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POSTMASTI!R: U undeliverable For Any lteaaon,

nouty acnder, stattn& rea.aon, on Form 3~47, postat;:e for wblcb 11 t;:UaTaO~d.

s t .. te Conaerv~t•on Commlasion 10t h and Mulberry Sh.

Des Moines a . Iowa

VOLUME 4 JUNE 15, 1945 NUMBER 6

STATE FORESTRY G'ROWS IN IOWA RESUME OF NEW

LAWS RELATIVE TO CONSERVATION MOST BECOME EFFECT IVE

JULY 4

B y K. M. Krezek ( hie- f . 1)1\ ; ._ io n of \.tbuini ,t rn tlo n

ALTHOUGH there we r e few changes in the statutes affect­

ng conservation passed by the last egislature, there were some laws ~nacted that are of interest and im portance to the general public Some of these laws became effec­tive upon publication a nd are now an force. The majority, however. Jo not become law until July 4. Th"' following is a brief explanation of new laws passed and changes made m existing laws, together w1th the jate each goes into effect:

House F ile 62 amends Section 5413, Code 1939. A bill to increase bounty on adult wolf from five to ten dollars and on cub wolf f rom two to four dollars, to be paid by counties. Effective on publication, March 23, 1945.

House File 18 7 amends Section l794.082, Code 1939, r elating to 1on-resident fish and game licenses. This act provides for reciprocity in the issuance of non-resident fish and game licenses.

1. Non-resident hunting and non­resident fishing licenses. Any non­resident shall be charged for such license the same fee that the state '>f the applicant's residence charges 1. resident of Iowa for a non-resi­dent license, providing that such fee shall not be less than $5 00 for a hunting license and $3.00 for a fishing license. If the state of the applicant's residence does not pro­vide for non-resident licenses the fee shall be sa1d minimum of $5.00 and $3.00 respectively.

2. Non-resident trapping licenses. (Continued on page 138)

The scenic bluff lcmds along the Mississippi River in Allamakee County are ideal for pub!Jc forests. Some of the areas have already been purchased. cmd while p roducing usable crops of timber, they are keeping valuable soil anchored cmd are ideal for wild· life and recreational purposes.

Some Common Iowa Butterflies By Harry H. !{night

~(tO l o g ) ll t- )ln rtme n I , l o·wa Stn t e College

A MONG the animals known as insects perhaps none attracts

more attention than the airy fair­ies we call butterflies. These in­sects appear large with their wide­ly expanded wings and display beautiful and distinctive colors; they float about gracefully and eas­ily with little effort, frequently vis­iting flowers from which they sip nectar to supply their food require­ments. P erhaps some 50 odd kinds of butterflies occur in Iowa, but only a few are sufficiently abun­dant to be noticed by the average person. Since space is limited we

will be able to consider only a few of these.

Mourning Cloak (~ natural size)

Probably the first butterfly we observe on the wing in early spring is the Mourning Cloak; il may be

(Continued on page 139)

ACQUIRING STATE FORESTS

B y G. B . MacDona ld S tate Forester

(E ditor•.-. ~ote: This is the second of fiye articles on state forestry In Iowa. The first, in the April 15 "Iowa Conservn.tlonist," was titled "The li:n.rly Period." Subsequent ti­tles will be: "Pre!<ent State For­ests", "~lultiple U!'le of State For­ests", and "Administration and Man­agement")

I N THE dawn of the conservation movement, individual own e r s

were allowed to "sink or swim" in handling natural resources. True, plenty of advice was available con­cerning the dire results which would follow destructive policies­timber shortage, gullied farms, abandoned lands, Gobi deserts, waning civilizations, etc.-but co­operative governmental programs were lackmg. The pioneers in lum­bering, as well as in agriculture, were individualists and were in­clined to do as they ' 'darned pleased" with their own lands.

Notwithstanding the rugged in­dividualists to whom we owe so much, a sentiment was growing . Perhaps we all had a stake in our natural resources. Was it possible that where individual means were not at hand for the best protection and management of private lands that the community as a whole might assist? That it could and should assist was particularly evi­dent in connection with forest fires, which appeared to have little re­gard for property boundaries.

Cla r ke-McNary Act An Act of Congress in 1924, the

Clarke-McNary Act, is a good ex­ample of a cooperative effort be­tween the federal government, the states, and private individuals in one of the difficult conservation problems, forest fire control. This act recognized the fact that the

(Continued on page 142)

'

Page One Hundred Thirty-eight

Iowa Conservationist Published Monthly by

THE lOW A STATE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

I Oth and Mulbcrry- De>s Moines, Iowa

JAMES R. HARLAN, Editor

LOIS AMF"S Associate Editor

F. T SCHWOB, Director (No R1ghts Reserved)

MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION

F. J. POYNEER ( l dar Rap1d Chairman F. W. MA TIES. ... .. .. .. . .. ........ Odebolt MRS. ADDISON PARKER. .... ..... Des Moines E. B. GAUNITZ ..................................... Lansing R E STEW ART. .. .. .. ... ... .. . .. Ottumwa E. G . TROST..... ... ... ... .. . .... Fort Dodge J. C. JENSON ...................... CounCil Bluffs

CIRCULATIO N THIS ISSUE. . .......... 2Z,75 Subscnpllon Rate..... •... .. . ...• .40c per year

3 years for Sl.OO

Subscript.ons received a1 Conservation Commiss1on , lOth and Mulberry, Des Moines, Iowa. Send coin, check or money order.

I - HONOR ROLL * ALEXA ND ER E D W

* AL EXA NDER C R

* BA KER MILFORD

*BER RY REE M

*BAE R. K E NARD

* BJO RN SO N, H

* BOGGESS. N R

* B RILL, JOS W

*B UTLE R VA N

* C H RISTE NSEN . C.

* COL BY, H UB ERT

* COOPER, ROB'T

* COOPER, WILSON

*FABER , LEST E R

* FARIS LY N DEN

* F I NK LAVERNE

* F LICKI NGE R V W

* G E E, RICHARD

* GRAVES LEROY

*GRAESING H.

*HARVEY W ALT

*HAUGS E , JOH N

* HEFTY ALBERT

*HO F FMAN G

*HO FF MA N M

*H UG H ES DAV ID

*HUGHES DON

*H USTO N, TAYLOR

~AGO EARL

* JO HN SON W . A

* JO HN SON , H C.

K lll~tl In notion

* KENNE DY WAYN E

* KESTER GEO

* LE P LEY CHAS

* MADDEN K. M

*MAG NUSSO N, H K

* McM AHO N A E

*MOEN THOS

*MORF, W J

* OLSON , HERMA N

* PARTRIDGE, W F

* PULVER. ROB"T

* RECTOR, HARRY

* RECTOR JAS

* RIPPERGER H

*ROKE NBRODT F .

*RUSH W A

>'fSEVERSON B

* SIME NSO N. H

* SJOST ROM R

* SLYE, EDW

* STARR FRANK

* STE M PLE. E.

* STUFFL E BE AM D

.-swEEN EY ROB'T

* UNTERBERGER RITA

* W HAL E N, JO HN

* WIL D E M ILTO N

* W I LSO N DON

* YOU NGBLOOD M

* YOUNGER MA N W

-·

OHIO HAS $12,000,000 FOR I~OSTW A R WJLDLU""E

PRO,JEC'T S

I

Ohio has blueprinted her postwar w1ldhfe projects and has $12,000,-000 ''it h " hi<'h to d o the w ork. H eadwater and recreation lakes and watershed improvements and control come m for the maJor share of the money Not every state will be able to allocate this amount of money, but every project, no mat­ter ho\\" low m cost, if wisely planned, will benefit wildlife.

Nat i"nltl \\' I Jill if(• FecleJ',Ition.

'J ' Jil '<." 'o t ·u \ \ ' O 'l' H.' o" .\ 11111 •t (nil ql,!<h) l,tl\ ra\el

ns I at· .t s ., () \ arlls ut.dt·l' tlH· W<,ter \\ ithout t•omiiiJ.!; up tor air. His fur Is IIP.tl'l~ a s lltll' and rh•nsp as that of a hen\,. ,.. \\' hPn tt"PU INI anrl dYl·d it ma~· ltn ),no\\ 11 as Jiurls on ·Seal, \\"alinity, \ . ,,1\ Pt <'onl'y, HIYer :\link , :-;<>als l<in and a number of other trndc names.

IOWA CONSERVA T IONIST

New Laws .. Hou '>e File 193 amends Section 1421 and Section 1422, Code 1939 An act to provide for compensallon to be paid conservation officers and peace officers disabled or killed while performing official duties.

Robin Family Provides an Unusual Story

for Ripley

l(ontu l'<l rom )Hl 'l' 137)

Non-resident trappmg hccn~e fee~ shall be determined in a like man­ner: pt O\'ldmg such fee shall not be less than ~ 10.00: providing further no such license shall be issued to a resident of any slate which does not grant non-res1dent trapping li­censes.

Effective July 4, 1945. W E DON'T expect our readers Hou'>e File 392 amends Section to believe this yarn. We were

3 Non-res1dent fur dealers li­censes Non-resident fur dealers license fees shall be determined in a like mannet providing such shall not be less than $50 00, providing further no such license shall be IS­

sued to a restdenl of any state which does not grant non-1es1dent fur dealers' licenses.

1703 32, 1703.39 and 1703.·10, Code slow to accept it, too, when we 1939, an act to prov1de for increase first heard it But skephctsm dis­Ill compensation for conservation appeared when we went to investi· officers from $1.500 to $1.800 ner gate and found tangible evidence year: for each member of the Con- that every word IS the truth ·so servation Commission from $7 50 to help us $10 00 ocr dav actu<tlly employed Naturalists tell us that wild ani· in official duties, and further p ro- mals, includmg birds, have a sort vides the maximum compensation of sixth sense that tells them when received each fiscal year increased they are in danger. This same tal­from $500 to $600 per year. for the enl enables them to know who increase of s1.lary of the Dn ector I then· fnends are That basic fact from $4,000 to $4,800 per year must be understood in order to be-4 Non-resident net and seine li­

censes. Non-resident net and seine license fees shall be determined in the hke manner providing that the minimum fee shall not he less than the regular Iowa resident net and seine license fee, and providing fur­ther no such hcense shall be granted to a resident of any state which does not grant non-resident net and seine licenses.

This act shall be in force from lieve this story. July 1. 1945, to June 30, 194 7 A family of robins in the south·

west part of town decided that Oscar H Olson, Osage garbage hauler, was a friendly soul who loved birds. HaVIng decided that Oscar was their friend, l\I r and Mrs. Robin picked out the garbagt' ""'agon as a safe place to build a ne.st. The birds decided to build the new family home on the fore· hound of the wagon, and construe· tton immediately got under way.

5 Non-resident mussel licenses Non-resident mussel hcense fees shall be determined in a like man­ner providmg that such shall not be less than $25 00, providing further no such hcense shall be granted a resident of any stale which does not grant non-resident mussel li­censes. Effective July 4, 1945

H ou..,e F ile 2.50 amends Section 308 5, Code 1939 An act to provide for five ( 5 l cents per mile compen­sation to state officials and em­ployees for use of an automobile on official business Effective on pub­lication Apnl 13, 1945

cna te File 405, a b1ll appropriat­ing to the State Conservation Com­miSSIOn for maintenance and up­keep of state parks and preserves amounting to $290,000 per year, of which $40,000 of this is earmarked for lake and stream improvement This bill is effective for the two years of the biennium commencing July 1, 1945, and ending June 30, 1947

1 en ate Fil<' 12!) amends Section 1794 098, 1794 044 and 1794 040 re- Sena t e File 289, an act authoriz­lating to fish and game. The act ing conveyance of the state t1 tie provides that no hunting, fishmg and mterest in the I owa Great and trapping license shall be re- Lakes Sewage Disposal System in quired of any person receiving old Dtckinson County, I owa Effective age assistance under chapter 189.1 1 on pubhcatlon April 19, 1945 as amended, Code 1939 and strikes S enate File 290, an act relating the word "young" 1 carp, quill back, to the Iowa Great L akes Sewage gar, dogfish 1 from Sect JOn 1794 044 Disposal System in Dickinson Coun­regardmg prohtbiled bail, and also ty, Iowa; defining the Stale's title permits the Slate Conservation and jurisdiction in respect thereto; Commtsston to provide breedmg providing for the operatiOn and stock of fish for pnvately owned maintenance thereof, and prescrib­farm ponds. Effective July 4, 1915 ing the powers and duties of the

1 State Conservation Commtsston in enatt- File 82 amends chapter relation thereto. Effective on pub-

94, Acts of the 50th General As- lication April 19, 1945. sembly and Seclton 1794 036, Code 1939, relating to the laking of fish with seines, trot lines, and throw lines. The act provtdcs that it will be unlawful to usc trot Jines and throw lines in the Skunk R1ver north of Highway 30; and corrects the former erroneous description of the locatwn of the LeClan Canal, Scott County, Iowa, m chapter 94,

Sena te File 427, an act appropri­ating out of the General Fund of the State of I owa to Tecla Hutton, Ames, I owa, a sum of $4.,500 in full settlemen t of her claim on account of the death of her husband, M. L Hutton, former Director of the State Conservation Commission Effective July 4, 1945

50th General Assembly Effecltve House File 178, an act appropn-J uly 4, 19-15 atmg $6,038.62 in payment of spe-

F . , 1

, . . I cia! assessment for drainage pur-H ouse Jl<' 8H amends SectiOn poses imposed upon stale-ov.'lletl

1703 50, Code 1939 This act au- lands in Drainage District No 13 of thonz~s . the State ConservatiOn Muscatine County, I owa Effective Comm1ss1on to prov1de for the pro- July 4 l94-tection against fire or othei de- '

0

structive agencies on state and PI I- H ou!oe File 416, a bill authorizing vately owned forest and wildlife the State Conservation Commission areas, and to cooperate with the to puichase and pay for certain federal and other slate agencies in real estate (Allerton Reservoir) in protection programs approved by Wayne County, Iowa, and provides the Conservation Commission and the supervision thereof Effective with the consent of lhe owner on on publication April 27, 1945 privately owned areas Effective July 4, 1945.

The beaver is the !at·ge:sl member of the rodent family.

Mr Olson first discovered the nest when he measured the wagon for a new tongue after an accident two weeks ago. There, firmly plan ted on the hound, was a b rand new nest and three little blue eggs

Now Mr Olson has to collect garbage three limes a week, and he wondered If Pa and Ma Robin would obJect to h1s borrowing t he wagon for his work, but he decided to go nght ahead without disturb­mg the bi rds Mother R obm would fly from the nest when Oscar bitched up the team and the eggs would make the garbage route The mother would be \Va1t1ng when the wagon returned and she would again take up her vigil on the eggs

Sunday morning, April 29, the eggs were gone In their place were three baby robins, crying fo r food The fledglings rode the "gar­bage run" three times last week w ith Mr. Olson, but last Friday mornin g two of t hem were gone. Perhaps they decided th ey wer e old enough to run away from home

Pop knew that his offspring would be hungry from the ride a nd was always waiting to feed the htllc fellows as soon as the team was unhitched after the trip The old lady wasn't fat away to see that they all were pt·operly taken care of and ate v.ith proper man-ners

Well, that's the R 1pl<'Y would say, not"

story and, as "Believe 1t OI

-Osa 1.!: c Pre:;~.

".:-;o man is r<':tll)· happy or saf• without a ltuhby, and it makes pre· <'iou:< littln rlitll'rence what the out­l:dcl•• llllt•rt•!<t may he~ botany, beetle" oJ' buttf·rtliPs. •·oses, tulips or it•ises; tls.tlng, mountaineering or antiqui· ti<•s-nnythingo will do so long as he str:uldlL•s a hobby and rides it hard."

Sir V..'illiam Osler.

-eco~l lackis

the tnbt

ern her Icle ost I

•,hroug ... !low

llt!S

~eaves

gmt ~Y lay ggs or

'wo w nto tt

These 1hey £ their s gammg pillars from trip tl

tour or J>illar

' .. rgeiJ f 'Pl!J orm u

i;rown p!ace hark,' 1!1s.

s out hysio

''ithm ~ues q \\'tth1n ruptur Wluch pende the\\ velop~ ight ~· ::te~ ~

Eratio~ form ~

Conunl fiies s~ Jlass tJ

-es

01:' tJr.

:ba: 'oil tilt ar

·ba.: lild b~i:. fo ,tn;.

n

olled !an: ~ob'.:

rril ~

cidel turt \"Oul )sea. egg:

·oute lit in~ ash! ill c.

th plact ..-c-o t•gar weel 'dSI n.

gone we~

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0 5~ kell

JJ18ll'

d.~ it rJ.

--··-

Butterflies ... (Continued from page 1371

ecognized by the dark maroon to tlackish color with yellow border o the wings. This species is well istributed over the whole norlb­rn hemisphere between the Arctic ~ircle and 30th parallel. Unlike nost butterflies, the adults live b rough the winter by biding 1D

wllow trees, piles of logs, or even >arns and culverts. When the eaves of willow, poplar and elm >egin to unfold, the female butter­ly lays groups of 10 or a dozen ·ggs on the twigs or leaves. About wo weeks later the eggs balch nto tiny, black spiny caterpillars. rhese eat the tender leaves and, as hey grow larger, molt or shed heir skin from time to time, thus aiDing increase of size. The cater­>illars are gregarious and move rom branch to branch as they ;trip the leaves in feeding. Within our or five weeks the grown cater­>illar is about 1% inches long, a rgely black and covered with rows >f spines. It is now ready to trans­orm into the next stage. The full­rrown caterpillar seeks a protected >lace, often behind loose or rough >ark, and transforms to the chrys­tlis. The chrysalis of butterflies ·orresponds to the pupa of moths, lees and flies. While the chrysalis s outwardly inactive, wonderful )bysiological changes take place ;vithin wh ile building up body tis­;ues of the forthcoming butterfly. Nithin two weeks the chrysalis is ·uptured by the emerging adult, Nhich crawls out and hangs sus­)ended for several minutes while .he wings expand and the fully de­/eloped butterfly prepares for ligh t. The J uly brood of butter­'lies soon lay eggs for a second gen­·ration of caterpillars. These trans­form to adults by fall, and with the ::oming of cold weather the butter­flies seek biding places in which lo oass the winter.

I

•

,

The Cabbage Butterfly (natural size)

The cabbage butterfly was origi­nally a European species which made its first appearance in North Am er ica at Quebec about 1860. In just a few years it had spread throughout the eastern states and now may be expected everywhere cruciferous crops are grown. This is a medlUm-sized butterfly, white in color, with one or two spots and dark tips to each front wing ViC­tory gardeners and others who g row cabbage a r e sure to see these white butterflies hovering about the cabbage plants, and if one will watch, the act of laying eggs may

-

IO WA CONSERVATIONIST

be observed. T he egg is lemon yel­low in color, nearly 1 25 inch in length and attached to the leaf by one end; there are vertical ridges and transverse reticulations which make it a beautiful object to ob­serve under a lens. The egg hatch­es in about a week and the pale greenish yellow caterpillar begins feeding on the under side of the leaf. When the plants are heading, the caterpillars often burrow rath­er deeply into the tenderest young leaves. After 10 to 14 days of feed­ing, the mature caterpillar is about an inch in length, velvety green in color, and marked with a greenish yellow stripe down the back. It is now ready to pupate and seeks a sheltered place, under a cabbage leaf or other objects such as fence posts and outside walls of build­ings. When ready to transform, the caterpillar first spins a carpet of silk over the surface chosen, then spins a delicate silk en girdle around its body at the middle, thus holding itself firmly in position. When the transformation is com­plete, the cbrysal_is is held in place by this girdle and the spines at the tip of the abdomen which engage the silk carpet, all very suggestive of the lineman who climbs tele­phone poles with metal spurs. The pupa is about four-fifths of an inch in length, pale green to yellowish brown in color. The new butterfly may come forth i.n a matter of 10 days, except in case of those chrys­alides which are formed in late fall for passing the winter. Cabbage worms are best controlled in the garden by dusting With one of the rotenone insect powders.

-

Roads ide Butte rfly or Clouded ulphur

(!ti natural size) This medium-sized butterfly is

pale greenish-yellow above, with the outer borders blackish-brown; the border is broader on the front wings of the female and contains a row of yellow spots. From mid­summer on, one may see this yel­low butterfly swarming over clover fields where eggs are laid and the caterpillar develops. It is perhaps our most abundant butterfly, and may be seen everywhere and in countless numbers. For those who travel country roads one may often see large yellow blotches about puddles or damp spots which, upon close approach, scatter and fill the air with hundreds of pale yellow butterflies. This roadside butterfly generally outnumbers all others in such gatherings of thirsty insects. These fluttering creatures love the brigh t sunshine, for it takes but a few dark clouds to send them scur-

rying to the underside of a leaf, where they find protection from the weather or darkness of night.

The Dog's-h ead (% natural size)

This is a golden yellow butterfly with distinctive figures on the front wings; some say the pattern re­sembles a dog's bead and others say the figure is more like a duck in the act of quacking. The species is more abundant in the southern states, but is often seen in Iowa. The leaves of lead-plant serve as food for the caterpillars, and a su­persti lion has been handed down that wherever this plant grows lead is to be found; whereas the truth iS, wherever it is found, there also are golden butterflies.

The l\lona rch ( 1 _ natural size)

The color of this common large butterfly is a red brown, with bor­ders and veins black, and two rows of white spots around the margins. It is a widely distributed butterfly, for it covers America from the Arc­tic southward and has pushed out to islands of the Pacific and to Europe It is the strongest flyer among butterflies, for it explores over land and ocean, having been seen flying serenely along some 500 miles from land. In North Amer­ica, when cool weather of fall ap­proaches, these emigrant butter­flies gather in great flocks and move southward in great migra­tions hke the waterfowl. At night the flight is interrupted and thou­sands of these butterflies may gath­er on trees literally covering the branches with living red brown leaves. When the sun comes out warm, they resume their easy flight southward. The winter is spent in the far south, but in spring when milkweed plants grow green again, the Monarch may be seen hovering around the plants and laying eggs The caterpillars are white and have narrow black and yellow cross stl'lpes, and when full gro\'Vll are nearly two mcbes in length. The chrysalis is generally attached to the underside of a leaf, emerald green in color and decorated with

Page One Hundred Thirty-nine

gold trimmings. Examine the milk­weed plants and you are sure to find them.

The Vicer oy (lh natural size)

The wings of this butterfly are yellow orange to red brown, having veins and borders black. There is a remarkable resemblance to the Monarch, but the hind \vrng is dis­tinctive in having a transverse black band across the middle. It is believed that the resemblance of these two species is not entirely accidental, but a matter of natural selection in nature. The Monarch butterfly is distasteful lo birds and is usually left severely alone. The Viceroy belongs to a family which is readily taken by birds, but in the case of this species the resemblance to the Monarch gives it immunity from feeding birds. Several in­stances of this type of unconscious mimicry are known among butter­flies of the tropics.

Th e R ed Admiral (7>, natural size)

The wings are purplish black above; on the fore wing there is a bright orange colored band across the middle and several white spots on the black wing Ups. The cater­plllars of this species feed on net­tles, sometimes stripping the plant of leaves. There are two broods in a year, and both butterflies and chrysalides may hibernate.

The R ega l Fritilla r y (a~ natural u:u)

This is a beautiful but rather scarce butterfly in Iowa: it may be distinguished from nearest allies by the frilled front wings, while the bind wings are chiefly black. This is truly a regal creature in

(Continued on pnge 113)

Paye One Hundred Forty

FamfJus lfJwa Trees From Local l,egend aml

Historical Fact

THE BIG l'CAMORE The "big sycamore" is I owa's

outstanding representative of the spectes of tree that "grows lo the largest size of any deciduous tree on lhe North American conlwent." This gian t, 22' 11" in diameter at shoulder height, bas lived for hun­dreds of years on the Des Moines Rtver bottoms m Marion County near the town of Red Rock Grow­ing only a few fee l from the road, il may be seen from an automobile by dtiving three-quarters of a mile upstream on the river road al the south end of lhe Red Rock bridge. The big sycamore's health is good, although it was almost scared to death by a road improvement a few yeat·s ago, which threatened its ex­IStence until local citizens' commit­tees prevented its destruction.

The age of this giant is unknown, as IS the date of the mound build­ers whtch left many traces of their culture in the vtcwtty Mounds, pottery fragments, arrowheads, axes and spears have been fotwd in the immediate neighborhood. It is doubtful if the tree dates back to the mound builders, but it is cer­tam, however, that it watched the parade of histone I ndians, the Sioux, I owas, Pottawattamies, Win­nebagoes, and Sac and Foxes, as they passed m war and peace, for the red rocks of the Des Moines River from which the old tree sprmgs are well known in the tales and legends of these people.

The vicinity is also rich with re­corded history of both lbe white and red races. Pnor to 1842 John Jordan's trading post, almost in the big tree's shade, exchanged gun­powder, trinkets, and booze for the Indians' fur catch The old tree for the first time in 1837 beard the whistle of a steamboat, as Captain William Phelps' steamer Pavilion groaned up the river to l''orl Des Moines. It watched the l:lettlers

I OWA CONSE R VATIONIST - -Where To Go, What To D~ Iowa

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cross the Red Rock line midmgbt, October 11 and 12, 1845, as the ter­ritory was opened to whtte settlers. It heard the guns sound on that occ.asion, the "land opening," which ended forever the empire of the red man It watched the settlement of Red Rock become a bustling river town where saloons, murder and robbery were commonplace. It saw

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the white man occupy the land and in a short century destroy much of the SOil.

And now from where it towers in the t·iver bottom, it is watching the same white man begin to pul inlo effect on the smrounding hills soil conservation practices which will again build the region back to its original productive state

IT 1\."EVER FAlL You can always spot the artistic

fisherman-he uses a fly. And, brother, fl1es produce meat . A man and his wife had 11 nice trout and a lone fisherman had four. All of them were caught on flies and on a contrary day when the worrn fishermen were skunked.

F or my part as an unprelen·

IOWA CONSE RVATIONI ST Page One Hundred Forty-one -o t1 Iowa's Recreation Areas :."1"'-

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tious fisherman-I'll stick by the garden hackle. The feel of a cool, wiggly worm in my fingers is next to the sensation of a slippery fish, a nd do I like to ha ndle fish!

There seems to be a scorn for the worm fans, but I'll take the

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beginning. You have to know how upon the size of the hook. F1sh are m s, and where to put them if they are

to produce. Frisky worms attached to the

hook scientifically w0rk up their own clientele. You can't put the hook in a worm like you put your

not looking for hooks, but wor so display the correct wares. good leader and . .

a mm1m amount of weight help much.

A urn

-Bellevue Leader

Plenty Tough

Dissection pro' ed that a wild horned owl suffered and recovered from these wounds: one wing· broken once; ono wing broken twice; one

America's Bird Oogs

COCKER SPANIEL A MIGHTY l\IIDGET

B y J ack Hewins A bundle of affection and desire­

to-please, tied in a cheerful, silky ribbon of almost any color is L it­tle Joe Bounce, the cocker spaniel -the mighty midget of the bird dog clan.

H is small stature, good humor and ability to squeeze a whole fam­ily into his sturdy little heart has almost made America forget that Little Joe is a hunting dog. His tribe is most numerous of all breeds at the bench shows, and American K ennel Club registrations mark him as the All-American pet, but beneath all this, deep inside his husky little chest, he' s a huntsman.

About half the size of the spring­er spaniel, but of similar conforma­tion, Little Joe is stubby-tailed, heavy-eared, long-ha1red. His fore­head is high-domed, his eyes alert, and t he way to start a fight with a cocker man is to call his pooch a "snipe nose."

For hunting tightly brushed country the cocker is an excellent worker, operating like the springer in rushing the game into the air . H e's a natural retr1ever, easily trained for work in the fields or the duck blind.

He may be solid black, solid red, "blond" or particolored black and white, liver or orange and white, blue roan, strawberry roan, lemon roan, black-tan-white the combi­nations are almost innumerable.

He has fallen into two types, the rangy English bred cocker weigh­ing as much as 30 pounds and the smaller American cocker of 18 to 24 pounds. He is called "cocker" because his chief job originally in England was woodcock hunting.

Lillle Joe probably developed from the slightly taller field span­iel, which may outweigh him 10 to 30 pounds. This dog, rather rare to America, usually is solid black Another relative is the Sussex spaniel, a long-bodied, short-legged hunter about the weight of the field spamel but even less well known in the United States.

\P '\• \\ sfeaturt HLprlnted by I'l•l"nlls:;ion of tht' Dt•s 2\Ioines l!t•glst••r & Tribuno•.

scorn for the results that I get. foot in a sock unless you are out There is a little skill connected for the fresh air. You attach the with worms, too you have to garden variety tenderly in a few know where and how to dig them, spots. Give il all the liberty you store them, carry them, and final- can, firmly but gently. You'll need ly thread them. That's only the more than one worm, depending

leg broken once; a splinter embedded Once in the air. the ehunsy pelican In her breast; a toe sheared off In "whost• bill holds mort• than his a trap; rifle and buckshot pellets.- belly can," is able to fly to a heig-ht Ohio Conservation Bulletin. 1 bevond eyesight's reach.

Page One Hundred Forty-two IOWA CONSERVATIONIST

s is for adjustments in land use. It helped to crystallize thought on lhe need for publi cly owned forests on non-agncultural lands

The a reas s uggested for public fo res ts were those which were al­ready in timber and brush cover, or badly eroded tracts in such con­dillon that restoration lo a produc­tive state by the pnvate owners was questionable Slate or federal ownership of t hese areas was based upon the assumption that the com­mumty has an obhgat10n to keep the basic resou rces productive if it is beyond the power of individual owners to do so. The Slate Plan­nmg Board Reports make definite r ecommendations as to areas where e1lher s tate or nat10nal fores ts

1 mig ht be appropriate from an eco-

This state forest plantation in Lee County is six years old The qullied. abandoned fields have been stabilized and will begin to produce returns from thlnnings in 10 to 12 years.

nomic standpoint

Civilian Con!:tenation Corp Another agency which made im­

portant contributions to Iowa's stale forestry program was the Civilian Conservation Corps, au­thorized by Congress in March, 1933. This agency made possible a g reatly accelerated conservation program. A peak of 35 Iowa camps of 200 men each was reached in 1935 The work included extensive development work of all kinds in stale parks, on state lakes, and on s late forest areas which were being acquired through the cooperative program known as the "Iowa Emergency Conservallon Works Program," to be mentioned later.

State Forestry ... (Continued from pnsrc 137)

fire problem is a community prob­lem and, as such, should h ave the assistance of all ava1lable agenc1es.

Briefly, under the Clarke-Mc­Nary Act w1thm budgetary limita­tiOns, the federal government, act­mg through the U S Forest Serv­ICe, matches the forest fire funds made available by lhe different states. This cooperative effort has been outstanding in ils results.

At the time of the passttge of the Clarke-McNary Act a number of slates m the centra l region, includ­ing I owa, d1d not have senous for­est fire problems In these s tates, however, under this act this same coope rative principle was used to g1ve state aid in renewing tree crops on cut-over and badly eroded land.

I owa, since 1924, has been coop­erating under this statute, at first through the offi ce of the Stale Sec­retary of Agriculture and Iowa Slate College, and in recent years through the State Conservation Comm1ssion. The act has been one of the most effective influences in establishment of the Slate Forest Nursery, in subsequent planting of hundreds of acres on lhe stale for­ests, and in furnishing tree seed­hngs at about cost for needed ero­s ion control plantmgs on privately owned land.

lo\-va 25-Yea r J>lan I n 1931, through the timely influ­

ence of a group of far-seeing indi­viduals, an outstandmgly progres­SiVe step was taken in state con­servation. The General Assembly that year adopted a joint resolution instructing the Stale Board of Con­servation and the Slate Fish and Game Department to prepare a long-time program for handling our conservation problems.

The resultmg study and report, the "Iowa Twenty-five Year Con­servation Plan," recognized the re­lationship between soil, water, for­ests, parks, wildlife, and human in­habitants. It pointed out the need for a frontal attack on the basic conservation problems of the state. It noted that the soil losses through

eros10n were not only general, but alarming, and that the several mil­lion acres of I owa's remaining woodlands were soil saver s, as well as lumber producers and water con­servers that should be harvested as other lands but kept in timber pro­ductiOn for continuous revenue

R t>('Ommt•nd Public Forest~ Under th1s plan certain cut-over

lands and badly eroded areas, many of which were not paying taxes, might properly come into slate ownership for management as state forests The plan suggested that some of the larger a reas of poor rough land might be acquired and managed as nat ional forests, with 35 percent of the gross revenue re­turned to the mother counlies for road and school purposes, as in the larger national forests in t he so­called "limber states."

Another recomm endation of the Twenty-five Year Plan was r efor­estation of thousands of acres of land wh1ch held httle or n o promrse for conlmued cultivation or forage production, that were headed for the abandoned lands scrap heap 1f not salvaged by an adjustment in use

Forest a nd \\'a!:>te Land Sur\'ey In 1934 the state undertook a

forest and waste land survey to determine the extent of eroded farm la nds, forest areas, brush lands, swamps and waste areas not suitable for agricultural crops or forage pr·oduction under existing economic conditions. The survey covered about three-quarters of the state, mcludmg the southern, east­ern and western counties, and data for each quarter section were com ­piled. Maps prepared from the field data for each township in counties covered served in blocking up areas which in size and condi­tion might be considered for s tale and federal forest land purchase areas.

Statt> Planning Board It y,;as in this same period (1933-

The Civilian Conservation Corps effort was initiated soon after the completion of the I owa Twenty-five Year Conservation Plan, and as a result of this study the s tate was m a posrtion to subm1t detailed plans immediately. By takmg ad­vantage of emergency labor, devel­opments were completed in a rela­tively short period which under normal conditions might have re­quired 10 to 20 years to accomplish.

J<:.:mergency Consen at ion \\'orl<s Program

Concurrently with lhe Civilian Conservation Corps came the Iowa Emergency Conservation Works Program, a most potent move by the s tate to cap1 talize on relief labor made available by the federal programs.

State cooperation resu lted in fur­nishing state directing personnel and plans, as well as appropriating subs tantial funds by the legisla­ture Thes e approprialions were

100,000 in 1934, $500,000 in 1935, and $500,000 in 1937. These monies we re specifically provided to fur­ther conservation work under the Civilian ConservatiOn Corps and later relief programs.

The appropriations of 1934 and 1935 especially were effective in the development of both state parks and s tate fo rests In the

Number of

1934 l that the Iowa State Plannmg South Central Area Board made exhaustive studies on Southeast Area _ ..... .

Ownerships 16 24

the resources of the state The N ortheast Area ........ . Board made a valuable contribu-~ tion in furnishing an economic ba- Totals and Averages .... 63

23

former many improvements were made which, without special state funds, would have been impossible artlfic•al recreational lakes were built, additional areas added to ex­isting parks, and new parks pur­chased and d e v e 1 o p e d where needed.

First • tate Forest Area!:> The first purchases of state for­

est lands were made possible through the above state funds. The purchases were started in three different localilies where physical conditions made it possible to ac· quire considerable areas which could be consolidated for conven­ience and efficrency in administra tion, protection and management

The purchases which were made were m the south central, south­eastern, and northeas tern parts of the state. The tracts secured in­cluded cut-over woodlands, brush­covered areas, badly eroded lands and, to a limited extent, wornout cultivated fields. The non-agricul­tural character of the lands ac­quired is indicated by the prices paid as shown in the table below

Iowa has made a fine beginnmg on a s tate forestry program- but it is only a beginning. There is much to be des1red. Additional public forest areas should be ac­quired and put under "multiple use" management for the good of the entire stale.

Forestry m Iowa goes far be­yond the acquisition and manage­ment of limited publicly owned for­est lands, for as important as pub­lic forestry is, even more important is the task of keeping thousands of farm woodlots productive and serv­ing as useful revenue producing units of the farm. The state has an obligation here also and should aid in developing the forestry pos­sibilities on pnvate land as well as on the public areas.

This s late forest area: in Lucas CoWliY will produce a: regular income from saw logs and other products, an~ at the s~e time is valuable for soil eroston protec11on, ...nJdlife cover, and forest land recreational area:.

Total Range Average Acres of Price per

Acqmred Prices Acre 3,583 $8 .25-$13.00 $11.33 3,671 $6.00-$10.50 $ 8.63 3,800 $4 00-$10.00 $ 8 44

----11,054 $4 .00-$13.00 $ 9.44

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IOWA CONSERVATIONIST Page One Hundred Forty-three

Butterflies ... (Continued fonn page 139)

·icbly colored velvety orange and >lue-black The silvery spots be­leath are tinged green and are an­~ular in shape. The caterplllar eeds on praine violets rn Iowa and s most frequently seen where small >its of prairie still remain.

The Great pangled F ritilla r y (1 ;.; natural size)

This is the largest of three close­Y related fritillanes which are dis­inguished by having rows of large ;ilvery spots on the lower surface

T he T iger Swallow-tail (Dark Form, •,~ natural si ze)

1f the hind wings. This species has • L wide buff band between the rows The Giant wallow-tail >f silver spots on the hind wings. rhe caterpillars feed on several ;pecies of violets.

The Tiger wallow-tail ( • ~ natural s1ze)

This is a large yellow butterfly vith black bars that suggest tiger tripes. There are two color forms •f this insect; the black form oc­urs only in the female sex. The aterpillars feed on birch, ash, berry, and many other trees and hrubs. I t winters in the chrysalis tage and the adults appear after he first warm days of spring.

FRANKLIN DE LANO ROOSE­VELT, CON ERV ATIONIST

In the passing of Franklin Roose­·elt conservation has lost a true riend. He was an active and ar­lent sportsman all his life, even . fter he was stncken with polio. ie loved the out-of-doors and as >resident gave it greater consider­tion than it had ever before bad. ie talked the sportsman 's lan-~uage, he knew the thrills of hunt­ng and fishmg. In all the years in he White House he never failed to lo all that was asked of him for onservation. H e appreciated and mderstood the interrelationship of oil and water conservation with vildlife as no other President ever lid.

His voice is still, but his contri­mtion to the cause of conservation,

(~ natural s1zel This is the largest of our butter­

flies and may be distingui shed by the black color and yellow marks Wbile not abundant, it may be seen in central Iowa.

The Zebra wallow-tail (% natural size)

This species is quite r emarkable for the long and slender "tails" on the hind wings. It is also one of the most beautiful. The cross stripes on the wing in yellow and black suggest the name, Zebra. Wbile scarce, this gorgeous butter­fly may be seen in Iowa.

as well as to humanity and the world, will live as long as there are people to read and understand.

-X a tiona! \Vildlife Ft!dera tloJl.

"It is natural that women should lil<e the b irds whose clonwsti<· affairs can be obsen·ed under· tlw E1:t\"es . they love the SWPPte:-<t sinAt•r·s, tht· brightest plumagE', tlw spl'd<'s not too shy to be seen at close range For them the wadt•r·s and :-<wimmt•rs, the awkward of lt>J.!, tlw har·sh of cry, the wild of soul, lt:\ \ 't• s .. Jdom the same appeal. But that whi<-h flees from men, that will lllt111 ha \'t· \Y omt'n of all Jleople ought to un ~~~~!~·nd thb, but they do not

-Donald C'u Jr·uss Pt•a t t it•.

"To a person uninstntctt•cl in nat­ural history, his country or st•asiclt stroll is a walk through a gallt·n· filled with wondPrful wm·ks of art. ninE'- tenth:; of wh il'h have their faces turned to t h e wall."

-Thomas Henry Huxley.

"There are no birds this year in last :rear's nests." - Cervantes.

YOUR BOY AND MINE JF YOU are a fisherman and for-

tunate enough to be the father of a son but inconsiderate enough never to h::~.ve taken him a long fi shmg, then you ha ve failed, failed mtsera bly, in an import'lnt respon­s b1hty you owe him. Would you de liberately allow your child to uffcr the bitter pangs of disap­ointment and base denial if it

\/ere easy for you to effectively prevent it? No, of course you wouldn't! Yet how many men are doing that very thing every day? S~d little hearts made sadder, hurt and bleeding for the companion­ship of a father.

Remember, there is no man big­ger, no hero greater, no admira­tion more sincere, and I sometimes s uspect that no love supersedes the love that reposes in the heart of a little boy for his dad.

D1d you ever allow your enthu­siasm , your anxiety, your fishing fever to get the best of you long before the opening day of the sea­son? Sure you have; we all have You get the old tackle box out and begin checking it over. A rod needs a few new wrappings or a coat of varnish, a line needs to be oiled or some new leaders tied. Reels to be fixed , flies to be tied! You yearn to get into the fee l again.

Out F ishin' W ith Dad You are in the kitchen of your

home, the den, or perhaps out in the garage, and you're all wrapped up in things of sport. Up to your chin in a job the likes of which is greater than all else at the mo­ment. And s tanding there bes ide you, watching you, is your boy His eyes bright with admiration, his pulse is rapid and the blood races through his little body, a s he !>nvision s his first trip "out fish· mg" with dad. Listening atten­tively and affectionately to every last word as you relate some of the experiences you have had with this or with that, and before you know it he. too, can hardly wait for the opening day of the season.

Do You Remember ? r-an you remember, perhaps a

d::ty long since gone-a da y when a s a little fellow you crawled up on the back of a swell guy, and clinchmg your heels into his belly while you held aloft a rod in each hand, your dad negotiated the slip­pery bed of a swift stream and carefully placed you on the othe r side? Well, this little fellow un­conscwusly 1s longing for that very s:1me experience.

Comes the day, the appointed hour arrives. The tackle and equip­ment, together with the lunch, is placed in the car and you dash out around the block to pick up your companions. Returning to the house teeming with the excitement and hilarity that only we fisher­men can know, you hurriedly rush in for that last item and to say goodbye.

• onwthing h \\'rong Crawling back mto the car you

suddenly realize a void, something wrong You look back a"ld there he stand s, your boy, or l'ttlc girl, for that matter There he stand.., on the porch with h1s mother. H is eyes, no longer g leaming with ex. cited ha ppiness, are clouded \"'ith welling tears, tears that betray his disappointment. Hurt and forsJ.k­en, he suddenly realizes that h~ cannot go along, and he w::mted so much to go. H e believed th:1t h e had been counted in. There he stands, cheated and betrayed by his own father! The g reatest, wisest, truest man m a ll the world has smashed his fondest dream.

No Room in Dad's Car The motor starts and you begin

to drive away Somehow, some­thing is pulling, something you can't explain compels you to look back once more to see your little boy trembling with convulsive mis ­understanding as he buries his face in the bosom of his mommy to cry his very soul out Cries because he couldn't go along, because there wasn't room. No room in dad's car!

Room for s trangers, but no room for your own boy!

Make room! B e the companion he wants you to be and take him along fishing. If you do this, I as­sure you you'll never be sorry. Who knows how soon you may have tragic reason lo be glad that you did?

If there is to be a ny solution to the many perplexing problems of conservation, I say we need to take our boys and girls along out fi shing They are entitled to share and enjoy this birthright, their own hentage, the natural re­sources of our great outdoors. Take them along, out there in the same environment where a cour­ageous and determined ancestry fought for and cradled this great nation of free men. Make your child, your boy or your neighbor's boy an everlasting integral part of it.

(Continued on page lH)

Take your boys and girls along fishinq. They a:ro. entitled to sha:re and enjoy this birthright.

Page One Hundred Forty-four

FROM SUPERSTITION TO ORNITHOLOGY

"Death," wails the little owl. and the :.uperstitious believed the worst But heat the poker red hot and he'll go crway.

Gone are those days, and even a child now knows that owls are hannless and a valuable aid in pest control.

A red owl wails from the rooftop and in the house beneath there is fear. "Death," wails the little owl , and the superstitious beheve in the worst. "Death," quavers the owl

but throw a handful of salt on the fire, lay a broom across the doorsill, heat the poker red bot, and he'll go away. Fear of the owl is an old, old superstition that goes back to the Indians and their be­lief in him as a harbinger of death. Superstitions about birds arc of an­cient lineage.

People in the past were ever alert to signs and omens. It was the one way folks bad of geltmg m touch with the peculiar workings of the universe.

And so it came about that much strange lore became attached to the actions of btrds When a lit­tle red screech owl perched on the roof and wailed, folks wondered what 1t meant. Perhaps someone m the household was very ill; per­haps that night be dted How reasonable then, m the hght of the times, to say that the owl had foretold the calamity, perhaps even bad brought 1t to pass The superstition grew and endured, JUSt as the belief grew that a bird which somehow got mdoors or down the chimney was bad luck and foretold death.

\ Voodpeck er on the R oof Bad luck omens, particularly

those having to do wtth death, were connected with many other bu·ds There was the woodpecker who hammered on a rooftop or gable and foretold dtsaster, the btrd pecking on the wmdow pane, the cooing of the dove, the calling of a cuckoo ne:u the house, the whimpering cry of a whip-poor­wtll all evil. Fortunately there we1 e antidotes for some of these. I n the case of the whip-poor-will, the harm might be averted by pointing one's finger sternly at the bu·d's head if you were able to s ee it in the darkness.

Although almost all such beliefs c re without any foundatiOn of fact, some bird supersti lions seem to be b sed on observation. F'or in­~·tance, in Mame if a farmer saw

IOWA CONSERVATIONIST

a robin in March, be feared a fail­ure of crops a too early spring might bnng on later freezes. I n Nova Scolta when the willow ptarm1gan perched high in trees, the people expected a deep snow­fall. It was a s1gn of rain when the crows flew low, a sign of clear­ing when the chimney swifts flew high High-flying gulls meant a heavy wmd commg off the sea

I upt-r '>titi on-Con erva tion Early attempts at bird conser­

vatiOn though no one knew 1t by that name were affected at limes by threatening bird-killers w1lh "Kill a robin and the cows give bloody milk," 01 "Kill the swal­lows and you'll have bad luck," or "Ktll an eagle and you'll bring misfotlune " It was believed, and with a reason, that swallows nest­ing in a barn brought prospertty

Yet through 1t all ran the trend of rank superstition - that from eggs set on Sunday only roosters will balch; lhat jaybirds aren't seen on F riday because they're busy carrying sticks to the Devil; that snowbirds lurn into chtppmg sparrows m summer; that a buz­zard feather wom behind the ear will prevent rheumatism; that a redbird flying across the road means you'll get a letter

Yearly, superstitions fad e as honest observation increases. The actions of birds, no longer ob­served in lhe distorted light of su­perstition, are studied for their true meamng in the wildlife pal­tern, and for the downright good fun and pleasure that is to be had m modern birding.

Tl e Li,·ing :\Ius cum

Your Boy and Mine . (Continued from page 143)

TaJcc 'l' imc, Ma ke Room

• •

Take lime to point out and in­struct them in the many phases of woodcraftsmanship, the count­less essentials so tmportant to the conservalton of our forests, the trees, the streams, animals, birds, our fish, lhe flowers and plants Set the proper example and you will produce a conservationist. A rising generation of understand­ing, clean, honest citizens imbued with the will to preserve. I know of no other medium or environ­ment whcrem can be created and molded real red-blooded Amertcan­ism as compares with the noble and rather sacred laboratory of our own outdoors.

So I say to you, take your child along, be his companion, chum up with your own boy. Let his hurls be your hurts. Your hurts, wheth­er you know il or not, a r e already his, and in his faithfulness he is constantly willmg and ready to fight to the very death if neces­sary in your defense. As a small tree is nourished, so it grows to maturity either a straight asset or a twisted liability. Don't cheat him, don'l deny and neglect him, and don't wail until it may be too late. Do il NOW!

B' .r All e n Barrett, from lho""Penu~yl vania Angle• ."'

T HREE BII.I .IO . DOLLAR FOR HU TING A~ D FJ HING !

Hunting and fishing are sports which will play a far more promi­nent part in the recreational pic­lure of the postwar world than they have in the past This IS the pre­diction of a Remington Arms Com­pany authority

These sports are participative sports One doesn't sit in a grand­stand and watch the other fellow hunl or fish If he likes these healthy sports, be does the pleasant job btmself and defimtely does NOT want an audience. Compan­ionship? Sure! But nol an audi­ence'

'Outd()()f Oddities L BY WALT HARVEY

'\fHE HEART OF IHE Fl ELD ""'n'""" AT 111E RATE OF 250 MIIJU'T"I":

In peace times more than 20,000,-000 Americans hunt or fish or both, according to "Nation'~ Bust­ness" A conservative estimate of thetr individual annual expendi­tures in the enjoyment of their favorite sports could be set (for year for his tickets. He doesn't round numbers) at $100 This in- need new equipment to sit in th£' eludes equipment, travel, and odds grandstand and cheer for the home and ends, the description of which team. And he doesn't have to pay wou1d require the space of a sport- much for transportation to and mg encyclopedia. from the ball park

Summed up, thts means that, in It's a somewhat different story peace times, the American sports- \vi.th the bunter or the angler He men were spendmg $2,000,000,000 is, in a major way, a pa rticipator, a year for their favonte sports-- and in a minor way, a spectator. and liking it. It is our prediction H e has to replenish his expendable that "when the boys come home" equipment every season, but the they'll want to relax and hunt and anticipation of using his new rods fish. And they'll also be more than lures or guns makes up for the dent willing to do their share toward in his pocketbook. maintaining a goodly supply of J H is equipment is not th_e whole game and fish for this and future story. Travel, food, lodgmg and generations. many other factors enter the pic-

Wildlife has had a rest during ture of bts expenditures. Items too the present war Certam species numerous lo mention-but you can have increased to such an extent bet that a larger annual expendi· that control measures have been ture by sportsmen in the postwar necessary. Th is, however, 1s not a period is not loo much to expect normal situation, and "when the - Hf'ming-ton Xews Lettt.r

boys come back" they'll be mighty h appy to reap th e so-called surplus crop.

Some authorities believe that sportsmen and returmng service men, eager to enjoy peacetime bunting and fishing, may bring the annual postwar hun ting and fishing expenditure up to as much as $3,-000,000,000.

These figures may seem rather fantastic to some The average baseball fan spends about $30 a

I

"If you hn \'e once plan ted a trc" for ot h<'l' than commercial {l_urpose~ -and in thnt case it is usually don• hy your ord<>r.s and by the hand!'< of hirelinA"S -you have alwa::rs in It :1 peculiar lntt•l"<'st. You care more for it than you cnre for all the fore'<t• of Xorwa\· or America. ") o u haY• planted It: and that Is suffic1ent to make 1t peculiur among-st the trees of the world ." - Alexander Smith,

Six hundn·d million pounds of sea· food 'lre cnught b\ Xew England fishermen 111 a normal year ..• g·, percent o[ this consisting of onh 10 species.

Hunting and fishing aro sports wbich will play a far more important part in the pos t· wa:r recreational p icture than they have in the past. Conservative businessmen esll· mate the yearly postwa:r hunting and fishing expenditure will reach S3,000,000,000.

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