CL 2/7 /,322 1 Consett~ Pvtrff2f99

3Ctp . _/-b COSOL/DAooA: MAlr/ooE O, Fm',L sS;rrAw7

2 S2d eU

2, S /(cLive (°mpu a tioJ 2

3. RSch@s o /uvm CAngc 3

4. dchatrvj CC7ae PCOnf)JdIO/4 PfXU~sO '3

4,17

4.3 UIAaw . S ~4, - ,t c

4.~ 4, . /4, -

1 Sctc~i,

A5z £sE46(1

. (;caphitc IAcodM s vv Esbm¢'4 tp i

7. ,49S&i ecnts f 6 ,E3S fd f 0/ n / DitiG6er4e /3

7.2 4utt aq

' f¢ o t o/, 7m .VP Er-of- P'',ry (Eop)

,.' ys d t~ p ~ / ;'C.2 lv/v 4 6 6 OP o *&u J &4f 4a. CA3 C

e,4 CG7

/IJCC A/,.eouS 7

. P Ft ou9.a . cb (s ).~

/° Pacc4 P 6ki (k",n'- Prob/ed) L .

__ l i

- ]B - L

_ ' ' A - -

_ 3 3_ XC nT

_ S C_

_ _i_

. I. A zi-

;;c

'"

CCQ/3/87 /e32Z

3/'' /-D CO4SOC LWA4 /O7Z, /4N/V/D70 OF F/A/6L SET7Tfi4J=,

/. ROLE O OE or7E! (/-D Conso//l/al70ln rst)

/,b Od/ecAv ot 7t -

3) op'AA - t.4#4a

4' t(,5 . /L/D! eb Ic 0wIu6%

u5) ~ - 'e< b .....7- ,4.... P6W/

1.2 Std. Procdutr -/ncr-cnecnl (T?7 02435-1o)

) SQ nyg 0, o./ a" WA ?

2) L/ l( o)

Whvt redct. ? 6

3) tC ' Z. (-d: h, A t Eop?

4) z01sc-

S' - a~, culF C - (ca

5Q~~~n! ~-p,~dL

8 t 0

E ' 2 7

.~~~~~~~~~~~~i _ /05 <,

4---

t

;:ff

•l~ '

Cc ·3/3/e I. 32 /-L /? · _3// 77LO 7 3rlC/Pb

?, fLl-EL,41FA Cb7 ompzx,4710AA

0

ee·= C ; CR Cc40 o e f4

/Avt A&nc dAA w

4 old, .4

J~7 'IL (Pit' Cd /I I Of /:VC

Z H (Ri log p/co CR 6og Cvf/dp)

2) 17/Xp zv&U44,&- para.-,% s?

s) Mo f nrporcan t Vlrow/ = IIP

3

2,3 Qscu.sonrtsco. t ,

2 ) TP/on or v a J/ c c

( s.50 me/I, sh, /~-O, 3Ct

CL -* 0.Z5 fo I (LAd. CCff 0. 3s tal J

3) Typlca/ v/lues o Re ' 8/-0.2, {,s4.' s-

t)C...gt*;~u~h~ Rf CR) d 2lhtt2 e ~ Ey~ra~h(2 r~owl9-r oi 4 {-)e, ~~L~r ~cT~ '~~llpf r~

(z) -~j Ay-r4 4 *R~s1 (im& is.

<<<

II$mU'icl"I"00zzzc.- cc._co._- wo

I. >

1 s s

/O-yQ

a

2

/

?2 gv (vn

4

/ 3 2 -CC 319 7 /- D er IC � 4d -F

,e/ 112 - ble r

I :4, /- A,

6

r

/) Ft n f6i fc

IAq 2/q7 -3o

_/kFCNf/SV/1MS OF VOLZ06E CH/ /E.,

2) Chan / l dose.ssf" pcicng (econJ7n orlnlabo)

3) Chngt porbche o pQeoSo s/chnt c conact%

4 ') c i'ck cru j,,n 5

C/ay af/occs .gg/gaS.ad

E C NI4/5$ C WIs G- pREcoELMsLD/on4O PReFsU5RE

C,/ PAagscz/ $iu9/)/concc

_ , - I T - P

W/ec/ l5rss 7r /- DV/oad q sepo re a/v

it 2/q3?4C' behAvor - lo//l sfr / ->- racvMe/e

vS '"p/OAG c i bah4w/or

I

.K I

%

- / ee str/ns, r mt no-Y(o Qjb/cI

I log T- /0

C- - / / 3 .'I

3,

Af'd., c/

_ _

10,, 3131/ 7 Y-o ifc~-=,Paw/,32Z

4.

4

TABLE V SF 85 (6Preconsolidation Pressure Mechanisms (For Horizontal Deposits with eostatic Stresses)

43 ",chonical"

a) C/I) Oeriurden

2) rior s/ica3) Gcia~ioi

aa-= .- A

4) WoMc -EZ ( Qod/$, /978 9,d)

OT't Adr nwveiJ /.341 A/s tla &d-f

D=

0.92= =

...OOO==<--ooo ~o

;. .a

Vru Z1r

Stress In situCategory Description History Stress Remarks / References

Profile Condition

A) Mechanical 1) Changes in total vertical Uniform Ko, but value Most obvious and easiestOne Dimensional stress (overburden, with at given OCR to identify

glaciers, etc.) constant varies for

2) Changes in pore pressure ( axe rload vs.(water table, seepage withconditions, etc.) seepage)

B) Desiccation 1) Drying due to evaporation Often Can deviate Drying crusts found atvegetation, etc. highly from Ko, e.g. surface of mostland depo-

erratic isotropic sitsi can be'at depth2) Drying due to freeing capillary within deltaic deposits

stresses

C) Drained Creep 1) Long term Uniform Ko, but not Leonards and Altschaeffl(Aging) secondary compression with necessarily (1964); Bjerrum (1967)

constant normallya / Ovo consolidated

value

D) Physico-Chemi 1) Natural cementation due Poorly understood andcal to carbonates, silica, often difficult to prove.

etc. Not No Very pronounced in eastern

2) Other causes of bonding Uniform Information greyCanad (1972), ayBi, errgum (1973San-due to ion exchange,thixotropy, "weathering"Quigley (1980)etc.

Consnf···/~~~~~~~-- _

kfu

CCL 33'8 7 /3222b7 2/?9 J

4

2cxlh Cy) #O/fom)

,-

16--- 7 i il 9t->/°oj

/ /r-/0 (WI 9g4 cuui)

IS~d~i

roAitc, .

To ko)j rTu,') Ongtok

1 4 5/rscQ/on (Sryenisc#r )

) Evct ora/ t - v c/e t , edA.

t'*C>t?+C42 (XDP @L) tjnr cvcoy YaX

2) /Frost

0 t0 C - K &t A J o- sCvdu 5M

Ko or t

C,-.-Tl ~ ~ 0

f(~en W I '- .-r ObservTc dt/Acu; f/oodIp/47,

T Tdad knd O /a dce/oo, (h,D/cr)

6/ UIL. ,,.w nr 7. P v .

Se 0/(vz y (/m 4) p54

I.

I

7..

1Iv

t,' I

Ik

4re

b) Ahriqs/On - -

Pump /ng

A-di Lr

I f fI _ · · · __··_ I --1 r// -v Pc ?4~4Z

+1 f

b) 6 i a Ovu dda Q I

/) Wq r 7-c 4 /

-T,

3

" ,. . .. -,s ---

Limit of ice

LEGEND

ShellGyttja

PeatWood

80o 75o

Extent of the "classical" Wisconsin glaciation of North America

70o 65o 60o 55o

40o

U.S.A Advance

?

?Lake Erie

Lake Ontario

Canada

10,85010,63010,70010,55010,200

Y - 215Y - 216L - 604 AL - 604 BL - 604 D

9,450I(GSC)-3

9,5705-100

10,870GCS-90

Nicolet

Drummondville

Champlain Sea

Quebec

Bersimis

North BayLake

Huron

11,950I(GSC)-2911,570

Y-691

Ottawa

10,600L-604C

11,370Y-233

12,100L-678

14,250W-735

13,800L-598A

&

11,950W-947

13,325I(GSC)-7

12,720GSC-102

12,940GSC-B9

11,950GSC-75

12,410GSC-101

Gulf of St. Lawrence

St. Lawrence River

12,080W-883

13,280Y-502

14,240Y-950/51 Boston

Atlantic Ocean

12,100 date, yrs. B.P.L-678

80o 75o 50o55o60o65o70o

45o

50o

50o

45o

40o

Figure by MIT OCW.

Figure by MIT OCW.

-600

Time, Years before Present

Boston, Sea-level and Post-Glacial Crustal Movements

02,0004,0006,0008,00010,00012,00014,00016,000

-160

-120

-80

-40

met

ers

40

1.7 ft.2.3ft.18ft.29ft.

55 ft.min.95 ft.min.

27 ft.min.23 ft.min.

5 ft.min.

ca. 30ft.?

?

Movement of a pointlocated today at sea level

Sea-level curve from Fig1

-400

-200

Pres

ent-d

ay E

leva

tion

(fee

t)

0

200

5o

Germany

Poland

Baltic Sea

Sweden

OsloNorway

Skagerak

North Sea

Extent of the Weichsel Glaciation of Europe

Scotland

England

Denmark

Finland

0o5o 10o 15o 20o

50o

25o

55o

60o60o

55o

50o

25o20o15o10o5o0o5o

Lim it of ice advance

Figure by MIT OCW.

/,322 /-D %F(

4 7 /o , I

4.r ar4linec/Crc (Sc.GCo6r. qr)

*4 Alo t: 5 oi' r, c t 4tIe p J O i.iLK ,O PAysleche

-- ITp

c/<Ice ao45sNA, cyc/es

2

3

CR o (/:V6)

oce

/.23/Of ~VC

C Mes ri e C4so (J66 3/81)

C, 1r Olt -A tR / /v)

. t,4 7/'

. /6-,./,

C/ ICR

OC(/) m m-EC /-f > /-cNf: or5^%rcufJ'3 6><V/SCLSS/o,

')$ Dop' h-i m FOR Pa &AoLof d4t rPra

2) Tyto r 3q /a Bjerum (O72) /nc4 aW w,^ 9 Ip

Pc

COx

PLASTICITY INDEX, PI(%) rp

Fig. 39 Precompression of late glacialand post glacial clays attributedto aging.

Why , ffkp1a S"IlutCCLr,4, IC4j) ?

404.Ja;e A- t, < /4.R"w-1G i sw or mj Sf 'l

3) Wudc YGt 47r;;

0 Yetl " AICr A4 oi- IPWatclj62 y " A C , f t t;

? s , $,. ,,

(CL 3'/37

M"

mmoI -11-"c

1-1

z"1-14 1/3o

- I I61

sOcP·et i( Ip)

-1 .

Par- Ir I :

8? /.322 _

2/fPAscc7 -ec/

PX Y.5 / C - C1 encrll a (3ec Table v,o4)

i) /2J/sYSS/o1 ( C7,O on r O cui'as of "o'ndn )

"Ce.,0, ; tc*0 ,~l,4L .' / "a-F m a ~p ~A4 t ' /f7.

,i, <- ~ h~, · e,g,4 Ahc .a2) 4aggep- JIs rdy -6 (p8)

Sh, c av /z h r $yn4/ ta ?o

I-D07Tt$V > d"Op

f/r x a Ift s 'O a c ;

· b~roo acdr da& clab 16 0 o 2 O/m vu.e*0O,- oo o41So B4'77 /6 O 200 ' .a * G 0* 80 a a c , M v o v.Ic *, L

,alS c +-eh~c~, ("3//is.j) cnd A dhirvcy C/4ancg sw -z + At' d 4 ko on3 cie t~tr - L

-;Cc~d: i/( tt 4 5?dA27 (W 4p#

- G~VLC~c nC °/, CGG C03^lU~M/78/JrA'4ogr9 (D9a) aL8 frl,&/4)

-C-

.mi,Xr

r-

71 2

V I 7 ff l -/, P, L 71

Z, 0

I

I J.5 cyj-/, 4 Vt.

20

Dep

th, z

(m)

18

16

14

1210

86

42

0

Crust

Marine Clay

LacustrineClay

Till

0 1 2 30Profile

Indices10 20 30 IP

IP(%) CKoU

'σvo

IL

IL

100Stress History (kPa)

200

Selected profile

σp on Blocksamples'

300

Frost}

Test Locations

Symbol Sample

James Bay B-5Marine:Block

AGS CHMArine:Tube

9

42

2.8

0.6

95

85

Ip(%) IL σvo'

1026

24

20Verti

cal S

train

, εv(

%)

Log Scale σvc (kPa)'

16

12

8

4

0

20 40

CasagrandeConstruction

Min. Max.

Min. Radius

Probableσvo'σp'

σp'

100 200 400 1000

σp'

a

b

B-6

0

20

16

12

8

4

0

100 200Consolidation Stress, σvc (kPa)

Verti

cal S

train

, εv

(%)

Compression curves for clays having different preconsolidation pressure mechanisms(a) Semi-Log scale; (b) Natural scale.

'300 400 500 600 700 800

James Bay: CementationAGS CH: Mechanical and/or desiccation

Note:Most likely mechanism causing σp > σvo' 'B-6

Laboratory σvc

q/σp

In situ σp

'

'

q/σp'

p'/σp

φ'= 35o

'

σvo/σp' '

σp'

'

0

0

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

a) Normalized Stress-Strain Data from CKoUC Tests

b) Normalized Effective Stress Paths and Yield Envelopes

1 2 3Axial Strain, εa(%)

4 5 6 7 8

0.34

1.33

Destructured

Intact

0.80

Intactyield envelope

Destructured yield envelope

TC ESP atin situ OCR

Kc = 0.36Large Strain TCat in situ OCR

(a) Normalized Stress-Strain, (b) Effective Stress Paths and Approximate Yield Envelopes from CKoU Tests on James Bay B-6 Marine Clay.

σvo = 60 kpa, ' σp = 145 - 150 kPa'

At z = 6.3mIp = 16%, IL = 1.3

At in situ OCR:

Normally Consolidated: TC and TE (Destructured)

Triaxial Compression (TC)Triaxial Extension (TE)

' ' 'Lab σvc in situ σp: Peak qp(TC)/σp<

Figures by MIT OCW.

0

40

0.1 0.5

104LEGEND

55

Plasticity Index, %Range of apparent maximum past pressure, casagrandeconstruction (Data from Geotechnical Engineers, INC.)

Data from this study and McKown

Apparent Maximum Past Pressure vs. Log CalciumCarbonate Content for Pierre Shale Specimens

10487

61

62

57

2 tests

2 tests 3 tests

76

50

52

70 4238

44

69

7055

59

46

σp =70 15+_'

1.0Calcium Carbonate Content, %

App

aren

t M

axim

um P

ast

Pre

ssur

e,

σ vm

, kg/

cm2

5 10 50 100

5

10

15

20

25

100

200

300

σ vm

, MPa

Figure by MIT OCW.

Adpated from:

O O

I

0

0 0N r

U°5 nfi

o 0 0- N

I I I

0I

0

0I

0I

0 0I

0 0 0 0( - 00

I I I I

ov0- CQ 0 0 0 =0 0 - - (

m m cn mn (1 a

3l * < ( o-e~ooo.

(IJ) NOILVA'Ia

L 3/3/3 /,32Z2/27/97

-................... . . ................... ' " ' o ... ..............." ... ..0-> l~

!r C

< <00<1

E-

z0

0U)

z

4 >

z'I) 0-0o>z'C

ZO

o

#s E

-!b!

-4

(O Uo06

oE-

r,) OU2

CW

0ocq o

O

(0

rbU-) -

)

12z

o0

1 I I I 1 I I~~~~~~~~~~~

............... . .. ....... .... ... .... ... .... ........... ...... . ..... ...... .... . ... .... ... . . .... ... W ... ..... . ... . ...... .... .. .. .........-- .

....... .. .. ....... .. ... .

O.

. .. .... .. . ..... ... .... . ... ... ....-

e 0 0............... ...... ..................... . ...................-

'O r

6

j - - - - 1CCL 3/3/67 /1 322 )/gS

3/1/6 3 2/97 /Cq

5. S 8PLtO DISTWV6AJcE (Ste r-F. 2-6, i4 )

I

NE- Vo/Ibdi/y ofpQr,//ozsumplion vs cchnistr;

(W4t4L fC&midg)

I

B~

I

/03 vc.

5,2 Ecs of /Dl/rnce

2) Ob5ct r Jsadly ower sf. p

3) 5,gn;fance /ntr. rCOmorassovn ComrqSf,&,/h

,'. Jho3cu/d /¢C/ude ?

4) :t/,. /o,C r/gn co,pn?,',/,,y

* dc/ 2-2 -/ow-o1decr 5

,^CC~rt s CR CI ~//5t05 c bt Cn cm mucAr

rOsfo v/r gs 02s-, a,7 (pi/) 1

roou~ o,~,- o.s*6 l{n~i/b

'Mu

.,11

14zG

5.,/ schemlac

mode, o /htrb(n

f ! * · vl -- · �' - II1/-'O -Pr PGf

I-

IIN,

('kd4

/,322 Airt EIUL

- Rconstrctl n of In s/fu Compr.ss5/onOCurve u/5i7y9 chmnrt1monns M/lfhod

gsK(l1Ss) V"104r. Ad c, cd', /95t ThN 4sc ;/20, /20OI-/2

/IO. CCZ Atw Hj, (LOtA4) 4ta tt,4Onp eYt 4Cat c4,o." o -/ Ae &* /qQ T

UVO

5042 7p/e)

;0,42(,

As/um ed

3hould b tymwactrol Obouf --r " I

I,

Consoid aton trSX J s

-I t,,, P -L

(CCt 3/2/9

o.

.0

3:OA

.,

- -

- - I~~~~T.,., (0-,5Lmdncj) = T

alv (10,q co/,Z

-40-

CCL 3,3/'87 /b32a 2I /-D F / 'a I6/~ 21~G,9P~fC6L ,/#vlE7da r , 14(/o

6 GP#C/)L ETHOID -O ,ST/MztT£ pf

lf 2 Csrg/ndc(AC)

* folf Cgmn e , U.X SfIdrudlsIc 3c&4 : 'CL prt 4< 3c 4 4t eb,,i~M 1V / LC c / z% e Jh12A

Add ,i/n -m. >

6,3 ckten mnqn(Fn . 2-6 , oAX/o0) E 0

/Vo ltlhcci usc t 5incz s* /iClvn,7Lgge -, /fl/,lLCrv% .,7

'/* r A4 L/cAY- co LOW OCR* CCL pq&i Led44y f (not Ccu j /LAuAwOU -_ Wq

L- it, rA1 h4 :%1 e t S- A , VCL7-e -~1;45 4 wr0 SelhQD, VLs LVI..I/i~ .*ij7P4~f·T. .'J

gil 2u/e"r-I/td (/?7? Jed, Ao)

/o ( t)-

./,3(I/O(/ -E)]

,---- - /f Mont vch hoaky\c cit - ,WT y r /e ce n no vah/i

'a~\ -· 'Ci-"'~~(e,9. 1zi .v4)

I

6,/ S~ ran Frr y -- rk/jtn; Vodo (Cv& /31)

Sat p /2 fp/e ( d A d W 'eYdcA,4 t; "o t, CR Am VCL)

U d4oO Ce-'4 ·.- j, -la.ty . 0 4c' , COrmenda-oS,. ̂ ~ ~ c , ,~c y uLo

6. ~5 F r4~4 o-'cj . 6/ au47 i.* pt

) /c, SE Zoci t I PoV

.

14 `

II

i~ ~ I

11,

/1322 1-D rl A.a PrCc 3 1,322z i /

0 . Z

0 0 0 0 0 = () e^

//O,,/ it 757$ (laej) uoWIAe l30f0Jd

jN - tv~~

- 4.- -)

o t~ , '

Q

4

C 0=

w, -I-

0 E

to - -

Y,~~~~~~1

0 :ZEIC

Ladd et al. (I 9e?)

o

11

0.1

-20

0

20

Proj

ect E

leva

tion

(fee

t)

40

60

80 0.095

0.2 0.3 0.4Compression Ratio (CR)

Virgin Compression Ratio vs. Elevation at SB and

EB Test Sites

0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

Oedometer - DisturbedOedometer - TubeOedometer - BlockCRSC - TubeCRSC - Block

SB C

rust

CKo - TX

EB C

rust

0.125

20

Verti

cal S

train

, εv

(%)

Vertical Effective Stress, σv (KSF)

Typical 1-D Compression Curves for Boston Blue Clay at SB Site

'

15

10

5

0

1 10

(0.2)

(0.18)

(0.19 constant)

(0.48)

OED 8EI.9.5

Possible curve

CRS 24EI.55.1OCR=3.20

CRS 19EI.4.0OCR=1.12

100

σvo CR( )' 'σp

Figure by MIT OCW.

Figure by MIT OCW.

Adapted from:

I I ..4

Y" S79RA/#1 IER 4'c/w -'Woey PEa uAIr Voiu7E6

() Crobs Gronn (/le7), eyfc (6(2)

(2) 4vVenac, f (7f), of. 2()

(3) ¢ckr, Crooks, een , getr-aes (/e87), Con.,o-7,, 4(4)

Sir,- FhQrg work' , O/zum ( 'rd, ;e, , d,, , t d,3)f kO0dnomflSiAr Wvf/Vd, = (CA ev) or a , no

R'41' 3) 'rVCA, Jts 0T6e tqfurgt

7Qcihniwae 'A WRa4) : o641 60fa YEDTY

/ /51/7u skAsscs,

(Jee p l2e)

I

/I

/

,/ o - /,-,,IU/_ n/0 i

0 I/ 'O/O~ ~ c~~~~~ I'P b b,:~~~~~~~~

e > 9CCO

w2 -7 v2

i v; 'r

1.u~V-1

II

14'cOCI'

I

TO

I

WI

~4J

bt,I

1C1- 0-'II

(/)

Fno / a,

Se I -- I

orJ

,f , ,_ - _ , , , , {-

Fl"n / c- -

CCZ /7,/Qc

_ _--�-"

I

I

10PJ

,--O--- I -- 4wl

, loccllJr

I

'-O-O -=

/I ? 2 I -D cf PK

20

40 See detail above

W (k

J/m

3 )

W (kJ/m3)

60

80

00

4

8

12

16

200 400Stress (kPa)

600

Depth = 25.8m below Seabed

Vertically trimmed oedometer sample

800

100

120

00 400 800

Horizontal Effective Stress (kPa)

Work per unit volume interpretation of VTO test on overconsolidated Beaufort Sea clay.

1200 1600 2000 2400 2800

A

A

'σhy'σh

'σho

B

{{

Beaufort Sea Clay

Figure by MIT OCW.

N#MP

CCt I"/#/df

e/26'11 322 LCCt 3sr/c t'It.~~ ~ 1 1 1 1 1 I i I . t i 1 1: ! 1 12c:' A<T'- 1 ---1-1.-- -i -

.. l.. I iI i : I : I i: t I: : I ....~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~_ ..i ' !::i!r:::~ -' '/ :.-.-... .. ..... ... ..... .m · .a ,.... . ... .

__~tA s 4 {Ac) - /, 751 0,718 (p (J- (se)

i"'I.i....:.. ~-~ ' ... , .. ' .. ,; i' .......... _t./"i - _,,,.: ..:?'' _: :_: .' I l~ ::;:,:c I.."!'-' / :/ y / 6 !' . - ,D(4C): sp. E) , " . .... .. '., :1: 1. 1 1 i I I.. :.i::' K.: :

.. .. ,,

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; Ccc�l�crSofr�t;�/O

Fi Componon of Precanml/daoonPremurq,5r;natte froCOrisopnda 01nd Shvi4Fn fryy rchmn vos for I7 OCdontartRs4s on B8C (flac/pzstdn smO/c 16o s Oawo4)

A Cosogronde aI, (sl)

?C / 27/97 1322 Como/, /arff32/?9 3/9

7 /55 F55*16/T O EFFEC5 OF 54#PLE D/s5rpjA'ccr OCA1

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3

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4) 7PPm('9) Sb/c (PacbY dviSfl6hn ( 46j) OCO< 4l PIfi4/ Psap1#,Ad5( 0 ^a4 T 4°Vc c. 4· LhtO I9/~iP tU4 In·Gb- (i p/^d) ~

... 3 gr;>>>os_,a_v$.r__ _ _ _ l.

rz-oty

" r..C8E'); z,:Ei

- r ' 9

_ .r _ $_v

7

0.10

4

8

12

0.2 0.5

Consolidation Stress, σvc

Coe

ffic

ient

of

Con

soli

dati

onc v

(10

-4 c

m2 /

sec)

(kg/cm2)

1 2 5

30

25

20Ver

tica

l S

trai

n, ε

v (%

)

15

10

Symbol

2nd

2nd testOCR = 1.15CR = 0.36

Effect of Disturbance on Oedometer Test Data:

Sample F1S57 (Depth = 128 FT)

1st test"OCR" = 0.56

CR = 0.25

σvm=1.35

18 66.5 0.51

Test No. TV (TSF)wN (%)

5

0

10

1st 12 64.8 0.30

σvm=2.75

σvo

Figure by MIT OCW.

Adapted from:

0

WaxTube

Note:1) Stresses in kg/cm2

2) EST. σvo = 2.403) Onboard TV = 0.48

Engineering Tests

Markings

Void

128.0

UUC no. 4su = 0.14wN = 72.2%

OED no. 12, wN = 64.8%σvm = 1.35, CR = 0.25

NP

QR

ST

UV

WX

YZ

E-

127.5

Dep

th (

ft)

127.0

0.1 0.2

su (kg/cm2)

0.3

Torvane Onboard

0.4 0.5

OED no. 18, wN = 66.5%

Comparison of Oedometer and Strength Data with Radiograph for Push Sample of Orinoco Clay

σvm = 2.75, CR = 0.36

TorvaneUUC

Figure by MIT OCW. Adapted from:

0.4 2 4 6Measured εv at σvo (%)'

Mea

sure

d σ p

/Bes

t Est

imat

e σ p

''

8 10 12

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

B

A

1.0

1.1

1.2

Boring

E1F1

56-13427-128

Note: A and B Denote Tests in Fig9-a

Recompression Strain vs. PreconsolidationPressure from Oedometer

Tests in the Soft Orinoco Clay

1.051.20

0.030.07

+__+

3755

510

+__+

Symbol z(ft) OCR Ip (%)

-160

Water Content, % Preconsolidation, TSF Pore Pressure, TSF

SOIL PROPERTIES PROFILE

Compression Ratio

Cc / (1+eo)1st series of tests2nd series of tests

PiezoconePiezometer

CRS tests

Plastic limit Liquid limit

Natural water content

0 20 40 60 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 0 0.1 0.2 0.3

-140

-120

-100

-80

Elev

atio

n, F

eet

Elev

atio

n, M

eter

s

-60

-40

-30

FillSand

Marl

Varved Clay

-20

50

12

0 100 200 300 0 100Preconsolidation, kPa Pore Pressure, kPa

200 300 40020

30

40

20

10

0

Apparent consolidationprofile from 1st and 2nd series of tests

Pore water pressure if soilis not underconsolidated

Average effectiveoverburden stress

Adapted from

Adapted

Figure by MIT OCW.

Figure by MIT OCW.

I

I

/3d

/32t eConso/,c3r4id

,2/97

4/)X Ad ? r S Mdtk eV " i" 1

H «vP &44 "S 2

80

3ksf 60

40C

. 2

0,, 2 0a).

O M?)X-42 0

-40(

Axial Strain at Overburden Stress (%)

® &Ds. o4dqo"vr: m1Al ocratJ c/drs u ex*,ro; - n ec.AnoI;4erte L4UQd piano ware i ct bos bt hreed6 B6C I sktIy f;e

Figure 5-14: South Boston Elevation vs. Axial Strain at Overburden Stress from CKoand Typical Oedometer Tests

119

CC 3/r2

I

q-,

CcL_- 3 /3 ·3 a I - '

ztq7 /5 31/f 3/4/O1

. FFECT OF 7T0 r AlO EOP

s9earn a/ yiId If%11 Og f / ,)SC

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\\

= X

-IIII,,. ov)

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3/01

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--

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oUN

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0t9

(,N4

A_-) (LlayS /?I/D~

/r/.941 r Z //

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&rM, D 486 -e¢? "'a 3 CRSC (WaA/s cf4 t W/DQ C/a)

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k - _ H_2�q .

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2) Eecs of on heSu/-d a-, -eep/6

4) dvn7Ioe ¢Co,,, dcda.* /o tlC

3) /kesrj S Ca.4o

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s) k 4k Pt J

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( 3/7 766)4",2 CQe

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2CC/C Ad2 tS Q

(Mrf:; i /006"nr EOP rm U6 Z I k PIE sA b l)

cRs& 1A C&nu T cc ttk cv

a C G T (ami,4ns conef i Ml/)

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Ck d/ 01,4

khAy Vcr0bl can -- erroneoi5 compressl Cuevc

A4AI C., IAA£

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4i

7

/I~-D 'lc;~~%I~~~ Part~II-P ?,cl PartZ ~~~~~~~~~~~~I..1 1 4'?7 i

er CAN./983) C H .. VOL. 20. 19

CAN. GEOTECH. J. VOL. 20, 1983

TABLE 1. Geotechnical properties of clays Chyo/wn /

Number Cuand Depth w St field vane Ko rpo.v

Site symbol (m) (%) WL Ip IL fall cone (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) Reference

Berthierville 11 3.7 72 59 34 1.4 15 14 21 47 Samson et al. 1981Morin et al. 1983

St-Cesaire 2+ 4.2 89 68 42 1.5 22 25 55 80 Samson etal. 1981St-Cdsaire 2+ 6.8 85 70 43 1.3 19 27 68 90Gloucester 3x 3.7 88 52 28 2.3 70 20 35 65 Samson etal. 1981

Leroueil et al. 1983Gloucester 3 x 4.1 76 53 29 1.8 35 20 38 67Gloucester 3 x 7.5 93 53 29 2.4 88 25 58 87Varennes 4* 8.9 62 65 39 0.9 28 60 64 216 Samson et al. 1981Joliette 5* 6.7 65 41 19 2.3 108 29 40 110 Samson et al. 1981Ste-Catherine 60 3.8 88 60 35 1.8 30 18 20 60 Samson et al. 1981

Morin et al. 1983Mascouche 7V 3.8 65 55 30 1.3 52 70 34 270 Leahy 1980

Marchand 1982St-Alban 8A 3.9 60 40 18 2.1 13 25 55 Leroueil etal. 1978a

Leahy 1980Fort Lennox 90 6.1 60 45 22 1.7 30 30 54 105 Leahy 1980

Paquin 1983Louiseville 100 9.2 75 70 27 1.1 22 45 58 160 Leahy 1980

Leblond 1981Batiscan 110 7.3 80 43 21 ' 2.7 85 25 60 88 Bouchard 1982Other sites Authors' files

XI'no

b

v

l6flasI-V

litrVERTICA STRAIN RATE ;, ,l /0-'-

IvrS

OTTAllWA ,CRAM;ORD,1 .i| / xOTHER SITES AND SYMSOU ,SE. TABLE I x

-~~~,o .

__'__ _O. _ __ __ O ---. 0 - - )b~/ U

0.7 -

. .. , , ,

ia4 -V -4

FIG. 7. Normalized preconsolidation pressure - strain rate relationship.

me7on / ra.e 'gyoic oe .af /dayIf It f. , It .. I' IL Ub Or

. s;O /I CC

I CCL 37 1.322

806

-::v. .

.

:c.

il<

0X

'rU

ri:,

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q, / C E L 'Vi " 9S

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/) &4,s/A for &c Sl/t (See//7c)

2) tAcr retu/s (sep/7ic)

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3) 6 7- cht rt ' ~J~t

e

PRT

I

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m S'C 0@Ud. f A G. /flejo

A >> e - y?

, Hot (R-4)

· Conocf 5tso

/tcr Wajer q-dJo/phon

h'/t lercr. T /n)Cr. ?

W

,J Schpe.a/ -/ , X //4z c4/ac/

(R<4)

Lachlro'

Frts(R>4 ) -/. 4~~,. * -J V(.I "/ ,7 -V¢

2) 0 / cr P e al/ c hcr

r

Om77

R.#. (4Mc

fJne cdie,

/7 i.

h

CCLt /89

0

5

w

zC,,

nJ

I>

10

15

20

25

1561, 3Z2

CONSOLIDATION STRESS o\c (KSC)

Sample No. MP - B2 -S7

Depth 16.3'

Soil type Gray ClayeySilt (MH)

o At tp*At f

COMPRESSION CURVE

WN(%) 52.1

WL (%) 66.3Wp (%) 31.3Ip (%) 35.0

Remarks

TEST NO.

EstimatedoaCo 0.402 op 1. 7 KSCCR 0.168 RR 0.027

Gs 2.78 e o 1.494S(%) 97.0

Corrected for apparatuscompressibility.OED - B2 S7TC -I

Figure 4-14 Compression Curve for Temperature ControlledOedometer Test (OED-B2S7TC)

/M/ Ce,n'7/- cI, 7,'; fXcC/ensc /,n O ,Xar En:

so rheis -(85s)

Akcr/c s/C7t/rso' say, 41akf

A

A i 2/Iion 1 I-,io4C PA,4'rI f(L-L .'fi:Y~ tR.L I I _ rw" , .1 - _~L,(.. 31.I:~Y ~,,,c~ t t,,,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4*7

I

U.

W

...< cs

M==OCO

oocwroo,qq~9 2"II

- 7GGS,

r Irs>>

zl<

(Aj><41.

170

60

150so- so

C0oc

t 30

0 o 20 30 40 50 60Temperature C

FIG. 6-Preconsolidation pressure as a function of test temperatureforspecimens taken at 7 m depth at Bllckebol. Full line shows results of linearresression analysis.

r 7r, iJ o Sc, C/2( /4

T- Dal'a 4 veihjh C/4U .

FIG. S-CRS test with varying temperature. Clay from Blckebol.

00

Fq

0I - . i

4) 40 S0~~~~~~~~ - -1I/o

I 0

* _ IS

_ __ _ I-

/2

o

t`

IQ

_6'- q

0 7d IS' //f14r4(l8) SdvThCI4ysi lrcar rcessuon a Fty.6

l. LQdd f scA er (96gS) &Bson 8/,, C/ay

tnt %(r)(ls) , esr)d 4r ,tSiT r* " /Ia^i;6ag i (/Lq3) /temddcd93

Orani c/ay (,2( *Ao)

r From dsplaccmc e of coomprtss'MCurve for ctl'cyctc.s W, 6T10

8

4-

.'A

--

I

. .,...

,in

I

I!I I

l, oi, V 810

U1, (11/0

4 t0.

0.60

Variation of the Normalized Preconsolidation Pressure (σp/σp(20oC)) with Temperature' '

σ p /

σ p (T

= 2

0oC

) '

'

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.10

1.30

1.40

Note:For symbols, see table 2

5% per 10oC

10% per 10oC

0 20 40Temperature, oC

60 80 100

1.00

1.20

Figure by MIT OCW.

CCL 3/87 /, ~32z

,/ 9 3 /qAl o o C

3)/hChk & eC c ofC #a' conc, 0 n 6, cCiA 4 19

4) E cf o jo// on 1aJcdted eJ

' wUoc¢l w- W,,L

· sot GC ' ~W4s 9'kt(- 2.3)

C =- conc, 9/cc 4

./Coe, s W' V t c I-/)

W3 /-C -.',.f)

.- , onjl-fqef

{ GSL C o,/Sogcc

Popic Corr/a/rempirics.! Corrc/4 luf

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