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Genesis & Growth

DRDO was formed in 1958 from the amalgamation of the then already functioning Technical

Development Establishment (TDEs) of the Indian Army and the Directorate of Technical

Development & Production (DTDP) with the Defence Science Organisation (DSO). DRDO

was then a small organisation with 10 establishments or laboratories. Over the years, it hasgrown multi-directionally in terms of the variety of subject disciplines, number of laboratories,

achievements and stature.

Today, DRDO is a network of more than 50 laboratories which are deeply engaged in

developing defence technologies covering various disciplines, like aeronautics, armaments,

electronics, combat vehicles, engineering systems, instrumentation, missiles, advanced

computing and simulation, special materials, naval systems, life sciences, training, information

systems and agriculture. Presently, the Organisation is backed by over 5000 scientists and

about 25,000 other scientific, technical and supporting personnel. Several major projects for the

development of missiles, armaments, light combat aircrafts, radars, electronic warfare systems

etc are on hand and significant achievements have already been made in several suchtechnologies.

Vision & Mission

Vision

Make India prosperous by establishing world class science and technology base and provide

our Defence Services decisive edge by equipping them with internationally competitive

systems and solutions.

Mission

Design, develop and lead to production state-of-the-art sensors, weapon systems,

platforms and allied equipment for our Defence Services.

Provide technological solutions to the Services to optimise combat effectiveness and to

promote well-being of the troops.

Develop infrastructure and committed quality manpower and build strong indigenous

technology base.

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Aeronautical Development Establishment (ADE), Bangalore

Advanced Numerical Research & Analysis Group (ANURAG), Hyderabad

Aerial Delivery Research & Development Establishment (ADRDE), Agra

Armament Research & Development Establishment (ARDE), Pune

Center for Artificial Intelligence & Robotics (CAIR), Bangalore Center for Fire,Explosive and Environment Safety (CFEES)

Center for Military Airworthiness & Certification (CEMILAC), Bangalore

Centre for Air Borne Systems (CABS), Bangalore

Combat Vehicles Research & Development Estt. (CVRDE), Chennai

Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research (DIBER), Haldwani

Defence Avionics Research Establishment (DARE), Bangalore

Defence Bio-Engineering & Electro Medical Laboratory (DEBEL), Bangalore

Defence Electronics Application Laboratory (DEAL), Dehradun

Defence Electronics Research Laboratory (DLRL), Hyderabad

Defence Food Research Laboratory (DFRL), Mysore

Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DIAT), Deemed University, Pune Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR)

Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Delhi

Defence Institute of Psychological Research (DIPR), Delhi

Defence Laboratory (DLJ), Jodhpur

Defence Materials & Stores Research & Development Establishment (DMSRDE),

Kanpur

Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory (DMRL), Hyderabad

Defence Research & Development Laboratory (DRDL), Hyderabad

Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE), Gwalior

Defence Research Laboratory (DRL), Tejpur

Defence Scientific Information & Documentation Centre (DESIDOC), Delhi

Defence Terrain Research Laboratory (DTRL), Delhi

Electronics & Radar Development Establishment (LRDE), Bangalore

Gas Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE), Bangalore

High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL), Pune

Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (INMAS), Delhi

Institute of Systems Studies & Analyses (ISSA), Delhi

Institute of Technology Management (ITM), Mussorie

Instruments Research & Development Establishment (IRDE), Dehradun

Integrated Test Range (ITR), Balasore

Laser Science & Technology Centre (LASTEC), Delhi Microwave Tube Research & Development Center (MTRDC), Bangalore

Naval Materials Research Laboratory (NMRL), Ambernath

Naval Physical & Ocenographic Laboratory (NPOL), Cochin

Naval Science & Technological Laboratory (NSTL), Vishakapatnam

Proof & Experimental Establishment (PXE), Balasore

Research & Development Establishment (R&DE), Pune

Research Center Imarat (RCI), Hyderabad

Scientific Analysis Group (SAG), Delhi

Snow & Avalanche Study Estt (SASE), Chandigarh

Solid State Physics Laboratory (SSPL), Delhi

Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory( TBRL),Chandigarh Vehicle Research & Development Establishment (VRDE), Ahmednagar

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do.gov.in/drdo/labs/ITM/English/index.jsp?pg=homebody.jsphttp://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/IRDE/English/index.jsp?pg=homebody.jsphttp://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/LASTEC/English/index.jsp?pg=homebody.jsphttp://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/MTRDC/English/index.jsp?pg=homebody.jsphttp://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/NMRL/English/index.jsp?pg=homebody.jsphttp://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/NPOL/English/index.jsp?pg=homebody.jsphttp://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/NSTL/English/index.jsp?pg=homebody.jsphttp://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/PXE/English/index.jsp?pg=homebody.jsphttp://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/RDE(E)/English/index.jsp?pg=homebody.jsphttp://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/SAG/English/index.jsp?pg=homebody.jsphttp://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/SASE/English/index.jsp?pg=homebody.jsphttp://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/SSPL/English/index.jsp?pg=homebody.jsphttp://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/TBRL/English/index.jsp?pg=homebody.jsphttp://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/VRDE/English/index.jsp?pg=homebody.jsphttp://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/ADE/English/index.jsp?pg=homebody.jsp

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Aeronautics

Aeronautical Development Establishment (ADE), Bangalore

Aerial Delivery Research & Development Establishment (ADRDE), Agra Centre for Air Borne Systems (CABS), Bangalore

Defence Avionics Research Establishment (DARE), Bangalore

Gas Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE), Bangalore

Center for Military Airworthiness & Certification (CEMILAC), Bangalore

Armaments

Armament Research & Development Establishment (ARDE), Pune

Center for Fire, Explosive and Environment Safety (CFEES),Delhi

High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL), Pune

Proof & Experimental Establishment (PXE), Balasore Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory( TBRL),Chandigarh

Combat Vehicles & Engineering

Combat Vehicles Research & Development Estt. (CVRDE), Chennai

Vehicle Research & Development Establishment (VRDE), Ahmednagar

Research & Development Establishment (R&DE), Pune

Snow & Avalanche Study Estt (SASE), Chandigarh

Top Electronics & Computer Sciences

Center for Artificial Intelligence & Robotics (CAIR), Bangalore

Defence Electronics Application Laboratory (DEAL), Dehradun

Defence Electronics Research Laboratory (DLRL), Hyderabad

Defence Terrain Research Laboratory (DTRL), Delhi

Instruments Research & Development Establishment (IRDE), Dehradun

Laser Science & Technology Centre (LASTEC), Delhi

Electronics & Radar Development Establishment (LRDE), Bangalore

Scientific Analysis Group (SAG), Delhi

Human Resource Development

Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DIAT), Deemed University, Pune

Institute of Technology Management (ITM), Mussorie

Life Sciences

Defence Bio-Engineering & Electro Medical Laboratory (DEBEL), Bangalore

Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research (DIBER), Haldwani

Defence Food Research Laboratory (DFRL), Mysore

Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR),Leh Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Delhi

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Defence Institute of Psychological Research (DIPR), Delhi

Defence Research Laboratory (DRL), Tejpur

Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (INMAS), Delhi

Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE), Gwalior

Materials

Defence Laboratory (DLJ), Jodhpur

Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory (DMRL), Hyderabad

Defence Materials & Stores Research & Development Establishment (DMSRDE),

Kanpur

Missiles

Defence Research & Development Laboratory (DRDL), Hyderabad

Institute of Systems Studies & Analyses (ISSA), Delhi Integrated Test Range (ITR), Balasore

Research Center Imarat (RCI), Hyderabad

Naval

Naval Materials Research Laboratory (NMRL), Ambernath

Naval Physical & Ocenographic Laboratory (NPOL), Cochin

Naval Science & Technological Laboratory (NSTL), Vishakapatnam

MED

Advanced Numerical Research & Analysis Group (ANURAG), Hyderabad

Defence Scientific Information & Documentation Centre (DESIDOC), Delhi

Microwave Tube Research & Development Center (MTRDC), Bangalore

Solid State Physics Laboratory (SSPL), Delhi

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Aeronautics Engineering

Major Products/Technologies/Developments

Air-borne telemetry receiving system for down range applications Avionics

EWSFA

Falcon

Ground Image Exploitation System

Kaveri Engine

Lakshya

Light Combat Aircraft

Model based Data Fusion

Recovery Parachute System for Light Combat Aircraft

Lakshya Nishant LCA

Kaveri Engine PTA Engine

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Avionics

Open Architecture Computer (OAC) designed and developed by ADA, combines the functions

of earlier mission computer, display processor, video switching unit and mission preparation

and retrieval unit. Besides, it caters to digital maps. It is designed based on open system

interfaces standards, which provides interoperability, scalability, and portability.OAC drives

three multi-function displays, HUD and also has provision to drive helmet-mounted display. In

addition, it caters to drive-trainer display surfaces, including recording. The above features and

its MIL-STD-1553B interface make it compatible to other aircraft. An OAC development rig

has also been designed and developed to cater for all functional and interface checks of OAC. It

has the flexibility to integrate actual LRUs, or respective software models. The software

development is in accordance with IEEE 12207 standard.

Salient Features

Indigenously developed using COTS products Scalable and upgradable

Having a layered architecture

Design supports hardware evolution and sustains hardware obsolescence

Uses state-of-the-art methodology for software development cycle

Multi-Function Upfront Control Panel

Multi-Function Upfront Control Panel is an indigenously developed

man-machine interface unit. It combines functions of earlier multi-

function keyboard (MFK), multi-function rotary (MFR) switch andupfront controls, and helps the pilot to input data into the aircraft

systems with the help of a monochrome LCD display and a keyboard.

A simple interface RS422 makes it compatible to other aircraft also.

Salient Features

Has a smart editor, with double click provision, which reduces pilot workload

Coherent information presentation

Easy-to-handle keyboard Hot-key provision, for quick selections

State-of-the-art software methodology, which makes the application reusable,

maintainable and reliable

Pylon Interface Box

Pylon Interface Box (PIB) is a part of Stores Management System (SMS) for Tejas. SMS

integrates stores using weapon bus and provides interface to cockpit through OAC. SMS design

caters for easy integration of indigenous, Russian, Western and 1760C stores on aircraft with

only minor software upgradation.

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Salient Features

Enables stores recognition, target acquisition and tracking, stores selection, arming

fusing and release

Provides direct control to MIL-STD-1760C, Indian, Russian, and Western stores Compact intelligent MIL-STD-1553B remote terminal (RT) with dual redundant

processor architecture using high level language

Stores Interface Box

Like PIB, Stores Interface Box (SIB) is also a part of SMS for Tejas. SIB integrates stores

using weapon bus and provides interface to cockpit through OAC. It has four weapon

management computers to ensure operational readiness assessment of each weapon, dynamic

power management of SMS, and aircraft balancing during release of stores. SMS design caters

for easy integration of indigenous, Russian, Western and 1760C stores on aircraft with onlyminor software upgradation.

Salient Features

VME-based open system hardware architecture with inbuilt redundancy

Microcontroller-based I/O processor with 128 I/O, 3-node MIL-STD-1553B and four

channel RS 422 interface

Inbuilt safety interlocks for release and emergency jettison of stores

Smart Standby Display Unit

Smart Standby Display Unit (SSDU) is an indigenously developed

colour AMLCD-based, 3ATI size, cockpit display and provides flight

and navigation information in a colour graphical format. SSDU

generates and displays page information as predefined pages based on

the parameters received through its digital and analog interfaces.

Salient Features

Active matrix colour LCD-based smart display of 3 (W) x 3 (H) x 9 (D)

Direct sunlight readable and fully compatible with night vision goggles.

Display with wide viewing angle

Both power on self test (POST) and initiated test

Continuous built-in test (BIT) and fault logging for maintenance

Pin programmable and the same part number can be configured for different display

instruments or as repeater.

EARLY WARNING SUITE FOR FIGHTER AIRCRAFT

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Early Warning Suite for Fighter Aircraft (EWSFA): It consists of an integrated warning system

and a jammer to be integrated and mounted inside the aircraft. The basic purpose of the system

is to warn pilot, during flight, for any threat either from ground or from air and to provide

jamming of the identified threat. This system is being integrated in MIG 27 upgrade and LCA

aircraft. Major activity relating to MIG 27 aircraft has been completed, which includes laying

of looms in production aircraft.

FALCON

Under project FALCON - a Remotely Piloted Vehicle (RPV), Nishant has been developed

as per the General Staff Qualitative Requirement (GSQR) issued by the Army. The objectives

of the project include battle field surveillance, reconnaissance, real time engagement of targets

by artillery fire and damage assessment. RPV has been developed to carry electro-optical

payloads on board for surveillance, target acquisition and target tracking. The field

configuration of NISHANT system comprises, Air Vehicles, Ground Control Station, Antenna

Tracking System, Launcher and mission Support Vehicle. Till date more than 84 development

flights have been carried out. 70 of these development flights have been towards validation ofthe air vehicle, flying and handling characteristics and to verify the flight control and

navigation systems. Army has decided to go in for induction of NISHANT through Limited

Series Production. Summer trials have been successfully conducted by DRDO for Army

evaluation. These include two shake down sorties and 12 user trial flights in realistic

operational conditions at Pokharan. Limited Series Production will commence shortly.

GROUND IMAGE EXPLOITATION SYSTEM

DRDO has established an advanced research facility for exploitation of aerial imagery. Military

and intelligence analysts can view live video imagery from UAVs. Powerful tools are also

available for further exploitation of the vital information.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become lethal and non-lethal force multipliers in

warfare, cost-effective alternatives to manned aircraft in specialised civilian roles and as

valuable test beds for aeronautical research. Besides, military applications like practice targets,

and surveillance and reconnaissance platforms

UAVs have promising applications in weather research, communications, disaster

management, pollution monitoring, and law enforcement.

Extraction and exploitation of imagery intelligence from aerial surveillance and reconnaissanceplatforms enhance understanding and interpretation of scene contents, allow military units to

see distant targets, enhance surveillance capabilities and develop cutting edge technologies in

the areas of image exploitation.

DRDO has developed and successfully commissioned a Ground Image Exploitation System

(GIES) with state-of-the-art hardware and image exploitation software to acquire, store,

retrieve, process, analyse, interpret, display and disseminate information from imagery during a

UAV mission. Aided by intelligent software tools, GIES software can perform major tasks like

target acquisition, calculation of geo-reinforced target location, distance and area computation,

real-time enhancement of low contrast imagery, image-to-map registration and firing

correction. The calculation of geo-location of targets is achieved from different sensors(DAYTV and FLIR) mounted on a UAV.

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The main modules of the GIES are Image Mosaicing, Target Identification, and Terrain

Classification.

The task of assembling individual frames from a video stream into a single giant sized image is

known as image mosaicing. The current scenario deals with a real-world situation where the

video frames and the digital flight data are obtained from a sensor mounted on UAV. The workinvolves developing different approaches of image mosaicing suitable for the present

application.

The algorithms, are being used to generate mosaics of terrain from the stream of video imagery

obtained during actual flight of the UAV.

The objective of this work is to identify a target region by reconstructing a high resolution

image using multiple low resolution images of the same region. The two basic steps of target

identification are registration and reconstruction. Registration comprises registration of number

of low resolution frames spatially translated and rotated with respect to each other, while

reconstruction comprises interpolating a initial high resolution image and minimising the costfunction to arrive at a desired high resolution version of the same image.

A wide variety of image processing applications require segmentation and classification of

image. The problem becomes complex when the images are obtained in an uncontrolled

environment without uniform illumination. The selection of a suitable feature is a critical part

of an image segmentation and classification process where the basic objective is to identify the

image regions that are homogeneous but dissimilar to all spatially adjacent regions.

KAVERI ENGINE

Kaveri engine has undergone development test of more than 1300 hours at Gas Turbine

Research Establishment and has successfully completed phase I and II of high altitude testing

at M/s CIAM, Russia. First HAL manufactured engine K6 has run to maximum capacity. The

compressor surge margin was also demonstrated in testing of core engine (C4) during June

2004. Conversion of current K9 series engines to interim flight standard is presently under

progress at GTRE, so as to integrate it with LCA by December 2006. Government has further

sanctioned Rs 2800 crore for Kaveri engine programme for all the three variants of LCA and

efforts are being made to realize the configuration of Kaveri Engine for production release by

2007.

LAKSHYA

Pilotless Target Aircraft (PTA) (named as Lakshya) is a reusable aerial target system.

Lakshya is remotely operated from ground to provide aerial target for training of gun and

Missile crew and Air Defence pilots for all the three Services. Delivery of five Lakshya

systems with 26 operational flights for Air Force have been accomplished in 2001-2002. The

first batch of Lakshya has already been delivered to the Navy. Three aircraft with Ground

Control and Support System have been handed over and four operational flights have been

conducted. Phase-I delivery for Army is planned shortly.

LIGHT COMBAT AIRCRAFT

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By June 2002, Light Combat Aircraft (Technology Demonstrator I) [LCA (TD1)] successfully

completed the first block of 12 test flights demonstrating its soundness of design. The first

block of flight tests covered gentle manoeuvres upto 2.5g, left & right rolls, handling quality

(HQ) tests, climb upto 8 km, formation flights, tower-fly-by-test, parametric identification

manoeuvres, neutral point estimation, air data calibration, landings with/without use of brake

parachute and a host of system related tests. The aircraft behaved extremely well and all the testobjectives were fully met. Analysis of the test flight results have indicated a reasonably good

match between flight tests and design objectives.

MODEL-BASED DATA FUSION

In an air defence weapon system, the radars are placed optimally considering attack and

defence profiles. These radars can be of different accuracies with possibility of tracking the

target for interception. Depending on the threat and geometry of defence units, the location of

target relative to the radars can be different. Therefore, the accuracy of target tracks from theradars is different during the mid-course and homing guidance. Hence, it is imperative to

improve tracking accuracy in order to reduce the miss distance. The fusion of target state

vectors can improve the tracking accuracy.

The model-based data fusion technique, which is state vector fusion in essence, has been

developed by DRDO for accuracy improvement in x, y, z components, guarding against data

loss from a sensor, increasing the number of measurements during homing, and bump less

transfer within the sensor set. The technique can be used in real time to provide data to the

guidance system with better accuracy and reliability.

Salient Features

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Synchronized measurements not required

Measurement extrapolation avoided

Centralised fusion of distributed sources possible

RECOVERY PARACHUTE SYSTEM FOR LIGHT COMBAT AIRCRAFT

It is mandatory for a combat aircraft to demonstrate its spin recovery capability during flight

test programme. The purpose of this system is to provide emergency recovery of aircraft from

an inadvertent spin in case the aircraft controls are ineffective and are unable to pull it out of

spin. The recovery is achieved by deployment of a parachute, which applies an anti-moment

force at the rear of the out of control aircraft bringing its nose down further. This brings the

aircraft into a controlled stabilized dive and helps it to come out of spin/deep stall. DRDO has

developed such parachutes for the flight test of LCA. The test altitude envelope for LCA (9500

kg weight) is 2 km to 12 km.

Armaments

Available Technologies

The following are the Major Technologies developed by Armament Laboratories :-

ARDE, Pune

FSAPDS technology for Lower caliber ammunition and for barrel having progressing

rifling.

Barrel manufacture in Aluminium alloy material for Small Arms.

Active sensor based on induction-balanced principle for Influence Mine.

Lead magnesium niobiate-Lead titanate(PMN-PT) electroceramics for actuator and

sensor applications.

Technology for nano PZT powder.

Free flight rocket launching technology.

Electronic fuzes for artillery shells, bombs and mine.

Pre-fragmented, Incendiary and shaped charge warheads.

PZT materials for defence and civilian applications.

, Fire/Explosion Detection and Suppression System for Missile

launchers/Magazines/Barbettes.

Fire Extinguisher for Candle Smoke Composition.

High Altitude Foam Extinguisher.

Integrated Fire and Explosion Suppression System for Armoured Fighting Vehicles.

HEMRL, Pune

Composite Propellant.

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Composite Modified Double Base(CMDB)Propellants.

Fuel Rich propellants.

Cast Double Base propellants.

Protective liner for Increasing gun barrel life.

Combustible Cartridge Case.

Explosive Reactive Armour(ERA). Case Bonded Rocket Motors.

Explosive Detection Kit.

Incendiary Composition.

TBRL, Chandigarh

Baffle Range for Small firing practices.

Electro explosive Device.

Slapper Detonator.

Bund Blasting Device

Multi Mode Grenade.

Combat Engineering

Major Products/Technologies/Developments

30 mm HE Grenade for AGL

ABHAY

Amphibious Floating Bridge & Ferry System

AJEYA

Artificial Intelligence-Based Geocomputational System Bridge Layer Tank

Geo-Environmental Monitoring Systems

High Speed Low Drag Aircraft Bombs

Impressed Current Cathodic Protection

Charge Line Mine Clearing Equipment

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