IWRM Guidelines at

River Basin Level Environment Volume

CITARUM RIVER BASIN

(INDONESIAN CASE STUDY)

INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENTIN

INDONESIA

Presented inASEAN Water ConferenceBITEC, Bangkok - Thailand

1-4 June, 2011

Republic of IndonesiaMinistry of Public WorksDirectorate General of Water Resources

Ni Made SumiarsihChief of Sub Directorate of River Basin Planning

INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENTIN

INDONESIA

Presented inASEAN Water ConferenceBITEC, Bangkok - Thailand

1-4 June, 2011

Republic of IndonesiaMinistry of Public WorksDirectorate General of Water Resources

Ni Made SumiarsihHead of Sub Directorate of River Basin Planning

• Archipelago : 17,500 Islands• Population : 229 millions • Irrigated Land : 7.27 million hectares• River Basin : 133 RB• Varied rainfall distribution from 800 – 4,000 mm/yea r

Floods a

nd Dro

ught

solid waste solid waste solid waste solid waste disposaldisposaldisposaldisposal pollution

high

population

DEFORESTATION

18.500,000 ha in

critical condition.

Source : Indonesia Climate Change Sectoral Roadmap 2010

Water resources shall be managed comprehensively, in integrated manner and with environmental perspective, with the objective of realizing sustainable water resources benefits for optimal people welfare

Water resources have social, environmental, and economic functions that are harmoniously performed and realized

The state shall guarantee the right of people in obtaining water for minimum daily basic needs to fulfill a healthy, clean and productive life

abbreviation :

C = WR

Conservation

U = WR Utilization

D = Control of

Water Destructive Power

PP = Public

Participation

WRIS = WR Information

System

WR MANAGEMENT PROCESSPLAN, EXECUTE, MONITOR AND EVALUATE

WRIS

Citarum River Basin, West Java

•Area of 13,000 sq km

•Home for more than 17 millions people.

•The basin supplies 80% of Jakarta’s, the capital of Indonesia water needs,

• Irrigation for 390,000 ha

•Generates 1,400 MW of electricity.

�Deteriorating infrastructure, competing water demands, rapid urban,industrial growth, and inadequate institutional capacity have led to water supply shortages and unhealthy environmental condition.

Citarum river originated from mount Wayang (elevation 2,198 m amsl) south of Bandung the Capital city of West Java Province.

From a total length of 270 km, in its first 25 km confluence, the river follows a steep slope, before reaching middle part for about 150 km starting at Bandung. In the last 70 km, the river meanders across an alluvial plain before reaching the Java Sea.

The average annual precipitation in the region is 2,400 mm, where the upper catchment receive heaviest rainfall exceeding 4,000 mm annually.

The basin covers 9 districts and 3 cities, with total population of 17.8 million in 2003, of which 30% of them are working in agriculture, 25% in industry and 45% in services.

The population is projected to rise to 21.3 million by 2010

PHYSICAL CONDITION

There are three major dams as cascade reservoir in the River, Saguling dam at the vicinity of Bandung city, Cirata dam in the middle and Jatiluhur dam in the lower part. The first two dams are mainly to generate power, whereas Jatiluhur dam is a multipurpose dam. After Jatiluhur, water is delivered through three main canals namely West, North and East Tarum Canals.

The area is a key rice producer in the country. There are a total of 390,000 ha of irrigated paddy fields, of which a total of 240,000 ha served by Jatiluhur reservoir.

The basin has two major most heavily populated and urbanized cities. These are Bekasi as a satellite city of Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, and Bandung, the capital city of West Java province.

Industrial areas are generally interwoven with settlements and clustered along the corridor of expressway linking Jakarta and Bandung.

• D:\Imam Santoso\Roadmap-for-a-Better-

Future-Citarum_Page_03.jpg

Irrigation 390,000 Ha17,800,000 (50% Urban)

Settlement in River Area

/Flood Discharge Zone

GROUNDWATER OVER EXTRACTION

Subsidence is severe and basin wide:

– Not only at DayeuhKolot, but many other places

– From 1988 more than 3-4 meter subsidence

– Severe impact on river hydraulics (and flooding)

– Irreversible aquifer damage starting

Profile Transect of Subsidence Annual Average, 1994-2009

Needs for :

• Increase surface raw water

supply

• Groundwater recharge

• Ground water pricing and

licensing regulation

improvement

• Law enforcement

18

FISHERIES AND HYACINTHS

Uncontrolled expansion of fish cage

operations is exacerbating the effects of

polluted water

Improper or excessive fish feeding in the

floating cages adds to the waste load as

unconsumed feed accumulates on the

reservoir bed

Excess of water hyacinths in waterways Fish cages in Saguling

Needs for :

• Provision of alternative source of incomes for communities

• Biogas generation from hyacinths

• Public awareness campaign and law enforcement

22 22

SindangSindangSindangSindang

HeulaHeulaHeulaHeula

Canal 2Canal 2Canal 2Canal 2

JatiluhurJatiluhurJatiluhurJatiluhur

TelagaTelagaTelagaTelaga

HerangHerangHerangHerang

Pondok BendaPondok BendaPondok BendaPondok Benda NarogongNarogongNarogongNarogong

0.80.80.80.8

7.97

2.6

19.7

18.8

6.

7

15

13.3

22.5

CidanauCidanauCidanauCidanau

KrencengKrencengKrencengKrenceng

incr easeincr easeincr easeincr ease

Pasir KopoPasir KopoPasir KopoPasir Kopo

KarianKarianKarianKarian

LimoLimoLimoLimo

Salak countourSalak countourSalak countourSalak countour

SagulingSagulingSagulingSaguling

SantosaSantosaSantosaSantosa

CisangkuyCisangkuyCisangkuyCisangkuyCiwideyCiwideyCiwideyCiwidey

CimetaCimetaCimetaCimeta

Fix flowFix flowFix flowFix flow

CibatruaCibatruaCibatruaCibatrua

SukawanaSukawanaSukawanaSukawana

CikapundungCikapundungCikapundungCikapundungCitarikCitarikCitarikCitarik

KedalamanKedalamanKedalamanKedalaman

SerangSerangSerangSerang

CilegonCilegonCilegonCilegon

Lebak, PandeglangLebak, PandeglangLebak, PandeglangLebak, Pandeglang

TangerangTangerangTangerangTangerang

BogorBogorBogorBogor

(Kab(Kab(Kab(Kab----Kota)Kota)Kota)Kota)

DepokDepokDepokDepok

KarawangKarawangKarawangKarawang

PurwakartaPurwakartaPurwakartaPurwakarta

SubangSubangSubangSubang

BandungBandungBandungBandung

Unregulated:Unregulated:Unregulated:Unregulated:

----KatulampaKatulampaKatulampaKatulampa

----EmpangEmpangEmpangEmpang

44 44

CilawangCilawangCilawangCilawang

TanjungTanjungTanjungTanjung

77 77

22 22 0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

Genteng 2Genteng 2Genteng 2Genteng 2

22 22

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

8.88.88.88.8

12121212

3030303052.552.552.552.5

WTWTWTWTCCCC ETETETET

CCCC

NTNTNTNT

CC CC

55555555

0.80.80.80.8

8888

1.61.61.61.6

1.21.21.21.2

11 111.46

1.46

1.46

1.46

1.61.61.61.6

0.80.80.80.8

RKI - 2030

????

2015

CirataCirataCirataCirata

20252025202520252222

6.46.46.46.4

38383838

44 44

77 77

14.6

14.6

14.6

14.6

12.4 (2030)

12.4 (2030)

12.4 (2030)

12.4 (2030)

0.8 (irr) + 0.8

0.8 (irr) + 0.8

0.8 (irr) + 0.8

0.8 (irr) + 0.8

2.22.22.22.2

44 44

4.84.84.84.8

Unregulated:Unregulated:Unregulated:Unregulated:

CisadaneCisadaneCisadaneCisadane

Unregulated:Unregulated:Unregulated:Unregulated:

----CitereupCitereupCitereupCitereup

1.81.81.81.8

3333

41.6

DKI Jakarta

Bekasi

Conflict between Spatial Plan and Food Security Policy

RTRW

Location of Population /

Irrigated Area and related water needs

Zoning Definition and

Impact of WRD on Spatial

Planning

POLA / RENCANA

Spatial LawUU 26/2007

Spatial LawUU 26/2007

Water Law Water Law

UU 7/2004,UU 7/2004,

PP 42/2008PP 42/2008

Integrated Planning Strategy for Space & Water

� A strategic environmental management plan (EMP) was prepared in parallel with and as an integral part of the basin road map formulation.

� Program interventions cover: i) to remediate existing environmental problems and enhance

environmental quality, ii) to strengthen environmental management capacity, and iii) to mitigate possible adverse impacts.

� The basin road map was prepared with the main goal is for sustainable management of water resources for economic and social development.

� The immediate objective is to improve water availability and quality for integrated and participatory water resources management

IWRM APPROACHIWRM APPROACH

IWRM Spiral of Citarum River Basin

Environmental Management Frameworks

An innovative cooperation-based approach to industrial pollution control has been adopted in the late 1980s. Clean River Programwas promising but had not been sustained in the basin and throughout the country due to the change of government in 1998.

Remediation and/or amelioration of adverse water related environmental conditions;

Capacity development in environmental management;

Mitigation measures to address potential adverse impacts resulting mainly from the water utilization

Three sets of environmental management activities are presented below:

1. Improved Basin Management Organization

To address current institutional arrangements which are characterized by highly sectoral approach and lack of coordination

2. Improvement of Regulatory and Enforcement Framework

Due to the weak and fragmented regulatory and authority frameworks, the government has adopted a comprehensive approach to deal with pollution problems based on cooperation. The program has only limited to large polluters. The current weaknesses of the water regulatory systems are due to the effect of rapid decentralization of govenment since 2000 which have led the Districts into the frontline of environment regulation .

3. New management strategies (raw water &waste water charges)

By introducing the use of economic instruments to define the proper pricing of both raw water and waste water which are intended toinduced voluntary restraint on water use and waste water disposal

The action activities are : The action activities are :

Water quality is the key indicator of IWRM effectiveness and sustainability. Therefore water quality monitoring is expanded to address policy and planning needs, specifically for area-wide water quality management. This is not limited to industries, but covers as well various diffuse and unregulated sources.

4. Water Quality Monitoring

5. Environmental Impact Mitigation and Monitoring Measures

The development of mitigation and monitoring measures is supported by the use of modern tools such as modeling and Decision supportsystem.

6. Community Empowerment

Capacity building of communities and NGOs across the basin for improved participation in environment policy development, planning and management is a key factor.

The action activities are : The action activities are :

MASUK HALAMANMASUK HALAMANMASUK HALAMAN

To establish sustainable water resources development

THANK YOUTHANK YOUTHANK YOUTHANK YOU