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Page 1: Volunteer Engagement Toolkit · This Volunteer Engagement Toolkit was developed to help community health organizations effectively use volunteer skills to facilitate healthier communities

 

 

 

 

 

Mic

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ngagolunteers in 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7215 Westshi

gemea Communi

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Lansing MI 4

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© 2012, Michigan Primary Care Association 

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THE PURPOSE OF THIS TOOLKIT

We make a living by what we do, but we make a life by what we give. ~ Winston Churchill

This  Volunteer  Engagement  Toolkit  was  developed  to  help  community  health  organizations 

effectively use volunteer skills to facilitate healthier communities.  Volunteering is at the heart of 

community action and a necessary component of a healthy community.  “The more connected to a 

community people  feel,  the more  likely  they are  to  take  responsibility  for  the  community … Mobilizing 

community resources and expanding capacity through volunteers also enhance an organization’s general 

profile, which can attract more volunteers, program participants, and funds.”1 

While definitions  vary  slightly,  any definition  of  a  volunteer  needs  to  contain  three  essential 

elements. Volunteering is done by choice, without monetary reward, and for benefit (of the volunteer, 

your organization and the community you both serve). 

It  is particularly  important, when developing  and managing  a volunteer program,  to  retain  a 

broad view of potential volunteer involvement.   Do not assume that the only individuals likely 

to  volunteer  within  your  organization  fit  a  preconceived  stereotype.  The  landscape  of 

volunteerism is a continually changing paradigm, impacted by cultural and community factors, 

as well as personal and organizational preferences. A well  thought out volunteer program can 

increase your organization’s impact, expand focus, and enhance services with a minimal amount 

of well‐developed foresight. 

Most  individuals have  a desire  to  serve  their  community,  and  can be persuaded  to volunteer 

within your community if the right engagement skills are utilized.  By retaining a broad view of 

volunteerism, you will greatly  expand your potential outreach,  see  an  increase  in  community 

health, and limit potential liabilities. 

Approach  volunteer  engagement  just  as  you would  approach  the  development  of  any  other 

organizational  effort.    Involve  executive  leadership,  plan  carefully, work  systematically,  and 

collaborate effectively.  Such efforts will produce success. 

Avoid  viewing  volunteerism  as  the  use  of  free  resources,  which  will  result  in  continuous 

problems, and instead approach this effort as the effective stewardship of the human resources 

available to serve within your community. 

Any volunteer program will  require managerial effort.   Like any organizational  initiative, you 

will  need  to  apply  the  same  basic  steps  in  program  development  and  design,  while  also 

                                                      1 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Successful Strategies 

for Recruiting, Training, and Utilizing Volunteers. Washington, DC: Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 2005. Page 5. 

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providing organizational  staff with  some  additional  education because of  the possible  lack of 

familiarity  and  comfort with  the  concept  of volunteer utilization.   Program development  and 

design  begins  with  an  initial  assessment  of  why  your  organization  would  like  to  utilize 

volunteers,  what  the  benefits  and  challenges  are  likely  to  be,  and  what  systems  can  you 

implement for Engagement and evaluation. 

This Volunteer Engagement Toolkit will help you achieve success by exploring  the Eight Essential 

Keys  to  a  Successful  Volunteer  Program.    Each  section  of  the  Volunteer  Engagement  Toolkit will 

explore current trends in volunteerism while providing singular focus on each Essential Key. 

Eight Essential Keys to a Successful Volunteer Program

Section 1 Requirements

Section 2 Recruitment

Section 3 Responsibilities

Section 4 Recognition

Section 5 Recordkeeping

Section 6 Retention

Section 7 Rewards

Section 8 Resources    

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SECTION ONE: REQUIREMENTS

Life’s most persistent and urgent question is: What are you doing for others? ~ Martin Luther King, Jr.

Effective development and engagement of a volunteer program requires parallel focus on three 

priorities: Executive, Organizational, and Volunteer. Each priority has its own unique requirements 

that will assist in the maintenance of a quality program. Successful implementation of volunteer 

programming, will not only maintain these priorities, but will demonstrate impact that will bring 

a return on social and financial investments.  

Executive Priority The  Executive  Priority  is  an  essential  element  of  any  volunteer  program’s  development  and 

engagement.  It is the executive leader who cast the vision for the organization, and the inclusion 

of integrated volunteers must be a part of the organization’s strategic plan if this effort is going 

to truly succeed. According to Tina McKenzie, “A volunteer program will not make it if the executive 

director and engagement do no walk  the  talk.   Don’t bother with a volunteer program unless you  truly 

believe in the value added to your agency.  It absolutely must come from the top.”2  

Betty Stallings, recognizing the responsibility of overworked, busy executives says:  

“…You may not  have  realized  the  significant  influence  that  your  leadership  can  have  on  your 

organization’s  volunteer  involvement.  Or  perhaps,  you  have  not  personally  experienced  the 

benefits of a strong, active, and skilled corps of volunteers and thus do not give this part of your 

organization high priority.”3 

Betty’s book, Leading the Way to Successful Volunteer Involvement then goes on to provide the tools 

needed by a busy executive to help cast organizational vision for volunteer programming, noting 

that it is the executives who initiate and lead “…a discussion throughout their organizations to create 

a statement of philosophy on volunteer engagement.”4 

If  a  volunteer  program  is  going  to  succeed  in  a  community  health  setting,  then  executive 

leadership must be convinced that the use of volunteers will be an asset to your organization that 

far outweighs any potential risk.  There must be Executive Priority. 

                                                      2 Stallings, Betty and Susan  J. Ellis.   Leading  the Way  to Successful Volunteer  Involvement: Practical Tools  for Busy Executives. Energize, 2010. Page 1. 3 Ibid. 4 Stallings, Betty and Susan J. Ellis.  Leading the Way to Successful Volunteer Involvement: Practical Tools for Busy Executives. Energize, 2010. Page 8. 

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Organizational Priority Once Executive Priority has been established, then there must be an organizational commitment 

grafted into the organization’s strategic planning.   Systems must be developed that will outlive 

any  one  person,  and  set  the  parameters  of  a  culture  committed  to  volunteerism.    Funding 

requirements must  be  analyzed,  risk‐engagement  priorities must  be  considered  and  effective 

tools for monitoring and evaluation must be developed and put into place. 

There must  be  the  creation  of  an  engagement  team,  consideration  of  the  board’s  role  (and 

education)  in  the  overall  strategic  plan  to  implement  volunteers,  staff  roles  and  assignments 

must be  clearly defined,  commitment and  competency  to work with volunteers assessed  (and 

training provided in preparation for volunteer engagement), and a responsible person placed in 

charge  of  the  coordination  of  organizational  effort  if  the plan  is going  to  succeed.   Once  this 

process  is  in  place,  then  a  plan must  be  developed  for  the  integration  of  volunteers  in  the 

community health setting. 

Volunteer Priority Finally,  organization  consideration must  be  given  to  the  Volunteer  Priority.    There must  be  a 

commitment  to honor  a  volunteer’s  rights, while  encouraging  responsibility  in  their work  on 

behalf of your organization.   Volunteers may not be receiving  financial compensation, but  there 

must be reward for their effort.  How can your organization meet the needs of your volunteers?  

Can  you  create  a  pathway  to  further  skill development? Will  you  commit  to maintaining  an 

environment  in which  the volunteer feels safe, appreciated, and finds purpose and meaning  in 

their volunteer activity? 

Volunteers must be given clearly defined roles and responsibilities  if  their effort  to serve your 

organization  is  to  succeed,  and  they must  be  able  to  clearly  communicate  their  needs  to  the 

organization as well.      

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SECTION TWO: RECRUITMENT

Some people give time, some money, some their skills and connections, some literally give their life’s blood … but everyone has something to give. ~ Barbara Bush

Recruitment is the art of encouraging others to share from the resources they have to give.  If you want 

volunteers,  then  you must  have  a  consistent  structure  for  recruitment  that  does more  than 

simply locate volunteers.   Your organization must develop a recruitment message that conveys 

organizational value, demonstrates that your organization cultivates and values volunteers, and 

recognizes that volunteerism is part of a commitment to a healthier community.  

Volunteers want  to know  that  their  investment  in your organization  is worth  their  time,  they 

need to hear a message that directly communicates the needs and priorities of your organization, 

establishes your commitment  to consider  their needs and priorities, and demonstrates a broad 

view that encompasses a holistic view of individual and community health. 

A  good  recruitment message will  identify  organizational  and  community  needs  that  clearly 

identify your potential volunteer as  the missing piece.   Because  this message  is so personal,  it 

also requires personal contact. Everyone in your organization needs to provide individuals with 

opportunity  to volunteer, by extending a personal  invitation which also connects  the potential 

volunteer with a key individual to guide their entry point into the volunteer process. 

Five Characteristics of a Good Recruitment Message

Identified Need There is a problem in YOUR community

Personal Solution YOU can help solve it

Skilled Answer Here is where YOUR skills can help

Volunteer Benefits This is what YOU will receive in return

Individual Contact This is the person YOU will need to contact

Three Recruitment Methods

While all volunteer recruitment is individual and personalized, different methods will be used to 

address  different  organizational  needs  and  appeal  to  the  skills  offered  by  those  seeking  to 

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address the identified needs of your community.   In addition, different volunteer opportunities 

require various levels of pre‐screening, skill assessment, and risk management.   

There are three commonly recognized methods of recruitment, familiar to anyone working in the 

philanthropic, non‐profit, community sectors.   However, it is vitally  important that the method 

fits  the medium. Good organizational management  recognizes  that  a well‐organized plan  can 

prepare in advance for each of the volunteer opportunities available, and the methods to be used. 

Warm-Body Method This method is used when your organization is involved in a project that needs a large number 

of volunteers for a short period of time.   Generally volunteers don’t need well‐developed skills 

or qualifications, and will need  to be adequately supervised.    In addition,  if your organization 

doesn’t  already  have  a  large  pool  of  pre‐screened  volunteers  available  for  such  a  large  scale 

effort,  in order to mitigate risk,  it  is  imperative that there  is more than a simple distribution of 

the request to the general public.   

Such  activities  should  be well  planned  in  advance  and  volunteers  should  be  recruited  from 

participating organizations, staff contacts, contacts provided by other volunteers, area volunteer 

organizations,  local  educational  institutions,  National  Service  programs  and  other  well‐

established  local  organizations.    Each  group  of  organizational  volunteers  should  have  a  key 

contact  person  in  case  there  are  any  issues,  and  they  should  be  paired  with  one  of  your 

organization’s  staff  members  or  pre‐screened  highly‐skilled  volunteers  in  order  to  ensure 

adequate supervision. 

Concentric-Circle Method This method  is used when you want  to recruit  individuals who are already familiar with your 

organization, and  its message, for small to mid‐sized projects.   As an organization, you should 

have a  continuous process  in place  that helps you  identify and attempt  to  recruit populations 

who benefit  from, have consistent contact with, or a personal connection  to your organization.  

These  individuals  are  happy  to  volunteer  for  your  organization  as  long  as  there  is minimal 

responsibility, adequate supervision, and minimal commitment. 

These individuals may be in your neighborhood, may be your clients and/or their families, or the 

families and friends of your organization’s paid staff and regular volunteers.  These individuals 

should be pre‐screened before they engage in any volunteer activities within your organization, 

should have clearly defined roles, and minimal responsibility.  They SHOULD NOT be exposed 

to  any  confidential  information,  and  should  not  as  a  general  rule  be  allowed  to  have  direct 

contact with the clients that your organization serves. 

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Often  this method of  recruitment  is a  fantastic  entry‐point  into  the volunteer activities within 

your organization  that may allow opportunity  for skill‐development, greater understanding of 

your organization’s goals and objectives, and deeper involvement with your organization. 

Targeted Method This  method  seeks  volunteers  to  address  specific  needs  that  require  a  high‐level  of  skill, 

responsibility, and understanding of  the  confidentiality and  risk management  requirements of 

your organization.   These  are volunteers who need  to be well‐prepared,  sincerely  committed, 

and adequately equipped before they begin their service with your organization.   

These  volunteers  have  a  specific  skill‐set  that  addresses  an  organizational  need,  may  be 

integrated closely with your staff, and require extensive pre‐screening, intense interviewing, and 

clearly defined‐roles before  they begin  serving  as  a volunteer.   Often,  targeted volunteers  are 

used to fill roles that may become paid positions when fully developed. 

The Importance of an Effective Volunteer Interview

As a general rule, organizations inadequately address the requirements of an effective volunteer 

interview when using the Concentric‐Circle or Targeted methods.  A volunteer interview seeks to 

evaluate  the  skill‐set,  ability  and  desire  of  the  applicant  to  serve  within  your  organization 

without  financial  compensation.    Unlike  an  employment  interview,  it  doesn’t  evaluate  an 

individual  for  a position, but  instead  seeks  to define  the  applicant’s  areas of possible  service, 

determine their needs, and identify their time and commitment constraints. 

Employment  interviews  generally  focus  on who  can  do  a  specific  job, while  the  focus  of  the 

volunteer  interview should be on: “Who can do these tasks and why would they want to do them on 

behalf of our organization?” Once  these key questions have been answered  internally,  it  is much 

easier to determine the fitness of a potential volunteer for service within your organization.  

The  volunteer  interview  should  be  conducted  with  the  same  sense  of  responsibility  and 

professional  attention  as  an  employment  interview.    Remember,  these  individuals  will  be 

representing your organization.   Be sure  that your  interview process devotes sufficient planning, 

preparation,  and  time with  the  potential  candidate  in  order  to  ensure  that  you  have  a  good 

understanding  of  the  potential  volunteer,  and  that  they  have  had  any  concerns  or  questions 

answered to their satisfaction.  Look for personality indicators, skills, and volunteer preferences 

to help you determine whether the candidate is applying for the right volunteer position within 

your organization.  If you have determined that the candidate doesn’t have the qualifications or 

interests required of a particular volunteer position, don’t rule them out as a potential volunteer 

for  future  endeavors. Make  sure  that you keep a  record of your volunteer  interview, and ask 

permission to contact the potential volunteer when future positions become available. 

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If the candidate seems like a good match for your organization, you will need to ensure that you 

make  them aware of  the next  steps:  this  should  include  reference  checks, background  checks, 

additional requirements that may be required before they can begin serving (a second interview, 

volunteer  orientation,  additional  training,  etc.).    Explain  your  process,  the  timeframe,  the 

requirements for each phase of the process, and the candidate’s responsibilities throughout the 

process. 

Before  a  potential  volunteer  is  offered  a  position  within  your  organization,  ensure  that  all 

required  authorizations  have  been  signed  and  all  required  background  checks  have  been 

completed. The volunteer should have the opportunity to meet with the staff member who will 

be providing  them with direct supervision  (if  this  is not one of  the  individuals conducting  the 

interview).    Finally,  make  sure  that  the  volunteer  and  the  supervisor  understand  that  the 

volunteer relationship can be terminated at will, if the placement is not working. 

Essential Elements of the Skill-Based Volunteer Recruitment Process Elements  Key Tasks/Priorities

Pre‐Screening  Candidate Completes  Volunteer Application 

o Includes Work History 

o Includes Skills/Time Commitment/Volunteer Frequency 

o Includes Small Personality Inventory 

o Includes References 

Pre‐Interview 

Preparation 

Develop Interview Questions 

o Questions Related to Volunteer Tasks/Skills Needed 

o Questions to Determine Candidate Motivation 

Prepare Information for the Candidate 

o Organizational History/Vision/Mission/Values/Priorities 

o General Volunteer Requirements 

o Specific Volunteer Description 

Interviewing  Discover the Candidate’s Interests/Abilities 

Discover the Candidate’s Organizational Fit 

Discover Pending Issues That May Hinder  Candidate’s Effectiveness 

Discover & Answer Questions/Concerns That Candidate May Have 

Verification  Conduct Reference Check 

Conduct Background Check 

Service Commitment 

Selection  Establish Next Steps 

Orientation  Prepare for Service 

 

   

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SECTION 3: RESPONSIBILITIES

In every community, there is work to be done. In every nation, there are wounds to heal. In every heart, there is the power to do it. ~ Marianne Williamson

Especially  in  a  community  health  setting,  it  is  essential  that  the  volunteer,  once  selected,  is 

adequately prepared for service.  Regardless of the skill level of your volunteer, it is essential that 

they receive adequate preparation before starting service, are integrated into your organization’s 

team, and provided a context in which to successfully complete their work.  Your team should be 

committed to three primary responsibilities when working with volunteers. 

Volunteer Orientation Just  like an employee, a  skills‐based volunteer who has been  recruited  to provide  support  for 

ongoing  responsibility  through  either  the Concentric‐Circle  or  Targeted methods,  need  to  be 

provided  with  an  essential  understanding  of  your  organization’s  history,  policies  and 

procedures,  and operations.   Although  some of  this will have been briefly  reviewed with  the 

volunteer during the interview process, it is important that these be revisited in depth to ensure 

that the volunteer is integrated into the overall functioning of your organization. 

A well‐developed Volunteer Orientation  ensures  that  the volunteer  is  adequately prepared  to 

operate effectively and perform appropriately  in your organizational environment.   A  through 

orientation will help your volunteer have a good overview of: 

Organizational Hierarchy 

Key Supervisory Staff 

General Work Environment 

Key Policies & Procedures 

Cultural Expectations 

Facilities, Parking, etc. 

Continuous Skill-Development As an organization, you have identified the skills, knowledge, and behavior which are essential 

for continual employee development and organizational improvement.  This expectation should 

be  a part  of your  volunteer  engagement  as well.   Committed volunteers  should be given  the 

opportunity to grow professionally, and develop new skills, as a reward for their service within 

your organization.   This commitment to the individual will also strengthen the development of 

your volunteer program,  and provide  additional value  to your organization  as well  as  to  the 

volunteer. 

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In  the process of developing volunteers,  freely use  the  skills of existing volunteers  to provide 

coaching and training to newer volunteers.  By giving these volunteers greater responsibility and 

advanced  training  in  recognition  of  their  contributions,  you  are  also  strengthening  their 

commitment to your organization and community. 

Supervision Supervision  of  your  volunteers  should  follow  already  established  organization  guidelines.  

However,  there are  some aspects of volunteer  supervision  that must be considered differently 

from paid employees: 

Flexibility Effective  volunteer  supervision  must  take  into  account  that  the  volunteer  is  offering  their 

services, without  financial  compensation,  to  the  organization. While  reasonable  expectations 

should be maintained for both paid and volunteer staff members, a good volunteer supervisor 

will  recognize  that  there are  times when a volunteer’s  responsibilities will have  lower priority 

than other aspects of  their  life.   Some  flexibility of responsibility must be extended  that would 

not be extended to a paid employee. 

Connectivity The  myth  that  volunteers  are  “free”  is  often  a  detriment  to  good  volunteer  engagement.  

Volunteers,  especially  skills‐based,  committed volunteers, are not  expendable.   Volunteers are 

priceless.   Your  organization must be  committed  to  ensuring  that  those  tasked with volunteer 

supervision work hard  to ensure  that  the volunteer feels  like  they are an  important part of  the 

organizational team. 

In her book, To Lead is to Serve: How to Attract Volunteers and Keep Them, Shar McBee advises: 

“Look for ways to make the volunteers feel connected.  When teamwork is strong, good ideas will 

bubble up to the surface. The leader’s challenge is to link the individuals into a powerful team.  The 

stronger the link, the more the group will be able to accomplish.” 

Accountability Ensure  that  the volunteer has an  individual who  is clearly  identified as  their supervisor.    It  is 

critical that everyone is clear on who is responsible for regular supervision of the volunteer.   In 

addition  to providing  accountability  for  the  volunteer,  it  also  conveys  the message  that  their 

service  is  valuable  enough  to  commit  someone’s  time  to  ensure  that  they  are  adequately 

provided the support they need. 

It helps if the volunteer’s supervisor has some personal experience serving as a volunteer.  They 

should  personally  have  a  strong  positive  commitment  to  volunteering,  and  a  respect  for  the 

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volunteer’s commitment to service.  If the vision has been cast well by the Executive Team, this 

commitment to volunteers will be an essential part of your organizational culture and strategy. 

While a volunteer is priceless, your organization is also offering an incredible opportunity for skill 

development  and  community  participation  that  the  volunteer  should  not  be  allowed  to  take 

lightly.   A  successful volunteer program provides  a  direct benefit  to  the volunteer  in place of 

remuneration  that  requires some  responsibility and  reliability on  their part.   Don’t allow your 

volunteers to view volunteering as a cheap opportunity!   Make sure that volunteers understand 

that  there  are  reasonable  expectations  and  commitments  required  by  the  volunteer  positions 

offered,  and  ensure  that  those  expectations  are met.   Organizational  excellence  in  volunteer 

programming, represents commitment to overall excellence, and ensures that you will develop a 

pool of volunteers committed to personal and professional growth. 

Defining the duties of a volunteer should  include a process of regular evaluation, goals for the 

volunteer  to  work  toward,  and  a  commitment  to  continuous  learning  on  the  part  of  the 

volunteer.  Your organization’s supervision should provide healthy expectations that will ensure 

responsibility, and help your volunteer understand their importance to the organization. 

Absences,  tardiness,  and  regular  attendance  are  often  considered  “gray”  areas when working 

with  volunteers,  but  effective  volunteering  engagement  holds  volunteers  to  a  high  standard.  

Provide your volunteers with feedback, training, and materials that stress the importance of their 

position  and  provide  healthy  expectations  (including  contacting  their  supervisor  if  they  are 

going to be absent). 

While  volunteer  requirements  often  offer more  flexibility,  don’t  allow  the  volunteer  freedom 

from organizational expectation.  Volunteers are priceless, but the opportunity your organization 

provides is a privilege that should not be taken lightly.   Your volunteers need to know that you 

take their commitment and participation seriously.  Consider providing the following to ensure 

mutual accountability for your organization and your volunteer: 

Volunteer Rights and Responsibilities Documentation 

Volunteer Sign‐in/Time Sheets 

A Volunteer Dress Code 

Identification Badges 

   

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SECTION 4: RECOGNITION

There are unrecognized heroes among our ordinary neighbors. ~ Harold Bernard

Volunteers are serving for a reason. They may be serving without remuneration, but they aren’t 

serving without payment.   Volunteers  expect  something  in  return  for  their  volunteer  service.  

Often,  the price  that  is paid by  an  organization  for  the volunteers who  serve  it  is  the  cost of 

recognition.  Take every opportunity to affirm your volunteers, pay them for their successes with 

recognition,  acknowledge  their  sacrifices,  and  celebrate  their  commitment.    Make  your 

volunteers feel valued and appreciated.  Praising your volunteers individually, or in groups, is a 

key volunteer  retention  strategy.   As  a  reward  for  their  service, volunteers  should  experience 

recognition that is frequent and personal.   Volunteers should know that you recognize them as 

one of your most precious resources. 

Be  sensitive  to  the  volunteer’s  personality  and  expectations,  and design  recognition  activities 

appropriate  to  the needs of  the volunteer.   Some volunteers may enjoy  receiving a  thank you 

card from your organization’s Executive Director letting the volunteer know that you value their 

commitment to service.  Others may be motivated by a simple thank you from a paid employee, 

or an invitation to lunch, as a reward for providing support to the employee. 

A party may be  right  for  the volunteer who  loves  to  socialize or  for  all your volunteers after 

they’ve supported your organization in accomplishing an important goal. Ensure that attendance 

at such an event  is a priority for  the staff.   This  lets your volunteers know how much  they are 

appreciated as a part of the team. 

SIX KEY RECOGNITION PRINCIPLES TO FOLLOW 1. Publically recognize your volunteers.  Recognition loses much of its impact and defeats 

your  purpose  if  not made  public.   Volunteers  deserve  public  acknowledgement,  but 

don’t forget to express private acclaim as well. 

2. Timing  is  crucial.  Sometimes  it’s  more  important  to  recognize  contributions 

immediately.    Some  recognition  is weakened  by  the  impact  of  time.   An  immediate 

“Thank you,”  is sometimes much more  important  than an announcement at an awards 

banquet six months later. 

3. Tailor your recognition  to the unique needs of  the  individuals who are serving.   As an 

organization provide supervisors with several recognition and reward options that will 

enable them to acknowledge volunteer accomplishment appropriate to the task. 

4. Deliver your  recognition  in  a personal  and honest manner.    Sometimes  small,  sincere 

statements of appreciation are more appropriate then expansive formal statements. 

5. Strive  for  a  clear,  unambiguous,  and  well‐communicated  connection  between  the 

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volunteer’s accomplishment and their reward.  Be sure that people understand why this 

individual is being honored, and the criteria used.  Rewards must be viewed as fair and 

warranted. 

6. Recognize  recognition.  It  is  just as  important  to  recognize others, paid  staff as well as 

volunteers,  who  recognize  others  for  doing  what  is  best  for  the  agency  and  the 

community it serves.  It creates a healthier team if everyone is committed to recognizing 

and supporting excellence. 

   

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SECTION 5: RECORDKEEPING

Volunteering is an act of heroism on a grand scale. And it matters profoundly. It does more than help people beat the odds; it changes the odds. ~ Bill Clinton

Recordkeeping  is  an  essential  element  of  volunteering  programming.    Good  recordkeeping 

demonstrates  excellence,  commitment  to  cost‐effectiveness,  proof  of  community  involvement 

(which is essential in most community health and nonprofit endeavors), and can be a useful tool 

for leveraging more resources. 

Executive  and managerial  leaders must make  critical  decision  regarding  the  stewardship  of 

available resources.   Good documentation of volunteer engagement resources can enable  these 

leaders  to  see  both  the  Financial  Return  on  Investment  (FROI)  and  Social  Return  on  Investment 

(SROI)  and  effectively  analyze  the  benefits  to  the  organization  and  community  of  volunteer 

programming. 

It is important to understand that effective documentation of volunteer resources can positively 

impact  an  organization’s  operating  budget,  and  create  new  opportunities  for  increased 

employee, volunteer, and community development. 

Six Key Questions Answered by Recordkeeping

Who Is Volunteering What Impact Are Our Volunteers Having (Benefits and Overall Value) 

When Do We Most Need Volunteers 

Where Can We Recruit More Volunteers 

Why Do Volunteers Want to Serve Our Organization 

How Financial, Material, In‐Kind, and Human Resources are Being Effectively Used 

Recordkeeping Priorities It  is not  the  intent of  this  toolkit  to discuss  tools used  for  recordkeeping, although  the data  in 

digital systems are much more easily manipulated than paper‐based systems. Depending on the 

size of an organization’s volunteer program, there may be a need to purchase tools for volunteer 

engagement,  but  for  the  purposes  of most  community  organizations,  the  tools  you  need  are 

already available on your organization’s computers. 

Rather, the focus of this Volunteer Engagement Toolkit are on the priorities and processes that will 

enable  you  to  capture  the  information  you  need  to  help  you more  effectively manage  your 

volunteer program. 

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The  following  priority  items  should  be maintained  by  your  organization  in  order  to  ensure 

effective engagement of your volunteer programming. 

Volunteer Information A simple record would maintain the following information on organizational volunteers for 

general use as a reference by organizational staff: 

Volunteer Information   

Name:  Volunteer Assignment: 

Day/Cell Phone:  Supervisor: 

Evening Phone:  Weekly Schedule: 

Address: 

Email: 

Start Date:  End Date: 

Emergency Contact:   

In addition, confidential records should be maintained within your organization, with a copy of 

the original Volunteer Application, a Volunteer Agreement signed by your volunteer,  results  from 

your  Background  and  Reference  Checks,  a  signed  Publicity  Release  (if  required),  copies  of  any 

Volunteer  Assessments  including  Volunteer  Preferences,  Skill  Assessments,  HIPPA/Confidentiality 

Acknowledgements/Agreements and Evaluations. 

Volunteer Time Reports/Sign-in Sheets

It is essential that volunteer time is recorded on a simple paper or digital form that allows you to 

capture  the  cumulative  volunteer  hours  contributed  during  a  specific  time  period.  Most 

organizations  rely  on  these  individually  submitted  reports  to demonstrate  how  resources  are 

being effectively  leveraged.   Train your  regular volunteers  to complete  their  time report every 

day that they serve at your organization.  

In addition, use volunteer sign‐in/sign‐out sheets to capture temporary or group volunteer hours 

served within your organization.  Use the information provided in the samples below: 

 

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Individual Log

Name:  Assignment:  Date: 

Summary of Activities: 

Time In:  Time Out:    Total Time: 

Comments/Questions: 

Group Log

Organization Name: Date:Group Representative: Project:Volunteer Name: Assignment: Hours Served: Total Number of Volunteers: Total Hours Served:

Evaluation & Assessment Good  recordkeeping  leads  to  effective  evaluation.  Evaluation  should  be  tailored  to  your 

organizationʹs ability to assess. There are two basic types of evaluation.   Formative Evaluation  is 

used  to  monitor  ongoing  effectiveness  and  to  manage  weekly  activity.  It  guides  project 

adjustments and provides data for regular reports. This allows Executive Leadership to regularly 

evaluate the growth and  impact of volunteer programming. Summative Evaluation  is a year‐end 

(or project‐end)  report  that evaluates  the effectiveness of volunteer programming by assessing 

impact, strengths, weaknesses, and providing recommendations useful for strategic planning. 

The questions you can ask to evaluate your volunteer programʹs effectiveness are almost endless. 

Limitations of  time, money, and staff will help you  focus  the evaluation questions  in order  to 

determine  the  most  essential  elements  for  program  improvement.  Some  possible  questions 

include: 

Is our volunteer programming achieving its stated outcomes? 

Are we making adjustments as needed,  to ensure  improvement and growth  in our 

programming? 

Is evaluation data available for use in future planning? 

Is the volunteer program operating in conformity with its original design? 

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Reporting An  effective  recordkeeping  system  provides  your  organization  with  a  continuous  flow  of 

valuable  information, which you can use to determine the  impact of your volunteers, and their 

return on investment (both financial and social).  

 

Responsibly  conveying  the progress and achievements of volunteers  collectively, both  to your 

organization’s  administration  and  to  the  volunteers  themselves,  helps  to maintain  the  energy 

and  growth  of  your  volunteer  programming.    Good  information,  reported  regularly,  has  a 

multiplying effect.  The time that it takes to compose a solid monthly report, will be minimal if 

you  have  a well‐designed  recordkeeping  system  in place. At  a minimum  your  report  should 

include: 

The hours served in each category of volunteer service. 

Every volunteer assignment by department/title. 

The number of active volunteers,  including  the number of volunteers who  recently 

joined your organization’s volunteer program,  those who  left,  those who are  repeat 

volunteers, and those who served for a one‐time event. 

If there are any major changes in statistics, such as a large rise or fall in the number of volunteers 

offer an explanation in your report. When deciding which statistics to include give your program 

credit by  including  things such as  the number of prospective volunteer  interviews, number of 

requests  from  administration  handled  by  volunteers,  number  of  times  someone  from  the 

community was assisted, etc. 

 

   

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SECTION 6: RETENTION

Every day thousands of unsung heroes bring caring and compassion to the lives of millions. Their names are never featured in the headlines, but our world would be a much darker place without them. ~ Charles Devlin

Volunteer Performance An  effective  strategy  for  retaining  volunteers  is  through  the development  of  a  career  path  for 

volunteers  serving  within  your  organization.    Consistently  promote  exceptional  community 

volunteers  to more  responsible  positions within  your  organization, which  provides  increased 

skill development, and may eventually  lead  to a sustained position as a paid employee within 

your organization. 

 

For active professionals serving as volunteers, offer the opportunity to expand their knowledge 

base through training, placement on key committees, or inclusion on your board of directors. 

 

Continuous communication  is another effective strategy  for volunteer engagement and retention.   

Use social media, email, and personal contacts to keep event volunteers informed of additional 

volunteer opportunities within your organization.  

 

Provide your volunteers with clearly defined position descriptions and project goals, which will 

be used to provide fair and equitable performance evaluations, which help the volunteer grow, 

and  reward  exceptional performance. Evaluation  criteria  should  address  the volunteer’s  skills 

and accomplishments. Criteria may include: 

Dependability 

Problem‐solving Skills 

Accomplishments 

Effective Communication with Paid Staff 

Completion of Assigned Tasks 

Meeting the Goals and Objectives of the Volunteer Position 

Support of Organizational Mission and Vision 

Options When Volunteer Performance Is Substandard

When  volunteers  are performing  below  expectations,  or  their  service  is  no  longer  in  the  best 

interest  of  your  organization,  it  may  become  necessary  to  take  corrective  action.  You  may 

consider: 

Retraining 

Transfer to a New (More Appropriate) Volunteer Assignment 

Disciplinary Action 

Termination of the Volunteer Relationship 

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There are circumstances, difficult and often uncomfortable for both parties, when the dismissal 

of a volunteer is necessary to maintain the credibility and integrity of your organization and its 

volunteer program.  

 

Volunteers should understand from  their  initial  induction  into your program  that  they may be 

terminated  at  will.  During  orientation  clearly  convey  that  any  infractions  of  regulations, 

violations of the  law, and other unsafe or  inappropriate conduct are all grounds for  immediate 

dismissal from the program. 

Grievance Procedure 

Conflicts arise when working with  individuals, and  like paid employees, volunteers deserve to 

have their concerns and grievances addressed.  Your organization should have a well‐developed 

procedure  that allows volunteers  to comfortably voice concerns and grievances without fear of 

reprisal. 

Exit Interviews

Exit  interviews  are  an  excellent way  to  gather  information  from  volunteers who depart  from 

your organization.  People will provide you with a lot of information when they know they are 

leaving and this information will be extremely helpful in resolving organizational and personnel 

issues and continuously improving your program. Following are some key questions that will be 

helpful to ask: 

What is your primary reason for leaving? 

Did anything trigger your decision to leave? 

What would you change about your position? 

How do you generally feel about this organization? 

Did you receive adequate support to do your tasks? 

What was the quality of the supervision you received? 

What would you improve to make our workplace better? 

Did your volunteer position turn out to be what you expected? 

Did you receive enough training to do your tasks effectively? 

Underutilization

It is essential that you do everything you can to give volunteers work to do as soon as possible.  

They  are  volunteering  for  your  organization,  because  they  believe  that  they  can  make  a 

difference,  underutilization  of  volunteers  creates  serious  retention  problems  for  motivated 

individuals who feel useless if they are not actively engaged with the organization’s activities. 

 

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Unmet Needs  

Make sure that you give the volunteer what they want.  While the volunteer interview seeks to 

determine the volunteer’s areas of interest, needs, and expectations, it is important to recognize 

that volunteer needs change.  Make the volunteer’s needs a part of every evaluation.  

 

This includes identifying the right position for the volunteer, as well as identifying what it would 

take for the volunteer to feel successful  in their tasks. Always keep exploring this area because 

the motivational needs of volunteers will undoubtedly change over their lifetime and during the 

course of their relationship with your organization. 

   

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SECTION 7: REWARDS

It is one of the most beautiful compensations of this life that no man can sincerely try to help another without helping himself. ~ Ralph Waldo Emerson

Currently,  the  Independent  Sector5  estimates  that  the  national  value  of  volunteer  time  is 

estimated at $21.79 per hour.   This  is  their attempt  to estimate  the Social Return  on  Investment 

(SROI)  that  volunteers  provide.    Collectively,  in  the  United  States  during  2010,  individual 

volunteers donated almost 8.1 billion hour of volunteer service worth approximately $173 billion 

dollars. 6 

Although  volunteer  programming  can  be  cost‐effective,  it  is  not  cost‐free.    It will  require  an 

investment  of  organizational  resources,  which  if  managed  correctly  will  yield  tremendous 

rewards.   However, it is imperative that your organization consider whether they are currently 

positioned to make this investment.   Understanding the costs and benefits will greatly enhance 

the cost effectiveness of a volunteer engagement program. 

 

Organizational Return on Investment Volunteers can improve your organization’s public image; 

Assist in the development of a cohesive, motivated workforce; 

Increase employee performance and productivity; 

Reduce employee isolation from the community they serve; 

Improve organizational relations with the surrounding community; 

Assist in the effectiveness of corporate philanthropy; 

Improve the recruitment and retention of employees;  and 

Improve the understanding of your community and of your client needs. 

Volunteer Return on Investment Volunteering can improve leadership and interpersonal skills; 

Increase self‐worth and personal fulfillment; 

Improve the community services volunteers and their families use; 

Increase interaction with other segments of the community; 

Increase opportunities for volunteers to explore and develop new areas of expertise. 

   

                                                      5 See: http://www.independentsector.org/programs/research/volunteer_time.html. Retrieved August, 2012. 6 See: www.volunteeringinamerica.gov. Retrieved August, 2012. 

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SECTION 8: RESOURCES

Corporation for National and Community Service 

http://www.nationalservice.gov/ 

Michigan Primary Care Association 

http://www.mpca.net

Council for Certification in Volunteer Administration 

http://www.cvacert.org/ 

National Association of Community Health Centers 

http://www.nachc.com/

Energize 

http://www.energizeinc.com/ 

National Council of Nonprofits 

http://www.councilofnonprofits.org/ 

Hands on Network 

http://www.handsonnetwork.org/ 

Points of Light 

http://www.pointsoflight.org/

Independent Sector 

http://www.independentsector.org/ 

Society for Nonprofit Organizations 

http://www.snpo.org/index.php

Michigan Community Service Commission 

http://www.michigan.gov/mcsc/  

Stanford Social Innovation Review 

http://www.ssireview.org/

Michigan Nonprofit Association 

http://www.mnaonline.org/ 

Volunteer Centers of Michigan 

http://www.mivolunteers.org/

 

For Further Reading How to Identify Great Volunteers by Ann Fawcett 

Volunteer Management Mistakes to Avoid by Joan Heberger and Karen Thomas 

Protecting Health Center Volunteers from Personal Liability (NACHC) 

Successful Strategies for Recruiting, Training, and Utilizing Volunteers (SAMHSA) 

A Volunteer’s Bill of Rights and Responsibilities (Idealist)  

Helpful Links

Volunteer Center of Michigan Learning Center 

http://www.mivolunteers.org/learningcenter.aspx  

Rewarding Volunteers 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sC1H3UxrYtY&feature=player_embedded  

http://www.rewardvolunteers.coop/individuals/watch‐and‐learn.php 

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Volunteer Program Assessment Rating Scale

1 2 3 4 N/A Action Plan for Improvement

Organization has a good understanding of volunteering and related principles.

Executive team and paid staff support volunteer involvement.

The volunteer selection process is in place and being implemented.

Planning and review of progress is a joint effort between paid and volunteer staff.

All parties are clear about why volunteers are involved, and their respective roles.

Both volunteers and paid staff see themselves working toward common goals.

There is an overall acceptable turnover of volunteers, with a stable core group.

Channels of communication are clear and open to both paid and volunteer staff.

Volunteers are receiving adequate training and supervision.

Volunteer staff members feel valued by paid staff members.

Paid staff members feel valued by volunteer staff.

Collectively, our paid and volunteer staff are enthusiastic and creative.

Other points relative to our volunteer programming.

 

   

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COMMUNITY VOLUNTEER ASSET SURVEY Our volunteer program is committed to offering community members the opportunity to serve their local community. In an effort to make your volunteer experience as beneficial as possible to you, as well as the organization, we are asking you to complete this brief survey. Please take the opportunity to fill out this form so that we may better serve you.

Volunteer Information Name: Age:

Last First Middle Initial Contact Address:

Is this address: Home? Business? Temporary? (If your permanent address is different from above, please write it on the back of this form)

Day Phone: Evening Phone: Cell Phone:

Email Address: Home? Work?

How would you prefer to be contacted: Phone? Email? Day? Evening?

Current Occupation:

Current Employer/School:

Volunteer Skills Please describe any paid or volunteer experience you have had that might relate to your interest in volunteering here:

Please describe any training or formal education that might be helpful for us to know:

How long have you lived in this community? Please use to chart below to identify any areas of interest/experience you might enjoy using in your volunteer assignment. Write other areas in the blank spaces if needed:

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Creative Organizational Physically-Active Community-Oriented Supportive Drawing Computers Sports Public Speaking Phone Calling Reading Marketing Heavy Lifting Leading Discussion Groups Mass Mailing Painting Management Carpentry Party Planning Distribute FlyersDecorating Organizing Plumbing Focus Groups Pick-up & DeliveryWriting Fund-raising Maintenance/Repair Community Issues Cleaning

Please use the chart below to show your current availability to volunteer. Mark only those times that you most prefer:

Monday Tuesda Wednesd Thursda Friday Saturda SundayMorning Afternoon Evening Weekly Monthly Periodical Today

EMERGENCY INFORMATION

Emergency Contact:

Name Relationship Phone

Allergies/Medical Conditions: (Providing this information is voluntary)

Your volunteer information will be placed in our database in order to measure the number of volunteer hours served by volunteers within our organization. Any use of these statistics will maintain your anonymity. Your information will never be provided to anyone outside our organization without your written consent.

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R E F E R E N C E S Ellis, Susan and Katherine Noyes Campbell. Proof Positive, Developing Significant Volunteer 

   Recordkeeping Systems. Philadelphia: Energize, 2003.  Graff, Linda. Better Safe…Risk Management In Volunteer Programs & Community Service. 

Ontario, Linda Graff & Associates, 2003.  Herman, Melanie and Peggy Jackson. No Surprises, Harmonizing Risk and Reward in Volunteer  

Management. Washington: Nonprofit Risk Management Center, 2004.  Kentner, Neil. The Cost and Benefits of Volunteers. Michigan State University Extension. 2003.  Lynch, Rick and Steve McCurley. Essential Volunteer Management. Online article. April 

1999. CASAnet Resources. http://www.casanet.org/program‐

management/volunteer‐manage/essenvol.htm   

Macduff, Nancy. Management and Supervision: Keeping Your Records Safe and Sound.  

http://www.VolunteerToday.com:  Online, 2002.  Maryland Advisory Committee on Volunteerism. Best Practices for Developing a 

Volunteer Program. Maryland: Online, 2004. 

Rusin, Jo. Volunteers Wanted: A Practical Guide to Finding and Keeping Good Volunteers. Mobile:  

Magnolia Mansions Press, 1999.  Stallings, Betty. 12 Key Actions of Volunteer Program Champions: CEOS Who Lead the 

Way. Philadelphia: Energize, 2005.  Stallings, Betty and Susan J. Ellis.  Leading the Way to Successful Volunteer 

Involvement: Practical Tools for Busy Executives. Energize, 2010.   Stallings, Betty. Training Busy Staff to Succeed with Volunteers. Pleasanton: Energize, 1998.  

Wittich, Bill. Model Volunteer Handbook. Fullerton: Knowledge Transfer Publishing, 2003.