vulnerability to being drawn into terrorism and reflections on social media
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Vulnerability to being drawn into terrorism and reflections on social media](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032503/55be2909bb61eb9a068b45f0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Implementing Prevention: The IVP Guidance
Professor Jon ColeDepartment of Psychological Sciences
![Page 2: Vulnerability to being drawn into terrorism and reflections on social media](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032503/55be2909bb61eb9a068b45f0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Elephants in the room
① “Islamophobia”
② “false positives”
③ “Self fulfilling prophecy”
④ “I’m not an agent of the state”
![Page 3: Vulnerability to being drawn into terrorism and reflections on social media](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032503/55be2909bb61eb9a068b45f0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
‘Black Box’ Radicalisation
![Page 4: Vulnerability to being drawn into terrorism and reflections on social media](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032503/55be2909bb61eb9a068b45f0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Cause
![Page 5: Vulnerability to being drawn into terrorism and reflections on social media](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032503/55be2909bb61eb9a068b45f0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Protest
![Page 6: Vulnerability to being drawn into terrorism and reflections on social media](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032503/55be2909bb61eb9a068b45f0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Direct Action
![Page 7: Vulnerability to being drawn into terrorism and reflections on social media](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032503/55be2909bb61eb9a068b45f0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Violent Extremism/Terrorism
![Page 8: Vulnerability to being drawn into terrorism and reflections on social media](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032503/55be2909bb61eb9a068b45f0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Vulnerability to being drawn into terrorism and reflections on social media](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032503/55be2909bb61eb9a068b45f0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Postal CBRN attack
![Page 10: Vulnerability to being drawn into terrorism and reflections on social media](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032503/55be2909bb61eb9a068b45f0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Vulnerability to being drawn into terrorism and reflections on social media](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032503/55be2909bb61eb9a068b45f0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Rational Choice Model
![Page 12: Vulnerability to being drawn into terrorism and reflections on social media](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032503/55be2909bb61eb9a068b45f0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Rational Choice Model
Decision
![Page 13: Vulnerability to being drawn into terrorism and reflections on social media](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032503/55be2909bb61eb9a068b45f0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
What to focus on
All behaviour is communication
All behaviour happens for a reason
All behaviour is preceded by a decision
Decisions can be influenced
![Page 14: Vulnerability to being drawn into terrorism and reflections on social media](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032503/55be2909bb61eb9a068b45f0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Prevention Interventions
Universal Selective Indicated
Environmental Legal sanctions Removing social media
Travel restrictions
Developmental Life skills training Family management skills
Therapeutic interventions
Informational Awareness raising Counter narratives Ideological challenge
Beware the ‘Prevention Paradox’ where the greatest harm in a population will occur in those considered at least risk because there are far more of them than those considered “at risk”.
![Page 15: Vulnerability to being drawn into terrorism and reflections on social media](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032503/55be2909bb61eb9a068b45f0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Needs AssessmentSuccessful prevention relies on the early identification of, and intervention with, vulnerable (young) people (elephants 1, 2, and 3).
Frontline staff/community leaders/parents will be in the best position to spot vulnerability and the changes in behaviour indicative of radicalisation (elephant 4).
Structured professional judgment tools will assist their decision making in this safeguarding context (elephants 1, 2, and 4).
![Page 16: Vulnerability to being drawn into terrorism and reflections on social media](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032503/55be2909bb61eb9a068b45f0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The IVP Guidance
![Page 17: Vulnerability to being drawn into terrorism and reflections on social media](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032503/55be2909bb61eb9a068b45f0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Yellow CriteriaIdentify young people who are vulnerable to peer pressure
and potential negative influences of colleagues, friends, and family.
Personal, social, and cultural circumstances may make them particularly vulnerable to recruitment by violent extremists.
Early identification of individuals at this stage should allow supports to be put in place to direct their behaviour away from violence toward constructive, socially appropriate outlets.
![Page 18: Vulnerability to being drawn into terrorism and reflections on social media](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032503/55be2909bb61eb9a068b45f0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Orange Criteria
Identify boundary testing behaviours.
May already have or be establishing a belief system that is supportive of violent extremist behaviour.
This requires sensitive challenge and intervention to increase their critical thinking skills and offer alternatives to violence for addressing problems and issues.
![Page 19: Vulnerability to being drawn into terrorism and reflections on social media](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032503/55be2909bb61eb9a068b45f0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Red Criteria
Identify an increased commitment to the use of violence in support of beliefs.
Require regular monitoring and intensive intervention to change established beliefs and behaviours in support of violent extremism.
![Page 20: Vulnerability to being drawn into terrorism and reflections on social media](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032503/55be2909bb61eb9a068b45f0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Vulnerability to being drawn into terrorism and reflections on social media](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032503/55be2909bb61eb9a068b45f0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Vulnerability to being drawn into terrorism and reflections on social media](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032503/55be2909bb61eb9a068b45f0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Geo-tagged Social Media
![Page 23: Vulnerability to being drawn into terrorism and reflections on social media](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032503/55be2909bb61eb9a068b45f0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Conclusions
Preventing violent extremism means that we must identify and protect vulnerable people before they engage in criminal behaviour.
This necessitates a large number of ‘false positives’ as most vulnerable people will not engage in violent extremism even if they are radicalised.
Waiting until vulnerable people have begun to engage in criminal behaviour may make successful prevention difficult.