• CELIA (H)
• DARBY (H)
• ESTELLE
• FRANK (H)
• …
AGATHA’S PATH
BLAS’ PATH: JUNE 21
• AGATHA
• BLAS
• CELIA
• DARBY
• FRANK
CELIA’S PATH: JUNE 29
• AGATHA
• BLAS
• CELIA
• DARBY
• FRANK
DARBY’S PATH:JUNE 29
• AGATHA
• BLAS
• CELIA
• DARBY
• FRANK
FRANK’S PATH: AUGUST 29
• AGATHA
• BLAS
• CELIA
• DARBY
• FRANK
TROPICAL STORM AGATHA STRIKES GUATEMALA
SHORTLY AFTER PACAVA ERUPTS
FIRST STORM OF PACIFIC SEASON FOLLOWS VOLCANIC ERUPTION
MAY 27-29, 2010
Tropical Storm Agatha was a weak, but catastrophic storm that made
landfall near the Guatemala-Mexico border on the evening of May 29.
Before the arrival of Tropical Storm Agatha, the Pacava volcano,
located 25 km south of Guatemala City, started spewing lava and ash
on Friday, May 28th, forcing the evacuation of hundreds.
PACAVA ERUPTS: MAY 28
Agatha produced torrential rain all across Central America, which
resulted in the death of one person in Nicaragua. 152 in Guatemala
(with another 100 missing because of landslides), and 13 in El
Salvador.
TORRENTIAL RAINS
SINKHOLE: GUATEMALA CITY
66 FT WIDE AND 100 FT DEEP SINKHOLE
SINKHOLE
SINKHOLE
SINKHOLE
Sam Bonis, a geologist from Dartmouth, said that Guatemala
City is sitting on a bed of old volcanic ash that has not
completely lithified (turned into solid rock), and that he believed that the sinkhole was caused by
leaking pipes underground.
Remnants of the storm were expected to deliver 10 to 20 in (25 to
50 cm) of rain over southeastern Mexico, Guatemala and parts of El
Salvador, creating the possibility of "life-threatening flash floods and
mudslides.”
TYPHOON CHANTHU (Category 1)
July 17-23, 2010
TYPHOON CHANTHU: A CAT 1 STORM
SUPER TYPHOON MEGI (MEANS “CATFISH” IN
KOREAN) STRIKES THE PHILIPPINES THEN TAIWAN
AND CHINA
OCT 18-25, 2010
OCTOBER 22
OCTOBER 18, 2010
Megi, known locally as Juan, was a category 5 super typhoon, the highest rating, with winds of
more than 250 kph and a diameter of over 600 km when it made landfall at Sierra Madre’s
Estagno Point in Isabela at 11:25 a.m. on Monday.
MEGI: 600 KM ACROSS (NASA PHOTO)
MEGI’S FINAL PATH (AS OF OCT 24TH)
THE PHILIPPINES
October 18th
Megi tore roofs off houses, destroyed rice crops, toppled
trees, ripped down power lines, triggered landslides in the
mountains and whipped up huge waves.
.
MEGI’S WIND FIELD LEFT A PATH OF DESTRUCTION
HOUSES OF THE POOREST OF THE POOR DESTROYED
MEGI’S WIND TEARING OFF ROOFS OF GOVERNMENT HOUSES
HOUSES SUBMERGED
MEGI’S WIND KNOCKED OUT POWER
Initial estimates indicate that Megi’s damage to
infrastructure, agriculture, fisheries and schools in the
Philippines reached 1.4 billion Philippine pesos ($32
million).
Loss of communications made it impossible at first to estimate casualties, but data later indicated that loss of life
was only about twenty-two people.
TAIWAN
October 21
TAIWAN: WAVES GENERATED BY TYPHOON MEGI
TAIWAN: FLOODING GENERATED BY TYPHOON MEGI
LANDSLIDE - SUHUA HIGHWAY, TAIWAN: OCT 21
CHINA
October 23
While Taiwan was experiencing high winds, severe flooding and
landslides on the 21st , China was evacuated 160,000 people
and called in fishing boats before the expected onslaught
of Megi on Friday (Oct 22nd).
10,000 BOATS RECALLED IN FUJIAN PROVINCE: OCT 21
As a result of preparations in Fujian, Guangdong and Zhejiang provinces, no major casualties
were reported after landfall.
Nevertheless, more than 647,900 people and 26,190 hectares of
crops were affected by the typhoon, which flattened 500
houses, forced 313,200 people to evacuate their homes, and caused losses estimated at
$238 million.