voting law changes 2012 : brennan center report

8/4/2019 Voting Law Changes 2012 : Brennan Center Report

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Overview: Voting Law Changes In 2012

A shi t that could change the electoral landscape is underway – the tightening o restrictions on who cvote and how Americans can vote. Going into the 2012 elections, there will be millions o Americans wh will fnd that since 2008, there are new barriers that could prevent them rom voting.

Summary

In the frst three quarters o 2011, state governments across the country have suddenly enacted an array onew laws and policies making it harder to vote. Some states require voters to show government-issued phoidentifcation, o ten o a type that as many as one in ten voters do not have. Other states have cut back oearly voting, a hugely popular innovation used by millions o Americans. Two states reversed earlier re oand once again disen ranchised millions who have past criminal convictions but who are now taxpayinmembers o the community. Still others made it much more di fcult or citizens to register to vote, a prrequisite or voting. These new restrictions all most heavily on young, minority, and low-income voters, as well as on vote with disabilities. This wave o changes may sharply tilt the political terrain or the 2012 election. Alrea19 new laws and two new executive actions are in place. At least 42 bills are still pending, and at least 6more were introduced but ailed. Already, it is clear that:

• These new laws could make it signi cantly harder for more than ve million eligcast ballots in 2012.

• The states that have already cut back on voting rights will provide 171 electoral v2012 – 63 percent of the 270 needed to win the presidency.

• Of the 12 likely battleground states, as assessed by an AugustLos Angeles Times analysis o

Gallup polling, fve have already cut back on voting rights (and may pass additional restrictivelegislation), and two more are currently considering new restrictions.

States have changed their laws so rapidly that no single analysis has assessed the overall impact. It is tearly to exactly quanti y how the changes will impact voter turnout, but we know they will be a hindranto many voters at a time when the United States continues to turn out less than two thirds o its eligiblecitizens in presidential elections and less than hal in midterm elections.

Read the full report, Voting Law Changes in 2012 , by theBrennan Center’s Wendy R. Weiser and Lawrence Norden.

For more in ormation, contact Jeanine Plant-Chirli [email protected] | 646-292-8322



More Than 5 Million Voters impacted?

We estimate more than 5 million voters could be a ected by the new laws, based on six key numbe

3.2 million voters a ected by new photo ID laws.1. New photo ID laws or voting willbe in e ect or the 2012 election in fve states (Kansas, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Wisconsin), which have a combined citizen voting age population o just under 29 million.3.2 million (11 percent) o those potential voters do not have state-issued photo ID. RhodeIsland voters are excluded rom this count, because Rhode Island’s new law’s requirements aresignifcantly less onerous than those in the other states.

240,000 additional citizens and potential voters a ected by new proo o citizenship2.laws. New proo o citizenship laws will be in e ect in three states (Alabama, Kansas, Ten-nessee), two o which will also have new photo ID laws. Assuming conservatively that those

without proo o citizenship overlap substantially with those without state-issued photo ID, we excluded those two states. The citizen voting age population in the remaining state (Ala-bama) is 3.43 million; 240,000 (7 percent) of those potential voters do not have documenproo o citizenship.

202,000 voters registered in 2008 through voter registration drives that have now been3.made extremely di fcult or impossible under new laws. Two states (Florida and Texas)passed laws restricting voter registration drives, causing all or most o those drives to stop. In2008, 2.13 million voters registered in Florida and, very conservatively, at least 8.24 percentor 176,000 of them did so through drives. At least 501,000 voters registered in Texas, aleast 5.13 percent or 26,000 o them did so via drives.

60,000 voters registered in 2008 through Election Day voter registration where it has4.now been repealed. Maine abolished Election Day registration. In 2008, 60,000 Maine citi-zens registered and voted on Election Day.

One to two million voters who voted in 2008 on days eliminated under new laws rolling 5.back early voting. The early voting period was cut by hal or more in three states (Florida,Georgia and Ohio). In 2008, nearly 8 million Americans voted early in these states. An esti-mated 1 to 2 million voted on days eliminated by these new laws.

At least 100,000 disen ranchised citizens who might have regained voting rights by 20126. .Two states (Florida and Iowa) made it substantially more di fcult or impossible or people with past elony convictions to get their voting rights restored. Up to one million peoplein Florida could have benefted rom the prior practice; based on the rates o restoration inFlorida under the prior policy, 100,000 citizens likely would have gotten their rights restoredby 2012. Other voting restrictions passed this year that are not included in this estimate.



The Wave Of New Laws

Photo ID laws.• At least thirty- our states introduced legislation that would require voters to show

photo identifcation in order to vote. Photo ID bills were signed into law in seven states: AlabamaKansas, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin. By contrast, be ore th2011 legislative session, only two states had ever imposed strict photo ID requirements. The numbeo states with laws requiring voters to show government-issued photo identifcation has quadruplein 2011. To put this into context, 11 percent o American citizens do not possess a governmentissued photo ID; that is over 21 million citizens.

Proo o citizenship laws.• At least twelve states introduced legislation that would require proo o citizenship, such as a birth certifcate, to register or vote. Proo o citizenship laws passedin Alabama, Kansas, and Tennessee. Previously, only two states had passed proo o citizenshiplaws, and only one had put such a requirement in e ect. The number o states with such a requment has more than doubled.Making voter registration harder.• At least thirteen states introduced bills to end highly popularElection Day and same-day voter registration, limit voter registration mobilization e orts, andreduce other registration opportunities. Maine passed a law eliminating Election Day re gistration, and Ohio ended its weeklong period o same-day voter registration. Florida anTexas passed laws restricting voter registration drives, and Florida and Wisconsin passed lamaking it more di fcult or people who move to stay registered and vote.

Reducing early and absentee days.• At least nine states introduced bills to reduce their early votingperiods, and our tried to reduce absentee voting opportunities. Florida, Georgia, Ohio, Tennesseand West Virginia succeeded in enacting bills reducing early voting.

Making it harder to restore voting rights.• Two states—Florida and Iowa—reversed prior execu-tive actions that made it easier or citizens with past elony convictions to restore their votingrights, a ecting hundreds o thousands o voters. In e ect, both states now permanently disenchise most citizens with past elony convictions.



States Where Voting Changes Were Pursued And TypesOf Changes Enacted

Legislation introduced

Photo ID requirements passed

Proof of citizenship passed

Restrictions on voter registration passed

Restrictions on early/absentee voting passed

Executive action making it harder to restore voting rights



b r e n n a nc e n t e r

f o r j u s t i c e

Vo t i n g L a w c h a n g e s i n 2 0 1 2

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B C Jat New York University School o Law



about the brennan center for justice

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About the Brennan Center’s Democracy Program

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary 1Introduction 2

I. Voter Identi cation 4 A. Background 4B. Roundup of Legislative Developments 5C. What the Bills Say 5

Making it Harder for Students to Vote 8D. Legislative Battles 9

1. A High Priority After Years Without Success 9a. Change in Partisan Control 9

Focus: Rhode Island and Ohio— 10Exceptions That Prove the Rule

b. Heightened Priority 11

Focus: Texas 11c. Support by Conservative ALEC 11

2.The Debate 12The Costs of Voter ID 15

3. When All Else Fails: Ballot Measures 14

II. Documentary Proof Of Citizenship To Register Or Vote 16 A. Background 16B. Roundup of Legislative Developments 17C. What the Bills Say 17D. Legislative Battles 17

III. Ma ing Voter Registration Harder 19Part 1: Voter Registration Drive Regulations 19

A. Background 19B. Roundup of Legislative Developments 21C. What the Bills Say 21D. Legislative Battles 22

Florida History 22 2011 Debate in Florida 22Impact of New Voting Laws on Minority Voters 24

Part 2: Eliminating Same-Day Registration 25 A. Background 25B. Roundup of Legislative Developments 25C. What the Bills Say 26

The Special Case of Ohio’s Referendum 26D. Legislative Battles 27

Focus: Maine and the People’s Vote 27Part 3: Other Restrictions on Voter Registration 28

Focus: Florida 28Focus: Wisconsin 28



IV. Ma ing Voting Harder: Restricting Early In-Person Voting 29And Mail-In Absentee Voting

A. Background 29B. Roundup of Legislative Developments 29C. What the Bills Say 30D. Legislative Battles 31

The Debate 31Early Voting on Sunday and the Black Vote 33

V. Ma ing It Harder To Restore Voting Rights 34 A. Background 34B. Roundup of Legislation and Executive Actions 34C. Content of Executive Actions 35D. The Debate 36

Endnotes 37



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States Where Voter ID Legislation Was Introduced

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Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.




Ma ing it Harder for Students to Vote

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Notes• Alabama, South Carolina, and Texas voting laws are subjectto preclearance by the Department of Justice.• Alabama Law goes into effect Jan. 2013• Rhode Island Law becomes restricted to only photo IDsstarting Jan. 2014• South Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama and Texas, have someform of affidavit alternatives to a photo ID

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The Costs of Voter ID

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II. DOCUMENTARY PROOF OF CITIZENSHIP TO REGISTER OR VOTE

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Focus: Maine and the People’s Veto

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“The notion that same day voterregistration leads to voter fraud is a

myth . . . This is a solution in search of

a problem.”

—Maine Rep. Mar Dion




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Part 3: Other Restrictions on Voter Registration

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Legislation Affecting Voter Registration(Election Day Registration and Third Party Voter Registration)

Introduced (California, Illinois, Montana, Mississippi, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, and North Carolina.)

Passed (Florida, Maine, Ohio, and Texas.)




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IV. MAkING VOTING HARDER: RESTRICTING EARLY IN-PERSONAND MAIL-IN ABSENTEE VOTING




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Introduced (M , N , N J , N M x , N C W .)

Passed (F , G , O , , W V .)




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B. Roundup of Legislation and Executive Actions

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V. MAkING IT HARDER TO RESTORE VOTING RIGHTS




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D. The Debate

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Legislation Restricting the Ability ofPeople with Criminal Convinctions to Vote

Introduced (A , M , S C , W , W V .)

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ENDNOTES

1. T : (1) N ID 1 (K , S C , , x , W ),

9 . 3. (1 .3%) - ID. A 1 , q

(A , K , ), ID . A - ID, x . T

3.43 . O , 4 , ( %) (F x ) ,

.13 F , , 8. 4% 1 , A 5 1, x , 5.13% , . (E D . I 8, , M E D . (

(F , G O ). I 8, 8 . A 1 . ( )

I ) . U F ;

F , 1 , k .

. T 1 “ ” A , C , F , G , I , N , NM x , O , O , P V . D L ,Obama’s Gallup Numbers Show 12 States in Play in 2012, L.A. imes, A . 15, 11, :// . . / 11/ /15/ / - - - - 11 815. T

k F , G , I , N , O . T G , I , N C , P .

3. K W. K , O -E .Te Case or Voter ID,Wall St. J., M 3, 11, :// . j. / /SB1 14 4 548 481 45 333 5 88 9 48 . ;New State Voting Laws,he Diane Rehm Show (NPR , J1, 11),available at :// . / / 11- - 1/ - - - / .

4. O ID

ID — . T , ID . T

. Brennan Center for Justice, Citizens Without Proof (2006),available at :// . -. / / / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

5. J L , O -E , A Poll ax by Another Name,N.Y. imes, A . , 11,available at :// . ./ 11/ 8/ / / - - x- - - . .

. Justin Levitt, he ruth About Voter Fraud, Brennan Center for Justice (2007), available at :// . -. / / / /.

. T ID , j , ID q ,

. S R. Michael Alvarez et al., An Empirical Bayes Approach to Estimating Ordinal reatment Ef-fects -3 ( 1 ),available at :// .3 . / 5 8 4 4185414 8_ . . S

ID . S J M .,Te Empirical E ects o Voter-ID Laws:Present or Absent?,4 PS: Pol. Sci. and Pol. 2 ( 9),available at ://j . . / / Fx ? =1& =3 8 &j =PSC& I =4 & I = 1& =3 8 4& I =& N

E OCS =#. B k A , , insight into how speci c inputs–like voter ID–a ect the behavior of individuals within a large group. For a comprehens

ID, Research and Publications on Voter ID,Brennan Center for Justice,:// . . / / / _ _ _ / ( J 15, 11).




8. See 4 U.S.C. § 15483( ) ( 1 ).

9. See generally Voter Identification Re uirements, Nat’l Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL), :// .. / . x? =1 ( J 13, 11).

1 . C C /G . . B , 4 F. S . 13 , 13 9- (N.D. G . 5); W k . M , 3 S1 (M . ).

11. T C I ’ “ [ ] ” . C . M C . E B ., 553 U.S. 181, - 3 ( 8). T C I ’ ID

1 . C C /G . . B , 544 F.3 134 (11 C . 9); D P G . . P , S.E.11) ( G ’ ID ) G

k O 5. C C /G . . B , 4 F. SG . 5). T k J S See CC /G . . B , 544 F.3 134 , 134 -48 (11 C . 9) ( j ). A

k G ’ ID ; S C ’ k . P . L k , 4 S.E. (G . ).

13.

See Brennan Center for Justice, ID Re uirements Discourage Voters (J . 1, 11) ( ID 11 ),available at :// . . / /-/D /V % ID%1 % S . ;Voter Identi cation Requirements,NCSL, :// . . / . x? =1 (

J 13, 11) ( x ID ).

14. T : A , A k , A k , C , C , C , D , H ,M , M , M , M , M , M , M , N k , N ,

J , N M x , N Y k, N C , O , P , R I , S C , V , W V , W .See generally Nhu-Y Ngo Keesha Gas ins, Brennan Center for Justice,Voter ID Legislation in the States, :// . . / / / _ _ _

/, ( J , 11).

15. F k S , More States Require ID to Vote,USA oday (J , 11), :// . . / // 11- -19- - q - -ID_ . .

1 . H.B. 19, 11 G . A ., R . S ., A N . 11- 3 (A . 11),available at :// . . ./ / 11RS/P //HB19- . .; H.B. , 11 L ., R . S . (K . available at ://k . / / 11_1 / 1/ / / _ . ; S.B. 4 S . A

S . (R.I. 11),available at :// . . . . //B x 11/S x 11/S 4 A. ; H. 3 3, 119 A ., R . S . (S.C. 11),available at :// . . / 119_ 11- 1 / /3 3_ 11 51

; S.B. 1 , 1 G . A ., 11 R . S . ( . 11),available at :// . . . /B /1 /B /SB 1 . ; S.B 14, 8 L ., R . S . ( x. 11),available at :// . . . x. / /8 R/ x

/SB 14F. # = ; A . B. , 11 L ., R . S . (W . 11),available at :// . ./ 11/ / /11A 3. .

1 . S.F. 5 9, 8 L ., R . S . (M . 11),available at :// . . . / / . ? =S 5 9. .& = 8 ; S.B. 3, 9 G . A ., 1 R . S . (M . 11),available at :// . . . /11 /

- / /SB3. ; H.B. 15 , L ., R . S . (M . 11),available at :// . . . / / 11/HB 15 . ; S.B. 1 9, 11 G . C ., 11 R . S . (N.H. 11),available at :// . . . . / -

/ 11/SB 1 9. ; H.B. 351, 11 G . A ., R . S . (N.C. 11),available at :// . . .. /S / 11/B /H /PDF/H351 . .

18. H.B. 934, R . S . 11-1 (P . 11),available at :// . . . . / / / . ?1& = & =H& =B&BN= 934. O k M , N J , N Y k, O . S.B. 35, 9 G . A . (I . 11),available at :// . .

/ / . ?D N = 35&GAID=11&GA=9 &D ID=SB&L ID=5818 &SH.B. 3 58, 9 G . A . (I . 11),available at :// . . / / . ?D N =3




&GAID=11&GA=9 &D ID=HB&L ID= 4 9&S ID=84; H.B. 1113, 18 G . C . (M . 11),available at :// . . /B /18 /H /H 1113; H.B. 1115, 18 G . C . (M . 11),available at :// . . /B /18 /H /H 1115; H.B. 31, 18 G . C . (M . 11),available at ://

. . /B /18 /H /H 31; S.B. 31 , 18 G . C . (M . 11),available at :// .. /B /18 /S /S 31 ; S.B. 318, 18 G . C . (M . 11),available at :// . -

. /B /18 /S /S 318; S. 99 , 14 L . (N.J. 11),available at :// . j . . j. / 1 /B /S3 / 99 _I1.PDF; A.B. 33 3, 11-1 R . S . (N.Y. 11),available at :// . . . / /? _=& =A 33 3& =&S =Y&A =Y&V =Y& x =Y; H.B. 159, 1 9 G . A . (O

available at :// . . . . / . ?ID=1 9_HB_159.

19. S S K V ID B , WMUR N.H. (S . , 11), :// . . / / 91 85 / .L ,Senate Veto Vote on ap Tis Week,Nashua elegraph, S . 4, 11, :// . . / -

/931511- / - - - - - - k. . N H ’ .

. M k R & D H ,Voter ID Bill Still Has Li e,N.C. News Networ , S . , 11, :// . . /- / 3 - - - - - - .

1. S.J.R. , 9 G . A ., 1 R . S . (M . 11), :// . . . /11 / - / /SJR .

. Initiative Measure No. 27,Mo. Sec’y of State, :// . . . / . x? = & 1=1& =51 ( J 111).

3. A ID 9-3 ( ) ( 11), k k

x j - - , x

.Bill In ormation or SB 14,e . Leg. Online, :// . .. x. /B L k /H . x?L S =8 R&B =SB14 ( S . , 11).

4. C . M C . E B ., 553 U.S. 181, 198 ( 8).

5. S D & J V ,op DO Ofcial ells Sta Not to Mention Free Voter ID Cards to the Public, Un-less Tey Ask,Madison.com (S . , 11), :// . . / / / / - - /

_335 59 - 8 -11 -8 3- 1 4 3 8 . ; B F ,Video: WI Citizen Jumps Trough DMV Hoops toGet Photo ID in Order to Cast Legal Vote,Brad Blog (J , 11, 5:58 PM), :// . . /? =8 .

. S E k ,Need a Free Photo ID to Vote? Be Prepared to Wait, Wis. St. J., J , 11, :// . . / j/ /

/ - - / _ 141 8 8- 434-11 - - 1 4 . .

. P k M ,State Employee Fired A ter elling Co-Workers About Photo ID Policy,Milwau ee J.-Sentinel, S . 8,11, :// .j . / / /1 94 9 3. .

8. exas Vital Statistics – Birth Certi cates,. Dep’t of State Health Servs. :// . . . x. / / q / -_ . ( J 18, 11) ($ );Ordering Birth Certi cates,Kas. Dep’t of Health and Env’t, ://

.k k . / / _ . ( J 18, 11) ($15);Vital Records,Ga. Dep’t of Pub. Health,:// . . . / / / . ( J 18, 11) ($ 5).

9. A.B. , 11 L ., R . S . ( , W . 11),available at :// . . . / 11/ // . .

3 . A B ,Wisconsin Students ake Aim at Voter ID Bill,Isthmus, F . 1 , 11, :// . . / /. ? =3 91; A A , A ter Months in Limbo, Voter ID Bill Will Include University Cards,Badger

Herald, M 1, 11, :// . . / / 11/ 5/ 1/ _ _ _ . .

31. M W . L F B M J C . O F . (Mavail-able at :// . . / / 11-13B / 11_ 5_ 9JFC_AB . .




3 . S.B 14, 8 L ., R . S . ( x. 11),available at :// . . . x. / /8 R/ x / /SB# = .

33. See , . ., M R , As 2012 Elections Loom, Partisans on Both Sides Argue the E ect o Voter-ID Laws on Students,Chron. of Higher Educ., J 11, 11, :// . / /A - 1 -E -L /1 8189/?k =S

A MX C ZWxKYD UPXY8Nx 1Y BOOHA SE %3D%3D; P W ,In States, Parties Clash over Voting Laws Tat Would A ect College Students, Others, Wash. Post, M . 8, 11, :// . . / - /

/ / 11/ 3/ /AR 11 3 . .

34. Bill Status System: HB 176,N.H. Gen. Court, :// . . . . / _ / _ . x?11& =& x = 11& x = 1 &q=1 ( S . , 11).

35. An Act Relative to Eligibility to Vote: Hearing on H.B. 176, Be ore Election Law Comm.,N.H. H.R. (F . 4, 11) ( - L R , C , B C J & P C , L S I J ), :// . . / /-/D /NH% HB% 1 % % . 3.

3 . P W ,“Foolish” College Kids “Just Vote Teir Feelings,” New Hampshire Speaker Says, Wash. Post: Pols. Pol’y Blog (M . 8, 11, 1 : AM), :// . . /44/ 11/ 3/ - - -k

3 . Bill Status System: HB 176,N.H. G . C , :// . . . . / _ / _ . x?

11& =& x = 11&q=1 ( S , 11); G H ,Student voting bill denied inN.H. House, he Dartmouth (M . 9, 11), :// . / 11/ 3/ 9/ / .

38. P R , M . S ’ S , S S C E. S , J .’ R k C PI F (J 8, 11), :// . / / / 11/ - - -. .

39. L L R , C , B C J , C E. S , J ., M . S ’ 11), :// .3 . / 8 341 1 3 3 _ 3 9x . . T R P ,

, - “ ” 19 E D H I .See P R , M .R P , M GOP U 19 E D R F O M H (S

. . . / ? = & = 1 9 BxA W 5B XM 11U BY Iq KGV jR8 MO CCqN DK D9VQ O_X G PI8 PHMUkqV RE 5 D Q %3D. C hotel made by the state Democratic Party con rmed that these voters were a group of students – legally eligible to vo

Maine – who were temporarily housed at the hotel after their dorm had been destroyed by a hurricane.See P R ,M . D P , C W C C V I (S . 9, 11), /5 1. .

4 . See , . ., Brennan Center for Justice, Cast Out: New Voter Suppression Strategies Beyond 2 ( ),available at :// .3 . /1 9 94 3 9 31_ k . ;see alsoI U ,Fraudulent Voting Re-Emerges as a Partisan Issue,N.Y. imes, O . , 1 , A1 ,available at :// . . / 1 /1 / / /

/ . ? = .

41. State Senate Passes Voter ID Bill,Channel 000 (M , 11, 8:3 AM), :// . 3 . / -/ 9489 / . .

4 . S exas House Democrats Stop Voter ID Bill,KB X (M , 9, 9: PM), :// .k x. / / -/4 3 9 . ; G S ,Lawmaker risks health to stop voter ID bill,Hous. Chron., M , , ://

. . / / . / / / /48 43 1. .

43. E ,No Need or Photo ID Bill,Roc Hill Herald, M . 5, 9, :// . . /33 / / 334 ..

44. G S ,Voter ID Wins Key Approval: House Democrats Walk out in Protest,he State, F . , 9,available at :// . . / / - / 195 58/ .

45. S.B. 15 , 1 L ., R . S . ( . 9),available at :// . . . / /B / .x?B N =SB 15 & =1 .




4 . M B ,No Compromise on Voter ID,Brennan Center for Justice (M . 9), :// . ./ / / _ _ _ _ /.

4 . H.B. 381, L ., R . S , (A . ),available at :// . . . . / // / / 381. ; H.B. 4 , 9 L ., R . S ., (A . 9),available at :// .

. . . / / / 9 / / 4 . ; H.B. , 1 L ., Ravailable at :// . . . . / / / 1 / /

48. M P. M K ,Voter ID Bill Splits Panel,Providence J., M . 9, , :// . j . / / /E 9_ 3- 9- _GI5 P3.33 4 . .

49. C N ,R.I. House Approves ‘Voter ID’ bill; Senate Version Stalled,Providence J.: Politics Blog (M 8,9, 8:1 PM), :// . j . / 9/ 5/ - . .

5 . T A k , C , I , O , P , V .

51. K R (A H.B. 19 H.B. 3), G A (A S.B. 8 ), M k M (C A.B W (H H.B. 1359), B A (I S.F. 14 ), K A (M H.B. 88), S O’C

H. 1113), R R (M S. 31 ), M R (M S. 318), M k BH.F. 89), R C (M S.F. 354), J H (M S.F. 4 9), I H (N A.B. 4

C H (N A.B. 434), M k S (N A.B. 435), M R (S.B. 3 3), J BH H.B. 515), C B (N M x H.B. 5 ), W M (N C S.B. 35 ), SC ( S.B. 133), C P ( x H.B. 18 ), C A ( x H.B. 539), J IH.B. 159 ), V ( x H.B. 41 ).See generally N -Y N & K G k , Voter ID Legislation in theStates, Brennan Center for Justice, :// . . / / / _ _ _ _( J , 11).

5 . Map o 2010 Post-Election Party Control o State Legislatures,NCSL, :// . . / / 1 53/ . x ( J 19, 11).

53. F k S , More States Require ID to Vote,USA oday, J , 11, :// . . / / / 11--19- - q - -ID_ . . N , R M S

k 19 4.See S ,Updated – GOP Gains in Legislature are Historic, hic et (N . 4, 1 , 1: 1 PM), :// . . / _ k / 1 /11/ - - - -

- -4-1115 - - - - - - 5- - - - k - - - . . R A , GOP R , N C S R 18 .See Pre-Election Party Control o State Legislatures,NCSL, :// . . /? = 1314

( J 19, 11).

54. See P M M ,Republican Party Chair Reince Priebus: What’s His Record in Wisconsin?,Christian Sci.Monitor, J . 1 , 11, :// . . /USA/P / 11/ 11 /R -P - -R

W - - - - -W ;Pre-Election Party Control o State Legislatures: Wisconsin, NCSL, :// . . /?= 1314& = # ( J 19, 11);Post-Election Party Control o State Legislatures: Wisconsin,NCSL,

:// . . / . x? = 1 53& = # ( J 19, 11).

55. P R , Alabama Legislature Hal way to Passing Photo ID Law, AL.com (M . , 11, 1:39 PM), :// .. / / 11/ 3/ _ _ _ . ; 2010 Post-Election Party Control o State Legislatures: Ala-

bama,NCSL, :// . . /? = 131 & = # ( J 19, 11).

5 . P R , R.I. G . A , V ID B S I L (J , 11),available at :// . . . . /N / 1. ? = 5 8.

5 . S.B. 4 S . A, 11 L ., J . S . (R.I. 11),available at :// . . . . //B x 11/S x 11/S 4 A. .

58. Ohio House Leader Says Voter Photo ID Bill is Dead, WLW .com ( J 9, 11), :// . . / / 8 3 8 /. .




59. J M S ,Ohio SOS Husted at Odds with GOP Lawmakers over Photo ID Bill, Kasich on SB5,E aminer.com(J 5, 11), :// . x . / - - / - - - - - - -

- - - -k - - .

. E ,Ohio Voter ID Law Isn’t Needed,Cincinnati En uirer, D . 14, 5, C.

1. N . O C . H . B , 5 F. S . , 8 1 (S.D. O 9).

. E ,Ohio Voter ID Law Isn’t Needed,he Cincinnati En uirer, D . 14, 5, C; E ,Ohio Voter IDPicture Keeps Getting Uglier,Dayton Daily News, N . 1, , A18;Ohio’s Voter ID Rule Could be Worse,DaytonDaily News, J . 1 , 8, A18.

3. Lawrence Norden Jessie Allen, Final Report: 200 200 Ohio Election Summit and Conference ( 9),available at :// .3 . /9 5 5 1 111 3_ k q 3 . .

4. See Voter Fraud,Matt Schultz for Iowa Sec’y of State, :// . / - / ( S, 11); K K I , Kris Kobach for Sec’y of State, :// .k k . / x-4. (

S . , 11); A C ,Voter ID Becomes an Issue in Kansas Secretary o State Race,Kan. City Star, O . 5,1 ; O I , Scott Gessler, :// . . / . ( S . , 11).

5.

H : “V C I M B j ID W q .” P R , S W k , W k

V F Y O B k (J 8, 1 ),available at :// . k . / - / 1 / k - -%C %93 - - - - - - k- %C %94;see also On the Issues: Photo ID at the Polls,Milwau ee J.-Sentinel, :// .j . / / /1 3 9 5 9. .

. A D 1 , ID - : M , NS C , x .See N -Y N ,Voter ID a Misguided E ort , Brennan Center for Justice (D . 13, 1 ),

:// . . / / / _ _ /.

. B P ,omball State Rep. Debbie Riddle Camps Out at the Capital,. GOP Vote (N . 9, 1 1 : 1 AM). ://x . / 11- - / - - - - - - - -

- - 94.

8. D S , A ter Six-Year Fight, Perry Signs Voter ID,. Observer, M , 11, :// . x . //k / /1 8 9- - - - - .

9. G S ,Senator Leaves Sick Bed to Vote,Hous. Chron., M 1 , , :// . . / / . // / /48 8 4. .

. G S ,Lawmaker Risks Health to Stop Voter ID Bill,Hous. Chron., M , , :// . . / /. / / / /48 43 1. .

1. A Sk , Voter ID the Divide, Brennan Center for Justice, M 1 , 9, :// . ./ / / _ _ _ /.

.W. G S ,A ter Marathon Session, Senate Advances Bill to oughen Voter ID Requirements, Austin Am.-Statesman,M . 1 , 9, :// . . / / / / / / 3/1 / 31

3. E ,Te Republican Treat to Voting,N.Y. imes, A . , 11 A .

4. See, e.g., J N , ALEC Exposed: Rigging Elections,he Nation, J 1 , 11. T Campus Progress , V O ,Conservative Corporate Advocacy Group ALEC Behind Voter Disen ranchisement E orts,Campus Progress (M . 8, 11), :// . . /

/ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ / ( :// . . / / /ALEC_ _ID_ _ . ), .




5. See How to Join ALEC , ALEC, :// . . /AM/ . ?S =H _ _J _ALEC ( 1 , 11); ALEC, Private Sector Member Brochure, :// . . / / /C _B . (

J 1 , 11).

. See , e.g., Amy K ose, ALEC, ort Reform Boot Camp ( 11),available at :// . . /AM/ / j /R B C G F . ; Christie Herrera, ALEC, he State Legislator’s Guide to Repealing

Obamacare ( 11),available at :// . . /AM/ / /S _L _G _ _R _O C .Raegan Weber, ennessee Legislators Gather in Nashville to Learn and Discuss Comprehensive ort Re orm Legislation,

ALEC (F . 15, 11), :// . . /AM/ . ?S = _ ; R WCongratula-tions to ALEC’s Wyoming Leadership eam, Inside ALEC, M , 11, , :// . . / / /I ALEC/I ALEC_ 11. .

. P k M & J S ,GOP Raises the Stakes,Milwau ee J.-Sentinel, F . 1, 11, :// .j . // /11 595118. .

8. N k ,WI Senate Vote on Voter Suppression Bill,Dailymotion (M 19, 11), :// . . / /x 9_ - - - - - - -5-19-11_ ; M S ,Legislature Passes Voter ID bill; Walker to Sign it Wednesday, Wis. St. J., M 9, 11, :// . . / j/ / / - - /

-8 -11 -88 - 1 4 3 8 . .

9. L k ,Voter ID Bill Passes Alabama Senate,Anniston Star, J 9, 11, :// . . / /_ /14 3 5/ -V -ID- - -A -S -.

8 . P L ,Bill Clinton: Voter ID Laws Are Worst E ort to Disen ranchise Voters Since Jim Crow Laws,HuffingtonPost (J , 11, 1: 3 PM), :// . . / 11/ / / - - - -

_ _89 5 . .

81. E.J. D J .,How States Are Rigging the 2012 Election, Wash. Post, J 19, 11, :// . . // - - - - - 1 - / 11/ /19/AGC B3 H_ . .

8 . P R ,Despite What Democrats Claim, Voter Fraud is Real,U.S. News World Rep., J 9, 11, :// .. / / / - / 11/ / 9/ - - - - - - -

83. K ,supra 3. K ’ . A 1 ” 13 —

. N See K G k ,Debunking Misin ormation on Photo ID,Brennan Center for Justice (J 9, 11), :// .

. / / / k _ _ _ _ /.

84. F , P R P C R G : “U , P L

House Passes Bill Requiring Photo ID to Vote,Montgomery Media, J 9, 11, :// . . // 11/ / 9/ _ _ / / 4 15 4 1 8 5 831 . x ? = . S

S k B H , “I , .” P R , S.C. S B , H A P V ID (J . , 11),available at ://. . / 11/ 1/ / - - - - - - /.

85. F x , M H S k K Z , “I k [ ] . E ’ j

T .”See E R , Zellers: Voting Is “Privilege, Not Right”,Minneapolis Star rib.: Hot Dish Politics(A . 1, 11, 5:5 PM), :// . . / / /1 393 4. .

8 . P R , J L , G , S N.H., G L ’ V M R SB 1 9available at :// . . . / / / 11/ 11- 1 9. .

8 . L M k D , G , S M ., H . M L. F , P M ., (M , 11),available at :// . . / /5 41535 /C - 9-SF5 9; L ,supra 8 .




88. Id.; see alsoD ,supra 8 ; J H k,Nixon Vetoes Missouri Photo ID Legislation, St. Louis oday, J 19,11, :// . . / / / / _1 19 4-99 8-11 - 91- 19 3 31 . .

89. See P R , 11 C H A , S F 5, N -C L k VM .1 , 11,available at : :// . . / x. ? = _ & k= & =3 8&I =3see also P R , 11 C H A , H : R N -C V DM 31, 11,available at : :// . . / x. ? = _ & k= & =3 5&I

9 . J L ,supra 5.

91. P K ,House Dems Say State Voter-ID Laws a GOP Plan to Suppress Minority Votes,Hill: Floor ActionBlog (J 19, 11, 11:45 AM), :// . / / - / /1 11- - - -

- - - - - - - .

92 . I .

93. R R ,House Dems Join Senate in Urging DOJ to Fight Voter ID Laws , PM Muc ra er (J , 11, 1:1 PM),:// k k . k . / 11/ / _ _j _ _ _ _ j_ _

L R . M L. F , ., H . E H , U.S. A G (J 5, 11),available at ://k . / / 11/ / - - - - - - - j - - -

- - . .94. P R , S D k D , D C H Ex N S V L

S N (S . , 11),available at :// . . / / x. /?ID=1 3-91 -4 1-85 - 9 1 4.

95. Vishal Agrahar ar, Wendy Weiser Adam S aggs, Brennan Center for Justice, he Cost of Voter ID Laws: What the Courts Say ( 11), available at :// . . / / / _ _ _ _ _ _ /.

9 . M : T j - M H.F. 89 $5 , C C C E I M , H.F. 89

$ 5 ( ). Common Cause Minn., hof Voter ID Mandates ( 11), available at :// . . / / /% B 3 1 - 1-4 -9 -

44 9893 5% D/VO ER% ID% COS % REVIEW.PDF.

x : “T $ , D .” B G ,Senate Approves Voter ID Bill , he e as ribune, J . , 11, ://

. x . / x - / - / - - - - - .

S C : “T ‘ k ,’ B Z , W V . ‘I , x .’” S A x,Opponents Call S.C.Voter ID Bill too Costly or axpayers , Sun News, M . 3 , 11, :// . . / 11/ 3/3 / 9 /

- - - - - . .

9 . See, e.g., J J ,Iowa County Elections Ofcials Oppose Bill to Require a Photo ID to Vote , Des Moines Reg.: Author Blog (F . 14, 11, 5:55 PM), :// . . / / x. / 11/ /14/ -

- - - - - q - - - - /; H HB 934 & HB 4 B C . (P . 11) ( D E. H , Ex D , C C ’ A ’ P .); HB S. C . O . & E (W . 11) ( D H -B , P

C k A ’ ).

98. Scott Danigole, Fiscal Note: LB 2 , Neb. Leg., (J . . 11),available at :// k . /F -D /C /PDF/FN/LB 39. .

99. Id.

1 . M S ,Voter Bill Faces Changes , Omaha World-Herald, M . 3, 11, :// . . / -/ 11 3 3/NEWS 1/3 3 39891.




1 1. Id.

1 . L.B. 39, 1 L ., 1 S . (N . 11),available at :// k . / / _ .?D ID=1 9.

1 3. A E k , Auditors Oppose Current Voter ID Bill , Le Mars Daily Sentinel, F . 1 , 11, :// . -. / /1 39 9. .

1 4. ISACA Photo ID E ploratory Comm., A Report on Photo ID for Voting Purposes ( 11), available at :// . . / x_ /ISACAV IDR 11 . .

1 5. J J ,Iowa County Elections Ofcials Oppose Bill to Require a Photo ID to Vote , Des Moines Reg.: Author Blog (F . 14, 11, 5:55 PM), :// . . / / x. / 11/ /14/ -

- - - - - q - - - - /.

1 . R x M ,Iowa State Association o County Auditors Rejects Photo ID Bill , Scott Cnty. Ia. Auditor’s Blog (F .15, 11), :// . . / 11/ /.

1 . A J. N ,Iowa Vote ID Plan Stymied , Omaha World-Herald, A . , 11, :// . . / -/ 11 4 /NEWS 1/ 4 9858/1 9.

1 8. Ok ’ q , . I

, , . H

Stat. . , § -11 .1C ( 11); O la. Stat. . , § -114 ( 11).

1 9. W k . S , 3 S.W.3 1 (M . ).

11 . Mississippi Voter Identification Petition, Ballotpedia, :// . / k / x. /M _VI _P _% 8 11% 9 ( J 19, 11); Initiative Measure No. 27, Mo. Sec’y of Sta

:// . . . / . x? = & 1=1& =51 ( J 19, 11).

111. HF 1597 Status in Senate or Legislative Session 87 , M . L . :// . . . / / / __ . ? =H & =HF159 & = & = 11 ( S , 11);see generally P ,

Push Begins to Get Voter ID on Ballot , Minn. Pub. Radio News (J , 11, : PM), :// . ./ / / / / / 11/ / _ _ . .

11 . See U.S. Election Assistance Comm’n, National Mail Registration Form (2006), available at :// . . //1/D / % % % % % % F

.

113. See 18 U.S.C. § 19 3 ( ).

114. Ariz. Rev. Stat. §§ 1 -15 (A)( 3), 1 -1 ( 11).

115. Id. § 1 -1 .

11 . L T R. W k , Ex . D , U.S. E A C ’ , J B , A . S(M . , ),available at :// . . / /1/P /EAC% L % % A % S

% S % J % B % M % % . .

11 . See G . A , 435 F. S . 99 ( ),rev’d in part, 4 F.3 11 (9 C . 1 ),reh’g en banc granted ,11 U.S. A . LEXIS 85 3 (9 C . A . , 11).

118. G . A , 4 F.3 11 (9 C . 1 ),reh’g en banc granted , 11 U.S. A . LEXIS 85 3 (9 C . A ., 11).

119. 9 G . L 1 (G . 9) ( Ga. Code Ann. § 1- - 1 ( ) ( 11)),available at :// 1. .. / / 9_1 / x / 8 . .




1 . A x , D J .See L . C H , C , V S , U.S. D ’ J ,

E q. (A . 18, 1 );see alsoJ M D , G . H , 48 F. S . 1 (D.D.C. 1 ),available at :// . . / / / /G -M -8- -1 . .

1 1. See B R k ,DOJ Approves Proo o Citizenship Requirement or Voter Registration, Atlanta J.-Const., A . 4, 11,:// . j . / / - - / j- - - -89813 . .

1 . Nat’l Conference of State Legislatures, 20 Immigration-Related Laws and Resolutions in the States(20 ),available at :// . . / / /IMMIG_REPOR _FINALAUG9. .

1 3. S.B. 5 , 11 G . A ., R . S . (A . 11),available at :// . . . . / // 11RS/P /SB 5 - . .

1 4. S.B. 11- 18, 8 G . A ., 1 R . S . (C . 11),available at :// . . . . / / 11 // 3/BAED B3 8F4 E8 5 815 1318? & = 18_ 1. .

1 5. H.B. 5 31, S . Y 11 (C . 11),available at :// . . . / / / .? B =B & _ =HB 5 31& _ = 11.

1 .

H.B. , 11 S . (K . 11),available at :// .k . / / 11_1 / 1/ /1 . S.P. 41, 1 5 L ., 1 R . S . (M . 11),available at :// . . / / / _

=1 5& =SP 41&PID=145 .

1 8. H. 194, 18 G . C (M . 11),available at :// . . /B /18 /H /H 194.

1 9. H.B. 515-FN, 11 S . (N.H. 11),available at :// . . . . / _ / _ .& = 11& =& x = 11& x = 515&q=1,

13 . S.B. 1 8, S . (N . 11),available at :// . . . . /S / 11/R / . ?

131. H.B. 8 4, L . A . (O . 11),available at :// . . . . /11 / / 8 . / 8. .

13 .

S. 3 4, S . 119 (S.C. 11),available at :// . . / - / _ 1 . x ? 1=3 4& == .

133. S.B. 35 , 1 G . A ., 11 S . ( . 11),available at :// . . . / /B I /Dx?B N =SB 35 .

134. H.B. 1338, 8 L . S . ( x. 11),available at :// . . . x. /B L k /H .x?L S =8 R&B =HB1338.

135. S.J. M 8 1, L ., 11 S . (W . 11),available at :// . . . / / .x? =8 1& = 11.

13 . S.B. 5 , 11 G . A ., R . S . (A . 11),available at :// . . . . / // 11RS/P /SB 5 - . ; H.B. , 11 S . (K . 11),available at :// .

k . / / 11_1 / 1/ / /.

S.P. 41, 1 5 M . L ., 1 R . S . (M . 11),available at :// . . / / /? =1 5& =SP 41&PID=145 ; S.B. 35 , 1 G . A ., 11 S . ( . 11),available at ://

. . . / /B I /D . x?B N =SB 35 .

H.B. 1338, 8 L . S . ( x. 11),available at :// . . . x. /B L k /H .x?L S =8 R&B =HB1338.

13 . 4 U.S.C. § 19 3 .




138. A , j j . H I C . A . . B , N . 5:11- - 484 (N.D. A

( j ) ( P . . B , N . 5:11- - 3 (NS . A ., N . :11- - 4 (N.D. A .)).

139. H.B. 5 , § 9( ), 11 G . A ., R . S . (A . 11),available at :// . . . . // 11RS/P /HB5 - . ; H.B. , § 8( ), 11 S . (K . 11),available at ://

.k . / / 11_1 / 1/ / /.

14 . H.B. 5 , § 9(k) (A . 11); H.B. , § 8( ) (K . 11).

141. H.B. 5 , §§ 9( ) ( ) (A . 11); H.B. , § 8( ) ( ) (K . 11).

14 . H.B. 5 , § 9( )( ) (A . 11); H.B. , § 8( )( ) (K . 11).

143. J ,Sec o State Gessler Lands on Legislative Loser List or Voter ID Debacle,Colo. Indep., M 1 , 11.

144. J B ,Levy Call Gessler’s Blu : Says He Should Prosecute Tose Who Vote Illegally,,Colo. Indep., Apr. 8, 11.

145. N L ,County Clerks Want Illegal-Voting Proo ,Denver Post, A . 13, 11.

14 . Scott Gessler, Colo. Sec’y of State, Comparison of Colorado’s Voter Rolls with Department of Revenue Non-Citizen Records (M . 8, 11),available at :// . . / / / / _ _ _

14 . K W. K , supra 3. M . K , , - , . K G k ,Debunking Misin ormation on

Voter ID, Brennan Center for Justice (J , 11), :// . . / / / k __ _ _ /.

148. See K G k ,Smoke and Mirrors: Alleged Non-Citizen Voting in NM and CO, Brennan Center for Justice(A . 1, 11), :// . . / / / k _ _ _ _ -

x _ _ /. C H G (D- X) q M . G ’ , j ‘

’, ‘ ’ … E ,

, k ‘ ’ ‘ .’” P R , KV R S Q H A H O L k B k W

W 1 E (A . 1, 11),available at :// . . . / - /- -q - - - - .

149. P R , H C . H A ., H : R N -C V D W(M 31, 11),available at :// . . / x. ? = _ & k= & =3 5&I

15 . Citizens Without Proof , supra 4.

151. ennessee Debates Bill to Require Proo o Citizenship to Vote , Huffington Post, M 1 , 1 , :// . -. / 1 / 5/1 / - - - _ _5 31 . .

15 . See, e.g., K G k ,Smoke and Mirrors, supra 148.

153. See generally Wendy Weiser et al., Brennan Center for Justice, Voter Registration Modernization, 3-5 ( 9), :// .3 . / 5 13413388 _ 1 . .

154. See id. 3; Caltech/MI Voting echnology Pro ect, Voting: What Is, What Could Be 3 ( 1), avail-able at :// . . . / / / / _ _ _ _ _ . ; S A

B S R C , M . 11, 9,available at :// . . . / / // 311 9A _ . .




155. J M k H & M A. N ,Report o the ask Force on the Federal Election System: Voter Registration, in Nat’l Comm. on Fed. Election Reform, o Assure Pride and Confidence in the Electoral Process 119, 131( ),available at :// . / / / 4 /99_ _ . :// k . . /C IZCUC& =PA134& =PA134& q# = &q& = .

15 . See A ,supra 154, 19.

15 . 4 U.S.C. §§ 19 3 19 3 -1.

158. See generally Christopher Ponoroff, Brennan Center for Justice, Voter Registration in a Digital Age, (W W , E ., 1 ),available at :// .3 . /8 5 3 1_ 1 1 4 . .

159. See Jennifer Rosenberg Margaret Chen, E panding Democracy: Voter Registration Around the World,Brennan Center for Justice (200 ), available at :// . . / / / x _

_ _ _ _ _ /.

1 . 4 U.S.C. §§ 19 3 19 3 -1.

1 1. 4 U.S.C. § 19 3 -4( ).

1 . L W V . C , 44 F. S . . 1314 (D. F . ).

1 3. I 4, .8% -H , 1 . % k 1 .Voting and Registration in the Election o November 2004 – Detailed ables , U.S. Census Bureau, :// .

. / / / / / / / 4/ . ( 14) ( 11). I 8, A A H k

. W 5.4% -H , 1 9. % H .Voting and Registration in the Election o November 2008 – Detailed ables , U.S.

Census Bureau, :// . . / / / / / / / 8/ . ( 14) ( A . , 11).

1 4. D 8- 1 , 14.4 j j

: 1 .3 . U.S. Election Assistance Comm’n, he Impact of the National Voter Registra-tion Act of on the Administration of Elections for Federal Office 200 -20 0: A Report to the 2thCongress 1 ( 11), available at :// . . / /1/D / 1 % NVRA% FINAL% REPOR .

1 5. See, e.g ., R P , Anti Voter Fraud Re orms are Practical, not Partisan, U.S. News World Rep., J , 11,:// . . / / / 11/ / / - - - - - - -

1 . B F , John McCain: “One o the Greatest Frauds in Voter History”,Huffington Post, O . 1 , 8,:// . . / - /j - - - - - _ _1354 . .

1 . See in ra 18 -183 x .

1 8. R J. R ,Columnist: Registering Poor to Vote “Like Handing Out Burglary ools to Criminals”,PM Muc ra er,S . , 11, :// k k . k . / 11/ 9/ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ . .

1 9. T x C ’ .

1 . CS/CS/HB 1355: Elections , Fla. Senate, :// . . /S /B / 11/1355 ( A . , 1

1 1. History: HB 1570,e . Leg. Online, :// . . . x. /B L k /H .x?L S =8 R&B =HB15 ( A . , 11);History: HB 2194, e . Leg. Online, :// . .

. x. /B L k /H . x?L S =8 R&B =HB 194 ( A . , 11).

1 . H.B. 15 , 8 L ., R . S . ( x. 11),available at :// . . . x. / /8 R/ x / /HB 15 F. # = .




1 3. H.B. 194, 8 L ., R . S . ( x. 11),available at :// . . . x. / /8 R/ x / /HB 194F. # = .

1 4. F H.B. 1355 5-13 S -38 H .CS/CS/HB 1355: Elections – House Floor Vote , Fla. House of Reps. (M 15, 11), :// . . /S /B / . x?=1 484&B I =4 543&S I x=-1&S I = &B x =&B N =1355&B S I x=x= &B S x =&B I x= &B R I x= &H C =H&B S I x=-1;CS/CS/HB 1355:Elections – Senate Floor Vote , Fla. House of Reps. (M 5, 11), :// . . /S /B /?V I =1 4 4&B I =4 543&S I x=-1&S I = &B x =&B N =1355&B S

I x= &B S x =&B I x= &B R I x= &H C =H&B S I

1 5. H.B. 15 , 8 L ., R . S . ( x. 11); H. J , 8 L ., R . S ., 1583 ( x. 11),available at :// .j . . . x. / j /8 / /8 RDAY51FINAL.PDF# =5; S. J , 8 L ., R . S( x. 11),available at :// .j . . . x. / j /8 / /8 RSJ 5-1 -F.PDF# =5.

1 . H.B. 194, 8 L ., R . S . ( x. 11); S. J , 8 L ., R . S ., 353 ( x. 11),available at :// .j . . . x. / j /8 / /8 RSJ 5- 5-F1.PDF# =9.

1 . H.B. 194, 8 L ., R . S . ( x. 11); H. J , 8 L ., R . S ., 355 ( x. 11),available at :// .j . . . x. / j /8 / /8 RDAY 4FINAL.PDF# =1 .

1 8. See Court Cases: League o Women Voters o Florida v. Cobb, Brennan Center for Justice (A . 8 8), available at :// . . / / / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ /.

1 9. Id.

18 . L W V . C , 44 F. S . 1314 (D. F . ).

181. Court Cases, supra 1 8.

18 . J R. S k ,Lawmakers Cut ime to File Hurricane-Related Claims , ampa rib., M , 11, :// .. / / / 11/ / 5/ k - - - - - - - - - 5183/;Bill cutting early

voting hours heads to governor,ampa Bay Online, M 5, 11,available at :// . . / / / 11// 5/ - - - - - - - - - 5181/.

183. C W & L P ,Bill Would Cut Early Voting Period in Florida to 7 Days , ampa rib., A .8, 11, :// . . / / k - / 11/ / 8/ - - - - - -

- 3 4/.

184. League of Women Voters of Collier County, available at :// . . / ( S3, 11).

185. Id.

18 . L L R , D C , B C J & M k A. P , SC . C R U L , C H , C , V S , U.S. D ’ . Javailable at :// .3 . /4 13 8395 9 48 85_ . .

18 . Citizens Without Proof, supra 4.

188. L W W , B C J , ., . C H , C , V J (S . 14, 11),available at :// .3 . / 3 1 9 _ 4 k . .

189. See “F : E V S B k V ,”in ra 33.

19 . R & P ,supra 18 .

191. Wendy Weiser et al., Brennan Center for Justice, Modernizing Voter Registration: Momentum in theStates -9 ( 1 ),available at :// . . / /-/D /VRM% S % % F

? =1.




19 . Id.

193. M L ,Same-Day Voter Registration OK’d , Star News Online (A . , , 3:3 AM), :// .. / / 8 /NEWS/ 8 4 9/-1/S .

194. M L C ,Ohio Gets Green Light on Same-Day Registration and Voting , Wall St. J.: Wash. Wire (O . 1, 8,3: 8 PM), :// . j. / / 8/1 / 1/ - - - - - - - -

195. See Brennan Center for Justice, Eliminating Barriers to Voting: Same Day Registration ( 1), available at :// . . / / / _ _ _ _ _ _Election Day

Registration, Common Cause, :// . . / / . ? = kLNK1MQI G& =484911 ( 19, 11);Election Day Registration, Demos, :// . . / 18. ( J 19, 11);Election Day Voter Registration, League of Women Voters Me., :// . . /EDR. ( J 19, 11).

19 . EDR 4 1 % - 8 . Demos, Voters Win With Election Day Registration ( 9),

available at :// . . / / _ 9. .

19 . R L & J S. K k ,U.S. State Election Re orm and urnout in Presidential Elections , 11 St. Pols. Pol’y Q. ( 11), :// . . / /11/1/ . . .

198. See Hearing on S.B. 641 Be ore the Cal. State Assemb. Comm. on Elections and Redistricting (J 5, 11) ( SC ó, S P D , D ),available at :// . . / /A _E _C . (

I , 14, 1 4 4, 5 8 N 4 , 8

199. I 4, 35.5% . Election Data Services, Inc., 200 Election Day Survey Report ( 5),available at :// . . / /1/A M / 4% EAVS% C %I , % j . U.S. EleCommission, Casting and Counting Provisional Ballots ( ), available at :// . . / - -

/ / / - / - - - - - - . /. I 8, 8. j . U.S. Election Assistance Commission, 200 Election Administration and Voting Survey

(200 ),available at :// . . / /1/D / 8% E % A % %% S % EAVS% R . .

. Montana Lawmakers Vote to End Same-Day Voter Registration, Associated Press, A . 5, 11, :// .k q. // - k - - - - - - - /; N D ,‘Modernization o Elections’ Bill Is a Bad

Joke , Colorado Statesman, A . 9, 1 , :// . . / /991 53-%3F%3F- - - -j k ; P R , M . H D , R V P E

(J , 11),available at :// . . / / / x. ? =H D +N & =4& =A .

1. R k M ,Same-Day Voter Sign-Up Set Back , Kennebec J., J 9, 11, :// .kj . / / - -- - - - k_ 11- - 8. .

. Detailed Bill In ormation: HB 152,Mont. Leg., :// . . . / 11/LAW 3W$BSRV.A Q ?P_BL P_BILL_ YP_CD=HB&P_BILL_NO=18 &P_BILL_DF _NO=&P_CHP _NO=&Z_AC ION=F &P_SBJ_DESCR=&P_SBJ _SBJ_CD=&P_LS _NM1=&P_EN Y_ID_SEQ= ( A . , 11);Unofcial Votes or House Bill 194,2 th Gen. Assemb. of the State of Ohio, :// . . . . / . ?ID=1 9_HB_194 ( A . , 11).

3. M M C ,Republicans Move to Abolish Same-Day Voting Registration, New Me. imes, J 1, 11, :// .. / / 11/ / 1/ - - - - - - /

4. L M C ,Existing Law Good or Democracy , Missoulian, A . 13, 11, :// . / / // _195 4 - 9 -11 -8 93- 1 4 3 8 . .

5. R k M , Maine’s Same-Day Voter Registration Ban Signed, Challenged , Portland Press Herald, J , 11,:// . . / / - - - - - _ 11- - . .




.M L C ,Ohio Gets Green Light on Same-Day Registration and Voting , Wall St. J.: Wash. Wire (O . 1, 8,3: 8 PM), :// . j. / / 8/1 / 1/ - - - - - - - -

. Id.; M G ,Vote/Register Overlap Bad in ‘08, Not in ‘10 , Dayton Daily News: Opinion Blog (S . 8, 1 ,5:5 PM), :// . . / / / - / / / / /

8. S.B. 5 , 11 G . A ., R . S . (N.C. 11),available at :// . . . . /S / 11/B /H /PDF/S 5 1. .

9. P R , L Ex O S G , J R. K , G S5, 11, :// . . /P / / / / . 5.11,% B % % EO % %

% .1. ;Unofcial Votes or House Bill 194,2 th Gen. Assemb. of the State of Ohio, :// . .. . / . ?ID=1 9_HB_194 ( A . , 11).

1 . P R , O S ’ S , S S H S S E 1, 11), :// . . . . /SOS/P R / 11/ 11- 1. x.

11. A S ,Ohio Election Law Foes OK to Resume Repeal E ort , ctpost.com (A . 18, 11), :// . . // /O - - - -OK- - - - - 119 83. .

1 .

See Election Re orms Pass the Senate , W AM, J 4, 11, :// . . / - / / / -. ? =1 5 & =8 51888;oledo Rally Aims to Spread Opposition to Election Bills , oledo Blade, J 15, 11, :// . . / / 11/ /15/ - - - - - - -

13. See M k N q ,U.S. States ighten Voting Regulation With Republicans in Charge , Bloomberg, A 5, 11, :// . . / / 11- 8- 5/ - k - - - - - - - -

14. S ,supra 11.

15. See N q ,supra 13.

1 . Detailed Bill In ormation: HB 180,Mont. Leg., :// . . . / 11/LAW 3W$BSRV.A Q ?P_BL P_BILL_ YP_CD=HB&P_BILL_NO=18 &P_BILL_DF _NO=&P_CHP _NO=&Z_AC ION=F &P_SBJ_DESCR=&P_SBJ _SBJ_CD=&P_LS _NM1=&P_EN Y_ID_SEQ= ( J 19, 11);Unofcial Votes or House Bill 194,2 th Gen. Assemb. of the State of Ohio, :// . . . . / . ?ID=1 9_HB_194 ( J 19, 11).

1 . M K ,Ohio Senate Postpones Vote on Photo ID Bill , Recordpub.com (J 4, 11), :// . . // /5 55 .

18. R k M ,Same-Day Voter Sign-Up Set Back , Kennebec J., J 9, 11, :// .kj . / / -- - - - - k_ 11- - 8. .

19. M . H D ,supra .

.C E. S J .,Ending Same-Day Registration Protects ‘Integrity o Maine’s Elections’ , Bangor Daily News, J , 11, :// . / 11/ / / / - - - -%E %8 %98 - - %E %8 %99 - %E %8 %99/.

1. Election Day Voter Registration, League of Women Voters of Me., :// . . /EDR. ( J 13, 11).

.Norden Allen, supra 3, 3 .

3. C S. J ,House Votes to Nix Same-Day Registration, Helena Indep. Rec., F . 4, 11, :// . // _ 5 8-3 3 -11 -9 18- 1 4 . # x 1R AFS .

4. M . H D ,supra .

5. D P ,Lawmakers Give Final OK to Nixing Same-Day Registration, Bozeman Daily Chron., A . 5, 11,:// . . / / _ 4 -5 1 -11 - - 1 4 . .




.S M. C ,Wording o People’s Veto Is Set , Portland Press Herald, J , 9, :// . . // - - - - - _ 11- - . .

.E R ,People’s Veto o Same Day Registration Ban Will Be Question 1 in November,S 1 , 11, :// -. / 11/ 9/ 8/ / %E %8 %99 - - - - - - -

1- - /? = .

8. R. Michael Alvarez et al., 200 Survey of the Performance of American Elections ( 9), available at :// . . . / / / /F % 9 18. .

9. See Frequently Asked Questions , Early Voting Information Center, :// . / q ( A . ,11); E ,Tey Want to Make Voting Harder? , N.Y. imes, J , 11, A ,available at :// . .

/ 11/ / / / 1. ?_ =1.

3 . Jan E. Leighley Jonathan Nagler, Pew Center on the States, he Effects of Non-Precinct Voting Reformson urnout, 72-200 ( 9), :// . . / F /I /MVW/L _N . ? =89 ; Paul Gron e, et al., Early Voting Information Center at ReedCollege, Early Voting and urnout ( ), available at :// . / /G k . .

31. B ,In O.C., It’s a Lot Easier to Vote , L.A. imes, N . , 8, :// . . / 8/ / /

- .3 . B j H ,Long Lines, Voting Machine Availability, and urnout: Te Case o Franklin County, Ohio in the 2004

Presidential Election, 39 PS: Pol. Sci. Pols. 6 ( ),available at :// . . / /PSJ H -. . ( F k C O 4 ,

33. A 5 k 9% D , .4% I 53.4% R O . Ray C. Bliss, he 200 Ohio Ballot Initiatives: Public Opinion

Issues - ( 5),available at :// . k . / / / / 5/ .See alsoC A C k K ,Early Voting: Getting the Jump on Election Day , Nat’l Pub. Radio (N . 4, ), :// . . /

/ / . ? I = 4319 3; J B k ,Voters May Have Teir Say Be ore Election Day , Wash. Post, A ., 4, A 1,available at :// . . / - / /A33 9 - 4A 5. .

34. See, e.g., W J ,New Law Shortens Early Voting Period , imes Georgian J 14, 11, :// . -. / / _ /14 1 1 / -N - - - - - ?

B , L E ,Pro: New Early Voting Rules Combat Fraud and Protect Voter Access , Fla. imes Union,M 31, 11, ://j k . / / - / 11- 5-31/ / - - -

- - - .

35. J M ,House Votes to Shorten Early Voting , Charlotte Observer, M 19, 11, :// . ./ 11/ 5/19/1 81 4/ - - - - - . ; E ,Only the Foolish Limit Early Voting ,

News Record, M 18, 11, :// . - . / / 11/ 5/1 / / _ __ _ _ .

3 . See, e.g., E ,Tey Want to Make Voting Harder? , N.Y. imes, J , 11, A ,available at :// . ./ 11/ / / / 1. ?_ =1; J -A R ,In Florida, GOP Squeezes Obama-Friendly Voters , Miami

Herald, M 1, 11, :// . . / 11/ 5/ 1/ 1945 / - - - q - . .

3 . H.B. 1355, 11 L . S . (F . 11),available at :// . . /S /D / .

x?F N =_ 1355 . x&D =B &B N =1355&S = 11; H.B. 9 , 11 G . (G . 11),available at :// . . . /L / 11 1 /11 54. ; H.B. 85 , 11 G . A ., RS . (M . 11),available at :// . . . / 11 / / / 85 . ; A.B. 311, L . (N . 11avail-able at :// . . . . /S / 11/B /AB/AB311. ; H.B. 35 , 5 L ., 1 S . (N.M avail-able at :// . . /S /11% R / / /HB 35 . ; S.B. 5 , 11 G . A(N.C. 11)available at , :// . . . . /S / 11/B /S /PDF/S 5 1. ; H.B. 194, 1 9 A ., R . S . (O 11),available at :// . . . . /B x 1 9/1 9_HB_194_PS_N.S.B. , 1 G . A ., 11 R . S . ( . 11),available at :// . . . /B /1 /B /SB

; S.B. 581, 8 L ., 1 S . (W. V . 11),available at :// . . . . /B _ x _H ML/ 11_SES-SIONS/RS/ _ / 581% ENR. .




38. H.B. 138, 11 G . A . (G . 11),available at :// . . . /L / 11 1 /1 8934. ; S159 , 14 L . (N.J. 11),available at :// . j . . j. / 1 /B /S /159 _I1. ; H.B. 194, 1 9G . A ., R . S . (O 11),available at :// . . . . /B x 1 9/1 9_HB_194_PS

; A.B. , 11 L ., R . S . (W . 11),available at :// . . / 11/ / /11A 3.

39. H.B. 185, 8 L ., R . S . ( x. 11),available at :// . . . x. / /8 R/ x / /HB 185H. # = .

4 . P k M ,Bill A ects More than Voter ID, Absentee Ballots Limited, Primary Date Moved in New GOP Version, Mil- wau ee J.-Sentinel, A . , 11, :// .j . / / /1 48 9. .

41. I - - , H , H.B. 194 S S ,

. H.B. 194, 1 9 G . A ., R . S . § 35 9. 1(B) (Oavailable at :// . . . . /B x 1 9/1 9_HB_194_PS_N. .

4 . H.B. 194, 1 9 G . A ., R . S . (O 11),available at :// . . . . /B x 1 9/1HB_194_PS_N. .

43. H.B. 194, 1 9 G . A ., R . S . §§ 35 9. 3, 35 9. 31 (O 11),available at :// . . .

. /B x 1 9/1 9_HB_194_PS_N. .44. Lawrence Norden Jessie Allen , supra 3, 59.

45. County, State Ofcials Reach Resolution in Ohio Battle over Absentee Ballot Applications , he Republic, S . , 11,:// . . / / /5 9 1 5 4 5 3 4 1 1 /OH--O -E - 1

4 . Id.

4 . 11 F . L 4 ,available at :// . . / /C _ 11- 4 . ;see also J L , A Devil in the Details o Florida’s Early Voting Law , Election Law Blog (M 3, 11), :// . /? =18 9 .

48. H.B. 9 , 11 G . A . (G . 11),available at :// . . . /L / 11 1 /11 54. .

49. S.B. 9 3, 1 G . A ., 11 R . S . ( . 11),available at :// . . . /B /1 /B /

SB 9 3. .5 . S.B. 581, 8 L ., 1 S . (W. V . 11),available at :// . . . . /B _ x _H ML/ 11_SES-

SIONS/RS/ _ / 581% ENR. .

51. H.B. 138, 11 G . A . (G . 11),available at :// . . . /L / 11 1 /1 8934. .

5 . S.B 159 , 14 L . (N.J. 11),available at :// . j . . j. / 1 /B /S /159 _I1. .

53. S.B. 5 , 11 G . A ., R . S . (N.C. 11),available at :// . . . . /S / 11/B /H /PDF/S 5 1. .

54. S.B. 4 , 11 G . A ., R . S . (N.C. 11),available at :// . . . . /S / 11/B /S/PDF/S4 4. .

55.

I F , H.B. 1355 H 38 S 5 13 .CS/CS/HB 1355: Elections ,Fla. House of Reps., :// . . /S /B / . x?B I =4 543&SI = &B x =&B N =1355&B S I x= &B L I x= &B S x =

B R I x= &H C =H&B S I x= ( A . , 11). I G , H.H 148 S 34 .H.B. 92 Status History,Ga. Gen. Assemb., :// . .

. / / -US/ . x?B =HB&L =9 ( A . , 11). I O H 59 4 S 3 1 .Status Report o Legislation: HB 194,1 9 Gen. Assemb.

of the State of Ohio, :// . . . / / 1 9. /H +B +N / 194?O D ( A . , 11). I , S.B. H 5 11 S 3 3

H 9 S 1 1 .Bill In ormation or SB 0772,enn. Gen. Assemb.,:// . . . / /B I /D . x?B N =SB ( A . , 11




5 . I W V S.B. 581 - D M j L J U II R W K L. F . T H 89 9 S 33 Bill Status: House Bill 581, W. Va. Leg., :// . . . . / _ / _ . ? = 11&& = ( A . , 11).

5 . Jan E. Leighley Jonathan Nagler, Pew Center on the States, he Effects of Non-Precinct Voting Reformson urnout, 72-200 , 1 ( 9), :// . . / F /

/I /MVW/L _N . ? =89 ; Absentee and Early Voting , Nat’l Conference of StateLegislatures, :// . . / . x? =1 4, ( O . 1 , 1 ).

58. W J ,Lawmakers Split on Shortening Early Voting , imes Georgian, F . 5, 11, :// - . // _ /11 3 99/ -L k - - - - - ? = _

59. E ,Cutting Early Voting Is About Money, Not Race , HERALD SUN, M , 11, :// . . // _ /13353 8/ -C - - - - - -- - ? =

.J ,supra 58.

1. J M ,GOP Proposal Would Cut a Week rom Early Voting , Charlotte Observer, A . , 11, :// .. / 11/ 4/ / 515 4/ - - - - - k. # x 1RX MJ.

.E ,Tey Want to Make Voting Harder? , N.Y. imes, J , 11, A ,available at :// . ./ 11/ / / / 1. ?_ =1.

3. See , e.g.,E ,Voting Law’s Sunday Punch, J 15, 11, Herald rib., :// . . // 11 15/OPINION/11 19 ; S M x ,Te Real Frauds Are Backers o Bad Election Bill , Or-

lando Sentinel, M 1 , 11, :// . . / 11- 5-1 / / - - x -- 51111- 11 51 _1_ - - - - - .

4. H.B. 194, 1 9 G . A ., R . S . (O 11),available at :// . . . . /B x 1 9/1HB_194_PS_N. .

5. H.B. 1355, 11 L . S . (F . 11),available at :// . . /S /D / .x?F N =_ 1355 . x&D =B &B N =1355&S = 11.

.S.B. 5 , 11 G . A ., R . S . (N.C. 11),available at :// . . . . /S / 11/B /H /PDF/S 5 1. .

.L L ,Why Ban Sunday Voting? , WRAL.com, J 1 , 11, :// . . / / / / -/9 3 3 8/.

8. J -A R ,In Florida, GOP Squeezes Obama-Friendly Voters , Miami Herald, M 1, 11, :// . ./ 11/ 5/ 1/ 1945 / - - - q - . ; D k j ,Blocking the Vote in Ohio, Innovation

Ohio (J , 11), :// . / / - - k - - - - ; J L A Devil in the Details o Florida’s Early Voting Law , Election Law Blog (M 3, 11), :// . /? =18 9 .

9. L L ,supra .

.F k C ,Early Voting Change Might Reduce Black Participation,Palm Beach Post, J , 11, :// .. / / - - - - - - k- -158 3

1. Id.

.E ,oledo Rally Aims to Spread Opposition to Election Bills , oledo Blade, J 15, 11, :// . ./ / 11/ /15/ - - - - - - - - . .

3. L L R & M k A. P C H , C , V S , U.S. D . J11),available at :// .3 . /4 13 8395 9 48 85_ . .




4. L L ,Why Ban Sunday Voting? , WRAL.com (J 1 , 11), :// . . / / / //9 3 3 8/.

5. Jeff Manza Christopher Uggen, Loc ed Out: Felon Disenfranchisement and American Democracy ( ).

.Sentencing Pro ect, Felony Disenfranchisement Laws in the United States 1 (M . 11),available at ://j . / / / _ _ M 11. .

. Id.

8. C U , .,Criminal Disen ranchisement , 1 Ann. Rev. L. Soc. Sci. 3 , 319 ( 5) (“W x - B , U S

.”).

9. See , . ., Ky. Const. of 7 2 . VIII, § ,available at :// . . / /1 9 _KY_C.

8 . Eri a Wood, Brennan Center for Justice, Restoring the Right to Vote ( 9), available at ://.3 . /5 853 8134 3318 _ 5 1 . .

81. State Based Advocacy , Brennan Center for Justice, :// . . / / / _ _ ( A . , 11).

8 . E k W ,urning Back the Clock in Florida, Huffington Post (M . 1 , 11, 4: PM), :// . -. / k - / - k- - k- _ _834 39. .

83. K Z k ,Iowa Governor Will Give Felons the Right to Vote , N.Y. imes, J 18, 5,available at :// .. / 5/ /18/ /18 . .

84. See G F ,Study: Fewer Ex-Felons Back in Prison A ter Rights Restored , Herald ribune, J 1, 11, ://. / 11/ / 1/ - - x- - k- - - - - /.

85. Bill Status or SB 243, Ala. Leg. Info. Sys. Online, :// . . . . / /ACASL M?SESSION=1 58 ( “ ” k; “ ” k; “SB 43”)

11);House Bill 385: History by Legislative and Calendar Date , Md. Gen. Assemb., :// . . . / 11 //HB 385. ( A . , 11); H. 31 8, 119 G . A ., R . S . (S.C. 11),available at :// . . / 119_ 11- 1 / /31 8. ;Bill In ormation, S.C. Bill Info. :// .

. / / _ 1 . ( “31 8”) ( A . , 11);Bill In ormation, Wash. St. Leg.,:// . . . / / . x? =1 3 # ( A . , 11); H.B.

1 S . (W. V . 11),available at :// . . . . / _ / _ x . ? = 89& = 11& =RS& = 8;Bill Status , W. Va. Leg., :// . . . . / _ / _? = 11& =RS ( “B Q k S ” “ 89”) ( A . , 11).

8 . Fla. Parole Comm’n, Rules of E ecutive Clemency (M . 9, 11),available at :// . . . /PDF / -_ . .

8 . E k W ,Restoring the Right to Vote Gains Momentum, Brennan Center for Justice (A . 9, ), :// .. / / / _ _ _ _ _ _ /.

88. Brennan Center For Justice, Criminal Disenfranchisement Laws Across the United States (20 ), :// . . / /-/D /USA_R V_MAP_ 11. .

89. I Ex . O N . 4 (J 4, 5),available at :// .3 . /5 3 831 95 5 1 _ k. .

9 . L T M. S , A . B A ’ G ’ A O , G -E B , S(J . 13, 11),available at :// . . / /-/D /ABAL B Ex

4 . .




91. T B ,Secretary o State Urges Branstad to Rescind Rule on Iowa Felons’ Voting Rights , Des Moines Reg., J .13, 11, B ; P F ,Felons Must Wait Years or Rights , Fla. oday, M . 1 , 11, B .

9 . E , A Step Back or Ex-Felons,Pensacola News J., M . 1, 11.

93. Z H ,Ex- elons May Have a ougher ime Voting in Iowa,K VO (J . 13, 11, : PM), :// .. / / . x? =5 995.

94. M H ,Rick Scott and Cabinet’s Decision or Ex-Con Voting Hurdles Seems Bogus, Study Implies,Broward-PalmBeach New imes, J , 11 :// . . / / 11/ / k_ _ _ x

_ _ _ _ _ . .



NEW & FORTHCOMING BRENNAN CENTER PUBLICATIONS

Te Cost o Voter I.D. Laws: What the Courts Say V A k , W W , A Sk

Reducing Overclassi cation Trough Accountability E G D M. S

A Media Guide to Redistricting E k W M Pé

Rethinking RadicalizationF P

Promoting Fair & Impartial Courts Trough Recusal Re orm

A Sk A S

Meaning ul Ethics Re orm or the “New” Albany L N , K W , J

Money, Politics, and the Constitution: Beyond Citizens United E M Y

Domestic Intelligence: New Powers, New Risks E B

A Report Card on New York’s Civic Literacy E L M B

ransparent Elections a ter Citizens United C -S

Criminal Justice Debt: A Barrier to Reentry A B , M N , R k D

F , .



at New York University School o Law

1 1 A A1 FN Y k, NY 1 13 . .



Appendix: Summary of State Laws and BillsBelow is a compilation of potentially suppressive voting laws proposed nationwide in the mostrecent legislative session. 1

I. Passed Legislation

Alabama

Photo ID Required to Vote

Bill: H.B. 19 2

Status: Signed into law.

3

Effective Date: Takes effect upon preclearance approval by Department of Justice or a federaldistrict court.

Photo IDs PermittedPrior to voting, a voter must provide one of the following valid forms of photo ID to anappropriate election official:

• Alabama driver’s license or non-driver ID card issued by the Alabama Department of Motor Vehicles;

• Any other photo ID issued by Alabama, any other state government, or the U.S.;• U.S. passport;•

Employee photo ID card issued by Alabama or the U.S.;• U.S. military photo ID;• Alabama photo voter ID card;• Student or staff photo ID issued by a public or private college, university, or

postgraduate technical or professional school located within Alabama; or• Tribal ID card with photo.

Exceptions Available An individual without photo ID may vote only if identified by two election officials in thepolling place as a voter on the poll list who is eligible to vote and the election officials executean affidavit so stating. Otherwise, the voter must cast a provisional ballot.

Absentee Voting ID Requirements

1 Most recent legislative session as of September 2011.2 H.B. 19, 2011 Gen. Assemb., Reg. Sess. (Ala. 2011),http://alisondb.legislature.state.al.us/acas/searchableinstruments/2011RS/Printfiles//HB19-enr.pdf.3 Bill Status for HB 19, Ala. Leg. Info. Sys. Online,http://alisondb.legislature.state.al.us/acas/acasloginFire.asp?SESSION=1058 (last visited September 13, 2011).



Persons voting absentee must submit copy of proper photo ID. Anyone entitled to vote byabsentee ballot pursuant to the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act, theVoting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act, or any other federal law shall not berequired to produce photo ID when voting absentee.

Free IDs The Secretary of State is required to issue a photo ID to registered voters at no cost. A personmust obtain a new photo ID card each time they move within the state.

Public Education Requirements The Secretary of State is directed to inform the public of the voter ID requirement by whatevermeans they deem necessary.

Proof of Citizenship Required to Register to Vote

Bill: HB 56 4


5

Effective Da te: Takes effect upon preclearance approval by Department of Justice or a federaldistrict court. 6

Proof of Citizenship PermittedEvidence of United States citizenship must be demonstrated by one of the following documents,or a legible photocopy of one of the following documents:

• A driver's license or nondriver's identification card;• A birth certificate that verifies United States citizenship to the satisfaction of the

county election officer or Secretary of State;• Pertinent pages of a valid or expired U.S. passport identifying the applicant and theapplicant's passport number;

• A United States passport;• Naturalization documents or the number of the certificate of naturalization;• Other proof of United States citizenship issued by the federal government pursuant to

the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952;• A Bureau of Indian Affairs card number, tribal treaty card number, or tribal

enrollment number;• A consular report of birth abroad of a U.S. citizen;

4H.B. 56, 2011 Gen. Assemb., Reg. Sess. (Ala. 2011),

http://alisondb.legislature.state.al.us/acas/searchableinstruments/2011RS/Printfiles/HB56-enr.pdf.

5 Bill Status for HB 56, Ala. Leg. Info. Sys. Online,http://alisondb.legislature.state.al.us/acas/acasloginFire.asp?SESSION=1058 (last visited September 13, 2011).

6 As of this drafting, the entire law has been temporarily enjoined by a federal court and cannot be implemented untilthe court lifts the injunction. Hispanic Interest Coalition of Alabama, et al., v. Bentley et al., No. 5:11-cv-02484(N.D. Ala. Aug. 29, 2011) (order granting preliminary injunction) (consolidated with Parsley et al. v. Bentley et al.,No. 5:11-cv-2736 (N.D. Ala.) and USA v. Alabama et al., No. 2:11-cv-2746 (N.D. Ala.)).



• A certificate of citizenship issued by Citizenship and Immigration Services;• A certification of report of birth issued by the United States Department of State;• An American Indian card;• A final adoption decree showing the applicant's name and U.S. birthplace;• An official United States military record of service showing the applicant's place of

birth in the United States;• An extract from a U.S. hospital record of birth created at the time of the applicant's

birth indicating the applicant's place of birth in the United States.

ApplicabilityAny person who is already registered in the state on the effective date of this law is presumed tohave provided satisfactory evidence of citizenship and will not be required to resubmit evidenceof citizenship. In addition, anyone who alters their voter registration to indicate a move withinthe state shall be presumed to have provided satisfactory evidence of citizenship.

Affidavit Alternative

If evidence of United States citizenship is deemed to be unsatisfactory due to an inconsistencybetween the document submitted as evidence and the name or sex provided on the application forregistration, such applicant may sign an affidavit containing both a statement of theinconsistency related to the name or sex, and the reason therefor; and a statement under oath that,despite the inconsistency, the applicant is the individual reflected in the document provided asevidence of citizenship.

Free Proof of CitizenshipFree birth certificates will be provided for the purpose of satisfying the proof of citizenshiprequirement to complete a voter registration application. The person must swear that theinformation is to be used for the purpose of voting and does not have any of the other documents

listed as acceptable.

Florida

Restrictions on Voter Registration (Regulation of Third Parties)

Bill: H.B. 1355 7


Effective Date: This bill was implemented in 62 of Florida’s 67 counties upon the Governor’ssignature on May 21, 2011. Because 5 of the state’s counties are covered by section 5 of theVoting Rights Act, the provisions of the law that are outlined in this document cannot take effectstatewide until preclearance approval by the federal district court.

7CS/CS/HB 1355: Elections , Fla. House of Rep.,http://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Bills/billsdetail.aspx?BillId=46543&SessionIndex=-1&SessionId=66&BillText=&BillNumber=1355&BillSponsorIndex=0&BillListIndex=0&BillStatuteText=&BillTypeIndex=0&BillReferredIndex=0&HouseChamber=H&BillSearchIndex=0 (last visited September 13, 2011).



Restrictions on Voter Registration Activity: This bill creates a new mandatory registrationsystem for any “third party voter registration organization,” defined as anyone who collects orsolicits a voter registration form from another person who is not their spouse, child, or parent.The law requires that any individual or group meeting this definition:

• Register electronically with the state before engaging in any voter registrationactivity. This electronic submission must include the name and address of eachemployee or volunteer who will be registering voters on the organization’s behalf,called the organization’s “registration agents.” Have each registration agent sign asworn declaration acknowledging criminal penalties for false voter registration, whichthe organization must submit along with other required information.

• Place information identifying the organization on any blank voter registration formsreceived from Florida election officials.

• Ensure that any completed registration form collected by one of its registration agentsis delivered to Florida officials within 48 hours of completion unless the appropriategovernment office is closed during the required time of submission.

• Account for every state and federal form they use, and to submit this information tothe state for inclusion in a publicly-available database.

Punishment for Offense of the Law:Failure to comport with these requirements subjects the registration agent or third-party voterregistration organization responsible to a series of fines and civil actions.

Restrictions on Voter Registration (Regulation of the Individual)

Bill H.B. 1355 8

Status: Signed into law.(see also above)

Prohibits registered voters from updating their address at the polls.

Restrictions on Early Voting

Bill: H.B. 1355 9

8CS/CS/HB 1355: Elections , Fla. House of Rep.,http://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Bills/billsdetail.aspx?BillId=46543&SessionIndex=-1&SessionId=66&BillText=&BillNumber=1355&BillSponsorIndex=0&BillListIndex=0&BillStatuteText=&BillTypeIndex=0&BillReferredIndex=0&HouseChamber=H&BillSearchIndex=0 (last visited September 13, 2011).

(see also above)

9 CS/CS/HB 1355: Elections , Fla. House of Rep.,http://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Bills/billsdetail.aspx?BillId=46543&SessionIndex=-1&SessionId=66&BillText=&BillNumber=1355&BillSponsorIndex=0&BillListIndex=0&BillStatuteText=&BillTypeIndex=0&BillReferredIndex=0&HouseChamber=H&BillSearchIndex=0 (last visited September 13, 2011).




Previous Early Voting Period: Began the fifteenth day before Election Day and ended on the second day before Election Day (aperiod of approximately thirteen days).

New Early Voting Period: Begins on the tenth day before Election Day for state or federal races, and ends on the third daybefore Election Day (a period of approximately seven days). The supervisor of elections mayprovide early voting for elections that are not held in conjunction with state or federal elections;however the supervisor has the discretion to determine the hours of early voting site for suchoccasions.

Hours: Early voting shall be provided for no less than six hours and no more than twelve hours per day.Previous law required each early voti ng site to be open for eight hours per weekday and eight

hours in the aggregate each weekend.10

Georgia


Bill: H.B. 92 11



Previous Early Voting Period:Began in-person absentee voting forty-five days prior to a state or federal election and twenty-one days before a loc al election (a period of approximately forty-five days), and ended the daybefore Election Day. 12

New Early Voting Period: Begins on the fourth Monday prior to each primary or general election and as soon as possibleprior to a runoff, and ends on the Friday immediately prior to each primary, general election, orrunoff (a period of approximately twenty-one days).

10 Fla. Stat. § 101.657 (2010).11 H.B. 92 Status History, Ga. Gen. Assemb., http://www.legis.ga.gov/Legislation/en-US/display.aspx?Legislation=32221 (last visited September 13, 2011).12 Georgia previously conducted early voting under laws governing absentee voting. Under the old laws, absenteeballots were made available forty-five days before a primary or general election other than a municipal election ortwenty-one days before a municipal primary or election, and could be completed in person at the registrar's orabsentee ballot clerk's office or other designated location through the day before the election. Ga. Code Ann. §§ 21-2-384, 21-2-385 (2010). The new law creates a period of early voting distinct from absentee voting.



Hours :

• Normal business hours on weekdays;• The second Saturday prior to a primary or general election between 9AM and 4 PM;

however in elections where there are no federal or state candidates on the ballot, noSaturday hours shall be required.

NOTE: Counties and municipalities may extend the hours for voting beyond regular businesshours and may provide for additional voting locations to suit the needs of the jurisdiction.

Kansas


Bill: H.B. 2067 13


Effective date: Jan. 1, 2012 14

Photo IDs PermittedThe following forms of identification shall be valid if the identification contains the name andphotograph of the voter and has not expired. Expired documents shall be valid if the bearer of the document is 65 years of age or older:

• A driver’s license issued by Kansas, or by another state or district of the U.S.;• A state ID card issued by Kansas, or by another state or district of the U.S.;• A concealed carry of handgun license issued by Kansas, or a concealed carry of

handgun or weapon license issued by another state or district of the U.S.;• A U.S. passport;• An employee badge or ID document issued by a municipal, county, state, or federal

government office or agency;• A military ID issued by the U.S.;• A student ID card issued by an accredited postsecondary institution of education in

the state of Kansas; or• A public assistance ID card issued by a municipal, county, state, or federal

government office or agency.

Exceptions AvailablePersons over 65 may use expired documentation as proof of identity. Additionally the followingpersons are exempt from the photo ID requirement:

13 HB 2067: Bill History, Kan. Leg., http://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2011_12/year1/measures/hb2067/ (last visitedJuly 11, 2011).14 See H.B. 2067 Reg. Sess. 2011 (Kan. 2011).



• Persons with permanent physical disability that makes it impossible for them to travelto obtain an ID and have qualified for permanent advance voting status;

• Members if uniformed service on active duty who, by reason of such duty, are out of the country on election day or spouse or dependent who by reason of the servicemember are also out of the country;

• Members of the merchant marine who, by reason of service, are out of the country onelection day or spouse or dependent who by reason of the service member are also outof the country;

• Voters whose religious beliefs prohibit photo ID (such persons must submit declarationconcerning such beliefs to secretary of state).

Affidavit AlternativeThere is no affidavit option for voting without an ID.

Early/Absentee Voting ID RequirementsKansas driver’s license number, Kansas nondriver’s identification card number or copy photo ID

is required for both early voting and absentee voting.

Free ID There is no new language set forth in this bill regarding free voter IDs.

Public Education RequirementsThe secretary of state is charged with providing advance notice of the personal identificationrequirements in a manner calculated to generally inform the public. Minimally, the advancenotice must include: use of advertisements and PSA in print, broadcast television, radio, cabletelevision and posting information on the opening website pages of the secretary of state andgovernor.


Bill: H.B. 2067 15


Effective Date: Jan. 1, 2013

Proof of Citizenship Permitted A registrant shall not be registered until they provide satisfactory evidence of citizenship. Thisincludes:

• A driver’s license or nondriver’s ID card issued by Kansas, or by another state ordistrict of the U.S. if the agency indicates on the license or ID that a person hasprovided satisfactory proof of U.S. citizenship;

15 HB 2067: Bill History, Kan. Leg., http://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2011_12/year1/measures/hb2067/ (last visitedJuly 11, 2011).



• A birth certificate that verifies U.S. citizenship to the satisfaction of the countyelection officer or secretary of state;

• Pertinent pages of a current or expired U.S. passport;• Naturalization documents of the number of the certificate of naturalization;• Other documents of citizenship issued by the federal government;• A bureau of Indian affairs card or card number;• A consular report of birth abroad of a citizen of the U.S.;• A certificate of citizenship issued by the U.S.;• A certification of report of birth issued by the US department of state;• An American Indian card with KIC classification;• Final adoption decree showing name and birthplace;• Official U.S. military record of service showing the applicant’s birth in U.S.;• Extract from U.S. hospital record of birth indicating the applicant’s place of birth in

U.S.

If an applicant is a U.S. citizen but does not have any of the documents listed above they maysubmit evidence they believe demonstrates their citizenship. In order to verify this evidence, theapplicant must submit their registration application and the evidence of citizenship to theelections division of the secretary of state who shall give the applicant an opportunity for ahearing on the evidence. The state board shall assess the evidence and determine if the applicantis qualified to vote.

Applicability Any person who is already registered in the state on the effective date of this law is presumed tohave provided satisfactory evidence of citizenship and will not be required to resubmit evidenceof citizenship

Affidavit Alternative If there is an inconsistency, including name or sex, between the proof of citizenship and theregistration application the applicant may sign an affidavit stating the reason for theinconsistencies and swearing under oath that the applicant is a citizen of the U.S. In order to signsuch an affidavit, there may not be inconsistencies between date of birth on the registrationapplication and the proof of citizenship.

Free Proof of CitizenshipAlthough this law makes available free ID cards for persons requiring them to vote, such IDsrequire an applicant to produce evidence that they are a registered voter in Kansas. However,unique among the states, Kansas provides free birth certificates to persons born in Kansas if needed to acquire a photo ID for voting.

Public Education Requirement The secretary of state is charged with providing advance notice of the personal identificationrequirements in a manner calculated to generally inform the public. Minimally, the advancenotice must include: use of advertisements and PSA in print, broadcast television, radio, cabletelevision and posting information on the opening website pages of the secretary of state andgovernor.



Maine

Restrictions on Registration (Regulation of the Individual)

Bill: L.D. 1376 16


Effective date: Sep. 28, 2011

Repeals Election Day registration. The voter registration period now ends two days before theelection.

Nevada

Restrictions on Persons with Felony Convictions

Bill: A.B. 82 17


Effective date: July 1, 2011 18

Prohibits a government voter registration agency or county clerk from knowingly employing orappointing as a field registrar any person whose duties will include the registration of voters if the person has been convicted of a felony involving theft or fraud.

OhioRestrictions on Early Voting

Bill: H.B. 194 19


20

Effective Date: September 30, 2011 21

16 Summary of LD 1376, Me. Leg., http://www.mainelegislature.org/LawMakerWeb/summary.asp?ID=280041037(last visited July 11, 2011).17 AB 82, Bill History , Nev. Leg.,http://www.leg.state.nv.us/Session/76th2011/Reports/history.cfm?DocumentType=1&BillNo=82 (last visited July12, 2011).18 A.B. 82 § 85, 76th Sess. (Nev. 2011).19 H.B. 194, 129th Gen. Assemb., Reg. Sess. (Ohio 2011),http://www.legislature.state.oh.us/BillText129/129_HB_194_PS_N.html.20 Status Report of Legislation: HB 194, 129th Gen. Assemb. of the State of Ohio,http://lsc.state.oh.us/coderev/hou129.nsf/House+Bill+Number/0194?OpenDocument (last visited July 12, 2011).



Previous Early Voting Period:Began in-person absentee voting thirty-five days prior to Election Day.

New Early Voting Period:

Begins in-person absentee voting seventeen days before Election Day, and ends at 6 PM on thelast Friday before Election Day.

Hours:• 8 AM through 6 PM on Monday through Friday• 8 AM through 12 PM on Saturday


Bill: H.B. 194 22


23

Effective Date: September 30, 2011 24

Eliminates existing duty by poll workers to inform voters of the correct voting precinct.

Rhode Island

Photo ID Requested to Vote

Bill: S.B. 0400A (companion to H.B. 5680) 25


26

Effective Date: July 2, 2011. Certain provisions effective Jan. 1, 2012 and certain otherprovisions effective Jan. 1, 2014.

21 Status Report of Legislation: HB 194, 129th Gen. Assemb. of the State of Ohio,http://lsc.state.oh.us/coderev/hou129.nsf/House+Bill+Number/0194?OpenDocument (last visited July 12, 2011).22 H.B. 194, 129th Gen. Assemb., Reg. Sess. (Ohio 2011),http://www.legislature.state.oh.us/BillText129/129_HB_194_PS_N.html.23 Status Report of Legislation: HB 194, 129th Gen. Assemb. of the State of Ohio,

http://lsc.state.oh.us/coderev/hou129.nsf/House+Bill+Number/0194?OpenDocument (last visited July 12, 2011).24 Status Report of Legislation: HB 194, 129th Gen. Assemb. of the State of Ohio,http://lsc.state.oh.us/coderev/hou129.nsf/House+Bill+Number/0194?OpenDocument (last visited July 12, 2011).25 S.B. 0400A, Gen. Assemb., Jan. Sess. (R.I. 2011),http://www.rilin.state.ri.us//BillText11/SenateText11/S0400A.pdf.26 Legislative Status Report: Senate Bill No. 400, State of R.I. Gen. Assemb.,http://dirac.rilin.state.ri.us/BillStatus/WebClass1.ASP?WCI=BillStatus&WCE=ifrmBillStatus&WCU (last visitedJuly 12, 2011).



Photo IDs PermittedProper ID is defined as “a valid and current document showin g a photograph of the persons towhom the document was issued, including without limitation” 27

:

• Rhode Island driver’s license;•

Rhode Island voter ID card ( i.e. , new, free ID card for voters); • U.S. passport;• Photo ID from U.S. educational institution; • U.S. military photo ID ; • Any photo ID card issued by U.S. or Rhode Island; or• Government-issued medical card with photo.

Until Jan. 1, 2014, voters may also prove their identity by showing non-photo documentation,“including without limitation”:

• Birth certificate • Social security card • Government-issued medical card

Exception availableAny voter without a qualifying photo ID can complete a provisional ballot application and cast aprovisional ballot. If the signature on the provisional ballot application matches the signature onthe voter registration, then the Board of Elections will count the ballot.

Affidavit AlternativeThere is no affidavit alternative.

Early/Absentee Voting ID RequirementsThe photo ID law does not apply to absentee voting. Under existing Rhode Island law, allabsentee ballots must be either notarized or signed by two witnesses.

Free IDsRhode Island must start issuing free voter ID cards pursuant to regulations yet to be promulgatedby the Secretary of State.

Public Education RequirementsNo public education requirements are specified by statute.

South Carolina


27 The language, “without limitation,” suggests that any current photo identification that includes the name andphotograph of the voter will be accepted.



Bill: H. 3003 28


Effective Date: Takes effect upon preclearance approval by Department of Justice or a federal

district court. Implementation is contingent upon the State Election Commission’s receipt of necessary funds.

Photo IDs PermittedAll voters must produce a “valid and current”:

• South Carolina driver’s license;• Any other photo ID issued by South Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles;• U.S. passport;• U.S. military photo ID; or• South Carolina voter registration card with photo ( i.e. , new, free ID card for voters).

*Student IDs are not accepted in South Carolina for purposes of identification for voting.

Affidavit Alternative Persons with religious objections to being photographed or who have a “reasonable impediment”to obtaining a photo ID may cast a provisional ballot and submit an accompanying affidavit.County Boards of Registration and Elections must find such affidavits to be valid unless officialshave grounds to believe that an affidavit is false. Affidavits must confirm the identity of thevoter, state that the voter cast a provisional ballot, and state that:

• The voter has a religious objections to being photographed; or• The voter has a “reasonable impediment” to obtaining photo ID. The voter must

identify the impediment on the affidavit, unless otherwise prohibited by state orfederal law.

Early/Absentee Voting ID Requirements The photo ID law does not apply to absentee voting . Under preexisting South Carolina law, tovote absentee, a voter must have a witness attest to his or her signature.

Free IDs The State Elections Commission must make free voter registration card available to anyone aged17 or older who shows a birth certificate or “other evidence acceptable to the department of hisname and date of birth.”

Public Education Requirements The State Elections Commission must establish an “aggressive” voter education program,including:

28 H 3003 Status Information, S.C. Gen. Assemb., http://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess119_2011-2012/bills/3003.htm(last visited July 12, 2011).



• Posting information at County boards and State elections offices, and on theirwebsites;

• Training poll workers at their mandatory training sessions to answer questions fromvoters;

• Posting documentation at polling places describing the changes in the legislation;• Conducting at least two county-wide public education seminars prior to December 15,

2011;• Conducting additional seminars at the local or statewide levels• Placing ads in State newspapers and with local media outlets to disseminate

information concerning the changes;• Notifying each registered voter who does not have State driver’s license or ID card of

the provisions of this act no later than Dec. 2011.South Carolina’s State Elections Commission must create a list containing all registered voterswho are otherwise qualified to vote but do not have a South Carolina driver’s license or otherform photo ID issued by the Department of Motor Vehicles as of Dec. 1, 2011. The list must bemade available to any registered voter upon request. The Commission may charge a reasonable

fee for the list.

Tennessee


Bill: S.B. 16 29


30

Effective Date : January 1, 2012

Photo IDs PermittedVoter must supply “evidence of identification,” defined as:

• Tennessee driver’s license;• Valid photo ID issued by Tennessee, any other state government, or U.S., provided that

such ID contains a photograph ; except a student ID card issued by institute of higherlearning, which is specifically excluded;

• Valid non-driver ID card issued by Tennessee Department of Safety; • Valid U.S. passport; • Valid employee photo ID card issued by Tennessee, any other state government, or U.S.,

provided that such ID contains a photograph; or • Valid U.S. military photo ID that contains a photograph;

Exceptions Available

29 S.B. 16, 107th Gen. Assemb., 2011 Reg. Sess. (Tenn. 2011), http://www.capitol.tn.gov/Bills/107/Bill/SB0016.pdf.30 Bill Information for SB 0016, Tenn. Gen. Assemb.,http://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/BillInfo/Default.aspx?BillNumber=SB0016 (last visited July 12, 2011).



The photo ID law does not apply to:

• Voters in nursing homes who are eligible to vote at their facility per existing law; or• Voters eligible to cast an emergency absentee ballot due to hospitalization under existing

law.

Affidavit AlternativeA voter who meets the following conditions may execute an affidavit of identity at the polls onElection Day and shall be permitted to vote:

• A voter who has a religious objection to being photographed;• A voter who is indigent and unable to obtain proof of ID without payment of a fee.

Early/Absentee Voting ID RequirementsThe photo ID requirements apply to all persons voting early. The photo ID law did not changeabsentee voting rules . Under preexisting Tennessee law, first-time voters who register to vote by

mail cannot vote by absentee ballot; they must vote in person.

Free IDsNo provision to make free IDs available is specified by the statute.

Public Education RequirementsNo public education requirements are specified by statute.


Bill: S.B. 352 31


32

Effective Date: January 1, 2012.

Proof of Citizenship Permitted Proof of citizenship includes:

• Birth certificate, or legible photocopy thereof;• U.S. passport or legible photocopy of the pertinent pages of the passport, identifying the

voter and showing the passport number;• U.S. naturalization documentation, or a legible photocopy thereof;• Other documents or methods of proof of citizenship that are established pursuant to the

federal Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986; or• Bureau of Indian Affairs card number, tribal treaty card number or tribal enrollment

number.

31 S.B. 352, 107th Gen. Assemb., 2011 Reg. Sess. (Tenn. 2011), http://state.tn.us/sos/acts/107/pub/pc0235.pdf.32 Bill Information for SB 0352, Tenn. Gen. Assemb.,http://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/BillInfo/Default.aspx?BillNumber=SB0352 (last visited July 12, 2011).



Applicability The proof of citizenship requirement only applies to registrants who have been found by thecoordinator of elections to not be U.S. citizens, following a comparison of the statewide voterregistration database with the Department of Safety database, relevant federal and state agencies,

and county records. If evidence exists that a particular registered voter is not a U.S. citizen, thecoordinator must notify the county election commission where the person registered, who mustthen request documentary proof of citizenship of the individual as listed above. If the voter doesnot provide such proof of citizenship within 30 days, the county election administrator shallpurge the voter from the voter registration database. The voter may appeal to the State ElectionCommission and submit additional proof of citizenship in person or in writing, and the StateElection Commission shall conduct a hearing and make a determination of the voter’s citizenshipstatus.

Affidavit Alternative There is no affidavit alternative specified by the statute.

Free Proof of Citizenship There is no language in the statute that enables applicants to obtain the required documentaryproof of citizenship for free.

Public Education Requirement No public education requirements are specified by the statute.


Bill: S.B. 923 (compani on to H.B. 708) 33


34

Effective Date: Upon Governor’s signature (June 1, 2011).

Previous Early Voting Period:Began no more than twenty days before Election Day and ended no less than five days beforeElection Day (a peri od of approximately fifteen days). Presidential preference primaries notspecified in old law. 35

New Early Voting Period: Begins no more than twenty days before Election Day of a presidential preference primary andends no less than seven days before Election Day of a presidential preference primary (a periodof approximately thirteen days).

33 S.B. 923, 107th Gen. Assemb., 2011 Reg. Sess. (Tenn. 2011), http://state.tn.us/sos/acts/107/pub/pc0381.pdf.34 Bill Information for SB 0923, Tenn. Gen. Assemb.,http://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/BillInfo/Default.aspx?BillNumber=SB0923 (last visited July 12, 2011).35 The lack of specificity in the old law suggests it applied to both primary and general elections. Tenn. Code Ann. §2-6-10(a)(1)(1994).



Hours: There is no new language set forth in the law regarding hours.

Bill: S.B. 922 (companion to H.B. 709) 36

Status: Signed into law

37

Effective Date: Upon Governor’s signature (April 25, 2011)

Previous Early Voting Period:Began ten days before a municipal Election Day and ended five days before Election Day (aperiod of approximately five days).

New Early Voting Period: Eliminates early voting period for municipal elections not held in conjunction with any primaryelection or the regular August or November general elections, or any special primary or special

general election for state or federal offices, if there is no opposition, including write-incandidates (no early voting period, subject to exceptions). This does not apply to municipalelections held in the largest municipality located in a county having a metropolitan form of government with a population greater than 500,000 as of the 2000 census.


Texas


Bill: S.B. 14 38


Effective Date: The ID requirements of this law will become effective beginning with electionsheld after January 1, 2012, conditioned upon prior preclearance approval by Department of Justice or a federal district court as required by the Voting Rights Act.

Photo IDs PermittedThe following are acceptable forms of photo identification:

36 S.B. 922, 107th Gen. Assem., 2011 Reg. Sess. (Tenn. 2011), http://state.tn.us/sos/acts/107/pub/pc0115.pdf.37 Bill Information for SB 0992, Tenn. Gen. Assemb.,http://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/BillInfo/Default.aspx?BillNumber=SB0922 (last visited July 12, 2011).38 History: SB 14, Tex. Leg. Online,http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=SB14 (last visited July 12, 2011).



• A driver’s license, election ID certificate, or personal ID card issued to the person by theDepartment of Public Safety that is unexpired or expired no earlier than 60 days beforethe election (note: an election certificate issued to a person 70 years or older does notexpire);

• U.S. military ID card that contains the person's photograph and is unexpired or expired

no earlier than 60 days before the election;• U.S. citizenship certificate issued to the voter with their photograph;• U.S. passport that is unexpired or expired no earlier than 60 days before the election; or• A license to carry a concealed handgun issued by the Department of Public Safety that is

unexpired or expired no earlier than 60 days before the election.

Student IDs are not accepted in Texas for purposes of identification for voting.

Exceptions AvailableA person may obtain an exemption from the ID requirement on the basis of disability if theyproduce a statement in a form determined by the Texas Secretary of State that the applicant does

not have any of the prescribed forms of identification, and they have an:

• U.S.Social Security Administration determination of disability; or• U.S.Department of Veterans Affairs disability rating of at least 50%.

Affidavit AlternativeA voter without a photo ID may cast a provisional ballot, which will count if she signs anaffidavit attesting to the fact that she:

• has a religious objection to being photographed, or• does not have an ID as a result of a natural disaster declared by the U.S. President or

Texas’ Governor no earlier than 45 days before the election and that disaster caused theinability to access the voter’s ID.

The affidavit may be signed at the time the provisional ballot is cast or at the time the voterappears before the voter registrar within 6 days following the election to have the provisionalballot counted.

Early/Absentee Voting ID RequirementsThe photo ID requirement does not apply to absentee voting, including early voting by mail.Photo ID requirements apply to all in-person or curbside early voting.

Free IDsTexas will issue an Election Identification Certificate (EIC) to persons who do not have anotherqualifying ID for purposes of voting. The applicant must present a voter registration certificate orregister to vote at the time of applying for an EIC. There is no fee for an initial or duplicate EIC.

Public Education RequirementsThe voter registrar of each county shall provide notice of the identification requirements forvoting and a detailed description of those requirements with each voter registration certificate or



renewal registration certificate he or she issues. In addition, the Secretary of State, and the voterregistrar of each county that maintains a website, shall provide notice of the ID requirements forvoting in each language in which voter registration materials are available. The Secretary of State shall prescribe the wording of the notice to be included on the websites, and shall alsoconduct a statewide effort to educate voters regarding the identification requirements for voting.

The county clerk of each county shall post in a prominent location at the clerk’s office a physicalcopy of ID information in each language in which voter registration materials are available.Finally, the presiding judge at each polling place shall post a list of the acceptable forms of IDoutside in a prominent place.


Bill: H.B. 1570 39


Effective Date: Takes effect upon preclearance approval by Department of Justice or a federal

district court. The secretary of state is directed to adopt training standards under this section nolater than January 1, 2012.

Restrictions on Voter Registration: Current Texas law requires that an individual be appointed as a “deputy registrar” beforeregistering others to vote. The new law forbids any deputy registrar from assisting in theregistration of voters or receiving another’s registration application until he or she has completeda training program required under the law. The law also permits an “exam” at the end of thistraining.

Punishment for Offense of the Law: No punishment enumerated in this law.

Bill: H.B. 2194 40



Restrictions on Voter Registration: Law requires that all deputy registrars must be Texas residents and qualified voters, althoughthey need not be registered voters.

Under the law a person commits an offense of the law if they condition compensation oremployment on the number of voter registrations the person successfully facilitates, sets a quota

39 History: HB 1570, Tex. Leg. Online,http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=HB1570 (last visited July 12, 2011).40 History: HB 2194, Tex. Leg. Online,http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=HB2194 (last visited July 12, 2011).



of voter registrations to facilitate as a condition of compensation or employment, or engages inactivity that causes another person’s compensation or employment status to be dependent on thenumber of voter registrations facilitated. Anyone who accepts compensation for quota-basedregistration as described above also commits an offense of the law.

Punishment for Offense of the Law: Makes it a Class A misdemeanor to give or accept compensation based on the number of individuals that a person registers to vote. Any officer, director, or other agent of an entity thatcommits an offense under this section is punishable for the offense.

West Virginia


Bill: S.B. 581 41


42

Effective Date: March 12, 2011

Previous Early Voting Period:Began twenty days before Election Day and ended three days before Election Day (a period of approximately seventeen days).

New Early Voting Period: Begins thirteen days before Election Day and ends three days before Election Day (a period of approximately ten days).


Wisconsin


Bill: A.B. 7 (companion to S.B. 6) 43


41 S.B. 581, 80th Leg., 1st Sess. (W. Va. 2011),http://www.legis.state.wv.us/Bill_Text_HTML/2011_SESSIONS/RS/pdf_bills/sb581%20ENR.pdf.42 Bill Status: House Bill 581, W. Va. Leg.,http://www.legis.state.wv.us/bill_status/bills_history.cfm?year=2011&sessiontype=RS&btype=bill (last visited July12, 2011).43 Assembly Bill 7: History, Wis. Leg. Data, https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2011/proposals/ab7 (last visited July 12,2011).



Effective Date: May 25, 2011• No voter who votes by absentee ballot will be required to provide proof of identification

before the Spring 2012 Primary Election.• All in-person voters will be requested to produce proof of ID but, prior to the Spring

2012 Primary Election, no voter will be denied a ballot for failing to produce ID.

Photo IDs PermittedA voter may use one of the following documents, so long as it is unexpired or expired after thedate of the most recent election, the name of the individual to whom the document was issued(conforms to the individual’s voter registration form), and contains a photograph of theindividual:

• Wisconsin Driver’s License;• Wisconsin ID Card;• ID card issued by a U.S. uniformed service;• U.S. Passport;• Certificate of U.S. Naturalization that was issued not earlier than 2 years before that

Election Day;• Unexpired ID card receipt ( i.e. , receipt showing that the voter applied for a state ID,

that unexpired receipt may be used as proof of identity);• ID card issued by a federally-recognized Indian tribe in Wisconsin; or• Unexpired ID card issued by a Wisconsin university or college that is accredited, that

contains a date of issuance and signature of the individual to whom it is issued, andthat contains an expiration date indicating that the card expires no later than 2 yearsafter the date of issuance. The student must also establish that he or she is enrolled asa student or university or college on the date that the card is presented.

Student IDs as they are currently issued by all post-secondary institutions are not accepted inWisconsin for purposes of identification for voting.

Exceptions Available

• Military and overseas voters are exempt from providing statutory ID when requestingabsentee ballot or voting absentee.

• A person designated as a confidential elector (such as a domestic violence victim orpolice officer) is not required to provide statutory ID if the voter has a confidential votercard issued by Law Enforcement Organization (LEO).

• A voter who has surrendered his or her driver license is not required to provide photo ID,but must provide the original copy of the citation or notice.

• Persons with a religious objection are not exempt from the ID requirement; however thelaw provides for such individuals to obtain an acceptable ID without a photograph.

Affidavit AlternativeThere is no affidavit option for voting without an ID.

Early/Absentee Voting ID Requirements



ID required for both early voting and absentee voting. The following exceptions apply toabsentee voting:

• An absentee elector, who has received an absentee ballot from the municipal clerk bymail for a previous election, has provided a copy of statutory ID with that previous

absentee ballot, and has not changed his or her name or address since providing statutoryID, is not required to provide statutory ID with subsequent absentee ballots.• An indefinitely confined elector may submit a statement with the indefinitely confined

elector’s address, signed by the individual who witnesses the absentee certificateenvelope verifying that elector’s name and address.

• Electors residing in a qualified retirement home, qualified community-based residentialfacility, certified residential care apartment complex, certified or licensed adult familyhome where the municipal clerk does not send special voting deputies for absentee votingare exempted. Otherwise, these electors may submit a statement signed by the individualwho witnesses the absentee certificate envelope that contains: (1) the certification of theauthorized representative that the elector resides there; (2) the complex, facility or home

is registered or certified as required by law; and (3) the name and address of the elector.• When absentee voting is conducted by special voting deputies in certain homes, facilities

and complexes, the absentee elector may submit a statement with the absentee elector’sname and address signed by the special voting deputies verifying the absentee elector’sname and address are correct. The statement shall be enclosed in the certificate envelope.If the elector presents statutory ID, the special voting deputies shall make a copy andenclose it in the certificate envelope.

• A voter who has surrendered his or her driver license is not required to provide photo ID,but must provide the original copy of the citation or notice.

• A person designated as a confidential elector (such as a domestic violence victim orpolice officer) is not required to provide statutory ID if the voter has a confidential voter

card issued by Law Enforcement Organization (LEO).

Free IDsDOT-issued identification cards can be obtained for free (both as initial issuances or renewal), if the elector is a U.S. citizen who will be at least 18 on the date of the next election, and the electorrequests that the card be provided without charge for purposes of voting. If there is a religiousobjection, a card may be issued without a photograph.

Public Education RequirementThe Government Accountability Board is required to conduct a public informational campaignfor the purpose of informing prospective voters of the voter identification requirements the new

photo identification and proof of residence requirements. Any voter casting an in-person ballotbefore the 2012 Spring Primary Election who cannot produce or refuses to produce photo ID willbe given information in writing about the new photo ID requirements.




Bill: A.B. 7 44


Effective date: June 10, 2011 45

Requires registrants to be residents of the state for twenty-eight consecutive days before anelection (an increase from the previous 10 day requirement); such persons may not apply toregister to vote earlier than the twenty-seventh consecutive day of their residence. Any personwho is otherwise qualified to vote, except that he or she has been a resident of this state for lessthan twenty-eight consecutive days prior to the date of the presidential election, is entitled to votefor the president and vice president but for no other offices. Also moves up deadline for lateregistrants to register to Friday before an election (from previous deadline of the day before theelection).

44 Assembly Bill 7: History, Wis. Leg. Data, https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2011/proposals/ab7 (last visited July12, 2011).45 2011 Wis. Act 23 § 146 (Wis. 2011), available at https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2011/related/acts/23.pdf.

https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2011/related/acts/23.pdf





II. Pending Legislation

Alaska

Voter ID Changes

Bill: H.B. 162 46

Status: Referred to committee; pending

47 (carries over to 2012). 48

Eliminates a waiver under current law that allows an election official to waive the existing photoID requirement for in-person absentee voters if the voter is known to the election official.

California


Bill: A.B. 663 49



Requires specified forms of photo ID when voting in person, subject to certain exemptions.


Bill: S.B. 205 52

Status: Passed by both houses; awaiting Governor’s action.

53

46 HB 162, 2011 Ala. State Leg., http://www.legis.state.ak.us/PDF/27/Bills/HB0162A.PDF (last visited September 7,2011).47 Bill History/Action for 27th Leg.: HB 162, Ala. State Leg.,http://www.legis.state.ak.us/basis/get_bill.asp?bill=HB%20162&session=27 (last visited September 7, 2011).

48 2011 State Legislative Session, StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf. Please note this file may not work inall internet browsers.49 A.B. 663, 2011 Leg., Reg. Sess. (Cal. 2011), http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/11-12/bill/asm/ab_0651-0700/ab_663_bill_20110217_introduced.pdf.50

Current Bill Status: AB 663, Official California Legislative Information, http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/11-12/bill/asm/ab_0651-0700/ab_663_bill_20110526_status.html (last visited September 7, 2011).512011 State Legislative Session, StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.52 S.B. 205, 2011 Leg., Reg. Sess. (Cal. 2011), http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/11-12/bill/sen/sb_0201-0250/sb_205_bill_20110208_introduced.pdf.53 Current Bill Status: SB 205, Official California Legislative Information, http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/11-12/bill/sen/sb_0201-0250/sb_205_bill_20110906_status.html (last visited July 11, 2011).



Effective Date: Will be effective January 1, 2012 if not vetoed by the Governor.

Restrictions on Voter Registration Activity: This bill creates new rules for any “person,company, or other organization,” that offers compensation to any person assisting others toregister to vote. The law prohibits any individual or group meeting this definition from

conditioning the amount of compensation “directly or indirectly” on the number of voterregistrations collected by the person being compensated.

Delaware


Bill: H.B. 199 54

Status: Referred to committee; pending (carries over to 2012).

55

Proposes a state constitutional amendment requiring the Delaware General Assembly to enact alaw requiring photo ID to vote.

Bill: H.B. 200 56


57

Requires specified forms of photo ID when voting in person.

Georgia


Bill: H.B. 138 58


59

Reduces early voting period by starting it three Mondays before Election Day and ending it theFriday before Election Day, rather than the current start date of forty-five days prior to an

54 House Bill #199: Del. Gen. Assemb.,http://legis.delaware.gov/LIS/LIS146.nsf/vwLegislation/HB+199?Opendocument (last visited September 7, 2011).55 2011 State Legislative Session, StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.56

House Bill #200: Current Status, Del. Gen. Assemb.,http://legis.delaware.gov/LIS/LIS146.nsf/vwLegislation/HB+200?Opendocument (last visited September 7, 2011).57 2011 State Legislative Session, StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.58 H.B. 138 Status History, Ga. Gen. Assemb., http://www.legis.ga.gov/Legislation/en-US/display.aspx?Legislation=32321 (last visited September 7, 2011).59 2011 State Legislative Session, State Net: Information and Intelligence on the 50 States and Congress,http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.



election. Per existing law, however, counties and municipalities may extend the hours for votingbeyond regular business hours and may provide for additional voting locations to suit the needsof the electors.

Hawaii


Bill: H.B. 1359 60


61

Requires photo ID when voting in person.

Illinois


Bill: S.B. 2035 62

Status: Referred to committee; pending (Legislature in session through Jan. 10, 2012).

63


Bill: H.B. 3058 64


65

Requires specified forms of photo ID when voting in person or by mail, subject to certain

exemptions.Restrictions on Voter Registration (Regulation of Third Parties)

60 H.B 1359 Status Text, Haw. Leg.,http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session2011/lists/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=HB&billnumber=%201359 (lastvisited September 7, 2011).61 2011 State Legislative Session, StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.62 Bill Status of SB 2035, Ill. Gen. Assemb.,http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/billstatus.asp?DocNum=2035&GAID=11&GA=97&DocTypeID=SB&LegID=5818

0&SessionID=84 (last visited September 7, 2011).63 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.64 Bill Status of HB 3058, Ill. Gen. Assemb.,http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/billstatus.asp?DocNum=3058&GAID=11&GA=97&DocTypeID=HB&LegID=60409&SessionID=84 (last visited September 7, 2011).65 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.

http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/billstatus.asp?DocNum=2035&GAID=11&GA=97&DocTypeID=SB&LegID=58180&SessionID=84






Bill: H.B. 1482 66


67

Reduces the amount of time voter registrars have to turn in registration applications from seven

days to two days.

Iowa


Bill: H.F. 95 (successor to H.F. 8, companion to S.F. 142) 68

Status : Passed house of origin; in committee in opposite chamber; pending (carries over to2012).

69

Requires specified forms of photo ID when voting in person or by mail; requires proof of ID andproof of residence when registering to vote after book closing or by mail, and proof of residencewhen registering to vote on Election Day.

Photo ID Required to Register to Vote

Bill: H.F. 95 (successor to H.F. 8, companion to S.F. 142) 70

Status : Passed house of origin; in committee in opposite chamber; pending (carries over to2012).

(see also above)

71

Requires specified forms of photo ID when voting in person or by mail; requires proof of ID andproof of residence when registering to vote after book closing or by mail, and proof of residencewhen registering to vote on Election Day.

66 Bill Status of HB 1482, Ill. Gen. Assemb.,http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/billstatus.asp?DocNum=1482&GAID=11&GA=97&DocTypeID=HB&LegID=58247&SessionID=84 (last visited September 7, 2011).67 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.68 Bill History for HF 95, Iowa Leg., http://coolice.legis.state.ia.us/Cool-ICE/default.asp?Category=BillInfo&Service=DspHistory&var=HF&key=0114C&GA=84 (last visited September

7, 2011).69 2011 State Legislative Session, StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.70 Bill History for HF 95, Iowa Leg., http://coolice.legis.state.ia.us/Cool-ICE/default.asp?Category=BillInfo&Service=DspHistory&var=HF&key=0114C&GA=84 (last visited September7, 2011).71 2011 State Legislative Session, StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.



Kansas


Bill: S.B. 129 72

Status: Passed both chambers; House’s amendments rejected in conference committee; pending(carries over to 2012).

73

Requires specified forms of photo ID when voting in person or by mail, subject to certainexemptions.


Bill: H.B. 2364 74


(companion bill to S.B. 222)75

Requests specified f orms of photo ID when voting in person or by mail (also permits certain non-photo documents). 76


Bill: S.B. 129 77

Status: Passed both ch ambers; House’s amendments rejected in conference committee; pending(carries over to 2012).

(see also above)

78

72 H Sub for SB 129: Bill History, Kan. Leg., http://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2011_12/year1/measures/sb129/ (lastvisited September 7, 2011).73 2011 State Legislative Session, StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.74 HB 2364: Bill History, Kan. Leg., http://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2011_12/year1/measures/hb2364/ (last visitedSeptember 7, 2011).75 2011 State Legislative Session, StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.76 Note however, inconsistencies in the language of the bill, particularly between Section 1(c)’s expansion of IDrequirements to cover all applicants for advance ballots to be transmitted by mail, and Section 2(a)’s preservation of existing language in the application for such a ballot that seems to retain distinctions between first-time voters andvoters who have previously submitted valid identification. Note also that Section 1(c) retains as valid ID a utilitybill, bank statement, paycheck, government check, or other government document that shows name and address,although Section 2(a) removes these forms from the list of acceptable IDs.77 H Sub for SB 129: Bill History, Kan. Leg., http://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2011_12/year1/measures/sb129/ (lastvisited September 7, 2011).78 2011 State Legislative Session, StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.



Requires documentary proof of citizenship to register to vote.


Bill: S.B. 129 79

Status: Passed both ch ambers; House’s amendments rejected in conference committee; pending(carries over to 2012).

(see also above)

80

Decreases the amount of time voters have to register to vote, moving the deadline from fourteendays prior to an election to nineteen days prior to an election.

Maine


Bill: H.P. 176 81

Status: Passed house of origin; in committee in opposite chamber; pending (carries over to2012).

82


Massachusetts


Bill: H.B. 1113 83


84

Requires specified forms of photo ID when voting by provisional ballot.

Bill: H.B. 1115 85

79 H Sub for SB 129: Bill History, Kan. Leg., http://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2011_12/year1/measures/sb129/ (lastvisited September 7, 2011).80 2011 State Legislative Session, StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.81

Summary of LD 199, Me Leg., http://www.mainelegislature.org/LawMakerWeb/summary.asp?ID=280039234(last visited September 7, 2011).82 2011 State Legislative Session, StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.83 Bill H. 1113: Bill History , Commonw. of Mass., http://www.malegislature.gov/Bills/187/House/H01113 (lastvisited September 7, 2011).84 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.



Status: Referred to committee; pending (Legislature in session through Jan. 3, 2012). 86

Requires specified forms of photo ID when voting.

Bill: H.B. 2731 87


88


Bill: S.B. 316 89


90

Requires photo ID when voting in person (acceptable forms of photo ID not specified).

Bill: S.B. 318 91


92

Requires proof of ID when voting (acceptable forms of ID not specified).


Bill: H.B. 194 93


94

85 Bill H. 1115: Bill History , Commw. of Mass., http://www.malegislature.gov/Bills/187/House/H01115 (last visitedSeptember 7, 2011).86 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.87 Bill H. 2731: Bill History, Commw. of Mass., http://www.malegislature.gov/Bills/187/House/H02731 (last visitedSeptember 7, 2011).88 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.89 Bill S. 316: Bill History, Commw. of Mass., http://www.malegislature.gov/Bills/187/Senate/S00316 (last visitedSeptember 7, 2011).90 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.91

Bill S. 318: Bill History, Commw. of Mass., http://www.malegislature.gov/Bills/187/Senate/S00318 (last visitedSeptember 7, 2011).92 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.93 Bill H. 194: Bill History, Commw. of Mass., http://www.malegislature.gov/Bills/187/House/H00194 (last visitedSeptember 7, 2011).94 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.



Requires documentary of proof of citizenship when registering to vote.

Minnesota


Bill: H.F. 89 95

Status: Referred to committee; pending (carries over to 2012).(companion bill to S.F. 479)

96


Bill: H.F. 302 97

Status: Referred to committee; pending (carries over to 2012).(companion bill to S.F. 169)

98

Requires specified forms of photo ID when voting in person. Removes existing statutorylanguage that failing to check a box does not render a registration application deficient.

Bill: S.F. 354 99


100


Bill: H.F. 1597 101


102

95 HF 89 Status in House for Legislative Session 87, Minn. Leg.https://www.revisor.mn.gov/revisor/pages/search_status/status_detail.php?b=House&f=HF89&ssn=0&y=2011 (lastvisited September 7, 2011).96 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.97 HF 302 Status in House for Legislative Session 87, Minn. Leg.https://www.revisor.mn.gov/revisor/pages/search_status/status_detail.php?b=House&f=HF302&ssn=0&y=2011(last visited September 7, 2011).98 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.99 SF 354 Status in Senate for Legislative Session 87, Minn. Leg.https://www.revisor.mn.gov/revisor/pages/search_status/status_detail.php?b=Senate&f=SF354&ssn=0&y=2011

(last visited September 7, 2011).100 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.101 HF 1597 Status in Senate for Legislative Session 87 , Minn. Leg.https://www.revisor.mn.gov/revisor/pages/search_status/status_detail.php?b=House&f=HF1597&ssn=0&y=2011(last visited September 7, 2011).102 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.



Proposes a state constitutional amendment requiring photo ID when voting.

Mississippi

Photo ID Required to VoteBallot Initiative: Initiative #27. 103

Status: On the ballot for the November 2011 election for voter approval.

Amends the state constitution to require specified forms of photo ID when voting in person,subject to certain exemptions.

Missouri


Bill: S.J. Res. 2104

Status: Passed by Legislature; will be placed on November 2012 ballot for voter approval.

A proposed state constitutional amendment which authorizes the state legislature to require photoID when voting in person, subject to exemptions the legislature may provide by general law(acceptable forms of ID not specified). The amendment states that the legislature may require anindividual to identify himself or herself and verify his or her qualifications as a U.S. citizen and aresident of Missouri. 105

Proof of Citizenship Required to Vote


Status: Approved by Legislature; will be placed on November 2012 ballot for voter approval.(see also above)

A proposed state constitutional amendment which authorizes the state legislature to require IDwhen voting in person, subject to exemptions the legislature may provide by general law(acceptable forms of ID not specified). The amendment states that the legislature may require an

103 Miss. Sec’y of State, Initiative # 27: Voter Identification (2011),

http://www.sos.ms.gov/Elections/Initiatives/Initiatives/Voter%20Identification-PW%20revised.pdf (last visitedSeptember 7, 2011). Initiative #27 is not state legislation, but an initiative placed on the ballot by voter petition.104 SJR 2, Mo. Sen.,http://www.senate.mo.gov/11info/BTS_Web/Bill.aspx?SessionType=R&BillID=4065296 (lastvisited September 7, 2011).105 Note that the language of the resolution is not clear as to whether a single document must satisfy all of theserequirements or whether multiple documents will be acceptable.106 SJR 2, Mo. Sen., http://www.senate.mo.gov/11info/BTS_Web/Bill.aspx?SessionType=R&BillID=4065296 (lastvisited September 7, 2011).



individual to identify himself or herself and verify his or her qualifications as a U.S. citizen and aresident of Missouri. 107

Nebraska


Bill: L.B. 239 108


109


New Hampshire


Bill: H.B. 356 110


111


Photo ID Requested to Register to Vote

Bill: H.B. 515 112


113

Requests specified forms of photo ID when registering to vote (permits voters without such ID toestablish identity through any reasonable means as determined by the supervisors of the registry

107 Note that the language of the resolution is not clear as to whether a single document must satisfy all of theserequirements or whether multiple documents will be acceptable.108 LB239—Require presentation of government-issued photographic identification to vote in elections , Neb. Leg., http://nebraskalegislature.gov/bills/view_bill.php?DocumentID=12209 (last visited September 7, 2011). 109 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.110 Bill Status System: HB 356, N.H. Gen. Court,http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/bill_status/bill_status.aspx?lsr=235&sy=2011&sortoption=&txtsessionyear=2011&

txtbillnumber=hb356&q=1 (last visited ptember 7, 2011).111 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.112 Bill Status System: HB 515, N.H. Gen. Court,http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/bill_status/bill_status.aspx?lsr=326&sy=2011&sortoption=&txtsessionyear=2011&txtbillnumber=hb515&q=1 (last visited September 7, 2011).113 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.



or verification of the person’s identity by another person registered as a voter and known to thesupervisor or clerk).


Bill: H.B. 515114

Status: Referred to committee; pending (carries over to 2012).(see also above) 115


New Jersey


Bill: S. 2996 116


117

Requires specified forms of photo ID when voting, subject to certain exemptions.

New York


Bill: A.B. 3373 118


119

Requests specified forms of photo ID when voting (also permits certain non-photo IDs asprovided for by the State Board of Elections, reflecting to the extent possible the New York Department of Motor Vehicles’ “six points of identification”).

114 Bill Status System: HB 515, N.H. Gen. Court,http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/bill_status/bill_status.aspx?lsr=326&sy=2011&sortoption=&txtsessionyear=2011&txtbillnumber=hb515&q=1 (last visited September 7, 2011).115 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.116 S. 2996, 214th Leg., Reg. Sess. (N.J. 2011), http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/2010/Bills/S3000/2996_I1.PDF (last

visited September 7, 2011).117 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.118 A03373 Actions, N.Y. State Assemb.,http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?default_fld=&bn=A03373&term=&Summary=Y&Actions=Y&Votes=Y&Text=Y(last visited September 7, 2011).119 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.



North Carolina


Bill: S.B. 595 120


121



Bill: S.B. 657 122


123

Reduces early voting by one week.


Bill: S.B. 657 124

Status: Referred to committee; pending (carries over to 2012).(see also above)

125

Makes it illegal to pay anyone to gather voter registrations if the worker is paid on a per-registration basis.

Bill: S.B. 47 126

Status: Passed house of origin; pending in opposite chamber (carries over to 2012).

127

120 Senate Bill 595, N.C. Gen. Assemb.,http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/gascripts/BillLookUp/BillLookUp.pl?Session=2011&BillID=Sb595 (last visitedSeptember 7, 2011).121 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.122 Senate Bill 657, N.C. Gen. Assemb.,http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/gascripts/BillLookUp/BillLookUp.pl?Session=2011&BillID=sb+657 (last visitedSeptember 7, 2011).123 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.124 Senate Bill 657, N.C. Gen. Assemb.,http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/gascripts/BillLookUp/BillLookUp.pl?Session=2011&BillID=sb+657 (last visitedSeptember 7, 2011).125 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.126 Senate Bill 47, N.C. Gen. Assemb.,http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/gascripts/BillLookUp/BillLookUp.pl?Session=2011&BillID=sb+47 (last visitedSeptember 7, 2011).



Makes it a misdemeanor to pay anyone to register others or encourage or assist others to fill outvoter registration forms on the basis of number of applications completed.


Bill: S.B. 657 128


129

Ends pre-registration for 17-year-olds and repeals Election Day registration.

Pennsylvania


Bill: H.B. 934 130

Status: Passed house of origin; pending in opposite chamber (Legislature in session through Jan.4, 2011).

131


South Carolina


Bill: S. 1 132


133

127 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.128 Senate Bill 657, N.C. Gen. Assemb.,http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/gascripts/BillLookUp/BillLookUp.pl?Session=2011&BillID=sb+657 (last visitedSeptember 7, 2011).129 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.130 Bill Information: House Bill 934, Pa Gen. Assemb.,

http://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/billinfo/billinfo.cfm?syear=2011&sind=0&body=H&type=B&BN=0934 (lastvisited September 7, 2011).131 2011 State Legislative Session , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.132 S. 1 Status Information, S.C. Gen. Assemb., http://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess119_2011-2012/bills/1.htm (lastvisited September 7, 2011).133 2011 State Legislative Session , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.





Bill: S. 304 134


135

Requires documentary proof of citizenship when registering vote.

Felony Disenfranchisement

Bill: H.B. 3168 136


137

Proposed state constitutional amendment to permanently disenfranchise persons required toregister as a sex offender pursuant to the laws of South Carolina or any other state or military

jurisdiction.

Tennessee

Photo ID Requested to Register to Vote

Bill: S.B. 133 138



Requires specified forms of ID to register to vote (permits certain non-photo documents).

Washington


134 S. 304, Status Information, S.C. Gen. Assemb., http://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess119_2011-2012/bills/304.htm(last visited September 7, 2011).135 2011 State Legislative Session , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.136 Bill Status for HB 3168 , South Carolina Bill information http://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess119_2011-2012/bills/3168.htm (last visited September 7, 2011).137

2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.138 S.B. 133, 107th Gen. Assemb., 2011 Reg. Sess. (Tenn. 2011),http://www.capitol.tn.gov/Bills/107/Bill/SB0133.pdf.139 Bill Information for SB 0133, Tenn. Gen. Assemb.,http://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/BillInfo/Default.aspx?BillNumber=SB0133 (last visited September 7, 2011).140 2011 State Legislative Session , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.



Bill: S.J. Mem’l 8001 141


142

Resolution requests that any federal grants conditional on voluntary adoption of voting or voter

registration procedures require states to mandate that voters present photo ID when voting inperson or by mail.


Bill: S.J. Mem’l 8001 143


144

Resolution requests that any federal grants conditional on voluntary adoption of voting or voterregistration procedures require states to mandate that applicants present proof of citizenshipwhen registering to vote.


Bill: H.B. 1030 145


146

Requires persons with felony convictions to pay all court-ordered financial obligations before thestate will restore their voting rights, even if all terms of imprisonment or community custodyhave been served.

Wisconsin


Bill: A.B. 67 147

141 Bill Information , Wash. St. Leg., http://apps.leg.wa.gov/billinfo/summary.aspx?bill=8001&year=2011 (lastvisited September 7, 2011).142 2011 State Legislative Session , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.143 Bill Information , Wash. St. Leg., http://apps.leg.wa.gov/billinfo/summary.aspx?bill=8001&year=2011 (lastvisited September 7, 2011).

144 2011 State Legislative Session , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.145 Bill Information , Wash. St. Leg http://apps.leg.wa.gov/billinfo/summary.aspx?bill=1030#documents (last visitedSeptember 7, 2011).146 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.147 Assembly Bill 67: History, Wis. Leg. Data, https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2011/proposals/ab67 (last visitedSeptember 7, 2011).



Status: Referred to committee; pending. (Legislature in session through Jan. 10, 2011) 148

At any election prior to the spring 2012 primary the election officials shall request photo ID,subject to certain exemptions; allows voters to vote even if they do not show such ID, butprovides information on how to obtain proper proof of identification.

148 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.



III. Failed Legislation

Arizona


Bill: H.B. 2649 149

Status: Died in committee.

150

Requires legible photocopy of specified forms of photo ID when voting early by mail. Alsomakes any officer who fails to report an unlawful registration to the prosecuting authoritiesguilty of a class two misdemeanor.

Colorado


Bill: H.B. 1003 151

Status: Passed house of origin; died in committee in opposite chamber.

Requires specified forms of photo ID when voting, subject to certain exemptions.


Bill: S.B. 18 152



Bill: H.B. 1252 153


149 H.B. 2649, 50th Leg., 1st Reg. Sess. (Ariz. 2011), http://www.azleg.gov/legtext/50leg/1r/bills/hb2649p.pdf.150 Bill Status Overview, HB 2649, Ariz. State Leg.,http://www.azleg.gov//FormatDocument.asp?inDoc=/legtext/50leg/1r/bills/hb2649o.asp&Session_ID=102 (last

visited July 11, 2011).151 Summarized History for Bill Number HB11-1003 , Colo. Gen. Assemb.,http://www.leg.state.co.us/CLICS/CLICS2011A/csl.nsf/BillFoldersHouse?openFrameset (last visited July 11, 2011).152 Summarized History for Bill Number SB11-018 , Colo. Gen. Assemb.,http://www.leg.state.co.us/CLICS/CLICS2011A/csl.nsf/BillFoldersSenate?openFrameset (last visited July 11,2011).153 Summarized History for Bill Number HB11-1252 , Colo. Gen. Assemb.,http://www.leg.state.co.us/CLICS/CLICS2011A/csl.nsf/BillFoldersHouse?openFrameset (last visited July 11, 2011).

http://www.leg.state.co.us/CLICS/CLICS2011A/csl.nsf/BillFoldersHouse?openFrameset

http://www.leg.state.co.us/CLICS/CLICS2011A/csl.nsf/BillFoldersHouse?openFrameset



Requires Secretary of State to periodically verify U.S. citizenship of registered voters againststate- and federally-maintained records. Requires Secretary of State to notify and request proof of citizenship from anyone whom evidence suggests is not a citizen. If registered voter does notprovide required proof within ninety days of receiving notification their registration record willbe marked “incomplete” and they shall not be allowed to vote until the record is completed.

Connecticut


Bill: H.B. 5231 154


Requires photo ID when voting in person (acceptable forms of ID not specified).

Bill: S.B. 604 155


Requires photo ID when voting in person (acceptable forms of ID not specified).


Bill: H.B. 5231 156

Status: Died in committee.(see also above)

Requires proof of citizenship when voting (acceptable forms of proof not specified).

Maine


Bill: L.D. 797 (companion to S.P. 241) 157


154 Proposed H.B. 5231: Bill History, Conn. Gen. Assemb.,http://www.cga.ct.gov/asp/cgabillstatus/cgabillstatus.asp?selBillType=Bill&bill_num=5231&which_year=2011 (lastvisited July 11, 2011).155 Proposed S.B. 604: Bill History, Conn. Gen. Assemb.,http://www.cga.ct.gov/asp/cgabillstatus/cgabillstatus.asp?selBillType=Bill&bill_num=604&which_year=2011 (lastvisited July 11, 2011).156 Proposed H.B. 5231: Bill History, Conn. Gen. Assemb.,http://www.cga.ct.gov/asp/cgabillstatus/cgabillstatus.asp?selBillType=Bill&bill_num=5231&which_year=2011 (lastvisited July 11, 2011).157 Summary of LD 797, Me Leg., http://www.mainelegislature.org/LawMakerWeb/summary.asp?ID=280040033(last visited July 11, 2011).





Bill: L.D. 797 (companion to S.P. 241)158

Status: Died in committee. (see also above)

Requires proof of citizenship when registering to vote after book closing (acceptable forms of proof not specified).


Bill: L.D. 797 (companion to S.P. 241) 159


Repeals Election Day registration. Registration period would end seven days before the election.

Maryland


Bill: H.B. 288 160



Bill: H.B. 701 161




Bill: H.B. 850 162

158 Summary of LD 797, Me Leg., http://www.mainelegislature.org/LawMakerWeb/summary.asp?ID=280040033(last visited July 11, 2011).

159 Summary of LD 797, Me Leg., http://www.mainelegislature.org/LawMakerWeb/summary.asp?ID=280040033(last visited July 11, 2011).160 House Bill 288: History by Legislative and Calendar Date , Md. Gen. Assemb.,http://mlis.state.md.us/2011rs/billfile/HB0288.htm (last visited July 11, 2011).161 House Bill 701: History by Legislative and Calendar Date , Md. Gen. Assemb.,http://mlis.state.md.us/2011rs/billfile/HB0701.htm (last visited July 11, 2011).162 House Bill 850: History by Legislative and Calendar Date , Md. Gen. Assemb.,http://mlis.state.md.us/2011rs/billfile/HB0850.htm (last visited July 11, 2011).




Repeals early voting.


Bill: H.B. 385 163


Prohibits voting by eligible person with a felony conviction by any method other than absenteeballot. Modifies the voter registration application to (1) require an applicant to indicate whetherhe or she is a felon, and (2) notify one who has been convicted of a felony that he or she mayvote only by absentee ballot and not at a polling place; provides that an exception to prohibitionagainst registered sex offenders from entering a school for the purposes of voting does not applyto those who have been convicted of a felony.

Bill: H.B. 1269164


Forbids qualified voter who is required to register as a sex offender from voting or early votingat a polling place located at a school or child care facility. The voter must vote absentee unlessthe following exception provided for in existing law applies: The voter may vote early at theirpolling place if it is located at the school or child care facility of their child and they havereceived permission within the last year from the Superintended of Schools to access thepremises and the voter notifies the school of their visit and its purpose.

Minnesota


Bill: S.F. 509 (companion to H.F. 210) 165

Status: Passed by Legislature, vetoed by Governor.


Mississippi

163Senate Bill 385: History by Legislative and Calendar Date , Md. Gen. Assemb.,http://senate.state.md.us/2011rs/billfile/HB0385.htm (last visited July 13 2011).164 House Bill 1269: History by Legislative and Calendar Date , Md. Gen. Assemb.,http://senate.state.md.us/2011rs/billfile/HB1269.htm (last visited July 18 2011).165 SF 509 Status in Senate for Legislative Session 87, Minn. Leg.https://www.revisor.mn.gov/revisor/pages/search_status/status_detail.php?b=Senate&f=SF509&ssn=0&y=2011(last visited July 12, 2011).




Bill: H.B. 228 166


Requires specified forms of photo ID when voting in person or by mail (ID must have requiredproof of citizenship to obtain).

Bill: H.B. 233 167


Requires specified forms of photo ID when voting in person or by mail (ID must have requiredproof of citizenship to obtain).


Bill: H.B. 394168


Requests specified forms of photo ID when voting in person or by mail (also permits certain non-photo documents).


Bill: S.B. 2012 169


Makes it harder to register voters by requiring every person or organization that solicits orcollects voter registrations to register with the state and submit all registrations within ten days of receiving them. Makes it illegal to pay anyone to gather voter registrations if the worker is paidon a per-registration basis. Imposes fines on organizations or individuals who fail to comply withthe requirements.

Missouri


166

House Bill 228, Miss. Leg., http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2011/pdf/history/HB/HB0228.xml (last visited July 12,2011).167 House Bill 233, Miss. Leg., http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2011/pdf/history/HB/HB0233.xml (last visited July 12,2011).168 House Bill 394, Miss. Leg., http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2011/pdf/history/HB/HB0394.xml (last visited July 12,2011).169Senate Bill 2012, Miss. Leg., http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2011/pdf/history/SB/SB2012.xml (last visited July 12,2011).



Bill: S.B. 3 170

Status: Passed by the Legislature; vetoed by the Governor.

171


Bill: H.B. 329 172


173


Bill: S.J. Res. 9 174


175

A proposed state constitutional amendment under which the legislature shall require photo IDwhen voting in person, subject to certain exemptions the legislature may provide by general law

(acceptable forms of photo ID not specified). The amendment states that the legislature shallrequire an individual to identify himself or herself and veri fy his or her qualifications as a citizenof the United States and a resident of the state of Missouri. 176

Bill: H.R.J. Res. 14 177


178

A proposed state constitutional amendment under which the legislature may require photo IDwhen voting in person, subject to certain exemptions the legislature may provide by general law(acceptable forms of photo ID not specified). The amendment states that the legislature may

170 S.B. 3, 96th Gen. Assemb., 1st Reg. Sess. (Mo. 2011), http://www.senate.mo.gov/11info/pdf-bill/tat/SB3.pdf.171 SB 3, Mo. Sen., http://www.senate.mo.gov/11info/BTS_Web/Bill.aspx?SessionType=R&BillID=4065294 (lastvisited July 12, 2011).172 H.B. 329, 96th Gen. Assemb., 1st Reg. Sess. (Mo. 2011),http://www.house.mo.gov/billtracking/bills111/billpdf/commit/HB0329C.PDF.173 Activity History for HB 329, Mo. House of Rep.,http://www.house.mo.gov/BillActions.aspx?bill=HB329&year=2011&code=R (last visited July 12, 2011)174 S.J. Res. 9, 96th Gen. Assemb., 1st Reg. Sess. (Mo. 2011), http://www.senate.mo.gov/11info/pdf-bill/intro/SJR9.pdf.175

SJR 9, Mo. Sen., http://www.senate.mo.gov/11info/BTS_Web/Actions.aspx?SessionType=R&BillID=4072843(last visited July 12, 2011).176 Note that the language of the resolution is not clear as to whether one photo ID must satisfy all of theserequirements or whether additional documents may be provided to supplement a photo ID.177 H.J. Res. 14, 96th Gen. Assemb., 1st Reg. Sess. (Mo. 2011),http://www.house.mo.gov/billtracking/bills111/billpdf/intro/HJR0014I.PDF.178 Activity History for HJR 14, Mo. House of Rep.,http://www.house.mo.gov/BillActions.aspx?bill=HJR14&year=2011&code=R (last visited July 12, 2011).



require an individual to identify himself or herself and veri fy his or her qualifications as a citizenof the United States and a resident of the state of Missouri. 179



Status: Died in committee.(see als o above)181

A proposed state constitutional amendment under which the legislature shall require photo IDwhen voting in person, subject to certain exemptions the legislature may provide by general law(acceptable forms of photo ID not specified). The amendment states that the legislature shallrequire an individual to identify himself or herself and veri fy his or her qualifications as a citizenof the United States and a resident of the state of Missouri. 182

Bill: H.R.J. Res. 14 183


184

A proposed state constitutional amendment under which the legislature may require photo IDwhen voting in person, subject to certain exemptions the legislature may provide by general law(acceptable forms of photo ID not specified). The amendment states that the legislature mayrequire an individual to identify himself or herself and veri fy his or her qualifications as a citizenof the United States and a resident of the state of Missouri. 185

Montana


Bill: H.B. 152 186

Status: Passed by Legislature; vetoed by Governor. 187

179 Note that the language of this resolution is unclear as to whether one photo ID must satisfy all of theserequirements or whether additional documents may be provided to supplement a photo ID.180 S.J. Res. 9, 96th Gen. Assemb., 1st Reg. Sess. (Mo. 2011), http://www.senate.mo.gov/11info/pdf-bill/intro/SJR9.pdf.181 SJR 9, Mo. Sen., http://www.senate.mo.gov/11info/BTS_Web/Actions.aspx?SessionType=R&BillID=4072843(last visited July 12, 2011).182 Note that the language of the resolution is not clear as to whether one photo ID must satisfy all of theserequirements or whether additional documents may be provided to supplement a photo ID.183 H.J. Res. 14, 96th Gen. Assemb., 1st Reg. Sess. (Mo. 2011),http://www.house.mo.gov/billtracking/bills111/billpdf/intro/HJR0014I.PDF.184 Activity History for HJR 14, Mo. House of Rep.,http://www.house.mo.gov/BillActions.aspx?bill=HJR14&year=2011&code=R (last visited July 12, 2011).185 Note that the language of this resolution is unclear as to whether one photo ID must satisfy all of theserequirements or whether additional documents may be provided to supplement a photo ID.186 H.B. 152, 62nd Leg. (Mont. 2011), http://data.opi.mt.gov/bills/2011/billpdf/HB0152.pdf.



Requires specified forms of photo ID when voting in person and by mail.


Bill: H.B. 180188

Status: Passed by Legislature; vetoed by Governor. 189

Eliminates Election Day registration.

Nevada


Bill: A.B. 327 190


Requires specified forms of photo ID when voting in person and by mail, subject to certainexemptions.

Bill: A.B. 425 191



Bill: A.B. 431 192

187 Detailed Bill Information: HB152, Mont. Leg.,http://laws.leg.mt.gov/laws11/LAW0203W$BSRV.ActionQuery?P_BLTP_BILL_TYP_CD=HB&P_BILL_NO=152&P_BILL_DFT_NO=&P_CHPT_NO=&Z_ACTION=Find&P_SBJ_DESCR=&P_SBJT_SBJ_CD=&P_LST_NM1=&P_ENTY_ID_SEQ= (last visited July 12, 2011).188 H.B. 180, 62nd Leg. (Mont. 2011), http://data.opi.mt.gov/bills/2011/billpdf/HB0180.pdf.189 Detailed Bill Information: HB180, Mont. Leg.,http://laws.leg.mt.gov/laws11/LAW0203W$BSRV.ActionQuery?P_BLTP_BILL_TYP_CD=HB&P_BILL_NO=180&P_BILL_DFT_NO=&P_CHPT_NO=&Z_ACTION=Find&P_SBJ_DESCR=&P_SBJT_SBJ_CD=&P_LST_NM1=&P_ENTY_ID_SEQ=(last visited July 12, 2011).190 AB 327: Bill History, Nev. Leg.,http://www.leg.state.nv.us/Session/76th2011/Reports/history.cfm?DocumentType=1&BillNo=327 (last visited July12, 2011).191 AB 425: Bill History , Nev. Leg.,http://www.leg.state.nv.us/Session/76th2011/Reports/history.cfm?DocumentType=1&BillNo=425 (last visited July12, 2011).192 AB 431: Bill History , Nev. Leg.,http://www.leg.state.nv.us/Session/76th2011/Reports/history.cfm?DocumentType=1&BillNo=431 (last visited July12, 2011).




Requires specified forms photo ID when voting in person and by mail, subject to certainexemptions.

Bill: A.B. 434193



Bill: S.B. 373 194




Bill: A.B. 435 195


Requests photo ID when voting in person and by mail, subject to certain exemptions (alsoaccepts certain non-photo documents).

Proof of Citizenship Required To Register to Vote

Bill: S.B. 178 196


Requires documentary proof of citizenship when registering to vote.


Bill: A.B. 327 197

193 AB 434 , Bill History , Nev. Leg.,http://www.leg.state.nv.us/Session/76th2011/Reports/history.cfm?DocumentType=1&BillNo=434 (last visited July12, 2011).

(see also above)

194SB 373 , Bill History , Nev. Leg., http://www.leg.state.nv.us/Session/76th2011/Reports/history.cfm?ID=890 (lastvisited July 12, 2011).195 AB 435 , Bill History , Nev. Leg.,http://www.leg.state.nv.us/Session/76th2011/Reports/history.cfm?DocumentType=1&BillNo=435 (last visited July12, 2011).196 SB 178, Bill History , Nev. Leg.,http://www.leg.state.nv.us/Session/76th2011/Reports/history.cfm?DocumentType=2&BillNo=178 (last visited July12, 2011).




Eliminates early voting in primary and general elections.

Bill: A.B. 311 198

Status: Died in committee.Eliminates early voting in primary and general elections.

New Hampshire


Bill: S.B. 129 199

Status: Passed by Legislature; vetoed by Governor.



Bill: H.B. 223 200


Eliminates Election Day registration.

Bill: HB 176 201

Status: Vote failed on House floor.

202

197 AB 327: Bill History, Nev. Leg.,http://www.leg.state.nv.us/Session/76th2011/Reports/history.cfm?DocumentType=1&BillNo=327 (last visited July12, 2011).198 AB 311, Bill History , Nev. Leg.,http://www.leg.state.nv.us/Session/76th2011/Reports/history.cfm?DocumentType=1&BillNo=311 (last visited July12, 2011).199 Bill Status System: SB 129, N.H. Gen. Court,http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/bill_status/bill_status.aspx?lsr=420&sy=2011&sortoption=&txtsessionyear=2011&txtbillnumber=sb129&q=1 (last visited July 12, 2011).200

Bill Status System: HB 223, N.H. Gen. Court,http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/bill_status/bill_status.aspx?lsr=714&sy=2011&sortoption=&txtsessionyear=2011&txtbillnumber=hb223&q=1 (last visited July 12, 2011).201 Bill Status System: HB 176, N.H. Gen. Court,http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/bill_status/bill_status.aspx?lsr=717&sy=2011&sortoption=&txtsessionyear=2011&q=1 (last visited September 7, 2011).

202 2011 State Legislative Sessions , StateNet (2011),http://www.statenet.com/resources/pdf/2011_Legislative_Session_Chart.pdf.



Prevents students and members of the military who lived elsewhere immediately beforeacquiring student or military status from establishing voting residency in the state.

New MexicoPhoto ID Requested to Vote

Bill: H.B. 577 203


Requires specified forms of photo ID when voting in person and by mail. If the voter presents atribal ID as provided for in the bill, it need not contain a photograph.

Bill: H.B. 308 204


Requires specified forms of photo ID when voting in person. If the voter presents a tribal ID asprovided for in the bill, it need not contain a photograph. If the voter cannot produce the requiredID, the bill allows voters to supply their birthday to verify their identity and cast a regular ballot.In the event that a voter is unable to do so, they must vote by provisional ballot.


Bill: H.B. 352 205


Reduces the period for early voting by one week.

North Carolina


Bill: H.B. 351 (companion to S.B. 352) 206

203 HB 577: Voter Identification, N.M. Leg.,http://www.nmlegis.gov/lcs/_session.aspx?Chamber=H&LegType=B&LegNo=577&year=11 (last visited July 12,2011).204 HB 308: Voter Identification Requirements, N.M. Leg.,http://www.nmlegis.gov/lcs/_session.aspx?Chamber=H&LegType=B&LegNo=308&year=11 (last visited July 12,2011).205 HB 352: Shorten Early Voter Period, N.M. Leg.,http://www.nmlegis.gov/lcs/_session.aspx?Chamber=H&LegType=B&LegNo=352&year=11 (last visited July 12,2011).



Status: Passed by Legislature; vetoed by Governor.


Ohio


Bill: Sub. H.B. 159 207

Status: Passed house of origin; died in opposite chamber.

208

Requests specified forms of photo ID when voting in person and by mail, subject to certainexemptions (permits certain other non-photo documentation to verify one’s identity after castinga provisional ballot as a result of failure to show requested photo ID); eliminates existing duty bypoll workers to inform voters of the correct voting precinct.

Oregon


Bill: H.B. 2804 209



Rhode Island


Bill: H.B. 5525 210

Status: Withdrawn at sponsor’s request.

211

206 House Bill 351, N.C. Gen. Assemb.,http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/gascripts/BillLookUp/BillLookUp.pl?Session=2011&BillID=hb+351 (last visited July12, 2011).207 Sub. H.B. 159, 129th Gen. Assemb., Reg. Sess. (Ohio 2011),http://www.legislature.state.oh.us/BillText129/129_HB_159_RS_Y.pdf.

208 Status Report of Legislation: HB 159, 129th Gen. Assemb. of the State of Ohio,http://lsc.state.oh.us/coderev/hou129.nsf/House+Bill+Number/0159?OpenDocument (last visited July 12, 2011).209 H.B. 2804, 76th Leg. Assemb., Reg. Sess. (Or. 2011),http://www.leg.state.or.us/11reg/measpdf/hb2800.dir/hb2804.intro.pdf.210 H.B. 5525, Gen. Assemb., Jan. Sess. (R.I. 2011), http://www.rilin.state.ri.us/BillText11/HouseText11/H5525.pdf.211 Legislative Status Report: House Bill No. 5525, State of R.I. Gen. Assemb.,http://dirac.rilin.state.ri.us/BillStatus/WebClass1.ASP?WCI=BillStatus&WCE=ifrmBillStatus&WCU (last visitedJuly 12, 2011).



Requests specified forms of photo ID when voting in person, subject to certain exemptions (evenif voter casts provisional ballot for failure to present photo ID, he/ or she need not subsequentlyshow required ID in order for provisional ballot to be counted). 212

TexasPhoto ID Required to Vote

Bill: H.B. 186 213



Bill: H.B. 248 214



Bill: H.B. 250 215



Bill: H.B. 401 216



Bill: H.B. 624 217



212 The language of the bill suggests that until 2012, nonphoto forms of ID may be valid.213 History: HB 186, Tex. Leg. Online,http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=HB186 (last visited July 12, 2011).214

History: HB 248, Tex. Leg. Online,http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=HB248 (last visited July 12, 2011).215 History: HB 250, Tex. Leg. Online,http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=HB250 (last visited July 12, 2011).216 History: HB 401, Tex. Leg. Online,http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=HB401 (last visited July 12, 2011).217 History: HB 624, Tex. Leg. Online,http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=HB624 (last visited July 12, 2011).



Bill: H.B. 1005 218


Adds photographs to voter registration certificates and requires certificates with photos or other

photo ID when voting in person.Bill: H.B. 1412 219



Bill: H.B. 1458 220



Bill: S.B. 178 221




Bill: H.B. 16 222


Requires proof of ID when voting in person (either one specified photo ID or two specifiedforms of non-photo ID).

Bill: H.B. 112 223


218 History: HB 624, Tex. Leg. Online,http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=HB1005 (last visited July 12, 2011).219 History: HB 1412, Tex. Leg. Online,http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=HB1412 (last visited July 12, 2011).220

History: HB 1458, Tex. Leg. Online,http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=HB1458 (last visited July 12, 2011).221 History: SB 178, Tex. Leg. Online,http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=SB178 (last visited July 12, 2011).222 History: HB 16, Tex. Leg. Online,http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=HB16 (last visited July 12, 2011).223 History: HB 112, Tex. Leg. Online,http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=HB112 (last visited July 12, 2011).




Bill: H.B. 539 224



Bill: H.B. 1005 225


Adds photographs to voter registration certificates and requires certificates with photos or otherphoto ID when voting, subject to certain exemptions.

Bill: H.B. 1596 226

Status: Died in committee.Removes selected non-photo documents from the list of documents accepted as proof of identification when voting (permits certain other non-photo documents).


Bill: H.B. 1338 227



Bill: H.B. 3160 228


In order to register to vote an applicant’s citizenship must be verified by the Secretary of State orthe department of public safety. If citizenship cannot be verified documentary proof of citizenship when registering to vote is required.

224 History: HB 539, Tex. Leg. Online,http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=HB539 (last visited July 12, 2011).225

History: HB 1005, Tex. Leg. Online,http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=HB1005 (last visited July 12, 2011).226 History: HB 1596, Tex. Leg. Online,http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=HB1596 (last visited July 12, 2011).227 History: HB 112, Tex. Leg. Online,http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=HB1338 (last visited July 12, 2011).228 History: HB 112, Tex. Leg. Online,http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=HB3160 (last visited July 12, 2011).



Bill: S.B. 384 229


After the Secretary of State receives a list of persons excused or disqualified from jury servicebecause of citizenship status, the Secretary of State shall cancel the voter registration of each

registered voter whose name appears on the list. Requires that a voter’s registration isautomatically cancelled for lack of citizenship. Affected persons would be notified that theirregistration has been canceled; removes the opportunity to prove citizenship upon suchnotification.


Bill: H.B. 2587 230


Requires anyone providing assistance to a voter to show photo ID. Prohibits individuals from

providing assistance at the polls to more than two voters per day; violating this law is a Class Cmisdemeanor.

Bill: H.B. 2391 231


Prohibits volunteer deputy registrars from receiving voter registrations until they have receivedtraining from the state.

Bill: H.B. 2589 232


Requires any deputy to deliver voter registrations by 5 p.m.on the 5 th day after the registration issubmitted. If the registration is submitted less than 5 days before the 29 th day before the electionit must submitted by the 29 th day before the election. Prohibits volunteer deputy registrars fromdistributing voter registration materials to a person the registrar knows is ineligible to register tovote or delivering a voter registration form to the registrar the deputy knows to contain falseinformation. Makes an offense of this provision a class C misdemeanor

Bill: H.B. 3113 233

229 History: SB 384, Tex. Leg. Online,

http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=SB384 (last visited July 12, 2011).230 History: HB 2587, Tex. Leg. Online,http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=HB2587 (last visited July 12, 2011).231 History: HB 2391, Tex. Leg. Online,Online,http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=HB2391 (last visited July 12,2011).232 History: HB 2391, Tex. Leg. Online,http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=HB2589 (last visited July 12, 2011).




Makes it a state jail felony to act as a volunteer deputy registrar without an appointment to suchposition.

Bill: H.B. 3521234


Adds to existing grounds for termination of volunteer deputy registrars the requirement thatregistrars terminate volunteer deputy registrars who turns in one incomplete voter registration.Under existing Texas law, an incomplete voter registration is defined as one missing requiredinformation or signatures.

Bill: H.B. 3594 235


Requires registrars to terminate volunteer deputy registrars who turn in eleven or moreregistrations that are incomplete or delivered after 5pm of the 29 th day before an election.

Virginia


Bill: S.B. 808 236


Eliminates affidavit exception allowing a voter who does not have ID when voting in person orby mail to sign a sworn statement that he is the named registrant he claims to be. Requires voterswithout necessary ID to cast a provisional ballot; provisional ballots will not count unless thevoter provides a form of acceptable ID to the electoral board.

Bill: S.B. 864 237


233 History: HB 3113, Tex. Leg. Online,http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=HB3113 (last visited July 12, 2011).234 History: HB 3521, Tex. Leg. Online,

http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=HB3521(last visited July 12, 2011).235 History: HB 3594, Tex. Leg. Online,http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=HB3594 (last visited July 12, 2011).236 SB 808 Elections; voter identification requirements, absentee voting eligibility and procedures, Va. Gen.Assemb. Leg. Info. Sys., http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi-bin/legp504.exe?ses=111&typ=bil&val=sb808 (last visited July12, 2011).237 SB 864 Elections; voting procedures and voter identification requirements, Va. Gen. Assemb. Leg. Info. Sys., http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi-bin/legp504.exe?ses=111&typ=bil&val=sb864 (last visited July 12, 2011).



Removes a Virginia voter registration card from the acceptable forms of ID that a voter mustpresent when voting in person or by mail. Eliminates affidavit exception allowing a voter whodoes not have ID when voting in person or by mail to sign a sworn statement that he is the namedregistrant he claims to be. Requires voters without necessary ID to cast a provisional ballot;provisional ballots will not count unless the voter provides a form of acceptable ID to the

electoral board. The voter may present ID to the board of elections or submit it via facsimile.

West Virginia


Bill: H.B. 3219 238


239



Bill: H.B. 2089 240


241

Expands definition of crimes for which one may be disenfranchised to include all peopleconvicted for any felony or bribery crime.

voting law changes 2012 : brennan center report

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