volume 38: number 2 -- summer 2005 william b. lees, editor ... · volume 38: number 2 summer 2005...

Volume 38: Number 2 Summer 2005

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Volume 38: Number 2 -- Summer 2005William B. Lees, Editor

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President’s Corner Newsletter Editor Moves Office SAA’s Tobi Brimsek RecognizedSlate for 2005 SHA and ACUA elections Candidates’ Information Proposal to Modify SHA BylawsSHA Non-Discrimination PolicyDeath Notices Daniel Herman Weiskotten Edward F. “Ned” HeiteCHAT in Dublin 200517th Annual Maritime SymposiumMidwest Historical Archaeology Fulbright Awards 2006-2007 Please Take Note2005 Preserve America AwardsRecords Added to NADB ACUA Photo Competition The Seat of the Reformation UNESCO Bogotá Images of the PastSHA Student Subcommittee Report New National Register Listings The View from Here Call for PapersESAF Conference Program: SPMA 2005 Nevis Mark Your Calendar SHA 2006FEMA: 2004 Hurricane Season

Current Research Africa Australasia Canada-Québec Europe México, Central and South América Middle East Underwater (Worldwide) U.S.A.-Midwest U.S.A.-Northeast U.S.A.-Pacific West U.S.A.-SoutheastThe FHGW MarkFocus on Sacramento Minutes Wednesday Board MeetingMinutes Saturday Board MeetingPresident Appints Committee Chairs Register of Professional Archaeologists Scenes from Mid-Year Board Meeting


BACK TO CONTENTSSUMMER 2005

Index

WILLIAM B. LEES, RPA, Newsletter Editor, Florida Public Archaeology Network, The University of West Florida.

President’s CornerJudy Bense

Continued on Page 2

President’s Corner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Newsletter Editor Moves Office . . . . . . . . . .3SAA’s Tobi Brimsek Recognized . . . . . . . . . 3Slate for 2005 SHA and ACUA elections . . 4Candidates’ Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Proposal to Modify SHA Bylaws . . . . . . . . 14SHA Non-Discrimination Policy . . . . . . . . 15Death Notices Daniel Herman Weiskotten . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Edward F. “Ned” Heite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16CHAT in Dublin 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1717th Annual Maritime Symposium . . . . . . 17Midwest Historical Archaeology . . . . . . . . 17Fulbright Awards 2006-2007 . . . . . . . . . . . 17Please Take Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172005 Preserve America Awards . . . . . . . . . 18Records Added to NADB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18ACUA Photo Competition . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19The Seat of the Reformation . . . . . . . . . . . . 19UNESCO Bogotá . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Images of the Past . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21SHA Student Subcommittee Report . . . . . 22New National Register Listings . . . . . . . . . 23The View from Here Call for Papers . . . . . 23ESAF Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Program: SPMA 2005 Nevis . . . . . . . . . . . .. 24Mark Your Calendar SHA 2006 . . . . . . . . . 25FEMA: 2004 Hurricane Season . . . . . . . . . 26Current Research Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Australasia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 28 Canada-Québec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30 Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 México, Central and South América . . 33 Middle East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Underwater (Worldwide) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 U.S.A.-Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 U.S.A.-Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 U.S.A.-Pacific West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 U.S.A.-Southeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 39The FHGW Mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Focus on Sacramento . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Minutes Wednesday Board Meeting . . . . .44Minutes Saturday Board Meeting . . . . . . . 48President Appints Committee Chairs . . . 49Register of Professional Archaeologists . . 50Scenes from Mid-Year Board Meeting . . . 51

SHA 2006SHA 2006SHA 2006SHA 2006SHA 2006

SacrSacrSacrSacrSacramentamentamentamentamento!o!o!o!o!

Recently, I have represented our organi-zation in some extremely interesting meet-ings that have dealt with three significantdeveloping national-level issues: the threatto Section 106 of the National Historic Pres-ervation Act (NHPA), the Advisory Coun-cil on Historic Preservation’s (ACHP) newarchaeological initiative, and the reorgani-zation of the Cultural Resources Section ofthe National Park Service (NPS). As theseissues affect almost all of us, I would like toshare with you a summary of the latest de-velopments and prognosis for the near fu-ture.

Section 106: In early April, there was asurprise announcement that significantchanges to the NHPA were being developedby the House Resources Subcommittee onNational Parks and there would be an Over-sight Hearing on 21 April 2005 of a “discus-sion draft” of potential changes in the law.The NHPA is due for reauthorization thisyear to continue funding the Historic Pres-ervation Fund from offshore oil lease rev-enues, and this provides an opportunity tomake amendments to the Act. Changes wereproposed to several sections, but the pro-posed change to Section 106 was the mostalarming. In the discussion draft, only re-sources listed on the National Register ofHistoric Places (NRHP) or those formally

determined eligible for listing by the Secre-tary of the Interior would be considered inthe review of the impact of an undertaking.

The first action taken by the historic pres-ervation community was the developmentof a joint letter that was delivered to the Sub-committee Chairman Representative DevinNunes and Ranking Member DonnaChristensen on 18 April 2005, opposing anyamendment to the National Historic Preser-vation Act that would substantially weakencurrent law. NCSHPO, Preservation Action,National Trust for Historic Preservation,Society for Historical Archaeology, Ameri-can Cultural Resources Association, Ameri-can Institute of Architects, and National As-sociation of Tribal Historic Preservation Of-ficers signed the letter. In addition, the Sub-committee members were inundated withletters, calls, and visits by supporters of theNHPA to leave Section 106 alone. Perhapsthe most effective was the 9/11 Coalitionletter which noted that they had saved thefootprint of the former World Trade Centerfrom major redevelopment by getting a de-termination of eligibility for the NationalRegister that triggered a successful Section106 process.

The push behind the attack on Section


BACK TO CONTENTSPresident’s CornerContinued from Page 1

Published QuarterlySubscription Rate: Individual: Regular ($125), Student ($70), Adjunct ($40),

Friend ($175), Developer ($250), Benefactor ($400), Life ($3,600).Organizational: Institution ($200). All U.S. Funds

Newsletter Editor: William B. Lees, RPA

Special News Editors:Archaeological Conservation Forum:

Judy LoganEmployment Opportunities: Cassandra

MichaudCurrent Publications: Charles EwenPublic Education and Information

Committee: Brian CraneImages of the Past: Robert Schuyler

Current Research Editors:Africa: Kenneth KellyAsia: Edward W. TennantAustralasia: Alasdair BrooksCanada-Atlantic: Robert FergusonCanada-Ontario: Jon JouppienCanada-Prairie: Jennifer HamiltonCanada-Québec: Allison BainCanada-Western: Rod J. HeitzmannCaribbean/Bermuda: Norman F. BarkaEurope: Paul CourtneyMéxico, Central & South América:

Pedro Paulo FunariMiddle East: Uzi BaramUnderwater (Worldwide): Toni CarrellU.S.A.-Alaska: Doreen CooperU.S.A.-Central Plains: William Hunt, Jr.U.S.A.-Gulf States: Kathleen H. CandeU.S.A.-Mid-Atlantic: Ben ResnickU.S.A.-Midwest: Lynn L.M. EvansU.S.A.-Northeast: David StarbuckU.S.A.-Northern Plains & Mountain

States: Steven G. Baker

U.S.A.-Pacific Northwest:Douglas C. Wilson

U.S.A.-Pacific West: Sannie K. OsbornU.S.A.-Southeast: Alfred WoodsU.S.A.-Southwest: Michael R. Polk

Editorial Address: The Society forHistorical Archaeology Newsletter, c/oWilliam B. Lees, Florida Public Archae-ology Network, The University of WestFlorida. Email to:

<[email protected]>

Business Address: 15245 Shady GroveRoad, Ste. 130, Rockville, MD 20850Phone 301-990-2454; Fax 301-990-9771;Email <[email protected]> (New Subscrip-tions, Changes of Address, SubscriptionFulfillment Matters)

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106 is from the wireless industry. After threeyears of negotiation with many parties in atask force of the ACHP to produce a pro-grammatic agreement, the wireless indus-try succeeded in reducing the area of poten-tial effect (APE) from 2 miles to 1 mile andrestricted cultural resource reviews to onlythose already listed on or formally deter-mined eligible for the NRHP. While thisseems like a real “win” for the wireless in-dustry, they want to change the NHPA ac-cordingly.

At the Oversight Hearing, the six wit-nesses invited to testify were Mr. Peter F.Blackman, Property Owner, Louisa, VA; Mr.James Martin, Executive Director, UnitedSouth and Eastern Tribes Inc.; Mr. Michael

Altschul, Senior Vice President and GeneralCounsel, CTIA The Wireless Association;Ms. Emily Wadhams, Vice President for Pub-lic Policy, National Trust for Historic Pres-ervation; Ms. Janet Snyder Matthews, Asso-ciate Director for Cultural Resources, Na-tional Park Service; and Mr. John Nau III,Chairman, Advisory Council on HistoricPreservation.

I was in Washington, DC on 19 Maywhere Nellie Longsworth, our governmentaffairs consultant, had arranged several keymeetings on the Hill to determine the effectof the hearing and the latest developments.Here is what we learned from the stafferswe met with:

• The incredibly strong opposition to theproposed changes to Section 106 was unex-pected by the Subcommittee and they de-scribed it as a “hornet’s nest;”

• The proposed changes to Section 106have been moved to the “back burner” dueto the “hornets;”

• Chairman Nunes has accepted a posi-tion on the House Ways and Means Com-mittee which requires that he resign from theNational Parks chairmanship. His replace-ment has not been named yet; and

• The Senate may move quickly on a ver-sion of the HPF reauthorization that will notcontain changes to Section 106.

Advisory Council on Historic Preserva-tion Archaeological Initiative: Followingthe appointment of Julia King (former SHApresident) in 2004 as the first archaeologistever to serve on the ACHP, an ArchaeologyTask Force was formed to identify issues thatshould receive priority from the ACHP.After extensive outreach to the archaeologi-cal community and tribes, three key areaswere identified:

1. the need to update the ACHP 1988“Policy Statement Regarding Treatment ofHuman Remains and Grave Goods;”

2. the need for new Section 106 guidance;and

3. the development of strategies to bet-ter capitalize on the rich potential of archaeo-logical resources for heritage tourism andpublic educational opportunities.

On 13 April 2005, the task force met andformulated a strategy as to how these threeissues could be advanced at the May 2005business meeting of the ACHP in Annapo-lis, MD. The ACHP invited the presidentsof the four national archaeological organi-zations to participate in an “issues tour anddiscussion” on 17 May. SHA, SAA, andACRA each sent their presidents, and RPAwas represented by immediate past presi-dent Jeff Altschul. We each spoke to theACHP and participated in a lively and pro-ductive discussion, which Chairman Naudescribed as the best discussion ever heldduring his tenure. This was the first timethe four leaders of our national archaeologi-cal organizations had been together and,thanks to Chairman Nau, we productivelyparticipated in the national-level policy mak-ing process.

Reorganization of Cultural Resourcesin the National Park Service: The reorga-nization of the cultural resources section ofNPS had occurred just before the nationalarchaeological organizations were called tothe ACHP meeting in Annapolis. This reor-ganization was a surprise to people outsidethe NPS, and as it concerned many archae-ologists, I asked Nellie Longsworth to orga-nize a dinner meeting with Dr. JanMatthews, NPS Associate Director for Cul-tural Resources, and the national archaeol-ogy presidents at the historic Willard Hotelin Washington. On 18 May, Associate Di-rector Matthews and her three newly ap-

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BACK TO CONTENTSpointed Assistant Associate Directors(Randy Biallas, Antoinette Lee, and JohnBurns) and Budget Director Joe Wallis hada long and informative dinner with the Presi-dents of SHA, SAA (Ken Ames), and ACRA(Ian Burrow) along with Nellie Longsworthand Tobi Brimsek, Executive Director of theSAA. Nellie had previously submitted ques-tions to Dr. Matthews at her request prior toour dinner meeting and she distributed theresponses at our dinner. Below is a sum-mary of what I learned and observed:

• There is no connection between theNPS reorganization and the proposedchanges to Section 106 in Congress;

• The reorganization has been plannedsince the fall of 2004 and it has had inputand approval from the highest levels of theNational Park Service;

• The basic reasons for the reorganiza-tion seem to be to prepare for the retirementwave of senior professionals starting about2010 by building a professional base in keyareas, preparing an inventory and continualassessment of cultural resources through thecreation of an interagency relational data-base, and digitizing existing NRHP informa-tion and creating a paperless system;

• The funding for archaeology programswill not be reduced any more than any otherprogram; and

• The National Historic LandmarksCommission will seek broad peer input fromall the national archaeological associations,not just the SAA.

My impression of the reorganization isthat it is basically a “succession plan” to pre-pare for the retirement of core NPS profes-sional staff. The plans for each program(Park Cultural Resources, Historical Docu-mentation, and Heritage Preservation Assis-tance) reflect a desire to modernize andstreamline by creating a new senior manage-ment team to do it.

Nellie and I want to stress that the NPSreorganization is a fait accompli and wemust move on. The “summit” with Dr.Matthews and her new leadership team withthe national archaeological association presi-dents opened an unprecedented and veryvaluable line of communication, and we willwork productively with the Park Service tohelp them meet their goals and improve themanagement of archaeological sites.

In summary, I hope I have communi-cated an understandable synopsis of what Ilearned in the last few weeks as I representedour SHA in these discussions and meetings.It has been very interesting and the SHA isdefinitely respected and a player at the na-tional level.

SAA’s Tobi Brimsek Recognizedwith SHA Presidential Citation

SHA President Judy Bense (right) presented the SHA Presidential Citation to SAAExecutive Director Tobi Brimsek (left) at the recent annual meeting of the Societyfor American Archaeology in Salt Lake City. The citation reads “This PresidentialCitation is to recognize your counsel and assistance to the Presidents and Boards ofDirectors of the Society for Historical Archaeology during its years of transition toprofessional managment. Your professionalism and guidance were provided atcritical times and we sincerely appreciate your help” (Photo courtesy Society forAmerican Archaeology).

Newsletter Editor Moves Office

SHA Newsletter Editor William Lees is moving to a new position at the Universityof West Florida where he will be Director of the New Florida Public ArchaeologyNetwork. Lees will begin his new assignment in Pensacola during August. TheNewsletter editorial operation will follow Lees to UWF, so please note a new emailaddress for submitting material to be published in the Newsletter:

[email protected]

This change of email address is effective immediately!



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The SHA Nominations and ElectionsCommittee presented the following slate ofcandidates for elected office for the societyto the SHA Board of Directors; no nomina-tions were received from the floor. The Ad-visory Council on Underwater Archaeologypresents the following slate of candidates forelected office. All candidates were asked toprovide biographical information and an-swer two questions specific to the officesought.

For SHA Board of Directors

Questions:(1) Given the qualifications and experi-

ence outlined in your biographical state-ment, what do you believe you can contrib-ute to SHA if elected as an officer or board

Voting Procedures: All members having an email address will be notified by head-quarters concerning on-line voting procedures by email. Members not having an emailaddress will receive a ballot form by regular mail. Please verify the validity of YOURemail address immediately by consulting the members’ section of our Web site(<www.sha.org>). You may contact headquarters (<[email protected]>) to obtain usernameand password information for access to the members only section.

Slate Presented for 2005 SHA and ACUA Elections

For SHA Board of Directors:

President-Elect: Lu Ann De Cunzo Russell K. Skowronek

Secretary: Robert A. Clouse Michael S. Nassaney

Treasurer: Sara F. Mascia Donald J. Weir

Director: Réginald Auger Nicholas Honerkamp Harold C. Mytum Margaret Purser

The Nominations and Elections Committee presents the following slate of candidatesfor 2005 Elections:

For SHA Nominations and ElectionsCommittee:

James BrusethDena DoroszenkoCharles R. EwenBenjamin L. Ford

For Advisory Council on UnderwaterArchaeology

Jason BurnsAnnalies CorbinDolores ElkinRod MatherClaire Peachey

Candidates’ Information2005 SHA and ACUA Elections

member?(2) If elected to serve as an officer or

board member, what priorities would youemphasize, taking into consideration SHA’smissions and goals, ongoing committee ac-tivities, and the management and financialchallenges of the society?

For SHA President-Elect:

Lu Ann De Cunzo, Ph.D., RPA. Educa-tion: B.A., Anthropology, College of Williamand Mary, 1978; M.A., American Civiliza-tion, University of Pennsylvania, 1980; Ph.D.,American Civilization, University of Penn-sylvania, 1983. Current Position: AssociateProfessor of Anthropology and Early Ameri-can Culture, University of Delaware (1996-2005); Assistant Professor (1989-1996). Past

Positions: Director of Archaeological Ser-vices, Clio Group, Inc., (1986-1989); Execu-tive Director, Historic Fallsington, Inc.,(1982-1986). Professional Service: SHA Di-rector, 1999-2001; SHA Committees: Inter-Society Relations/ Chair, 1994-1999; PublicEducation, and Co-chair, “Unlocking thePast,” 1990-present; Long-Range Planning,2000-2003. Other Experience: Council forNortheast Historical Archaeology Chair,2004; CNEHA, Executive Board, 1985-1994,1996-2004, Co-chair, 1991 Annual Meeting,Editorial Board, 1983-1988, 1996-present;New Jersey Historic Sites Council, 1997-present; Delaware Historic Preservation Re-view Board, 2004-present. Research Inter-ests: material culture studies; gender andethnicity studies; agricultural and urban cul-tures. Selected Publications: A HistoricalArchaeology of Delaware (2004); (co-editor)Unlocking the Past (2005); “On ReformingProstitutes and Beyond,” International Jour-nal of Historical Archaeology, 5(1):19-43 (2001);(co-editor) Historical Archaeology and theStudy of American Culture (1996); “Reform,Respite, Ritual: An Archaeology of Institu-tions,” Historical Archaeology 29(3).

(1) My experience in historical archaeol-ogy spans 25 years in the museum world,cultural resources management, andacademia. I have gained experience in teach-ing, long-range planning, research and pub-lication, curation, public interpretation,fundraising, and administration. My back-ground enables me to represent and respectthe many perspectives of SHA members, andwill help me bridge diverse concerns regard-ing SHA’s goals, priorities, and managementneeds. I have been an active member of SHAsince 1978, and of the regional Council forNortheast Historical Archaeology(CNEHA). As a former SHA Director, Chairand Executive Board member of CNEHA,and chair and member of numerous com-mittees within the university and profes-sional community, I know firsthand the com-mitment and responsibility expected of theSHA President. Through my professionalactivities, I have interacted with SHA mem-bers around the world, and with represen-tatives of associations of archaeologists andpractitioners in affiliated fields. I havelearned of the potential for expanded com-munication, and the challenges of coordinat-ing dozens of individuals’ visions of SHA’sgoals for each society endeavor.

(2) If elected president, I would empha-

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BACK TO CONTENTSsize SHA’s roles in shaping and perpetuat-ing the practice of historical archaeology.SHA offers the perfect forum for turningdebate into an action built on the experienceof historical archaeologists engaged in allareas of our practice and grounded in an in-tellectually creative, diverse, and sound vi-sion of our potential contributions to theknowledge of historical cultures. I have ben-efited immensely from the support andmentoring of colleagues in SHA, and itwould be an honor to carry on that mission.Education and interdisciplinary professionalinteraction are keys to our field’s future. Iwould seek partnerships for effectiveproject-oriented fundraising and to expandSHA’s important preservation advocacywork. I would facilitate the ongoing pro-cess of evaluating member services to meetchanging priorities, control expenses, andmake the most of opportunities presentedby SHA’s new professional managementteam. Finally, I would promote additionalactions to internationalize the society, andfacilitate members’, committees’, and theboard’s efforts to implement new initiatives.

Russell K. Skowronek, Ph.D., RPA.Education: B.A., Anthropology and B.A. Po-litical Science, University of Illinois, 1979;M.A., Anthropology 1982, and M.A., History1983, Florida State University; Ph.D., An-thropology, Michigan State University, 1989.Current Position: Associate Professor of An-thropology in the Department of Anthropol-ogy and Sociology at Santa Clara University,a small private undergraduate institutionwhere I have worked since 1991 and whereI regularly teach historical archaeology. Ialso serve on two graduate committees atthe University of Texas-San Antonio and atthe University of California-Santa Cruz.Santa Clara University is the only institutionof higher education to stand on a formerFranciscan mission site. Because of the pres-ence of significant prehistoric and historicarchaeological deposits on the grounds ofthe university, I was named Campus Ar-chaeologist and founded the Santa ClaraUniversity Archaeology Research Lab in1994. Experience and Research: In additionto my experience in college teaching, I haveworked as an archaeologist for the NationalPark Service and for a number of CRM firmsover the past three decades. This experienceincludes the conservation of archaeologicalmaterials and the excavation and analysesof materials from both terrestrial and under-water sites. The latter category includeswork on a reconnaissance of prehistoric liv-ing sites in Saginaw Bay; a search for a 19th-century whaling fleet in Alaska; the flotasof 1554, 1622, and 1733; the Manila GalleonsSan Felipe (1576) and San Diego (1600); andHMS Fowey (1748). My terrestrial experience

has run the range from prehistoric sites inthe Midwest, Southeast, and California tomy main research focus on the Spanish co-lonial world. I have been fortunate to workwith Kathleen Deagan, Kenneth Lewis, andStanley South in my formative years in theSoutheast. Since 1991 I have focused on theSpanish in western North America and thePacific. I began a major research project withDr. Ronald Bishop of the Department ofAnthropology, National Museum of Natu-ral History in 1999 studying the production,supply, and exchange of ceramics in AltaCalifornia and the borderlands. Publica-tions: I have articles in American Antiquity,Archaeology, Ethnohistory, Historical Archae-ology, International Journal of Historical Archae-ology, International Journal of Nautical Archae-ology, and Research in Economic Anthropology.I am the editor or co-editor of three books:Telling the Santa Clara Story (2002); SituatingMission Santa Clara de Asís, Academy ofAmerican Franciscan History (2005); and X-Marks the Spot, The Archaeology of Piracy withCharles Ewen, University Press of Florida(2006). I am also the founder and editor ofthe Research Manuscript Series on the Culturaland Natural History of Santa Clara. Since itsinception in 1994 12 numbers have been pub-lished, focused on the south San FranciscoBay area. Topics have included prehistoricand historic archaeology, cultural ecology,and local history. Service: In the 1980s I rep-resented SOPA at the hearings for the Aban-doned Shipwreck Act. Since the mid-1990sI have served SHA on the Marketing Com-mittee, as the representative to the AAA, andon the Nominations Committee. I am on theEditorial Board of the California MissionStudies Association and have served on theAdvisory Board of the Juan Bautista de AnzaNational Historic Trail since 2002.

(1) Over the past three decades I havehad the opportunity to work with some ofthe founders and leading scholars in the fieldof historical archaeology. I have watchedthem selflessly share their expertise with stu-dents and colleagues while making lastingcontributions to scholarship and to this or-ganization. When I reflect on the many rolesI have played through the years, I can con-tribute to The Society for Historical Archae-ology a real understanding of ourmembership’s diverse concerns and interestsbecause I actively share or have shared them.If elected I would work toward finding moreavenues for integrating our increasingly spe-cialized membership.

(2) The Society for Historical Archaeol-ogy has reached middle age. For more thana decade the students of the founders of oursociety have served on committees, theboard, and as president. Long gone are thesmall meetings where everyone seemed toknow everyone else and where hi-tech meant

using a remote on a slide projector. As in alldeveloping disciplines we have grown innumber and become increasingly special-ized. Specialization is, of course, good forour research but it can also lead to parts ofour membership feeling marginalized orundervalued. When that occurs the diver-sity that made and makes historical archae-ology an exciting field of study will be lostto other interdisciplinary organizations. Ibelieve in the adage, “If it aint broke, don’tfix it”. SHA has built its reputation on threecornerstones: (1) an excellent international,interdisciplinary annual meeting; (2) an ex-cellent peer-reviewed journal; and (3) a regu-lar and well-received newsletter. We needto explore ways to protect these cornerstoneswhile containing costs. On the other handwe are faced with rising expectations andrising costs. For 40 years the board and themembership have contributed their energyand have often enjoyed the support of uni-versities, government, and the private sec-tor. Since the turn of the century changingeconomic and political realities have placedall such scholarly organizations, not justSHA, under siege. To build at a time of tur-moil will not be easy but we will need tothink creatively and take some chances. Ourstanding committees should always reflecton their past history, but they should alsoencourage new ideas and approaches by ac-tively engaging our membership in brain-storming sessions. We need to continue toraise the profile of historical archaeologyinternationally. As the success of the meet-ings in York and Kingston demonstrate, “Ifyou build it, they will come.” Our colleaguesworking outside of Canada and the UnitedStates need to be encouraged to join and ac-tively participate. We need to redouble ourefforts of raising the profile of the fieldwithin the academy. Who will train the nextgeneration of historical archaeologists if pro-grams fail to see the value of historical ar-chaeology and instead hire in a different areaor lose the position? In an era whendownsizing seems to be the norm and igno-rance is celebrated, we need a vision and amembership to make that vision a reality. Ibelieve we have that membership and I hopeto supply at least some of the vision.

For SHA Treasurer:

Sara F. Mascia, Ph.D., RPA. Education:B.A., Anthropology and History, Universityof South Carolina, 1983; M.A., Archaeology,Boston University, 1989; Ph.D., Archaeology,Boston University, 1995. Current Position:Vice President, Historical Perspectives, Inc.(2002-present); Curator, Historical Society ofSleepy Hollow and Tarrytown. Past Posi-tions: Project Director, Historical Perspec-tives, Inc. (1994-2002); Archaeologist, Office


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of Public Archaeology (1985-1994); AssistantDirector, Boston University Field School(1989-1993). Professional Service: Secretary-Treasurer, SHA (2003-2005); Treasurer,Council for Northeast Historical Archaeol-ogy (1999-present); Board of Directors,Council for Northeast Historical Archaeol-ogy (1989-present); Academic and Profes-sional Training Committee, SHA (1995-2002); Nominations and Elections Commit-tee, SHA (1999-2000); Employment Coordi-nator, SHA (1991-2002). Research Interests:General historical archaeology, rural andagricultural archaeology, urban archaeology,railroad archaeology. Recent Publications:“The Archaeology of Agricultural Life,” inUnlocking the Past (edited by Lu AnnDeCunzo and John Jameson), SHA, 2005; TheJohn Brown Birthplace, Archaeological Pre-serve, Torrington, Connecticut, 2004; ‘Can’tYa Hear the Whistle Blowin,’ New LondonEngine House and Turntable Archaeologi-cal Preserve, New London, Connecticut,2003.

(1) As the Secretary-Treasurer of TheSociety for Historical Archaeology and aCRM Project Director, I have been fortunateto acquire experience creating and manag-ing complicated budgets. During the pastdecade, membership in SHA has grown con-siderably and our organization has under-gone many changes. We are now well over2,000 strong with a professional associationmanagement firm helping us maintain ourcommitment to our membership. If electedTreasurer, I hope to continue working withour headquarters staff to prepare and imple-ment fiscally responsible budgets that willenable SHA to provide our members withquality publications, conferences, and ser-vices.

(2) In the future, SHA will continue toface economic challenges, and, as treasurer,

I believe the main priority is to continue ef-forts toward creating and implementing abalanced budget. Although we have had afew years of growing pains, we have justbegun to create a strategic plan that will helpSHA build a reserve that would, in turn, pro-vide additional support for future specialpublications and projects. Continuing withthis effort is another goal that I would em-phasize. One of the most extraordinarythings about the society is the commitmentof the organization toward mentoring andsupporting students and young profession-als. I believe that this commitment is a de-fining characteristic of our Society andshould be an ongoing responsibility for theboard. Finally, in order to achieve many ofthe society’s goals, I would assist in all ef-forts to increase our visibility and member-ship. If elected, I would continue to placeemphasis on supporting SHA publicationsand our Web site.

Donald J. Weir, M.A., RPA. Education:M.A., Anthropology, Michigan State Univer-sity, 1979. Current Position: President, Com-monwealth Cultural Resources Group, Inc.Since 1974, I have served as project managerfor more then 500 cultural resource manage-ment projects and authored more than 100technical reports. After working for Gilbert/Commonwealth from 1974-1988, I startedCommonwealth Cultural Resources Group,Inc. in 1998. Professional Service: Invest-ment and Finance Committee Member, So-ciety for American Archaeology (1992-1998and 1999-2000); Treasurer-Elect, Society forAmerican Archaeology (2000); Treasurer,Society for American Archaeology (2001-2002); Treasurer, American Cultural Re-sources Association (1997-2002); ExecutiveBoard, American Cultural Resources Asso-ciation (1995-2000); Membership Chairman,

Society of Professional Archaeologists (1996-1998); Executive Board, Conference onMichigan Archaeology (1987-1989 and 2000-2005); President, Conference on MichiganArchaeology (1989-1993); Michigan StateHistoric Preservation Review Board (1997-2000); Board of Directors (SAA Representa-tive), Register of Professional Archaeologists(2004-present); Chair of Nominating Com-mittee, Society for American Archaeology(2004).

(1) Using my past experience as Trea-surer of The Society for American Archaeol-ogy (SAA) and the American Cultural Re-sources Association (ACRA), I will makeevery effort to serve The Society for Histori-cal Archaeology. I am excited to have theopportunity to run for the treasurer positionat a time that SHA is working hard to tran-sition from a fully volunteer organization toone with a professional management team.I fully understand the difference between thetypes of organizations and the advantagesand disadvantages of both.

(2) As Treasurer, my role would be toprovide oversight of SHA finances and toprovide guidance to the SHA’s board as itmakes the important transition to a profes-sionally managed society. I have consider-able experience in dealing with budgets andlong-range financial planning for profes-sional organizations. In addition, I havemore than 15 years of experience managinga cultural resources firm with 3 offices.

For SHA Secretary:

Robert A. Clouse, Ph.D., RPA. Educa-tion: B.A., Anthropology, Indiana State Uni-versity, 1970; M.A., Anthropology, Univer-sity of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1974;Ph.D., Anthropology, University of Illinois,Urbana-Champaign, 1996. Current Posi-tions: Interim Executive Director, Universityof Alabama Museums, University of Ala-bama (2005-present); Director, Office of Ar-chaeological Research, University of Ala-bama (2001-present); Adjunct Professor, De-partment of Anthropology, University ofAlabama (2001-present). Past Positions:Head, Archaeology Department, MinnesotaHistorical Society (1980-2001); Adjunct As-sociate Professor, Classical and Near East-ern Studies, University of Minnesota (1984-2001); Chief Archaeologist, Fort SnellingRestoration, Minnesota Historical Society(1975-1980). Professional Service: Board ofDirectors, Register of Professional Archae-ologists (SHA representative) (2000-present);President, Council on Alabama Archaeology(2005-present); Program Co-Chair, JointMidwest Archaeological-Plains Anthropo-logical Conference (2000); Program Chair,Joint Plains Anthropological-Midwest Ar-chaeological Conference (1976); Chair, SHA


BACK TO CONTENTSMembership Committee (1998-2003); Chair,RPA Recruitment Committee (2000-present).Research Interests: General historical archae-ology, military sites archaeology, industrialarchaeology, cultural resource management,petroglyph studies. Recent Publications:“Pattern and Function at the JeffersPetroglyphs, Minnesota,” in The Rock Art ofEastern North America, edited by Carol Diaz-Granados and James R. Duncan, Universityof Alabama Press, 2004; “Interpreting Ar-chaeological Data through CorrespondenceAnalysis,” Historical Archaeology, 2000,33(2):90-107; “Anthropology in Service toArchaeology,” Anthropology News, 2000,40(4):41.

(1) Looking at the challenges facing thesociety in the new century, there has neverbeen a more important time for individualsto lead SHA with experience and perspec-tives from both the teaching and the appliedsegments of our field. Having officers of thesociety that can draw from such experienceand multiple perspectives will serve themembership in helping to bring unity to ourefforts that are often wasted in divisive dis-course. An organization that offers attrac-tive options to academic and applied histori-cal archaeologists will attract greater mem-bership and greater membership participa-tion in achieving its mission.

(2) In order to reach its full potential andexpress the diversity of research that is im-portant in interpreting the archaeology of thehistoric period, the society needs to main-tain and expand its international focus. His-torical archaeology is underrepresented inthe academy and I believe the society shouldwork towards increasing representation indepartments currently offering graduatedegrees in anthropology and other relatedfields. Historical archaeologists are alsounderrepresented in government archaeo-logical programs and regulatory agencies(e.g., SHPO) resulting in unequal and sub-standard treatment of historic archaeologi-cal resources. The Society should work todevelop mechanisms to assist agencies tomake more comprehensive resource man-agement decisions and to reduce the fre-quency of disregarding historic-period siteslargely because they are recent and numer-ous.

Michael S. Nassaney, Ph.D. Education:B.A., Anthropology, Providence College,1977; M.A., Anthropology, University ofArkansas-Fayetteville, 1982; Ph.D., Anthro-pology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 1992. Professional Positions: As-sistant Professor of Anthropology (1992-1997), Associate Professor of Anthropology(1997-2004), Professor of Anthropology(2004-present), Western Michigan Univer-sity. Professional Service: Vice-President

(1996-1999), President (2000-2003), Confer-ence on Michigan Archaeology; Co-director,2003 SHA Terrestrial Program, Providence,RI; Member, 2003 SAA Program Committee,Milwaukee, WI; Founding Member, Steer-ing Committee (2002), Member, NominationCommittee (2002, 2004), Midwest Archaeo-logical Conference; Chair, Nominations andElections Committee (1996), SoutheasternArchaeological Conference; Book series edi-tor, The American Experience in ArchaeologicalPerspective, University Press of Florida (2004-present). Research Interests: Archaeologi-cal theory and method, historical archaeol-ogy, social archaeology; ethnohistory; colo-nialism; material analysis; critical theory;eastern North America. Recent Publications:Interpretations of Native North American Life:Material Contributions to Ethnohistory, Univer-sity Press of Florida, Gainesville, and TheSociety for Historical Archaeology (co-editedwith E. S. Johnson; paperback edition 2003);“Identification of Colonial Fort St. Joseph,Michigan,” Journal of Field Archaeology 29(3and 4):309-321 (co-authored with W. Creminand D. Lynch, 2002-2004); “Native Ameri-can Gender Politics and Material Culture inSeventeenth-Century Southeastern NewEngland,” Journal of Social Archaeology,2004(4):334-367; “Implementing CommunityService Learning through ArchaeologicalPractice,” Michigan Journal of Community Ser-vice Learning, 2004, 10(3):89-99; “The South-west Michigan Historical Landscape Project:Exploring Class, Gender, and Ethnicity fromthe Ground Up,” International Journal of His-torical Archaeology 5(3):219-261 (co-authoredwith D. Rotman, D. Sayers, and C. Nickolai,2001).

(1) I have devoted my career to conduct-ing archaeological research and disseminat-ing the results through teaching, publication,

and public presentations. As an officer ofthe society for Historical Archaeology, I willbe committed to using my experience andexpertise in the field and classroom to pro-mote the conservation, protection, and in-vestigation of archaeological resourceswithin and beyond the society. I have beenprivileged to be involved with a number ofprojects in historical archaeology that haveprovided me with opportunities to interactwith students, members of the public, andother professionals who share an interest inusing the material world to gain a better un-derstanding of history and culture. Theseopportunities have positioned me to be ableand willing to provide service to SHA in thenext stage of my career.

(2) The Society is an important voice forhistorical archaeology both within and out-side of the field. If elected as secretary ofthe society I will work to conduct the respon-sibilities of that office in an efficient man-ner. I am willing to coordinate the curationof our Society’s archives, keep the member-ship and officers abreast of past and currentbusiness concerns, and facilitate communi-cation between committees and within thesociety. I will promote better availability ofannual committee reports and other infor-mation of interest to the society by explor-ing the benefits of increased use of our Webpages. I look forward to serving you in SHAby continuing to improve what is a vibrantand energetic professional organization andlistening to your concerns.

For SHA Director (two positions):

Réginald Auger, Ph.D. Education: B.Sc.,Anthropology, University of Montréal, 1978;M.A., Anthropology, Memorial Universityof Newfoundland, 1983; Ph.D., Archaeology,University of Calgary, 1989. Current Posi-tions: Professor, Department of History,Université Laval, Québec City (1994-present); Member of CELAT, UniversitéLaval. Past Positions: Program director inarchaeology, ethnology and museum stud-ies, Université Laval (2001-2004); Consult-ant and lecturer, 1993, Québec City; SocialSciences and Humanities Research Councilof Canada Postdoctoral fellow 1990-1992;Lecturer in Behavioural Sciences, MontRoyal College, Calgary. Professional Ser-vice: Board of Directors, Centre d’initiationau patrimoine (1995-2005); Board of Direc-tors, Association des archéologues duQuébec (1991-1993); Board of Directors,Commission des biens culturels, comité aviset prise de position (1993-1997); EditorialBoard, Études Inuit Studies (1998-2002);Editorial Board, Post-Medieval Archaeology(2002-2005); Terrestrial Program Chair, SHAConference, Québec City (2000). Teachingand Research Interests: archaeology and ar-


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chaeological field schools (at UniversitéLaval); Arctic prehistory; North Americannative populations in prehistoric and historictimes, specifically subsistence adaptationand cultural transfers between Natives andEuropeans; the Frobisher Voyages; andsugar production in French Guiana. Recentpublications: “La formation de la relève enarchéologie, un curriculum en mutation,”Archéologiques 17:88-92; co-authored with G.Beaudoin, “Implications of the mineralogyand chemical composition of lead beadsfrom Frobisher’s assay site, Kodlunarn Is-land, Canada: prelude to Bre-X?” Can. J.Earth Sci./Rev. Can. Sci. Terre 41(6):669-681;co-authored with Y. Le Roux, “Étudearchéologique de l’habitation de Loyola àRémire en Guyane française”, Archéologiques15:55-68, co-authored with W. Moss, “TheArchæology of Physical and Social Transfor-mation: High Times, Low Tides and TouristFloods on Québec City’s Waterfront,” in TheArchæology of Urban Landscapes: Explorationsin Slumland, edited by Alan Mayne et TimMurray, Cambridge University Press, Cam-bridge, 2001; co-authored with W. W.Fitzhugh, L. Gullason, A. Henshaw, D.Hogarth et D. Laeyendecker, “De-CenteringIcons of History: Exploring the Archeologyof the Frobisher Voyages and Early Euro-pean-Inuit Contact,” in De-Centering the Re-naissance: Canada and Europe in Multi-Disci-plinary Perspective, 1500-1700, edited byGermaine Warkentin and CarolynPodruchny, University of Toronto Press,Toronto, 2001.

As a board member, my priorities wouldbe twofold. First, given my experience as auniversity teacher, I would like to promotethe quality of teaching of historical archae-

ology in the university setting and in publiceducation. Second, we have noticed by hold-ing its annual meetings outside the U.S., TheSociety for Historical Archaeology has ex-panded its interests in other cultural areasand developed an openness to diverse meth-ods of practicing archaeology, to the advan-tage of the society and historical archaeol-ogy in general. As well, the foreign hostcountries have benefited from better visibil-ity within SHA. As a board member, I wouldwork to promote the organization of annualmeetings in countries where historical ar-chaeology needs greater recognition.

Nicholas Honerkamp, Ph.D., RPA.Education: B.A., Anthropology, Universityof Florida, 1972; M.A., Anthropology, Uni-versity of Florida, 1975; Ph.D., Anthropol-ogy, University of Florida, 1980. Current Po-sitions: Director, Jeffrey L. Brown Instituteof Archaeology (1980-present); Professor,Department of Sociology, Anthropology,and Geography (1981-present), Acting Head(2003-present). Professional Service: Boardof Directors, Tennessee Council for Profes-sional Archaeology (1996-2004); President,Tennessee Council for Professional Archae-ology (1997-1998); Program Chair for SHASavannah, GA meetings (1987); Bass playerfor the “Official SHA Rock Band” (Gravity’sRim) 1998, 1999, 2004. Research Interests:British colonial archaeology, plantation ar-chaeology, industrial archaeology. RecentPublications: (with Norma J. Harris)“Unfired Brandon Gunflints From thePresidio Santa Maria de Galve, Pensacola,Florida,” Historical Archaeology 39(4) (inpress); “Architectural Sequencing at theSamuel Doak Plantation (40GN257),Greeneville, Tennessee,” Tennessee Archaeolo-

gist 1(2) (in press); (with R. Bruce Council)“Antebellum Iron: Bluff Furnace and the EastTennessee Iron Manufacturing Company,”Tennessee Historical Quarterly LIX(3):204-217.

(1) I am fortunate to have been involvedin archaeology in several capacities for overthree decades as an educator, an historic siteresearcher and administrator (both aca-demic- and CRM-based), a member of SHA,and through my service on the Board of Di-rectors and as President of the TennesseeCouncil for Professional Archaeology. Thisdiverse experience provides me with a broadbackground for addressing some of theunique and direct challenges facing the so-ciety today.

(2) Recent attempts in the U.S. House ofRepresentatives to draft harmful amend-ments to the NHPA are a shot across the bowof SHA, and indeed a warning to all archaeo-logical organizations. This is likely to be onlythe first of similar proposals to come thatthreaten historic preservation, and I believeit is critically important that strong, sus-tained, and consistent organizational re-sponses from the archaeological communityare heard on Capitol Hill. The Society hasdone exactly that during this initial salvo,and I very much want to contribute to andsustain that effort. The potential legislativecrisis for archaeology in the U.S. also under-scores the crucial and enduring value of on-going educational efforts by SHA and oth-ers. It is these two areas-legislative and edu-cation initiatives-that I consider to be themost critical of the Society’s numerous con-cerns, and to which I will dedicate much ofmy energy as a member of the Board of Di-rectors.

Harold C. Mytum, D.Phil., FSA. Edu-cation: B.A., Archaeology and Anthropol-ogy, University of Cambridge, 1977; M.A.,Archaeology and Anthropology, Universityof Cambridge, 1981; D.Phil. Archaeology,University of Oxford, 1984. Current Posi-tions: Reader, Department of Archaeology,University of York (1998-present); Director,Castell Henllys Field School (1981-present).Past Positions: Head of Department of Ar-chaeology, University of York (1996-2001);Lecturer, Senior Lecturer, Department ofArchaeology, University of York (1982-1998);James Knott Research Fellow, Departmentof Archaeology, University of Newcastleupon Tyne (1980-1982). Professional Service:Conference Chair for SHA York (2005);Member, Council for British ArchaeologyEducation and Training Committee (2002-present); Editor, Medieval Archaeology (1989-1997); Member and Archaeological Advisor,York Diocesan Advisory Committee for theCare of Churches (1987-present); Member ofthe North York Moors National Park Ar-chaeological Advisory Committee (1984-


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present); committees for SHA, Society forMedieval Archaeology, Rescue, and regionalarchaeological trusts. Research Interests:General historical archaeology, mortuary ar-chaeology, archaeology of western Britainand Ireland, reconstructions and public in-terpretation, archaeology and education.Recent Publications: Mortuary Monumentsand Burial Grounds of the Historic Period, NewYork, Kluwer Academic/Plenum, 2004; “Ru-ral burial and remembrance: changing land-scapes of commemoration,” in The Archaeol-ogy of Industrialization, 2004, edited by D.Barker and D. Cranstone, Leeds, Society forPost-medieval Archaeology Monograph 2;“Artefact biography as an approach to ma-terial culture: Irish gravestones as a mate-rial form of genealogy,” Journal of Irish Ar-chaeology 12/13:113-129.

I feel that I would be able to bring a rangeof experience and expertise to the board thatwould be appropriate at this time when theinterests of the society are being widened. Iwould like to bring a British and Europeandimension to the global vision of the soci-ety, and having met so many members atthe York conference in particular, feel that Ican receive and forward those views effec-tively from all constituencies. I am also veryconcerned that historical archaeology isproperly represented within education at alllevels, and that a widening public under-standing through education is achieved. Thedevelopment of the next generation of pro-fessionals is also necessary, and the creationof support and training at the change fromgraduate to fieldworker needs further exami-nation. My experience in public interpreta-tion programs indicates the great potentialof historical archaeology, and the societyneeds to do more to promote the good prac-tice that exists. This is important in itselfand may also lead to external sponsorshipof Society projects that would further itsaims. The Society has much to be proud of,

but exciting new challenges face the board,and I am prepared to contribute what I canto the evolution of the society to the benefitof members and the wider community.

Margaret Purser, Ph.D. Education: B.A.,Anthropology and History, College of Will-iam and Mary, 1979; M.A., Anthropology,University of California-Berkeley, 1982;Ph.D., Anthropology, University of Califor-nia-Berkeley, 1987. Current Position: Pro-fessor, Department of Anthropology andLinguistics, Sonoma State University (1990-present); Graduate Coordinator, CulturalResources Management M.A. Program,Sonoma State University (2002-present).Past Positions: Department Chair, Anthro-pology and Linguistics, Sonoma State Uni-versity (1998-2002); Director, Sonoma StateUniversity Center for Pan Pacific Exchange,(1994-2000). Professional Memberships andActivities: Society for Historical Archaeol-ogy (1986-present) (member, SHA Trainingand Professional Development Committee,1998-present; member, SHA DissertationPrize Committee (2000-2003); American An-thropological Association (1990-2004), AAAFellow (1992-1994); Society for American Ar-chaeology (1990-present), Invited Partici-pant, SAA Curriculum Reform Task Force(2001); Member, Vernacular ArchitectureForum, (1991-1996); Member, U.S. ICOMOS(2005). Current Research Interests: Built en-vironments and cultural landscapes of thewestern U.S. and broader Pacific basin; ma-terial culture of the American West as a re-gional expression of later capitalist expan-sion, 19th and 20th centuries; comparativeapproaches to Pacific colonialism; compara-tive study of policy frameworks for culturalpreservation, heritage management, heritagetourism, and community revitalization. Re-cent Publications: “The View from the Ve-randah: Levuka Bungalows and the Trans-formation of Settler Identities in Later Colo-

nialism,” International Journal of Historical Ar-chaeology, 2003; “Ex Occidente Lux? An His-torical Archaeology of Later Capitalism inthe Nineteenth Century West,” in The His-torical Archaeology of Capitalism, edited byMark P. Leone and Parker Potter, PlenumPress, 1999; “Keeping House: Women, In-dustrialization, and Changing Uses of Do-mestic Space in the American West,” in Im-ages of an American Land: Vernacular Archi-tecture in the Western United States, 1996; “TheArchaeology of the Post-Colonial PacificRim,” in The Written and the Wrought: Comple-mentary Sources in Historical Archaeology, spe-cial publication of the Kroeber Society Pa-pers, no. 79, University of California-Berke-ley, edited by Margo Winer et al., 1995.

(1) My personal philosophy is that his-torical archaeology is and should be an in-herently inclusive and collaborative field,both intellectually and as a professionalpractice. For example, both my initial aca-demic training and my working life sincehave encouraged me to combine archaeol-ogy with both vernacular architecture andcultural landscape research, and I continueto conduct projects and to teach students inthose areas. I have also had the good for-tune to be able to work extensively with anumber of local communities on an ongo-ing basis. I see this feature of our work as akey distinguishing feature of historical ar-chaeology, and one that increasingly shapesour professional ethics and responsibilities.Working in a graduate-level CRM programhas provided a platform for many of thesecommunity-based projects, both through myown research and through participating inseveral dozen thesis projects over the past15 years. This work has also convinced methat more frequent and more innovativepartnerships between the different constitu-encies of our field, including academic pro-grams, government agencies, private sectorCRM professionals and local communities,is one of the most exciting areas of growthin our field at the moment. And finally, forthe past decade, I have had the opportunityto work in contexts outside the United States,first in Guatemala and now in Fiji. The ex-perience has broadened this sense of inclu-siveness even further, and made me veryinterested in comparing the kinds of policydevelopment and resource managementpractices being developed in other countries,as well as by international bodies likeUNESCO. These often take different ap-proaches to what we would define as “his-torical” sites and periods, and the differencescan be both challenging and insightful.Based on these interests and experiences, mycontributions to SHA would come in threeprincipal areas: (1) expanding the board’s re-gional representation from the westernUnited States, and providing outreach to


BACK TO CONTENTScolleagues in the broader Pacific basin, par-ticularly in Australia, New Zealand, and theisland Pacific; (2) providing outreach and li-aison services directed towards professionalcolleagues in related fields and disciplines,particularly those working with vernaculararchitecture and cultural landscape research,and environmental management, as allies inour efforts to broaden the political base forcultural resource protection and preserva-tion in the United States; and (3) helpingSHA support the increasingly internationalscope and perspective of American-basedhistorical archaeology as a practice.

(2) My priorities as an SHA board mem-ber would be to help the society work to in-tegrate what I see as the three main vectorsof growth and change affecting SHA as aprofessional organization, and historical ar-chaeology as a professional practice. Thesecan be described as three critical challenges:(1) How do we position the society to bestsupport the real work done today by histori-cal archaeologists, which takes place in in-creasingly professionally diverse contexts?Today’s historical archaeology requires thatwe work effectively with everyone fromplanners, engineers, environmental special-ists, and state and federal agency personnel,to our more traditional colleagues fromfields like architectural history, prehistoricarchaeology, and geography. How do webetter educate and inform these colleaguesabout the nature of our field, and how dowe educate ourselves about theirs? And inparticular, how do we take advantage of ourshared commitment to cultural resourcepreservation to make our voices heard moreeffectively in a political climate that is in-creasingly hostile towards our collective pro-fessional work? SHA has a history of out-reach to other professional associations andsocieties, and I would like to work tobroaden that outreach effort significantlyalong these two lines. (2) How do we con-tinue to teach about today’s historical ar-chaeology in contemporary academic pro-grams, which are often challenged by declin-ing resources, and yet increasingly requiredto take on more workload within the uni-versity as a whole? I firmly believe that akey response to this challenge for our fieldis a much greater integration of and mutualsupport for the academic and applied sec-tors of our profession. The successfulcompletion of the SAA curriculum reformproject is a clear indication that much-needed changes in the broader archaeologi-cal curriculum are under way. But muchremains to be done, and a stronger partner-ship between academic programs, govern-ment agencies, and the private sector of ourfield has the potential to transform the waywe prepare the next generation of historicalarchaeologists. Many such partnerships al-

ready exist around the country, and I wouldlike to see SHA serve as a clearinghouse forand/or forum for discussion about the bestpractices these innovative programs havedeveloped. (3) How do we continue to ex-pand the international scope of our Society?Historical archaeology has always been in-herently international in its subject matter,and much of the intellectual developmentof the field in the United States could betraced in terms of an ever-broadening frameof reference for our research. Today thatresearch scope is paralleled by an increas-ingly international framework for policydevelopment and professional activism withregard to cultural heritage issues. Our mem-bership, and the composition of our currentboard of directors, is a testament to SHA’scommitment to engaging in this larger dis-cussion. I would like to work to support andexpand these efforts, particularly with re-spect to the broader Pacific region.

For SHA Nominations and Elections Com-mittee (two at-large positions)

Questions:(1) Given your qualifications and expe-

rience, what do you believe you can contrib-ute to SHA as a member of the 2006 Nomi-nations and Elections Committee?

(2) If elected to the 2006 Nominations andElections Committee, what are the primaryissues that you would emphasize in thenominations process, taking into consider-ation SHA’s missions and goals, ongoingcommittee activities, and the managementand financial challenges of the society?

James Bruseth, M.A., Ph.D., RPA. I amthe director of the Archaeology Division ofthe Texas Historical Commission and alsoserve as a Deputy State Historic Preserva-tion Officer. I have been with the THC since1987, and prior to this was the director ofSouthern Methodist University’s CRM pro-gram. I received my M.A. and Ph.D. fromSouthern Methodist University in 1981 and1987 respectively. I have served on the Boardof Directors of the National Council of StateHistoric Preservation Officers, as well as invarious capacities in local, state, and national(SAA) archaeological societies. I directed theBelle shipwreck excavation from October1996 through April 1997, and have co-authored with Toni Turner the book From AWatery Grave, the Discovery and Excavation ofLa Salle’s Shipwreck La Belle (Texas A&MUniversity Press). I have also directed exca-vations at the French Fort St. Louis site andat other historic and prehistoric sites inTexas, the results of which have appearedin a variety of monographs and journal ar-ticles.

(1) I have 35 years experience in south-

eastern and south-central U.S. archaeology,and I have been active in a wide variety ofarchaeological projects, from CRM-based topure research and from terrestrial to marine.This broad experience allows me to be awareof the major issues facing historical archae-ology-and archaeology in general-and toknow many members of the profession per-sonally.

(2) First and foremost, I will work dili-gently as a committee member to further theobjectives of SHA, and I will devote all thetime necessary to serve the society. Second,as a member of the Nominations and Elec-tions committee, I will seek a broad repre-sentation, both geographically and topically,of candidates for SHA’s elected positions. Ibelieve that such a broad representationstrengthens the organization.

Dena Doroszenko, M.A. Education:B.A., Anthropology, University of Toronto,1980; M.A., Anthropology, University ofToronto, 1984; Ph.D., Anthropology, Univer-sity of Toronto (ABD), 1984-1987. CurrentPositions: Archaeologist, Ontario HeritageTrust (formerly Ontario Heritage Founda-tion) (1987-present). Past Positions: ResearchAssociate, Anthropology Department, RoyalOntario Museum (1998-2003); Curator, Ex-hibition entitled, “Down By The Bay: TheStory of the Ashbridge Family in Toronto,”(July-October 2000), The Market Gallery,City of Toronto; Consulting Associate, Ar-chaeological Services, Inc., (1986); ProjectArchaeologist, Toronto Historical Board,(1982-1984). Professional Service: Board ofDirectors, CNEHA (1990-2005); Secretary,CNEHA Executive Committee (1990-2005);President, Toronto Chapter, Ontario Ar-chaeological Society, Inc. (1985-1988); Boardof Directors, Ontario Archaeological SocietyInc. (2002-2005); Director of MembershipServices, Ontario Archaeological Society,Inc. (2002-2003); Director of Publications,Ontario Archaeological Society, Inc. (2004-2005); Conference Chair, The Society for His-torical Archaeology Conference, Toronto,January 2009. Research interests: Urban ar-chaeology, the archaeology of historic do-mestic sites, public archaeology and historicmaterial culture. Recent publications:“Benares, A Family’s Legacy: The BenaresFarmstead,” in Mississauga: The First TenThousand Years, edited by F. Dieterman,Eastend Books, Toronto; “Burning Down theHouse: The Archaeological Manifestation ofFire on Historic Domestic Sites,” NortheastHistorical Archaeology 30-31:41-52; Chief Edi-tor, Annual Archaeological Report, Ontario(New Series), Volume 12.

(1) My involvement in historical archae-ology for over 20 years has focused on net-working with professionals and academicsacross Canada and the United States, par-


BACK TO CONTENTSticularly at SHA conferences. I feel that as aresult I have a familiarity with individualsin the private and public sector of our pro-fession and would utilize this resource andbackground as a member of the Nominationsand Elections Committee.

(2) As we move from a volunteer-basedsociety to a professionally managed society,the nominations process is essential in en-suring that the slate of nominees accuratelyreflects the organization’s membership pro-file. This has developed over time to be moreand more professionally based and interna-tional in scope which itself is a testament tothe organization’s growth. As the board andcommittees of SHA continue to focus onpolicy, preservation initiatives, and increas-ing public interest and education in historicarchaeology, the Nominations Committee’srole is to ensure that nominees can bring dif-ferent experiences and perspectives to theseissues.

Charles R. Ewen, Ph.D. Education: B.A.,Anthropology, University of Minnesota,1978; M.A., Anthropology, Florida StateUniversity, 1983; Ph.D., Anthropology, Uni-versity of Florida, 1987. Current Position:Professor, Department of Anthropology,East Carolina University (1994-present); Di-rector, Archaeology Laboratories, ECU(1996-present). Past Positions: AssociateProfessor, Department of Anthropology,University of Arkansas (1990-1994); Direc-tor, Sponsored Research Program, ArkansasArcheological Survey (1989-1994); SeniorArchaeologist, Florida Bureau of Archaeo-logical research (1987-1989). ProfessionalService: Associate Editor, Historical Archae-ology (1998-2003); Reviews Editor, HistoricalArchaeology (2003-present); various local andregional archaeological societies. ResearchInterests: Historical archaeology, archaeo-logical methods and theory, public archae-ology, Southeastern North America and Car-ibbean. Recent Publications: co-authoredwith Tom Shields, Searching for the RoanokeColonies, NC Division of Archives and His-tory, 2004; Artifacts, The ArchaeologistsToolkit, Vol. 4, AltaMira Press, 2003; co-authored with J. Hann, Hernando de SotoAmong the Apalachee, University Press ofFlorida, Gainesville, 1998; From Spaniard toCreole, University of Alabama Press, 1991.

(1) My long experience in the field (myfirst dig was in 1973) and especially my re-cent tenure as reviews editor have enabledme to meet or correspond with many of themembership. My experiences in both theacademic and CRM realms have also al-lowed me to interact with a wide range ofarchaeologists. I feel I have a good idea ofthe skills of many of our members and, moreimportantly, who would be willing to usethose skills on behalf of SHA.

(2) I think the primary issue facing thesociety is the direction in which we want togo. As a member of the nominations com-mittee I would work to select a slate that rep-resents the diverse interests of the societyyet share the common goal of making his-torical archaeology accessible to the greatercommunity.

Benjamin L. Ford, M.A., RPA. Educa-tion: B.A., Anthropology, University of Cin-cinnati, 1999; M.A., Anthropology, Collegeof William and Mary, 2001. Current Posi-tion: Ph.D. candidate, Texas A&M Univer-sity (2004-present). Past Positions: ProjectArchaeologist/Supervisor, Public Archaeol-ogy Laboratory (2001-2004); Researcher,Maryland Historical Trust (2000-2001); Con-servation Technician/Archaeological Diver,Lake Champlain Maritime Museum (2000);Field and Laboratory Technician, Naturaland Ethical Environmental Solutions (1998-1999). Professional Service: Organized NewEngland RPA symposium on archaeologicalmapping. Research Interests: General his-torical and maritime archaeology, culturallandscapes and environmental archaeology,application of GIS to archaeology. Publica-tions: “Wooden Shipbuilding in MarylandPrior to the Mid Nineteenth Century,” TheAmerican Neptune 62(1):69-90; “Shipyards,GIS, and Predictive Modeling: An Examplefrom Maryland,” in Science in Historical Ar-chaeology, edited by Timothy James Scarlett,University Press of Florida (forthcoming in2005).

(1) If elected to the Nominations andElections Committee, I will draw on my ex-periences in CRM and background in bothhistorical and underwater archaeology tobest serve SHA. I have spent equal portionsof my career in academic and applied archae-

ology and in terrestrial and underwater ar-chaeology. Consequently, I can fairly andequally represent the interests of many ofthe society’s constituent parties. I am also ayoung member of SHA, and am well suitedto represent the interests of the society’s stu-dent and young professional members. I ameager to serve SHA in any capacity, but hopeto be able to bring my abilities to bear on theneeds of the Nominations and ElectionsCommittee in the coming year.

(2) I believe that SHA is best served byan engaged and dedicated leadership thatis constantly rejuvenated by dynamic andenergetic new members. As a result, I willadvocate for a healthy mixture of experiencelevels within the committees. SHA will con-tinue to prosper only if its membership re-mains strong, and the best means to ensurethe continued support of the next generationof archaeologists is to give them a voice inthe future of the society. Professionalismand accountability within SHA are also im-portant to me and to the future credibility ofthe society, and as a member of the Nomi-nations and Elections Committee I will takean active role in promoting their continueddevelopment among the membership ofSHA.

For Advisory Council on Underwater Ar-chaeology (three positions)

Questions:(1) Given the qualifications and experi-

ence outlined in your biographical state-ment, what do you believe you can contrib-ute to ACUA if elected as an officer or boardmember?

(2) If elected to serve as an officer orboard member, what priorities would youemphasize, taking into considerationACUA/SHA’s missions and goals, ongoingcommittee activities, and the managementand financial challenges of the society?

Jason Burns, M.A. Education: B.A., An-thropology, University of Florida, 1996;M.A., History/Historical Archaeology, Uni-versity of West Florida, 2000. Current Posi-tion: Underwater archaeologist, Georgia De-partment of Natural Resources. Past Posi-tion: Director of Conservation, LighthouseArchaeological Maritime Program (2000-2003). Professional Service: Founder andWebmaster, Underwater Archaeology Jobs,< w w w . g e o c i t i e s . c o m /underwaterarchaeologyjobs/>; Member,Board of the Society for Georgia Archaeol-ogy; Member of the Coastal Georgia Ar-chaeological Society and the Florida Anthro-pological Society. Research Interests: SCRM,public education, 19th-century merchantfleets and their transition from sail to steam,and the expansion of world commerce by


BACK TO CONTENTSshipping nations after 1850. Recent Publi-cation: The Life and Times of a Merchant Sailor:The Archaeology and History of the NorwegianShip Catharine, Plenum Series in Underwa-ter Archaeology, 2003.

(1) I feel that I can contribute my knowl-edge of submerged cultural resources froma state management perspective, bridgingthe ideas of a diverse group of profession-als, avocationals, and students, all of whomhave a stake in national and internationalunderwater archaeology decision making.

(2) Reading through the ethical prin-ciples of SHA, Principle 7 stands out clearly.It states that our collective responsibility isto educate and engage private citizens in theongoing process of archaeological researchand resource protection. I hope to expandthe public education goals of SHA/ACUAthrough targeted publications, the involve-ment of the avocational community and arigorous update of the ACUA Web site. Bykeeping a well-maintained site, we will bebetter able to get the word out about ourprograms and research and consistentlydraw people back to the site with fresh con-tent. I would also like to see the principle ofeducation expanded to include elected andappointed officials at the local and state levelwhose opinions and efforts influence CRMon a day-to-day basis.

Annalies Corbin, Ph.D. Education: B.S.,Anthropology, University of South Dakota,1993; M.A., Maritime History and NauticalArchaeology, East Carolina University, 1995;Ph.D., History and Historical Archaeology,University of Idaho, 1999. Current Positions:Executive Director of the PAST Foundation(2000-present); Assistant Professor of Nau-tical Archaeology, Program in MaritimeStudies, East Carolina University (2001-present). Professional Service: Member,Board of the Journal of Northwest Anthro-pology (JONA); Member, The AdvisoryCouncil of Underwater Archaeology(ACUA); Associate Editor, Historical Archae-ology and Technical Briefs in Historical Archae-ology; book review editor, Historical Archae-ology (2001-2005). Research Interests: nauti-cal archaeology, material culture, and inlandriver transportation and immigration. OtherExperience: Director, numerous field schoolsacross the U.S. Recent Publications: Mer-chants, Mounties and Shipwrecks: The RedCloud on the Missouri River, Texas A&M Uni-versity Press, College Station, forthcomingin 2006; The Material Culture of Steamboat Pas-sengers: Archaeological Evidence from the Mis-souri River, Kluwer Academic Press, NewYork, 2000; several chapters of edited works;articles in Historical Archaeology, InternationalJournal of Nautical Archaeology, DiscoveringArchaeology, and Underwater Archaeology.

(1) My experiences as an archaeologist

have been quite varied-I have been fortunateto have had successes, setbacks, and manyan adventure along the way. This diverseexperience has helped me to see beyond thehere and now, and has contributed to mybroader understanding of the huge taskahead of all interested in protecting and shar-ing the vast cultural resources the world hasto offer. I have been proud to have servedon ACUA for the past several years, andwould be honored to continue that servicewith another term.

(2) I see the number one priority ofACUA and SHA as public education andaccess. Education is vital for sustainabilityof the field of archaeology. By educating thepublic, fellow archaeologists, and consult-ing scientists (geologists, biologists, and thelike) our task as managers of cultural re-sources will be greatly eased. One of the bestways to do this is through developing sus-tainable access with education to culturalresources. Finding a balance between careof a resource and access to the public, how-ever, is often difficult-as a profession wehave to stretch and be creative to redefinethe notion of public access and education.Both can be physical (field schools, muse-ums, hands-on programs), but they can bevirtual as well, and we have barely tappedthis idea as a mode for reaching the massesand educating them about archaeology.

Dolores Elkin, Ph.D. Education: Ph.D.,Archaeology, University of Buenos Aires,1996. Current Positions: Director, Underwa-ter Archaeology Program, National Instituteof Anthropology (since 1996); Researcher,National Research Council (since 1998). PastPositions: Full Professor of Archaeology,National University of the Central Provinceof Buenos Aires (1997-2001), Adjunct Pro-fessor of Archaeology, University of BuenosAires (1998). Professional Service: Govern-ment delegate, UNESCO Convention for theProtection of the Underwater Cultural Heri-tage (1998-2002); Member, Academic Coun-cil, School of Social Sciences, National Uni-versity of the Central Province of BuenosAires (1998-1999). Other Experience: six fieldseasons in charge of cultural heritage aspectswithin Mining Environmental Impact As-sessments (1992-1996). Research Interests:Theory and method in maritime archaeol-ogy; cultural resource management; interdis-ciplinary approaches in archaeology. RecentPublications: “Water: A new field inArgentinean Archaeology,” in InternationalHandbook of Underwater Archaeology, editedby J. Barstad and C. Ruppe, Kluwer Aca-demic-Plenum Publishers, New York, 2002;“Maritime Archeology and UnderwaterCultural Heritage in Argentina. Ongoingwork at the Instituto Nacional deAntropología,” in Protection of Underwater

Cultural Heritage in Latin America and the Car-ibbean, UNESCO, La Habana, 2004; co-authored with C. Murray and D. Vainstub,“The Sloop-of-War HMS Swift. An archaeo-logical approach,” in The Age of Sail-Series:The International Annual of Historic SailingShips, Conway Maritime Press, London,2003.

(1) I believe that my main contributionto ACUA would be to broaden the geo-graphical scope for all the different ACUAmissions, goals, and activities, particularlyamong the Spanish-speaking communitiesof Latin America. I would address topicssuch as the promotion of scientific research,legal protection, education, and cultural re-sources management regarding maritimearchaeology and underwater cultural heri-tage. I would work on the promotion of con-servation-capacity-building programs andinternational networks, on reviewing currentstandards for training in maritime and un-derwater archaeology at different levels, andon the relationship between commercial ar-chaeology and professional codes of ethics.

(2) I would focus on the mutual commit-ment between SHA and ACUA to encour-age responsible cultural resource steward-ship, which should be the underlying prior-ity of any particular initiative. I would there-fore address issues such as ongoing commit-tee activities and the management and finan-cial challenges of the society attempting toprovide creative and positive contributionsin the frame of the development of ethicaland professional standards. Although I amnot as yet familiar with the details of the spe-cific financial challenges facing ACUA andSHA, I am very familiar with the extremefinancial challenges of working in LatinAmerica. Working in such an environmenthas enabled me to develop creative ways ofraising funds. I will therefore endeavor touse my experience to improve the financialposition of ACUA/SHA wherever possible.I am also very well placed to help ACUA/SHA develop Spanish texts for use in theirpublications and Web site which will be im-portant in the organization’s future outreachinitiatives.

Rod Mather, D.Phil. Education: B.A.,History and Philosophy, University ofLeeds, England, 1986; M.A., UnderwaterArchaeology, East Carolina University, 1990;D.Phil., Maritime History, New College,University of Oxford, 1995. Current Posi-tions: Associate Professor of Maritime His-tory, Underwater Archaeology and Archaeo-logical Oceanography, University of RhodeIsland (2002- present); Graduate Faculty,Frank C. Munson Institute for AmericanMaritime Studies, Mystic Seaport, CT. PastPositions: Assistant Professor, Maritime His-tory and Underwater Archaeology, Univer-


BACK TO CONTENTSsity of Rhode Island (1997-2001); Underwa-ter Archaeologist and GIS Specialist, Tide-water Atlantic Research, Washington NC(1990-1991, 1995-1997); Caird Junior Re-search Fellow, National Maritime Museum,London, England (1993-1994); ComputerInterface Engineer, 3D Digital Design andDevelopment, London, England (1986-1987).Professional Service: Associate Editor, His-torical Archaeology (2001-present); Vice-Presi-dent, Foundation for the Preservation ofCaptain Cook’s Ships (1998- present); Cul-tural Resource Representative for the NorthEast Cooperative Ecosystems Research Unit(CESU), Board of Directors, Southern OceansArchaeological Research (1997-present);Board of Directors, Institute for InternationalMaritime Research (1994-present). ResearchInterests: Historical archaeology, underwa-ter archaeology, deepwater archaeology, ar-chaeological oceanography, landscape ar-chaeology, geophysical survey, GIS. RecentPublications: “Geographic Information Sys-tems,” “Ethics,” and co-authored with Gor-don P. Watts, “Public Programs,” in Inter-national Handbook of Underwater Archaeology,edited by Carole V. Ruppé and Jan Barstad,Plenum Press, 2002; “Technology and theSearch for Shipwrecks,” Journal of MaritimeLaw and Commerce, 30(2):175-184. I have alsorecently completed several substantial GISprojects.

(1) I hope to contribute broad knowledgeand an ability to connect the often-disparateparts of our submerged cultural resourceworld. I have extensive experience in un-derwater archaeology as taught in the class-room, practiced in the field, run by privatecontractors, and managed by state and fed-eral agencies. I have been principal investi-gator or co-principal investigator on projectsthroughout the Atlantic rim both on land andin the shallow and deep water. At present, Isit on the board of three non-profit archaeo-logical research institutions and serve SHAas an Associate Editor for Historical Archae-ology. As a member of ACUA, I wouldemphasize international connections andnurture SHA ties across the oceans.

(2) My most important contribution,however, would also serve as my top prior-ity. We need to create stronger ties betweenthe established underwater archaeologicalcommunity and the emerging world ofdeepwater archaeology. I see this task notas a choice, but as a necessity. By a quirk offate, I am almost uniquely positioned tomake an important contribution in this area.The University of Rhode Island now has adeepwater archaeology academic and re-search program that is likely to play a criti-cal role in the trajectory and practice ofdeepwater archaeology for the foreseeablefuture. Over the past two years, I haveworked to develop a scholastic program

with high academic integrity and to ensurethat our research agenda meets, if not ex-ceeds, the discipline’s highest ethical stan-dards. Nevertheless, the way our programemerges from here has far- reaching impli-cations for the study, protection and man-agement of the world’s deepwater sites. Iam convinced that having a voice on ACUAwould help us considerably.

Claire Peachey, M.A. Education: B.A.,Geology, Smith College, 1983; Diploma inArchaeological Conservation, Institute ofArchaeology, London, 1991; M.A., Anthro-pology (Nautical Archaeology), Texas A&MUniversity, 1995. Current Positions: Conser-vator/Archaeologist, U.S. Naval HistoricalCenter, Underwater Archaeology Branch(1998-present, seconded from the NationalPark Service Submerged Resources Center2000-2002); Editor, selected papers forAnatolian Archaeological Studies (Tokyo)(2000-present); guest lecturer since 2000 toarchaeological conservation classes at theUniversity of Delaware Art ConservationProgram and Buffalo State College Art Con-servation Program. Past Positions: HeadConservator, Ulu Burun Shipwreck Excava-tion, Institute of Nautical Archaeology, Tur-key (1994-1998); Archaeologist (seasonal),Ulu Burun Shipwreck Excavation (1987-1993); Conservator, Kaman-Kalehoyuk Ex-cavation, Turkey (1998); Kress ConservationFellow, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford (1991-1992); numerous field seasons on Near East-ern terrestrial sites as student or Area Su-pervisor (1981-1988). Professional Service:Vice President, Washington ConservationGuild (2005-present). Research Interests:Waterlogged artifact conservation, field con-servation, ancient materials technology.Recent Publications: with several authors,“Conservation and Management of Ar-chaeological Collections,” CD publication tobe released September, 2005; with S.McLean, “Artifact Conservation” and “Ar-tifact Analysis,” in USS Housatonic Site As-sessment, National Park Service, forthcom-ing; “Field Conservation on the Housatonicand Hunley Shipwreck Excavations,” CRM24:8-10; “Review of Wendy Robinson, FirstAid for Underwater Finds,” Journal of theAmerican Institute for Conservation 39:275-279;author or editor of issues of Field Notes: Prac-tical Guides for Archaeological Conservation andSite Preservation, Japanese Institute ofAnatolian Archaeology (Ankara); “CapeGelidonya Wreck,” in Encyclopaedia of Un-derwater and Maritime Archaeology, edited byJ. P. Delgado, London, 1997.

(1) I think my main contribution can bein representing and promoting issues relatedto archaeological conservation, both terres-trial and underwater. With a backgroundin archaeology and conservation, I am famil-

iar with both of these related disciplines andcommunities, and can serve, for example, asa liaison between ACUA/SHA and interna-tional professional conservation associa-tions. I am interested in increasing the par-ticipation of conservators at SHA confer-ences, and developing conservation work-shops geared toward the interests of themembership. I have experience writing andspeaking about archaeology and conserva-tion to diverse audiences, so can help to dis-seminate information and can assist withincorporating conservation into the publiceducation efforts of ACUA/SHA.

(2) ACUA/SHA can continue to encour-age every member to be a strong advocatefor the preservation of cultural material,whether to a kindergarten child or a mem-ber of Congress. This is especially impor-tant in a climate of diminishing funding andrapid development. ACUA/SHA can alsoaddress the issues of managing our grow-ing archaeological collections, in part by sug-gesting ways to bring more conservation andcultural stewardship information into edu-cation programs. As a conservator, I wouldbe interested in seeing increased visibilityof conservation research and of the centralrole of conservation in ethical archaeologi-cal practice. Successful measures are beingtaken to meet the management and finan-cial challenges of the society. Looking at thestructure of similar professional societiesmay help to identify further revenue sourcesand savings.

Please take thetime to vote inthe upcomingSHA and ACUAelections, and

on the proposedSHA Bylaws

change!*

* discussed on the next page.


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Proposal to Modify the Bylaws of SHA

At the 18 June 2005 Mid-year Meeting,the board of directors voted to modify theBylaws of the society. As provided for inthe Constitution of The Society for Histori-cal Archaeology, Article VIII, Section 1, thesemodifications will be submitted to the mem-bership for approval during the society’sannual elections.

All members having an email addresswill be notified by headquarters of on-linevoting procedures by email. Members nothaving an email address will receive a bal-lot form by regular mail. Please verify thevalidity of YOUR email address immedi-ately by consulting the members’ section ofour Web site (<www.sha.org>). You maycontact headquarters (<[email protected]>) to ob-tain username and password information foraccess to the members only section.

Modifications are proposed to Article III,Section 6 in order to permit the Treasurer todelegate administrative responsibilities tothe Executive Director in conformity withprocedures recommended by our Auditor inhis annual report. Modifications are pro-posed to Article V in order to create an Ex-ecutive Committee. At their mid-year meet-ing on 18 June 2005 in Rockville, MD, theboard approved a proposal to create an ex-ecutive committee in order to ensure thattime-sensitive issues could be properly dealtwith in the interim between formal meetingsof the board of directors.

Proposed modifications are indicatedbelow by bold and underlined text.

ARTICLE I-MEMBERSHIPSection 1. Each individual member shall

be entitled to vote, hold office, receive en-titled publications, and in all other waysenjoy the privileges of full membership.Adjunct members shall be entitled to thesame privileges as individual members ex-cept publications. An adjunct member isdefined as a spouse of any individual mem-ber who has elected to pay dues, as estab-lished by the board of directors, for mem-bership privileges. Institutional membersshall only receive entitled publications.

Section 2. The annual dues for member-ship shall be determined by the board of di-rectors.

Section 3. Membership shall be for thecalendar year.

ARTICLE II-MEETINGSSection 1. The annual business meeting

shall coincide with the annual meeting of themembers which shall be held at a time andplace to be fixed by the board of directors.Written notice of the time and place of suchmeeting shall be sent to each member of thesociety at least thirty (30) days in advance ofthe date fixed for such meeting.

Section 2. All meetings of the societyshall be conducted according to Robert’sRules of Order, except where the bylaws ofthe society supersede them.

Section 3. Presentations at the annualmeeting shall be consistent with the society’spurpose of promoting scholarly research andwith its ethical principles.

ARTICLE III-OFFICERSSection 1. The president shall be the chief

executive officer of the society and as suchpreside over all meetings of the board of di-rectors or members. The president shallmake certain that all orders and resolutionsof the board of directors are implemented.The president shall have all other such pow-ers not inconsistent herewith as shall fromtime to time be conferred by the board ofdirectors.

Section 2. The president-elect, as actingpresident, shall perform the duties of thepresident in the event of the president’s tem-porary inability to perform that officethrough absence or incapacity. The presi-dent shall notify the president-elect and sec-retary of the reason for, and duration of, thisappointment as acting president. Should thepresident be unable to provide such notifi-cation, the president-elect will become act-ing president upon notification by the sec-retary following agreement by the board ofdirectors. In the event of death, resignation,or impeachment of the president, the presi-dent-elect shall become president, filling theremainder of that term and the usual electedterm.

Section 3. The board of directors shallhave the authority to make interim appoint-ments in the event of a vacancy and shallperform other duties as specified in the by-laws.

Section 4. The editor and newsletter edi-tor shall be responsible for carrying out thepublications program of the society, in ac-cordance with the publication policy estab-lished by the board of directors. The editorshall edit Historical Archaeology and otherpublications of the society. The newslettereditor shall compile The Society for Histori-cal Archaeology Newsletter. The editor and

newsletter editor shall each have an advi-sory committee consisting of not less thanthree (3) members.

Section 5. The secretary shall attend tothe ordinary correspondence of the society;keep minutes of the meetings of the boardof directors, the annual business meeting,and such special meetings that from time-to-time may be held; and see that all noticesare duly given in accordance with the pro-visions of these bylaws. The secretary shallarchive the official papers of the society.

Section 6. The treasurer shall have cus-tody of and be responsible for all funds andsecurities of the society; receive and give re-ceipts for monies due and payable to thesociety from any source whatsoever, anddeposit such monies in the name of the soci-ety in such banks, trust companies or otherdepositories as shall be designated in accor-dance with the provisions of these bylaws.The treasurer shall submit a report of the fi-nancial condition of the society at its annualbusiness meeting, and arrange for an annualreview of the society’s books by a certifiedpublic accountant. If required by the boardof directors, the treasurer shall give a bondfor the faithful discharge of the treasurer’sduties in such sum and with such surety orsureties as the board of directors shall de-termine. The duties of the treasurer maybe assigned by the board of directors inwhole or in part to the executive director.

Section 7. The officers shall perform suchother duties not inconsistent herewith as re-quired by the board of directors.

Section 8. Resignation by any officer shallbe accomplished through notifying theboard of directors. No action by the boardof directors is required.

Section 9. Impeachment and removalfrom office shall be accomplished throughthe board of directors. Any member of theboard of directors may begin impeachmentproceedings. If at least three-fourths (75%)of the members of the board of directors con-cur, that officer shall be removed from of-fice and the vacancy filled as provided in thebylaws. Grounds for impeachment shall bemalfeasance or nonfeasance of office, or vio-lation of the society’s ethical principles.

ARTICLE IV-BOARD OF DIRECTORSSection 1. The management and control

of the property and affairs of the society shallbe entrusted to the board of directors.

Section 2. Two (2) regular meetings ofthe board of directors shall be held, one at

http://www.sha.org



BACK TO CONTENTSthe time of the annual meeting of the societyand another at midyear between the annualmeetings of the membership.

Section 3. A special meeting of the boardof directors may be called at any time by thepresident or upon written request of anythree (3) directors. The secretary shall giveat least thirty (30) days’ written notice of thetime, place, and purpose of such meeting.

Section 4. When a majority of the mem-bers of the board of directors shall consentin writing to any action submitted to all di-rectors by the president, such action shall bevalid corporate action.

Section 5. Two (2) directors shall beelected annually by a mail ballot to serveterms of three (3) years or until their respec-tive successors shall be elected. If a directoris elected as an officer or if a vacancy occursfor any other reason, the candidate on themost recent annual ballot receiving the nexthighest number of votes shall be asked tofill the unexpired term of that vacancy. Ifthat candidate is unable or unwilling toserve, the board of directors shall appoint aperson from the society’s membership to fillthe unexpired term. Should the presidentbe unable to fulfill his/her term, the presi-dent-elect shall assume responsibility forthat unexpired term. The board of directorsshall appoint an interim president-elect fromamong the other officers to fill that unexpiredterm.

ARTICLE V-COMMITTEESSection 1. The standing committees of the

society shall be the Executive Committee,the Budget Committee, Nomination andElections Committee, Editorial AdvisoryCommittee, Newsletter Editorial AdvisoryCommittee, and Conference Committee.The committee chairs shall be appointed bythe president; committee selection may bedelegated by the president to the chairs ofthe committees. The president may estab-lish other committees as needed.

Section 2. The Executive Committeeshall be composed of the president, thepresident-elect, the treasurer, and the sec-retary. Except for the power to amend theArticles of Incorporation and Bylaws, theExecutive Committee shall have all of thepowers and authority of the board of di-rectors in the intervals between meetingsof the board of directors, subject to the di-rection and control of the board of direc-tors. The editor and the newsletter editorshall be consulted for all questions con-cerning their respective publications. Thechair of the committee shall be the presi-dent.

Section 2. 3. The Budget Committee shallannually recommend a budget for the soci-ety. The chair of the committee shall be thetreasurer.

Section 3. 4. The Nomination and Elec-tions Committee shall offer a slate for eachelective office. The two annual directors’vacancies shall be filled by the two (2) can-didates receiving the highest number ofvotes. All members in good standing of thesociety shall be notified of this slate by mailon or before 15 September, and shall be of-fered an opportunity to make additionalnominations. Such additional nominationsshall be supported by five (5) voting mem-bers. At least thirty (30) days after the ini-tial notice of nominations has been mailedto all members, ballots shall be mailed to allmembers in good standing with indicationof the date by which these ballots must bereturned to be valid. This date shall be nomore than thirty (30) days nor less than fif-teen (15) days after the mailing of the bal-lots. All nominees shall be notified of theresults of the election by 1 December.

Section 4. 5. The Editorial AdvisoryCommittee shall assist the editor. The chairof the committee shall be the editor.

Section 5. 6. The Newsletter EditorialAdvisory Committee shall assist the news-letter editor. The chair of the committee shallbe the newsletter editor.

Section 6. 7. The Conference Committeeshall be responsible for the development andoversight of the society’s annual meeting inaccordance with policies established by theboard of directors. The chair of the commit-tee shall be the conference coordinator.

Section 7. 8. Each committee may adoptrules for its own government not inconsis-tent with these bylaws or with rules adoptedby the board of directors, provided, how-ever, that no committee may represent itselfas speaking for the board or the society with-out authorization of the board of directors.

ARTICLE VI-FINANCES AND CONVEY-ANCING

Section 1. The fiscal year of the societyshall correspond to the calendar year.

Section 2. The funds of the society shallbe deposited in the name of the society insuch bank or trust company as the board ofdirectors shall designate and shall be drawnby checks, draft, or other orders for the pay-ment of money signed by the treasurer orby such person or persons as shall be desig-nated by the board of directors.

Section 3. All deeds, mortgages, releases,conveyances, contracts, or other instrumentsof the society authorized by the board of di-rectors shall be executed on behalf of thesociety by the officer or officers of the soci-ety authorized by the board of directors.Said officer or officers shall be authorized toaccept gifts of money or kind on behalf ofthe society and to deposit these with thefunds of the society or hold them in trustpending instructions by the board of direc-tors. Any provision herein notwithstanding,such transactions shall be subject to the lawsof the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

Section 4. No financial obligations in ex-cess of funds available in the treasury shallbe assumed by the board of directors or byany officer on behalf of the society, providedthat for this section, estimated receipts fromannual dues and other accounts receivablefor the current year may be considered asavailable funds.

ARTICLE VII-ETHICAL PRINCIPLESSection 1. All members of The Society for

Historical Archaeology shall subscribe andadhere to the society’s ethical principles asreviewed by the general membership andapproved by the board of directors.

SHA AdoptsNon-Discrimination Policy

The following non-discrimination policy was adopted by the SHA Board ofDirectors at the mid-year meeting in Rockville, MD, on 18 June 2005:

The Society for Historical Archaeology respects the individual and collective rightsof its members and the general public. Therefore, in all activities, publications, orevents sponsored, endorsed, or maintained by the Society, the Society shall notdiscriminate on the basis of age, race, color, ethnicity, national origin, religion, sex,sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, marital status, place of birth,service in the armed forces of the United States, or against individuals with dis-abilities on the basis of disability.


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EDWARD F. “NED” HEITEEdward F. “Ned” Heite was not a man who courted the limelight, but neither was he one to avoid controversy when it

touched upon one of his many passions-he’d speak his mind and leave no doubt as to which side he was on. The Dover nativeand longtime Camden resident passed away quietly April 17 at the age of 66 after an extended illness, leaving behind firm lastwishes that there be no ceremony and only a few spare lines on the obituary page to memorialize him. But despite thoseinstructions, those who knew him well could not let him go without at least a few words. “Ned never wanted the attention, andyet he contributed and he gave to everybody,” said Dan Griffith, the recently retired director of the Division of Historical andCultural Affairs. “He was such a unique guy, we just can’t let him go without some recognition,” said new state Archivist RussMcCabe of the man who, when serving as chief of the state archives, hired him in 1978. Heite had deep roots in Delaware andonce hinted his family was descended from the remnants of Blackbeard’s pirate crew who had settled in old Kent County.

The son of the late Harry and Catherine Heite, he grew up on State Street in Dover, graduated from Dover High School andearned both bachelor’s and master’s degrees in history from the University of Richmond. During a career that stretched overmore than four decades, Heite was a writer, newspaper editor and college instructor as well as one of the state’s most recognizedarchaeologists and experts on Delaware’s early history. In the 1970s, he served as the state’s first historic preservation officer,overseeing some of Delaware’s first entries onto the National Register of Historic Places, and succeeded the legendary Dr. LeondeValinger as state archivist. He left state employment in 1980, forming his own archaeological consulting firm, which he basedin Camden. Despite the illness that was slowly sapping his strength, Heite remained active in his chosen field, attending aregional archaeological conference only weeks before his death.

Heite was an imposing figure, a mustachioed bear of a man in thick glasses topped by a great shock of black hair. No matterwhere he was, he always fit the popular image of the archaeologist, from his ancient Land Rover—memorialized in a goldearring he sometimes wore—to his worn khakis and sturdy sandals. “He was never known for his sartorial splendor. He nevergot dressed up, and when he did, even if it was a suit, it was always rumpled,” McCabe said. In Heite’s case, clothes did notmake the historian, however. “With Ned, what you saw was what you got. He was never one to put on airs or sit in judgment.He was very open-minded,” McCabe said. “He made a tremendous contribution to archaeology in Delaware,” Griffith said,recalling his friend and colleague of 30 years. “I think the depth of his knowledge of the documentary records at the StateArchives and the details he knew of colonial life in Delaware are unrivalled.”

As state archivist, Heite had a style all his own, McCabe recalled—and it wasn’t all business. “He enjoyed a good laugh,though his sense of humor could be a bit abstract at times,” McCabe said, recalling that when the Skylab space station fell fromorbit in 1979, Heite came to work wearing a helmet emblazoned with Skylab emblems—“something you could never imagineLeon deValinger doing. But he was cut from different cloth than Leon.” Heite also became involved in the Camden community.In addition to serving on the Camden Town Council in 1983 and 1984 and on the Planning Commission from 1986 until 1992,he’d turn up at council meetings to express his strongly held opinions, reserving his most thunderous righteous indignation fordevelopments that threatened archaeological sites. “Anybody that’s ever met the guy couldn’t forget him. He had such aneclectic interest in everything,” McCabe said, recalling Heite’s flair for the dramatic as well as his penchant for singing 18th-

DEATH NOTICES

DANIEL HERMAN WEISKOTTENDaniel Herman Weiskotten of Richmond, 45, died unexpectedly on 6 May 2005. Dan was the acting director of the Chester-

field Historical Society. He was the son of Herman Gates Weiskotten Jr. and Kathryn Morrow Weiskotten. He is survived by hiswife, Jennifer Ley Weiskotten.

Dan was born in Syracuse, NY, and lived and worked in upstate New York for most of his life. Dan received his bachelor’sdegree in anthropology and his master’s degree in archaeology and public history from the State University of New York atAlbany, and worked as an archaeologist in New York state prior to moving to Richmond, VA. Dan also worked in Cazenovia atLorenzo State Historic Site and served as the town’s historian. Even after he moved to Virginia, he continued to share hisknowledge of the history of Cazenovia and its past citizens through his Web site: <rootsweb.com/~nyccazen/>. He was amember of the New York State Archaeological Association, Chittenango Landing Canal Boat Museum, the Mount IndependenceCoalition, and a corresponding member of the New York Archaeological Council. His job in Chesterfield County allowed him topursue his lifelong interests in history, archaeology, and education. Dan also volunteered his time and talents to the VirginiaAssociation of Museums and the Citie of Henricus. Dan was happiest exploring old cemeteries and rural byways with his dogs,and in the dirt, whether teaching children about archaeology or gardening. He was a skilled woodworker and was always in themiddle of several projects in his historic Northside Richmond home.

In addition to his wife, Dan is survived by an aunt, four brothers, a sister and several nieces and nephews. Donations in hismemory may be made to the Chesterfield Historical Society.

(Published in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on 9 March 2005)


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century sailors’ drinking songs. “He had this encyclopedic knowledge about the strangest things, particularly any element ofDelaware history. He had some information about just about anything you asked him.”

His personal memories as well as his historical knowledge made him a man to call for information. Most recently, he sharedtales of Kitts Hummock Beach in a 2003 story for the Dover Post, recalling the details of his boyhood summers as well as thebackground of the sleepy bayside community. He dismissed the theory that the beach was named for pirate Capt. Kidd withtypical authority: “Nonsense!” he boomed. As for the Hummock part—“It’s spelled ‘hummock’ but it’s pronounced ‘ham-mock,’” he corrected. A prolific writer, Heite either wrote or co-authored, some with ex-spouse Dr. Louise Heite, more than 200articles and reports on subjects ranging from excavations at a 19th-century Lebanon cannery to a treatise on the types of beeravailable in Iceland. Most recently, he did groundbreaking research into Delaware’s Native American history, which McCabesaid he hopes might be published as part of Heite’s legacy. “He was a very colorful writer,” McCabe added—even in the memoshe sent to archives staff. “And he loved digging for details.” McCabe recalls Heite visited the archives just a week and a half agoto do research and congratulate him on his promotion. “I was particularly touched by the fact that he came,” said McCabe, whoknew his health to be failing. On March 31, his last day of work at the Division of Historical and Cultural Affairs, Griffith said hevisited his old friend for “a little celebration and a chat. “‘We just sat there and talked about archaeology,” he said. “I remembergiving and getting a hug from him. I’m really glad I did that.’”

(Jeff Brown and Joanna Wilson, published in the Dover Post)

CHAT inDublin 2005

CHAT (Contemporary and HistoricalArchaeology in Theory) is a new archaeol-ogy conference group providing opportuni-ties for dialogue to develop among research-ers in the fields of later historical archaeol-ogy and the archaeology of the contempo-rary world. The third annual conference willbe held in Dublin 18 to 20 November 2005under the auspices of the Department ofArchaeology, UCD. The 2005 Dublin con-ference has three themes: “Polite and Ver-nacular Culture”; “Archaeologies of In-equality”; and “Neo-Colonialism and Post-Colonialism.” Aspiring contributors are re-quested to send proposed topics and ab-stracts (150 words) to Tadhg O’Keeffe at<[email protected]> by 1 August 2005,and to indicate the appropriate theme. Forfurther details of CHAT 2005, including de-tails of venue and registration, see <http://www.ucd.ie/archdata/external/events/index.html>.

17th AnnualSymposium

Aloha! The 17th Annual Symposium onMaritime Archaeology and History of Ha-waii and the Pacific will be held 18-20 Feb-ruary 2006 on the Big Island of Hawaii.Conference theme is “Our Voyaging Ances-tors.” The dates for the conference are 18-20February 2006 (President’s Day weekend) atKona Coast, Big Island, Hawaii. Deadlinefor paper submittal is 1 October 2005. Formore information: <http://www.mahhi.org> or email: <[email protected]>.

MidwestHistorical

ArchaeologyConference

Western Michigan University will hosta conference of interest to historical archae-ologists on 24 September 2005 in Kalamazoo,MI. The purpose of the conference is to bringtogether historical archaeologists fromthroughout the Midwest region to discuss aseries of position papers focusing on the his-torical archaeology of the American experi-ence. Proposed topics include alcohol anddrinking, childhood and adolescence, con-sumerism, farmsteads, foodways, and gen-der.

Further information is available on theWMU Department of Anthropology’s Website: <http://www.wmich.edu/anthropol-ogy/>.

FulbrightScholar Awards

2006-2007The Fulbright Scholar Program is

pleased to announce the following awardsin Anthropology and Archaeology and re-lated fields, available in southeastern Europeand the Caucasus.

Georgia—Award # 6188Cyprus—Award # 6251Greece—Award # 6293Turkey—Award # 6392Turkey—Award # 6393Turkey—Award # 6398

The deadline for submission of applicationsis 1 August 2005.

For additional information about theawards and the application process, pleaseconsult the Fulbright Program Web site at<www.cies.org> or contact Cynthia Crow,Senior Program Officer, Europe/Eurasia at202-686-7872 or <[email protected]>.

PLEASE TAKE NOTE!Manuscripts and correspondence (via U.S. mail, private carrier, or email) for SHA‘sjournal Historical Archaeology addressed to former editor Ronn Michael will no longerbe delivered to Ronn due to his retirement from the University, and they will not beforwarded to the new editor or returned to the sender! If you have business with theeditor of the SHA journal, contact current editor Rebecca Allen:

Rebecca Allen, EditorSHA Journal

Past Forward, Inc.PO Box 969

Garden Valley, CA 95633Email: <[email protected]>

Phone: 530-333-4547


http://www.ucd.ie/archdata/external/events/index.html



http://www.mahhi.org



http://www.wmich.edu/anthropology/

http://www.wmich.edu/anthropology/

http://www.cies.org




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2005 Preserve America Presidential AwardsFour 2005 Preserve America Presidential Awards were presented at a White House ceremony. In the Heritage Tourism category, the

two winners were:• Restoration of The Mount: Lenox, MA• Texas Heritage Trails Program: TX

In the Privately Funded Preservation category, the two winners were:• Bolduc Historic Properties—Operational Enhancement: Sainte Genevieve, MO• Isaiah Davenport House Museum: Savannah, GA“The four award winners being honored epitomize the Preserve America goals of preserving, sharing, and putting to productive use

irreplaceable existing reminders of our national heritage,” said John L. Nau, III, chairman of the Advisory Council on Historic Preserva-tion, which helps administer the awards program. “They all have succeeded through building creative partnerships from the local to thenational levels, and in doing so have created models for other efforts across the country.”

The Mount, the 1902 country estate of renowned author Edith Wharton, is a National Historic Landmark that fell into such disrepairthat it became an eyesore and embarrassment to the local community. Edith Wharton Restoration, Inc., purchased and gave new life to theestate through creative partnerships. In 2002, the estate reopened as a meticulously restored villa meeting high standards of historicrenovation. Visitation has increased more than three-fold, and the economic impact has been substantial. An icon of American literaryhistory has been resurrected to instruct and inspire future generations.

The Texas Heritage Trails Program epitomizes the Preserve America goals of creating economic development and educational oppor-tunities at the local and regional level, while creating pride in heritage resources and winning widespread support for their preservationand interpretation. This Texas Historical Commission initiative markets 10 heritage-themed automobile tours as corridors and destina-tions for focusing regional tourism, and provides training and financial assistance to local communities for historic site development andconservation. Tourism has increased about 20% in participating communities.

The Bolduc Historic Properties Operational Enhancement project has increased visitation, economic viability, educational impact,community participation, and support for important remnants of a significant but underappreciated aspect of national history. BolducHistoric Properties maintains three houses in a French Colonial settlement along the Mississippi River that document and interpret theFrench experience in North America. Among them is the circa-1785 Bolduc House Museum, a National Historic Landmark that has beenin the care of the Colonial Dames of America in the state of Missouri since 1950.

The Isaiah Davenport House Museum, dating from the 1820s, is an extremely significant heritage resource for Savannah and Georgia,but the structure additionally is important as an icon of the American historic preservation movement itself. It is cited as the initial projectthat spurred Savannah’s preservation ethic and created the Historic Savannah Foundation in 1955 during the initial struggle to save theirreplaceable structure from demolition. This effort ultimately resulted in the preservation of the 1733 city plan and hundreds of struc-tures now encompassed in a National Historic Landmark District.

The Presidential Awards are one component of Preserve America, a White House initiative that highlights the efforts of President andMrs. Bush to preserve our national heritage. Each year, two awards are given for activities advancing heritage tourism and two awardsare given for privately funded historic preservation projects or programs. This was the second year the Preserve America PresidentialAwards were conferred in May, which is National Preservation Month.

The Preserve America Presidential Awards are given annually to organizations, businesses, government entities, and individuals for:• exemplary accomplishments in the sustainable use and preservation of cultural or natural heritage assets;• demonstrated commitment to the protection and interpretation of America’s cultural or natural heritage assets; and• integration of these assets into contemporary community life, combining innovative, creative, and responsible approaches to show-

casing historic local resources.Mrs. Laura Bush is Honorary Chair of the Preserve America initiative. The recipients are chosen through a national competition

administered by the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation in cooperation with the Executive Office of the President, and in partner-ship with the U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, and Trans-portation; the National Endowment for the Humanities; the President’s Committee on the Arts and Humanities; and the Council onEnvironmental Quality.

110,000+ Records Added to NADB, Reports ModuleThe National Park Service Archeology & Ethnography Program is pleased to announce that it has updated and provided a new look

to the National Archeological Database, Reports (NADB-R) module at<http://web.cast.uark.edu/other/nps/nadb/nadb.mul.html>.NADB-R is a publicly accessible, national bibliographic database of reports on archaeological investigations across the U.S. and its terri-tories.

The database focuses on reports generated by archaeological investigations for public projects, referred to as “gray literature” becausethe reports often are published in small numbers and are of limited distribution. A search on NADB-R is a critical first step in archaeologi-cal project planning, and helps reduce redundancy and increase efficiency in cultural resource management efforts. The National ParkService partners with the State Historic Preservation Offices (SHPOs) and the Center for Advanced Spatial Technologies (CAST) at theUniversity of Arkansas to provide the public with access to NADB-R. This update adds over 110,000 records from 28 SHPOs, CaliforniaInformation Centers, and the Bureau of Reclamation.

NADB-R now includes over 350,000 records. The two-year effort to update NADB-R has resulted in more accurate, full, and up-to-date information. For further information, please contact Terry Childs at 202-354-2125 or <[email protected]>.

http://web.cast.uark.edu/other/nps/nadb/nadb.mul.html



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ACUA Photo CompetitionEach year the ACUA in-

vites all SHA members toparticipate in the annual Ar-chaeological Photo FestivalCompetition held duringthe SHA Conference on His-torical and Underwater Ar-chaeology. In an effort tobetter highlight the photo-graphic skills of our col-leagues, winning imageswill be included in issues ofthe Newsletter in addition tobeing posted on the ACUAWeb site (<www.acuaonline.org>). Thisyear’s 1st Place winner inCategory B, Color FieldWork is Alexis Catsambis,Department of Anthropol-ogy, Texas A&M Universityfor the color photograph“Expectation.”

Winners in Category Fwill appear in the Fall issue.

The ACUA invites allSHA members to participate in the next annual Archaeological Photo Festival Competition to be held in Sacramento, CA, 10-14January 2006. Entries must be received by 1 December 2005. Details, fees, and entry forms will be posted on the SHA Web site.

The Seat of the ReformationBy Kate Connolly in Wittenburg

German archaeologists have discov-ered the lavatory on which Martin Lutherwrote the 95 Theses that launched theProtestant Reformation.

Luther frequently alluded to the factthat he suffered from chronic constipa-tion and that he spent much of his timein contemplation on the lavatory. Ex-perts say they have been certain for yearsthat the 16th-century religious leaderwrote the groundbreaking Ninety-FiveTheses while on das klo, as the Germanscall it. But they did not know where theobject was until they discovered thestone construction after recently stum-bling across the remains of an annex ofhis house in Wittenberg, south-west ofBerlin, during planning to plant a gar-den.

“This is a great find,” Stefan Rhein,the director of the Luther MemorialFoundation said, “particularly becausewe’re talking about someone whose textswe have concentrated on for years, while

little attention has been paid to anythingthree-dimensional and human behind them.

“This is where the birth of the Reforma-tion took place.

“Luther said himself that he made hisreformatory discovery in cloaca [Latin for “inthe sewer”]. We just had no idea where thissewer was. Now it’s clear what the Reformermeant.”

What makes the find even more fittingis that at the time, fecal language was oftenused to denigrate the devil, such as “I shiton the devil” or “I break wind on the devil.”Professor Rhein said: “It was not a very po-lite time. And in keeping with this, neitherwas Luther very polite.”

The 450-year-old lavatory, which wasvery advanced for its time, is made out ofstone blocks and, unusually, has a 30-cm-square seat with a hole. Underneath is acesspit attached to a primitive drain. Otherinteresting parts of the house remain, includ-ing a vaulted ceiling, late-Gothic sandstonedoor frames and what is left of a floor-heat-

ing system. This presumably gave Lutheran added source of comfort during the longhours he spent in contemplation.

Luther, who was professor of biblicaltheology at Wittenberg University, nailed histheses to the church door at Wittenberg, at-tacking the corrupt trade in indulgences.The act led to his excommunication but hewas protected by Frederick II of Saxony andwas able to develop and spread his ideas,which he saw as much more than a mererevolt against ecclesiastical abuses but as afight for the Gospel.

Professor Rhein said the foundationwould prevent the 80,000 visitors who ar-rive in Wittenberg each year in search of thespirit of Luther from sitting on the lavatory.“I would not sit on it. There’s a point whereyou have to draw the line,” he said.

Copyright of Telegraph Group Limited2004. Reprinted with permission. Thanksto Geoff Carver for posting this on Histarch.

http://www.acuaonline.org

http://www.acuaonline.org


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As part of the ongoing effort by UNSECOto encourage understanding and ratificationof the UNESCO Convention on the Protec-tion of the Underwater Cultural Heritage,numerous regional workshops are beingheld. The most recent was the “The Experts’Seminar”-Workshop on UNESCO Conven-tion for the Protection of Underwater Cul-tural Heritage, Latin America and the Car-ibbean, which took place from 29 Novem-ber to 1 December 2004 in Bogotá, Colom-bia. Organized by UNESCO and the Colom-bian Ministry of Culture, the event waschaired by Mrs. Adriana Mejía Hernández,Vice-minister in charge of the functions ofthe Minister of Culture, and Mr. GustavoLópez, Director of UNESCO’s Regional Of-fice for Information and Communication inLatin America and the Caribbean.

Participants from 16 countries gatheredat the Salón Bolívar in the Ministry of For-eign Affairs at the Palacio de San Carlos.There were five sessions: (1) “NormativeAspects of the Protection of UnderwaterCultural Heritage”; (2) “The New Interna-tional Archaeological Regime for the Protec-tion of Underwater Cultural Heritage: TheAnnex”; (3) “Making the Public Sensitive tothe Importance of Protecting UnderwaterCultural Heritage”; (4) “Institutional Aspectsof the Protection of Underwater CulturalHeritage”; and (5) “Discussion and Adop-tion of Recommendations.” The seminar-workshop brought together delegates fromArgentina, Bahamas, Brazil, Colombia,Cuba, Chile, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,El Salvador, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico,Netherlands Antilles, Panama, Peru, andVenezuela.

Formal presentations to the assemblyincluded talks by the following: GuidoCarducci, Chief of UNESCO’s InternationalRules Section, Cultural Heritage Division,who gave “The 2001 Convention Generaland Special Regimes”; Robert Grenier, Presi-dent of the ICUCH/ICOMOS, who gave“Fundamental Principles of UnderwaterArchaeology Contained in the Annex and InSitu Preservation”; Tatiana Villegas, ICUCHAdvisor, who gave “How to Generate Citi-zen Consciousness concerning the Value ofUnderwater Cultural Heritage”; and ArielGonzález, from the Argentinean Ministry ofForeign Affairs, who gave “Under the Signof Cooperation: The Institutional Mechanismfor the Protection of Underwater Cultural

UNESCO Underwater Cultural Heritage Seminarin Bogotá, Colombia

Pilar Luna ErreguerenaUnderwater Archaeology Area/INAH

Heritage—The Case of Argentina.”Experts from different countries pre-

sented their national reports: DamiánVainstub, Argentina; Gilson Rambelli, Bra-zil; Diego Carabias, Chile; GonzaloCastellanos, Colombia; Ieteke Witteveen,Curaçao; and Enrique Álvarez Tostado andPilar Luna Erreguerena, Mexico.

This seminar-workshop greatly clarifiedthe Convention’s transnational import andthe need for ratification by all countries inthe region so that it can take effect. Duringthe meeting all participants presented veryrealistic reports about the situation in theircountries regarding underwater culturalheritage, both in legal terms as well as in re-lation to their human, technical, and eco-nomic resources. Conference attendeesclosed the seminar-workshop with the adop-tion of a series of recommendations for fu-ture action:

RECOMMENDATIONS OF BOGOTA

The participants of The Experts’ Semi-nar-Workshop on UNESCO Convention forthe Protection of Underwater Cultural Heri-tage, Latin America and the Caribbean, re-specting the specificity of their respectivecountries, met in Bogotá, from 29 Novem-ber to 1 December 2004, thanks to the invalu-able assistance of Colombia’s Governmentand UNESCO,

Recommend:

1. That Latin American and Caribbeancountries which have not ratified theUNESCO Convention for the Protection ofUnderwater Cultural Heritage be encour-aged to start the process toward ratification,in order to improve protection of the region’sunderwater cultural inheritance. For thispurpose, it will be necessary that all partici-pants here gathered communicate, to therelevant authorities of their respective coun-tries, the advantages of adherence to theConvention.

2. That where the process of ratificationhas been completed, it is important for thosecountries to:

a) Adhere to their internal practices con-cerning the objectives and principles of theConvention, and also its Annex;

b) Create sufficiently stringent sanctionsagainst all illicit activities affecting under-

water cultural heritage;c) Promote and enforce, correspond-

ingly, a specific institutional scheme for theprotection of underwater cultural heritage,and a multidisciplinary strategy taking intoaccount the advice of experts and institutionswith demonstrated moral and academic in-tegrity;

d) Promote and enforce the active par-ticipation of the public, foundations, privateentities and communities in the protectionof underwater cultural heritage, in confor-mity with the Convention and its Annex,without compromising the principle of non-commercialization of this heritage.

3. That with the same objective,UNESCO shall encourage, along withICUCH/ICOMOS and other concerned en-tities, initiatives to identify and promotepractices in archaeological investigation thatguarantee the protection of underwater cul-tural heritage and that develop the neces-sary financial resources.

4. That the governments consider thematter of protection of underwater culturalheritage, in their plans of bilateral and mul-tilateral cooperation.

5. The support of the less-developedcountries of the region, in terms of logistics,investigation, and inventory. In particularthe experts of our countries will work to fos-ter the exchange of knowledge and practicesconcerning the protection of underwatercultural heritage.

6. The promotion of programs designedto raise public awareness, through the par-ticipation of universities, the media, non–governmental organizations, and other en-tities.

7. That the projects of underwater archae-ologists, curators, restorers, and others in-volved in the management of submergedcultural resources be coordinated, and thatthe exchange of information and the trans-ference of technologies between interestedcountries be encouraged.

8. That the underwater cultural heritageof our region be understood to include thecultural heritage of all peoples, not only na-tive but also those coming from other regionsof the world, particularly Africa.

9. That interregional relationships inLatin America and the Caribbean be encour-aged, in order to develop a regional conceptof underwater archaeology, with methodsspecific to our context.


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Images of the PastDigging Up Henry David Thoreau

Controversial archaeologistRoland W. Robbins uses histrademark “prodding” orprobe rod at the site ofThoreau’s Walden Pondcabin in 1946. Note thestone cairn, begun byBronson Alcott in the 1870s,in the upper right. Duringan often stormy but impor-tant career that lasted intothe early 1980s, Robbins ex-cavated sites including theSaugus Iron Works,Philipsburg Manor UpperMills, John Alden House,and Shadwell, Jefferson’sbirthplace. The story ofRobbins’ career and its in-tersection with the historicpreservation movementand the nascent disciplineof historical archaeologyhas been recently told byDonald W. Linebaugh inThe Man Who FoundThoreau: Roland W. Robbinsand the Rise of Historical Ar-chaeology in America(Hanover, NH: UniversityPress of New England,2005).

Photo courtesy of theRoland Wells Robbins Col-lection, the Thoreau Soci-ety, Lincoln, MA, and theThoreau Institute at WaldenWoods.


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The First 10 Years

Timothy A. Tumberg,Former Chair

At the 2005 conference in York, the SHAStudent Subcommittee completed a transi-tion from the last few individuals who havebeen involved with the subcommittee vir-tually from its inception, to a dynamic younggroup that will lead the committee into thefuture. A summary of Student Subcommit-tee activities was provided in the Summer2002 Newsletter, but it may be useful to pro-vide a brief recap here, in conjunction withplans and goals for the future.

2005 marks the beginning of the seconddecade of existence for the Student Subcom-mittee. In its first 10 years, the subcommit-tee has progressed from an idea conceivedby a few graduate students (thanks largelyto Syracuse University for that conception)to an officially recognized branch of the Aca-demic and Professional Training Commit-tee. As stated early on, the specific goal ofthe Student Subcommittee is to facilitatecommunication and interaction between andamong students of historical archaeology.

Among the more visible and successfulStudent Subcommittee achievements to dateare the various student-oriented activitiesthat take place each year at the SHA annualmeeting. These events include the SHA PastPresidents student reception, where studentshave the opportunity to meet and interactwith Past Presidents of the Society as wellas current board members, and the StudentForum, a symposium organized each yearwith the intent to address specific issues ofconcern or interest to students. The StudentSubcommittee has also traditionally assistedwith annual updates to the Guide to Gradu-ate Programs in Historical and UnderwaterArchaeology.

Not every idea has been an unmitigatedsuccess, of course. Examples of suggestionsthat might fall into the category of things that“seemed like a good idea at the time,” forinstance, were efforts to establish a roomshare/ride share program or to provide listsof cheaper lodging available near conferencehotels, to ease the cost of conference atten-dance. As those ideas were passed on fromthe Student Subcommittee, we were in-formed that due to issues of liability or legalcontractual obligations with hotels, we couldnot advertise such options as official SHA

SHA Student Subcommittee Report

undertakings.One student-sponsored activity that is

still in its infancy but appears to have a sig-nificant upside is the Voyager Program,which matches first-time conference attend-ees with SHA members who are conferenceveterans. The idea is to ensure that first-tim-ers have seasoned allies who can introducethem around so they are not so over-whelmed by the initial conference experi-ence. The program has had rather spottysuccess in its first few years, but the hope isthat as it becomes more established, it willbe more widely publicized and more activelyused.

Perhaps the single most frustrating as-pect of Student Subcommittee efforts in thepast is the continual struggle to spread theword about the committee more efficiently.It is not uncommon to meet students whoare either unaware of the Student Subcom-mittee, that it exists to act on their behalf,and that they are welcome to contact com-mittee members (listed in the SHA Newslet-ter and on-line) and attend committee meet-ings. Hopefully the recent establishmentand active promotion of an SHA studentmember listserve will help alleviate that is-sue. With that, I would like to wish newStudent Subcommittee Chair LindaZiegenbein and the other committee mem-bers the best of luck, and I am supremelyconfident they will continue to build on thefirst 10 years and achieve even more successon behalf of SHA students in the years tocome.

Future Visions

Linda Ziegenbein,Current Chair

Hello everyone, my name is LindaZiegenbein and I am the current chair of theStudent Subcommittee. I am excited aboutthe current state of the subcommittee andhope to continue the example set by the pre-vious chairs, but I also believe that the timeis ripe to foster conversation about futuredirections for our subcommittee. Below, Ilay out some of my suggestions for areas inwhich our subcommittee can grow. Any-one interested in contacting me directlyabout their ideas or suggestions may emailme at <[email protected]>, orsend a message across our listserve (see be-low). I look forward to working with all of

you to ensure our continued success.The first challenge is to find effective

means of communicating with students inthe SHA about the subcommittee. Two yearsago Alicia Valentino, a subcommittee mem-ber, organized and started a listserve for allstudent members of the Society. Althoughusage in the first year was infrequent, I hopethat it can be used to keep students aware ofthe activities of the subcommittee, to sug-gest ways of becoming involved in the SHA,and, most importantly, to communicate withone another about our research and inter-ests.

Additionally, I know that money is a con-cern for student members and we are tryingto think of ways to work with our parentorganization to reduce the cost of member-ship. An idea that I will present is havingthe option of a “no journal” membership,where in return for not receiving HistoricalArchaeology, we would pay a reduced fee. Ialso think we should continue brainstorm-ing on how to reduce costs of attending con-ferences without making the SHA legallyvulnerable, and how to increase studentpresence at the conferences.

Currently, we communicate with stu-dents in the SHA primarily through ournewsletter columns and the conference forathat we organize. Past topics for these forahave included: “Getting your Work Pub-lished,” “Alternative Careers in Archaeol-ogy,” “Conducting Fieldwork Abroad,” and“Ethics and Fieldwork.” Our topic for theupcoming conference in Sacramento is“Funding your Research.” I know that thisis a subject of great concern for us and hopethat you will all decide to attend.

In addition to the current challenges weface, I believe that the Student Subcommit-tee can be a mechanism for student advo-cacy. For instance, the SHA’s Statement ofEthics, which was updated in 2003 and avail-able at <http://www.sha.org/About/ethics.htm>, while addressing our ethicalresponsibility to our profession, the peoplefor whom we work, and, to an extent, thepeople we study, does not deal with the ethi-cal responsibilities of professors and em-ployers to their students and workers. Thisis an issue I hope can be addressed in thenear future.

Finally, I believe that we must increasethe presence of students of color in our sub-committee as well as our larger professionalorganization. Although data are not col-lected by the SHA, the American Anthropo-


http://www.sha.org/About/ethics.htm

http://www.sha.org/About/ethics.htm


BACK TO CONTENTSlogical Association’s “1998 Biennial Surveyof Anthropology Departments in the UnitedStates” estimates that non-whites compriseless than 10% of the archaeologists in anthro-pology departments. We should be part ofany dialogue to address why so few studentsof color decide to pursue archaeology as acareer and why many who are in the acad-emy continue to feel marginalized.

Thank you for giving me this opportu-nity to chair the subcommittee. I hope tosee its continued success and eagerly antici-pate its future directions. See you all in Sac-ramento!

Call for PapersThe View from Here: Cultural History and Ecology of the North Atlantic Region

Université Laval, Québec, Canada -- September 2006

A multidisciplinary, international conference on the cultural history and ecology of the North Atlantic Region is planned for lateSeptember 2006 in Québec City, Canada. This call is extended to both researchers and students working in archaeology, historicaland cultural geography, palaeoecology, anthropology, and other related disciplines. This call is also directed to researchers andstudents active on North Atlantic Biocultural Association Projects and those of the Landscapes circa Landnám progamme. Papers areexpected to fit into the suggested themes below to encourage exchange and discussion from all sides of the Atlantic. Methodologicalpapers or geographically limited subjects which do not respond to the conference themes may be presented as posters. Studentswishing to present their proposed graduate research and preliminary results are strongly encouraged to pursue this option forinclusion in the poster sessions. Some financial support to encourage student participation will be available.

Proposed sessions are (but not limited to):1. Economic Decision-Making in the Context of Instability2. Early World Systems and Multinationals of the North Atlantic: Tales of Fish, Furs and Whales3. Colonization of Landscapes and Anthropogenic Change in Northern Landscapes4. Dynamics of Small-Scale Societies5. Physical Landscape Change during the Holocene6. The North Atlantic Climatic System

Please send a 100-150-word abstract, suggested session (if applicable—no session required for poster), and indicate whether you wishto present a paper or a poster by 1 October 2005 to one of the conference co-chairs, Allison Bain (<Allison.Bain@ hst.ulaval.ca>) or JimWoollett (<[email protected]>).

ESAF ConferenceCall for Papers and Announcement

The 72nd Annual Meeting of the Eastern States Archeological Federation (ESAF) will be held in Williamsburg, VA on 9-12 November2005 hosted by the Archaeological Society of Virginia. Mark your calendar and make plans to attend, because ESAF meetings are alwaysentertaining, informative, and provide a place to give reports of your archaeological activities and research investigations. ESAF is aworld of archaeology where you can meet old friends and make new ones. Also, the meeting will be located within walking distance toColonial Williamsburg—bring the whole family. Banquet speaker is Michael B. Collins (University of Texas) who will discuss “FindingFirst Americans—Archeology’s Challenge for the 21st Century.”

This is the final call for sessions/papers, posters and displays, book room reservations, and tour reservations (Thursday 1:00-4:00, anhistoric site, reservations required).

The Meeting hotel is Best Western Patrick Henry Inn, phone: 800-446-9228; York and Page Streets (Route 60E), Williamsburg, VA.room rate: $59.00 (all rooms, mention ESAF and dates, and register early).

Abstracts deadline is 1 September 2005 and should be sent to Michael B. Barber (Program Chair), Jefferson National Forest, 5162Valleypointe Parkway, Roanoke, VA 24019. Phone: 540-265-5211; Fax: 540-265-5145; Email: <[email protected]>.

Book and display room (sales table $25.00 each; display tables are free, apply early) reservations and information are available fromHarry A. Jaeger (Book Room Manager), 3914 Forestford Road, Richmond, VA 23294. Phone: 804-273-0247; Email:<[email protected]>.

To register and for additional information and conference fees, go to the ESAF Web site <www.esaf-archeology.org>.

New National Register ListingsReported by Erika Seibert

The following archaeological properties were listed in the National Register of HistoricPlaces during the first quarter of 2005. For a full list of National Register listings everyweek, check “Recent Listings” at <http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/nrlist.htm>.

Maryland, Baltimore County. Hampton National Historic Site. Additional documentationapproved 11 March 2005.Massachusetts, Essex County. Portland (Shipwreck). Listed 13 January 2005.New York, Suffolk County. Town Doctor’s House and Site. Listed 5 January 2005.Washington, Mason County. taba das. Listed 16 February 2005.Wisconsin, Milwaukee County. Appomattox (Shipwreck). Listed 20 January 2005.





http://www.esaf-archeology.org

http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/nrlist.htm


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From 27 June to 1 July 2005 the Societyfor Post-Medieval Archaeology’s AnnualConference will be held on the island ofNevis in the eastern Caribbean—and will fo-cus on the historical archaeology of the co-lonial or shared landscapes of the Caribbean.This is the first time that the Society’s An-nual Conference has been held outside theBritish Isles.

The conference will provide a unique op-portunity to combine a visit to the easternCaribbean with learning about recent ar-chaeological research in the region. The con-ference is open to all.

The conference program will include twodays of field visits to sites on Nevis and thenearby island of St. Kitts (St. Christopher),and the option of participating in a field visitto the island of St. Eustatius (Statia).

Papers:

Colonial Landscapes Of The CaribbeanThe early 16th-Century Spanish Sugar

Industry in the Caribbean. Robyn Wood-ward, Simon Fraser University, British Co-lumbia, Canada

Cartography of the 17-18th-centuryCaribbean. Gillian Hutchinson, NationalMaritime Museum, UK

850 acres, 25 archaeological sites, 4 ar-chaeologists, 1 island: The Guana Island Ar-chaeological Project. Mark Kostro and oth-ers, College of William and Mary,Williamsburg, U.S.

Searching for Governor Daniel TuckersMansion: The First Season of Excavation.John Triggs and Clifford E. Smith, WilfridLaurier University, Waterloo, Ontario,Canada

Archaeological landscape survey andcommunity/educational programme onNew Providence in the Bahamas. AndreaBradley, ATKINS Heritage, UK

“Pausing for a smoke:” the use of pipesin mapping the colonial landscape of theCaribbean. David Higgins, University ofLiverpool, UK

African-Caribbean ArchaeologiesEnslaved African Landscapes in the Car-

ibbean: Architecture and Provision Groundsin Comparative Perspective. R. GrantGilmore, St. Eustatius Center for Archaeo-logical Research, St. Eustatius, West Indies

Guadeloupe - Ceramics and present dayidentity. Kenneth Kelly, University of SouthCarolina, U.S.

Poster Session: Afro-Caribbean potteryon Nevis. Elaine Morris, Nevis HeritageProject, University of Southampton, UK

The strategic use of consumer goods byenslaved people in the 18th-century Chesa-peake: a trial synthesis. Fraser D. Neimanand Jillian Galle, University of Virginia, U.S.

Moving in Two Directions on St. John,Danish West Indies: The Emergence of FreeHoldings in an era of Estate Consolidation.Douglas V. Armstrong and Mark M. Hauser,Syracuse University and DePaul University,U.S.

Memory, Archaeology, and a DiasporicPast. Kenneth G. Kelly and Mark M. Hauser,University of South Carolina and DePaulUniversity, U.S.

“Little tubes of mighty power:” how claytobacco pipes from Port Royal, Jamaica, re-flect socioeconomic change in seventeenth-century English culture and society. Geor-gia Fox, California State University, Chico,U.S.

Colonial Archaeology in theGreater Caribbean

The Capabilities and Limits ofGeorgianization in the Greater Caribbean.Christa Dierksheide, University of Virginia,U.S.

Tropical Similarities Found in MilitaryBarracks, Hospitals and Other Structuresfrom the Caribbean to the British Florida Par-ishes. Philippe Oszuscik, University ofSouth Alabama, U.S.

Architecture and climate: using Angli-can churches to gauge the English responseto heat, hurricanes, and earthquakes in theCaribbean. Louis Nelson, University of Vir-ginia, U.S.

London, capital of empire: some archaeo-logical reflections. Geoff Egan, Museum ofLondon, UK

The Colonial Landscape of St. KittsChanging Technology: A Visual Intro-

duction to the Sugar Industry on St. Kitts andNevis. Phil Dunning, Parks Canada

Enslaved Africans at the Brimstone HillFortress, St. Kitts, West Indies. Gerald F.Schroedl, University of Tennessee, U.S.

Glassware from Brimstone Hill FortressNational Park, St. Kitts, West Indies. GretaJ. Gomez and Todd Ahlman, University ofTennessee, U.S.

Human Skeletal Remains from Brim-stone Hill Fortress National Park, St. Kitts,West Indies. Elizabeth A. DiGangi, Univer-sity of Tennessee, U.S.

Assessing Enslaved African Diet at Brim-stone Hill, St. Kitts. Walter E. Klippel, SarenaCleeton, and Alex Bentley, University ofTennesse & University College, London

Afro-Caribbean Ware and the Study of

Cultural Identity at the Brimstone Hill For-tress, St. Kitts, West Indies. Todd Ahlman,University of Montana, U.S.

A Survey of St. Mary Cayon, St. KittsRob Philpott, National Museums

Liverpool, UKSt. Kitts Scenic Train: Journey into an

Island’s Heritage. William C. Found, YorkUniversity, Canada

The Colonial Landscape Of NevisFacts, Fiction, and Fable: The fate of

Jamestown on Nevis. Eric Klingelhofer,Mercer University and Carter Hudgins,Mary Washington College, U.S.

Coconut Walk and New River. JimChiarelli, Earthwatch, U.S.

Fueling the Fire: An Examination of Co-lonial Caribbean Fuel Sources. Sean Britt,Boston University, U.S.

Poster Session: A feasibility study for thevegetation history of Nevis. GemmaSwindle and Nick Branch, Royal HollowayUniversity of London, UK

Ceramics and Ceramic Use on a Carib-bean Island. David Barker, Stoke-on-TrentArchaeology Service, UK

A Caribbean Context for the World-Sys-tem: A Case Study in Seventeenth and Eigh-teenth-century Economic and Social Interde-pendency. Marco Meniketti, Michigan Tech-nological University, U.S.

Nevis: the 17th- and 18th-century archi-tecture Daphne. Degazon Hobson, GeorgiaInstitute of Technology, U.S.

Understanding Nevis: ArchaeologicalField Survey in a Post-Colonial landscape.Roger Leech, Nevis Heritage Project, Uni-versity of Southampton, UK

The Conference Tours

(note: the conference tours may have to omitcertain sites if time and access prove to beproblematic)

Nevis: The all-day Nevis tour will pro-vide an overview of the historical archaeol-ogy of Nevis, and will include a circuit ofthe complete round island road. Urban, portand defense sites will include Charlestown,the island capital (with the Nevis HistoricalSociety’s two museums and Fort Charles),Jamestown, and Fort Ashby. We will visita variety of plantation sites to include NewRiver, Coconut Walk, Golden Rock, Hermit-age (with its surviving 17th-century openhall house), and Montpelier. A visit to theMountain Plantation above Herbert Heightswill provide an unforgettable excursion intothe higher forest and a visit to a well-pre-

Provisional Program: SPMA 2005 Nevis


BACK TO CONTENTSserved 17th-century plantation site on theslopes of Nevis Peak. We will also be in-cluding visits to some of the island churches.

St. Kitts: We will leave for St. Kitts onthe morning ferry—a short but wonderfulsea journey between the two islands. Theall-day tour of St. Kitts will provide an over-view of the island’s historical archaeologyand will include a circuit of the completeround island road. Urban, defense, and portsites will include Basseterre, the island capi-tal (with the St. Christopher Heritage Soci-ety in the old Treasury Building), the WorldHeritage Site fortress of Brimstone Hill, andDieppe Bay (the Golden Lemon Hotel, in-corporating a French planter/merchant’s

house and warehouse). We will visit a vari-ety of plantation sites including some ofWingfield, Eldridge (with its Palladian sugarworks), Hermitage (for the slave village site),and Whites. We will also be including vis-its to one or more of the island churches.

St. Eustatius: The Friday visit to St.Eustatius will be by sea from Nevis, mostlyin the lee of Nevis and then St. Kitts, withmany breathtaking views of the islands andperhaps dolphins and flying fish. The visitto St. Eustatius is being organized by the St.Eustatius Center for Archaeological Re-search (Web site <http://www.secar.org>)and promises to be one of the highlights ofthe conference. To book a space on this visit

go direct to the SECAR Web site. Any re-maining spaces may be available for book-ing at the commencement of the conference.

For futher information and registration de-tails, contact the conference organizers:

Professor Roger H. Leech, School of Hu-manities (Archaeology), University ofSouthampton, Highfield, SOUTHAMPTON,SO17 1BF, UK, Email: <[email protected]>;

Bruce Williams, Bristol and Region Ar-chaeological Services, St Nicholas Church,St Nicholas Street, BRISTOL, BS1 1UE, UK,Email: <[email protected]>.

Mark Your CalendarSHA 2006

Get ready to experience “Life on the Edge” at the 2006 Conference on Historical and Under-water Archaeology in Sacramento, CA 11-15 January 2006.

In commemoration of such disparate but related events as the 100th anniversaries of the An-tiquities Act and the San Francisco Earthquake, the 2006 SHA conference will investigate theedges of empires, oceans, disasters, technologies, innovations, partnerships, and cultures.

Join your friends andcolleagues as we explorethe edges of archaeologicalinquiry with a fascinatingdemonstration by forensicsearch dogs on Wednesdaynight; a far-reaching andforward-looking thematicplenary session on Thurs-day morning; and a collec-tion of informative papers,posters, workshops, andtours throughout the con-ference.

More information willbe published in the Fall/Winter issue of the Newslet-ter, and is available at theSHA Web site,< w w w . s h a . o r g > .





http://www.sha.org


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FEMA-funded Work at Historic Archaeological Sitesand Landscapes, 2004 Hurricane Season

Prepared by Lydia Kachadoorian, FEMA headquarters, November 2004

FloridaProperty Name and Location: Old Fort Park, Ft. Pierce, FLProperty Owner: City of Ft. PierceHistoric Designations: National Register of Historic PlacesProperty Function and Description: Historic fort and Indian burial mound/city park; before the erection of Fort Pierce, this area was thesite of a substantial Indian village. An Indian burial mound, approximately 25 ft. high, still survives in the southwest corner of the park.Once Fort Pierce was established in 1838, it served to support expeditions into Florida’s interior during the Second Seminole War. It wasabandoned not long after, in 1843.Damage Description: Heavy rains and hurricane-force winds uprooted numerous trees exposing archaeological deposits and damaginga 1970s-era observation platform and associated staircase. Soil saturation, adjacent to an improved road, caused embankment failurealong the Indian River and exposed shell midden deposits.FEMA’S Role in Funding Repairs: FEMA will pay for hurricane-related debris removal at the site and for the city of Ft. Pierce to hire anarchaeologist to monitor debris removal. The city plans on covering the observation platform and steps with clean fill, but this will occurat a later date and will not involve FEMA funding. The slumping riverbank is along a Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) routeand is the responsibility of the FHWA and the Florida Department of Transportation (FLDOT). FEMA will not be funding repairsassociated with this route.

LouisianaProperty Name and Location: Fort Jackson, Triumph, LAProperty Owner: Plaquemines ParishHistoric Designations: National Register of Historic Places, National Historic LandmarkProperty Function and Description: Historic fort/public park and museum; Ft. Jackson was constructed between 1822 and 1832. Itserved to defend the Mississippi River approaches to New Orleans and was pivotal in the defense of the city during the Civil War.Damage Description: High winds from Hurricane Ivan toppled several trees and broke many tree limbs at the park. The trees are withinand on top of the historic Fort and caused damage to wrought iron fencing and capstones on the rampart. The Fort was in poor conditionprior to the disaster so it is difficult to assess what additional damage was caused by the natural disaster. In 2002, the National ParkService recommended that the Fort undergo emergency stabilization measures, including tree removal and repair of existing cracks.FEMA’S Role in Funding Repairs: FEMA is funding debris removal from the Fort, removal of hanging limbs from surrounding trees, andsome permanent repairs. The applicant will also be granted additional funds to improve the property (additional tree removal).

PennsylvaniaProperty Name and Location: Delaware Canal StatePark, Upper Black Eddy, PAProperty Owner: Pennsylvania Department of Con-servation and Natural Resources (DCNR)Historic Designations: National Register of HistoricPlaces, National Historic Landmark, Delaware andLehigh National Heritage CorridorProperty Function and Description: Former bargecanal/state park; the Delaware Canal State Park en-compasses 60 miles of the late-1820s Delaware Canal.The canal was part of a greater transportation networkthat served to funnel coal and other cargo to metro-politan centers.Damage Description: Severe flooding caused breaksin the canal wall and damage to two-thirds of the as-sociated towpath, compromised some footbridges, andimpaired locks and waste gates (see photo, right).Large amounts of earthy debris have been depositedin the canal itself and will need to be removed in or-der to restore the property to predisaster condition.The areas that received the greatest damage are in thevicinity of Easton, Raubsville, and Riegelsville.FEMA’S Role in Funding Repairs: FEMA will pro-


BACK TO CONTENTSvide funding dollars for repairs to the canal, towpath, footbridges,locks, and wastegates.

VirginiaProperty Name and Location: Great Ship Lock Park, Richmond,VAProperty Owner: City of RichmondHistoric Designations: Contributing element to the James Riverand Kanawha Canal National Register Historic DistrictProperty Function and Description: Water access route/public park;Great Ship Lock Park is part of a series of stone canals and shiplocks constructed during the 1850s to provide a reliable water routearound the James River Falls. The ship lock at this location is 180 ft.long by 35 ft. wide.Damage Description: Flooding from the aftereffects of TropicalStorm Gaston damaged the outer riverbank of Great Ship Lock Parkand exposed a linear cut-granite feature. This feature was likelyused as riverbank armor (see photo of exposed granite feature, right).FEMA’S Role in Funding Repairs: FEMA will fund riverbank re-construction (including introduction of clean fill material) and leavethe stone feature in situ visible to future visitors.

VirginiaProperty Name and Location: Chimborazo Park, Richmond, VAProperty Owner: City of RichmondHistoric Designations: Contributing element to the Oakwood-Chimborazo National Register Historic DistrictProperty Function and Description: Civil War hospital/public park;the park is the site of the world’s largest military hospital. TheChimborazo Civil War hospital once had 150 buildings and 3,000 beds; over 76,000 patients were treated during the war. The City ofRichmond owns the park, but the National Park Services leases building space at this park for the Richmond National Battlefield ParkAssociation Headquarters.Damage Description: Flooding from the aftereffects of Tropical Storm Gaston induced three large landslides that exposed various ar-chaeological features, damaged a contemporary sidewalk, and com-promised the structure of an access road.FEMA’S Role in Funding Repairs: FEMA has already fundedgeotechnical studies and minor debris removal at the site. FEMAwill fund the use of an archaeological consultant to record the ex-posed archaeological features. Permanent repairs to the jeopardizedsidewalk and the access road will also be funded by FEMA. TheCity of Richmond will fund permanent repairs to the slope failureareas by covering the areas with geotextile fabric and clean fill.

VirginiaProperty Name and Location: South Belmont Corduroy Road, Rich-mond, VAProperty Owner: City of Richmond, VA DOT to take responsibilityHistoric Designations: Eligible for listing on the National RegisterProperty Function and Description: Historic road/modern bridgeapproach; this is a 19th-century corduroy road with an overlay ofhistoric concrete matrix containing an imprint of vehicle tracks.Damage Description: Flooding from the aftereffects of TropicalStorm Gaston washed away the approach to a bridge over PocoshockCreek. This event exposed a portion of an historic “corduroy” roadand possibly a later concrete road overtop with early automobiletracks (see photo of exposed courduroy logs, right).FEMA’S Role in Funding Repairs: FEMA will pay for recordationof the historic roadway and timber/concrete sampling and analy-sis. The road will be preserved in situ and covered with geotextilefabric. FEMA will also pay for fill material to restore the bridgeapproach and the construction of a new road.


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Current Research

AFRICA

Reported by Kenneth G. Kelly<[email protected]>

Uganda

Fort Dufile: In December 2005 ProfessorEmeritus Merrick Posnansky of UCLA willcommence a six-week mission in Uganda atthe former Egyptian fort of Dufile close tothe border with the southern Sudan on thewest Nile of Uganda. This project will rees-tablish historical archaeology in Uganda af-ter a 35-year lapse. The project is aimed atfinding out more about interrelations be-tween the first imperialists and the localpopulation. The lead archaeologist will beProfessor Christopher DeCorse, Chair of theDepartment of Archaeology at SyracuseUniversity. They will be accompanied in thefield by Dr. Nigel Fitzpatrick, presently abusiness entrepreneur working on hybridfuel technologies in Vancouver as well asbeing an active part-time archaeologist whoin 1965 was a member of a student team fromthe University of London’s Imperial Collegethat surveyed Dufile and several other 19th-and early-20th-century forts in northernUganda. Dufile was first built by ColonelCharles Gordon in 1874 when the Egyptianstook over control of parts of the Upper Nilefollowing Egyptian expansion into theSudan in the 1830s. An imperial adminis-tration was necessary to control a rampantslave trade. Gordon brought with him thefirst four steam ships that were based atDufile to patrol the Albertine Nile with theexpectation of establishing a secure line forcommunication and mail between the GreatLakes region of Africa and Egypt. Gordonappointed Dr. Eduard Schnitzer, laterknown as Emin Bey, as Governor of theEquatoria region of the upper Nile in 1878.

Equatoria was all that was left in Egyp-tian control after a fundamentalist Muslimleader, the Mahdi, took over the Sudan be-tween 1881 and 1883. General Gordon wascalled back to the Sudan in 1884 to save theforeigners after the Mahdi had defeated sev-eral British armies in a story chronicled insuch epic classic films as “Khartoum” andthe “Four Feathers.” All told the British lost6 generals and 16 colonels fighting the Mahdiand suffered their greatest losses in Impe-rial wars. In 1885 the Mahdi sacked

Khartoum and killed Gordon. The Britishsent the foremost explorer/adventurer of hisday, the American Henry Morton Stanley,to relieve Emin Pasha. He arrived at the westNile after taking a year walking in from theCongo basin and losing two-thirds of hismen.

Posnansky and his team of 20, includingparticipants from Ghana, Kenya, and stu-dents from Uganda, are hoping to find outmore about the interactions between the lo-cal Madi villagers and the fort’s inhabitants,to develop the fort as a sustainable histori-cal site, and find out about the ethnographyand processes of change and memory amongthe Madi, the people who lived in the area.They will also find out more about the battleof Dufile where the Egyptian and Sudanesetroops of Emin first defeated the Mahdistforces in 1888. They will use forensic ar-chaeological methods similar to those pio-neered at the 1876 battlefield of the Little BigHorn.

Posnansky is no stranger to Uganda, hav-ing been the Curator of the Uganda Museumfrom 1958-1962 and later director of the Af-rican Studies Programme at Makerere Uni-versity College where he initiated the firstarchaeological teaching syllabus in easternand central Africa. Posnansky andFitzpatrick made a site visit to Dufile in De-cember 2004 going by small plane and byboat on the Nile. Though the area has beenclosed for over 30 years due to civil war, it isnow peaceful. They found that the 12-acrefort had been little impacted. The 5-m-highramparts and the harbor are still visible asare the footings of various buildings withinthe fort where several thousand Egyptians,Sudanese, and local Madi inhabitants livedand worked. Exploring away from the fortthey located several former Madi settlementsthat will form the basis for exploratory workin the coming season.

AUSTRALASIA

Reported by Alasdair Brooks<[email protected]>

Australia-New South Wales

Cumberland/Gloucester Street Site: WayneJohnson of the Sydney Harbour ForeshoreAuthority (SHFA) contributed an update onthe status of the internationally known

Cumberland/Gloucester Street Site to theMarch ASHA Newsletter: In February-Marcha team of volunteers from Sydney Univer-sity and the City of Sydney Historical Asso-ciation worked under the direction of HelenNicholson and Karyn McLeod to “clean up”the Cu/Gl site. Since its excavation byconsultancy firm Godden McKay Logan in1994 the site has lain dormant, utilized bySHFA and Historic Houses Trust for educa-tion programs and occasional public opendays. The “clean-up” is a detailed re-exca-vation of areas which have become siltedover or obscured by weeds. It is gratifyingto note that in the past 10 years of exposurethe site has undergone minimal degradation.The Cu/Gl site was the subject of one of themost comprehensive urban excavations inAustralia, uncovering the remains of over30 houses, shops, and pubs with remainsidentified dating back to the 1790s. Build-ings on the site were demolished in the earlyyears of the 1900s and the area has essen-tially been an open site ever since. Of thetwo laneways crossing the site, Cribbs Lane(created by 1808) had been asphalted around1900. In the recent work a section of thisasphalt was removed to expose sandstonepaving in a remarkable state of preservation.The exercise has given students an opportu-nity to learn archaeological excavation andrecording methodology during the summerholidays. SHFA is committed to the preser-vation of the site, and is investigating meansof incorporating the remains into a possiblenew development on part of the site. Thesite is the subject of Grace Karskens’ 1999book, Inside The Rocks: Archaeology of aNeighbourhood published by Hale &Iremonger.

Hyde Park Barracks Museum, Sydney—Clay Pipe Collection Assessment: The as-semblage of clay smoking pipes gathered asa result of the underfloor and undergroundarchaeological excavations (1980-1981) of theHyde Park Barracks site is one of the largestof its kind in Australia. A recently completedproject at the Barracks has improved collec-tion management and increased the poten-tial of the collection for further study. Theproject continues work in building up a pic-ture of the day-to-day lives of the 30,000 con-victs who resided at the Barracks between1817 and 1848 and of the immigrant and asy-lum women who followed them. Descrip-tions of over 3,500 pipes and pipe fragments




BACK TO CONTENTSwere entered into a new database. Digitalimages were also taken of the artifacts, en-abling off-site researchers to view the col-lection. Although analysis was only carriedout on a basic level, some interesting pre-liminary observations have been made.

The clay tobacco pipes found at the Bar-racks contain few “contentious” items. Asclay pipes were cheap and readily available,they provided a simple means by which thepoor could express their allegiances to so-cial groups. Pipes found at Cadman’s Cot-tage in Sydney’s Harbourside Rocks area, forexample, bear Irish patriotic emblems andslogans; for example shamrocks and “ERINGO BRAGH.” However, only one such pipewas found at the government Barracks(“CORK” stamped on the stem and tiny, dis-creet shamrocks on the spur). Together withan absence of pipes advertising publichouses or bearing images such as mermaidsor skulls (also found elsewhere in Sydney),this may indicate that the types of pipes usedin the Barracks were subject to official scru-tiny. Tobacco may have been too valuablean “indulgence” to risk by smoking it in any-thing but an inoffensive pipe.

The pipes that were used at the Barracksalso illustrate the growth of local businessand industry, with Sydney pipe manufac-turers and tobacconists both represented.One pipe, manufactured by Samuel Elliot ofSydney, bears the word “REFORM”—a ref-erence to the British 1832 Great Reform Act—demonstrating that local manufacturerswere keeping up with events back in Brit-ain. The pipe collection from Hyde ParkBarracks is similar in content to that foundat Port Arthur in Tasmania, suggesting thatgovernment-assigned convicts were re-stricted in their choice of smoking accoutre-ments. It is hoped that the improved acces-sibility of the collection arising from thisproject will allow further comparisons anddiscoveries to be made in the future.

Australia-Queensland

Mill Point: Sean Ulm and John Prangnellwrite that in February 2005, a second seasonof fieldwork was undertaken at Mill Point,the site of one of the earliest timber settle-ments in Queensland. This work was a con-tinuation of survey work undertaken in 2004by a team of staff and volunteers from theUniversity of Queensland, the Environmen-tal Protection Agency, and QueenslandParks and Wildlife Service. The 2005 fieldseason focused on two main objectives: thecompletion of a broad-scale survey to firmlyestablish the spatial spread of major featuresat the site complex, and more detailed sur-veying in a targeted area. The broader fea-ture survey included the tramway, fencelines, and extremities of the jetty structures,

together with an attempt to find the site ofthe schoolhouse (documented in local oralhistories). As part of this work, detailed to-pographical surveys were undertaken in or-der to establish the extent of the currentshoreline. This was done with a view to es-tablishing rates of shoreline erosion, particu-larly around the mill area itself. Erosion issuspected as photographic evidence appearsto show areas of industrial activity that arenow inundated by the lake.

Detailed surface artifact recording wasundertaken in two 25 x 25 m grid squaressituated approximately 250 m inland fromthe lakeshore and the industrial area, in alocation hypothesized as being a settlementarea. The two grid squares yielded over1,600 artifacts, consisting of glass, ceramics,and small amounts of metal. The materialwas largely fragmented and widely dis-persed across the squares. Analysis will beundertaken through the year on the mate-rial to establish spatial patterning. As in2004, we also took the chance to includesome public outreach, holding an open dayin each week and also hosting visits by twolocal schools. The progress of the 2005 fieldseason can be seen at

< h t t p : / / w w w . a t s i s . u q . e d u . a u /millpoint>.

Subsequent to the fieldwork in February,the nomination of Mill Point to theQueensland Heritage Register was accepted.The site is also now the subject of two Ph.D.projects at the University of Queensland.Investigations at the site will be continuingthrough the year, with further survey work,some subsurface investigations, and the col-lection of oral histories in the Noosa area.At the end of 2005, a detailed plan will beestablished for the 2006 field season, in-formed by analysis and work through 2005.

Australia-Victoria

Geophysical Investigation of a ChineseCemetery, Buckland: Susan Lawrence re-ports that a team from La Trobe Archaeol-ogy, Earth Sciences at the University of Tas-mania, and the Chinese Australian FamilyHistorians of Victoria recently carried outremote sensing investigations at the site of a19th-century Chinese cemetery in theBuckland Valley, NE Victoria. The purposeof the research was to target and map thelateral position of burials, using nondestruc-tive remote sensing and in particularground-penetrating radar and magnetom-etry. The project was initiated by membersof the Chinese Australian Family Historiansof Victoria and the local historical society inBuckland, who by 2007 wish to mark indi-vidual graves to commemorate the 150thanniversary of the Buckland Riots. In the1850s the Buckland Valley was the scene of

one of the richest alluvial gold rushes inVictoria. It was also the scene of one of themost violent anti-Chinese riots in Australianhistory. In July 1857 a crowd of around 80white men attacked Chinese miners campedalong the diggings, and as many as 20 Chi-nese were killed while hundreds fled intothe surrounding mountains. These events,followed by the even greater anti-Chineseviolence at Lambing Flat, NSW, in 1860, con-tributed to the atmosphere of fear and ani-mosity which eventually led to the WhiteAustralia Policy.

There is little documentary evidence ofthe Chinese cemetery, but according to lo-cal oral tradition, burial markers werepresent on the site until the 1960s when theywere removed by souvenir hunters. Never-theless, the cemetery is of particular signifi-cance for understanding the history of theChinese in the valley. For the overseas Chi-nese who died in foreign countries, it washighly important that they be buried in thetraditional manner, with the appropriateaccompanying rituals and offerings. Ideally,the remains of the deceased would be ex-humed at a later date and returned to China,where they could be cared for by the family.Grave markers were placed over the burialsto facilitate exhumation and the making ofritual observances by descendants. Thesemarkers survive at some Chinese cemeter-ies in Victoria, including in the Ballarat Gen-eral Cemetery and at Vaughn, on the MountAlexander Diggings.

In the example under discussion, the dis-ruption to the Chinese community causedby the riots meant that it is likely that exhu-mation and shipment to China were lesslikely to have occurred, but also that therewas no local descendant community to carryout the rituals required to honor the ances-tors. The anti-Chinese violence which tookplace in Buckland makes the cemetery ahighly charged place of remembrance andsymbolism. The cemetery is located partlyon Crown Land and partly on freehold, withonly the former accessible for this investiga-tion.

An area of approximately 1200 sq. m wassurveyed. Two geophysical methods wereused to investigate the site: ground-penetrat-ing radar (GPR) and magnetometry. TheGPR was chosen to provide high resolutionsubsurface stratigraphic information for upto a depth of 3.5 m along a series of parallelsurvey lines. A magnetometer was used tomeasure the remnant magnetism of the areaand to detect ferrous metallic objects. Ap-proximately 50 features interpreted as likelygraves were identified, based primarily onthe GPR results. Potential grave featureswere predominantly located within the firstmeter of depth, indicating that they mayhave been originally shallow and/or that

http://www.atsis.uq.edu.au/millpoint

http://www.atsis.uq.edu.au/millpoint


BACK TO CONTENTSerosion has since reduced the cover. Plansare now being formulated to develop an in-terpretive strategy for the site, includingsome form of commemorative marker.

New Zealand

Oropuriri, 19th-century Maori Kainga andPaa, Bell Block, Taranaki (submitted byHans Bader of New Zealand consultancyfirm Geometria): Excavations at Oropuriri—a Maori-fortified settlement at Bell Block inTaranaki—were undertaken by amultidisciplinary team consisting of the De-partment of Anthropology University ofAuckland, Geometria, and ArchaeologyNorth under the leadership of SimonHoldaway over 10 weeks between 2002 and2004. Three thousand features and about40,000 finds were recorded and recoveredduring this time. The location of all findsand feature outlines were recorded withLeica total stations and all surfaces were re-corded using a Cyrax laser scanner. Digitaltop-down photos were geo-corrected ontothe three-dimensional models of all the ex-cavation surfaces.

Three main phases of the settlement canbe distinguished: a fortified village at thebeginning of the 19th century is followed bya gun fighter paa (fortification) with complexrifle trenches and fighting platforms, prob-ably dating to the 1850s. The most signifi-cant building on the site is a Maori wharenui(meeting house) from the 1860s, displayinga mixture of traditional Maori and European

house construction.Geometria is currently undertaking digi-

tal three-dimensional reconstructions of sev-eral phases of the settlement using the digi-tal field data.

Katere, Commercial Subdivision, New Ply-mouth, Taranaki (submitted by Hans Baderof New Zealand consultancy firmGeometria): Geometria and ArchaeologyNorth monitored large-scale earthworks fora commercial subdivision on the outskirtsof New Plymouth during February 2005. Aknown historic Maori kainga (settlement) onthe area of the development led to the es-tablishment of a reserve. Immediately out-side the reserve two Maori houses of the late19th century were located during theearthworks. Both houses show a mix of tra-ditional Maori house construction and theuse of European materials and house plans.

Wellington Inner City Bypass: Major exca-vations took place in New Zealand’s capitalcity in January and February to prepare forthe new Wellington Inner City Bypass. Amajor focus of the investigation was the so-cial history of the area, such as the status oflandowners and workers living in closeproximity. The excavations uncovered in-tact remains of an 1860s house (includingtheir rubbish pits), a line of two-room tene-ment cottages, a spaghetti-junction of late-19th-century ceramic drains, evidence of alarge-scale public works project (involvingseveral thousand meters of fill) in the late

1890s, and an intact brick-lined well (7 mdeep and with water to the full depth).

An earthquake in 1855 had raisedswamps in the Te Aro valley making it ac-cessible for urban development. A build-ings archaeologist analyzed constructionmethods and materials used for theEdwardian homes and pre-1900s workers’cottages built side by side. As part of theBypass project a total of 16 heritage build-ings are to be relocated and refurbished.

Two open days were held, and over 600people took the tours that were offered.These ran every 15 minutes and proved tobe very successful at highlighting the ar-chaeological aspects of what has been, attimes, a bitter and acrimonious fight over theviability of the road project. Further phasesof the archaeological program will take placein April and October as the buildings arerelocated, thus freeing up their sites for in-vestigation.

CANADA-QUÉBEC

Reported by Allison Bain<[email protected]>

2004 Excavations at the Jacques-CartierFort: The Last Bastion of French Resistancein North America (submitted by SimonSanterre): On 13 September 1759, the Frencharmy was defeated at Québec and by theorder of the Governor-General, Marquis deVaudreuil, it was forced to retreat to a head-land at the junction of the Saint Lawrenceand Jacques Cartier rivers. French authori-ties had already designated this location incase of a loss at Québec. Some days laterthe English took possession of the fortifiedcity, and with winter approaching, the con-struction of Fort Jacques Cartier was subse-quently ordered. Construction began onSeptember 28th and for the following twoand half months, 250 men were busy con-structing the earthen ramparts under the su-pervision of Chevalier de Lévis himself. Thisfort was one of the only resistance points eastof Montréal. The intentions of Lévis wereinitially to set up camp for the upcomingwinter, to stop the English from advancingto Montréal via the Saint Lawrence River,and to plan for a counterattack on QuébecCity.

The first archaeological campaign at theJacques-Cartier Fort was led by archaeolo-gist Michel Gaumond in 1962, the goal ofwhich was to assess the site’s potential.Thirty-seven years later, another short cam-paign, conducted by archaeologist AlainChouinard, returned to the fort to find thebarracks and the powder magazine indi-cated on two maps from Murray’s 1762 At-las from the British Museum (see image).Maori house at Katere



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Without conclusive results, he recom-mended future excavations. The construc-tion of the church in the adjacent town ofCap-Santé was concluded in 1763. Histori-cal texts suggest that materials from the fortwere used in its construction.

The principal objective was to investigatethe fort’s construction. Under the supervi-sion of historian and archaeologist JacquesGuimont, a team of students from UniversitéLaval, Québec, excavated and documentedcertain aspects of the fort’s construction.

Results from the summer of 2004 weresubstantial. More than 13 test pits were ex-cavated on critical spots, with the goal ofexploring as much of the fort as possible. Thepriority was the study of the possible em-brasures and the fascinesi which may havesolidified these earthen constructions. Notraces of the fascines were found but theteam discovered remnant rock foundationsfrom an artillery platform, allowing an es-timation of the platform’s size. We nowknow that one long platform (a battery) cov-ered all six embrasures at the southern endof the fort which faced the two rivers.

A study of the stratigraphy of the para-pet indicated its construction method, aswell as how earth had been transported tobuild the ramparts. The chemin-des-rondesindicated the source of this earth. Thechemin-des-rondes, which faces the easternfront of the fort, had a regular width for al-most 300 m. The scarp, joining the parapetto the chemin-des-rondes, also has a veryregular angle for its entire 300 m of length.So it seems clear that the earth removed forthe construction of the scarp and the chemin-des-rondes was used to build the parapet andthe embrasures.

Other pits were opened in the ditchnorth of the fort which is the only pointwhere potential enemies could have at-tempted an attack. The team exceeded theseason’s objectives while managing to lo-cate the barracks that had eluded previousarchaeologists. A wall, probably made ofcob, was uncovered as well as a base of a

stone hearth. Military objects such as gunflints and shot, a pick likely used in the con-struction of the barracks, and the bronzepoint of a flag pole were recovered. Objectsdocumenting daily life such as fragments ofa cast-iron cauldron and French wine bottleswere also recovered. Apparently the wardid not stop these soldiers from enjoyingtheir wine.

Finally, spring came without an ambushand the French army was ready to regaintheir previously lost city. So, commandedby de Lévis, the troops besieged the city inwhat was called the battle of Ste-Foy. Un-fortunately, this attempt was a failure andtroops were forced back to the fort. Finally,on 8 September 1760, Montréal was takenby the English troops and New France wasno more. Two days later, an English detach-ment arrived at Fort Jacques-Cartier to evictthe French from the fort and take them backto France. There is no proof of any Englishoccupation of the fort that was henceforthjudged useless by General Murray.

EUROPE

Reported by Paul Courtney<[email protected]>

United Kingdom

The Alderley Sandhills Project (submittedby Eleanor Conlin Casella and Darren Grif-fin, School of Arts, Histories, and Cultures,

Manchester University): Undertaken in part-nership with the Manchester Museum, andfunded by English Heritage through theAggregates Levy Sustainability Fund, theAlderley Sandhills Project was created toexamine how the men, women, and childrenof ordinary English rural working-classhouseholds struggled to maintain and im-prove their conditions of everyday life fromthe late 17th to mid-20th centuries. This wasthe first project to be funded by English Heri-tage to focus explicitly on the domestic andresidential sides of the Industrial Revolution.It reflects a growing British interest in thecollection and conservation of 19th- and20th-century archaeological assemblages.Now entering its final stages of analysis andpublication, the Alderley Sandhills Projecthas maintained a public Web site for on-linedelivery of results. Popular zones have in-cluded a “dig diary,” updated weekly dur-ing the 2003 excavation season, and a “col-lections gallery” that offered photographsand interpretations of recovered artifacts.For a digital tour, please visit:<www.alderleysandhillsproject.co.uk>.

Located approximately 25 km south ofManchester, Alderley Edge is a natural rockyoutcrop with views across both GreaterManchester and the Cheshire plain. Ar-chaeological evidence demonstrates the re-gion was mined for copper deposits duringboth the Bronze and Romano-British peri-ods. During the 1850s, a series of Italianate“Villas” were constructed at Alderley Edge,and sold to the newly wealthy mill baronsdesperate to escape the dank urban grime

Detail of Murray’s 1762 Atlas

Figure 1: Hagg Cottages in the 1930s (photo by Mr. George Barber,father of project participant Mr. Roy Barber)


http://alderleysandhillsproject.co.uk


BACK TO CONTENTSof industrial Manchester. At the same time,an early rail line was established to link cen-tral Manchester to the growing service town,thereby making Alderley Edge the first com-muter suburb of Great Britain. From the1780s through the 1890s, the Edge was ex-tensively mined for copper, lead, and cobalt.Thus, from the 18th century, the region sup-ported a complex mix of agricultural, indus-trial, and service-based economic activities(Figure 1).

Parish records indicate that the main cot-tage was built during 1747 on Lord Stanley’sEstate in a local architectural style knownas the “Stanley-type cottage.” The Stanley-type cottage was a two-story brick Georgianstructure, characterized by chimneys on eachend and a central entrance gable. TheStanley-type cottage at the AlderleySandhills site was originally built for agri-cultural tenant farmers. The date of con-struction and original function of the secondbuilding was originally unknown—al-though excavations later revealed an unex-pected pipe stem date of ca. 1650-1670, whichsuggested a possible late-17th-century ori-gin. Since the small hamlet was built alongHagg Lane, it became locally known as theHagg Cottages, “hagg” reflecting an OldSaxon term for “clearing in the woods.”

During the early 19th century, the cot-tages were internally subdivided, and leasedto four separate households of workers fromthe Alderley Edge Mining Company. By theturn of the 20th century, mining activity inthe area had completely ceased, and the oc-cupants of the cottages all worked in the ser-vice economy of Alderley Edge village. Resi-dents of the four households consisted of theBarrow, Ellam, Perrin, and Barber families.The cottages were occupied until right afterWorld War II, and were demolished duringthe early 1950s.

Following geophysical and topographicsurveys of the Sandhills site, four excavationtrenches were opened during the summer2003 field season. Areas A and B were origi-nally two 10 x 10 m open area trenches, po-sitioned over structural remains of HaggCottages. With the Hagg Cottages con-structed and occupied as a reflection of so-cioeconomic continuity, the structures them-selves reflected the durability of communitypresence within the landscape (Figure 2).

As a result, the economic flexibility re-quired of working-class inhabitants becamematerially expressed through sequential ver-nacular additions, adjustments, and adap-tations of the built environment. Excava-tions at the Sandhills site revealed structuralremains of a brick lean-to addition on thesouthern side of the 1740s Georgian-style

Stanley-type cottage. This extension wasfloored with a patchwork of mid-Victorian-era black-and-red stoneware “quarry” tiles.With the mid-19th-century establishment ofrailroad distribution networks, locally pro-duced building materials, including the ex-cavated sandstone-flagged floors of theStanley-type cottage, were gradually re-placed by decorative architectural ceramicsmanufactured by the industrial potteries ofStoke-on-Trent, in the nearby English Mid-lands. Since access to the vernacular exten-sion was gained through a kitchen, we in-terpreted it as a mid- to late-19th-centuryelaboration of domestic workspace added tothe original 18th-century cottage—probablyrelated to the diversification of income-gen-erating activities undertaken by householdmembers.

Oral histories related to the southern cot-tage in Area B demonstrated similar patternsof continual architectural additions, recy-cling, and reuse (Figure 3). The immediateexterior space around the cottage was par-ticularly adaptable for income-generatingactivities. When questioned about the loca-tion of the front door during a site tour, Mrs.Edna Younger instead related her mother’suse of the area for laundry processing. Con-tributing to the family income by taking inlaundry from local elite households, hermother had positioned her washtub andmangle next to the exterior drain, therebyadapting the paved courtyard as an exten-sion of her workplace. Mrs. Younger couldnot remember the location of the front doorbecause she had always used the kitchenentrance at the side of the cottage. Hermemory illuminates another crucial point re-garding working-class settlements: the flu-idity between domestic spaces and work-re-

Figure 2: Area A, Alderley Sandhills Project, September 2003

Figure 3: Detail, Area B, Alderley Sandhills Project, September 2003


BACK TO CONTENTSlated spaces. Residential sites operated asplaces of production as much as places ofconsumption. By interpreting these sites asrepresentations of a flexible strategy for so-cioeconomic survival, the Alderley SandhillsProject has produced new perspectives onthe durability of occupation, material cul-ture, and socioeconomic status in the work-ing-class worlds of rural England over thetransition from the Industrial to Post-Indus-trial eras.

MÉXICO, CENTRALAND SOUTH AMÉRICA

Reported by Pedro Paulo A. Funari<[email protected]>

Brazil

Archaeology at Porto Alegre, Brazil:Fernand Bordin Tocchetto, archaeologist atthe Joaquim José Felizardo Museum, PortoAlegre, Brazil, studied four 19th-centurydomestic sites, seeking to interpret dailypractices involving meals, consumption oftea, and garbage disposal. Tocchetto and histeam attempted to establish a relationshipbetween the contexts as evidenced by ar-chaeological materials and the practices inthe construction process of 19th-century Bra-zilian modernity. Such practices werecontextualized on local, national, and inter-national levels, and took into account theinfluence of a modern capitalist Europe. Thedisplacement of these practices from theirplace of origin resulted in the appropriation,reinterpretation, and adaptation of Westernmodern values and practices according tolocal peculiarities. The team used Giddens’interpretive framework, focusing on the con-cepts of reflexibility, practical conscience,and regionalization of space. The recoveryof dishes and glass pieces from the domes-tic refuse pointed to a possible interpreta-tion of daily practices linked to meals andtea drinking, and also of practices related tothe discard of rubbish, within the context of19th-century cultural change. The “ways ofdoing” that characterized 19th-century resi-dences were located in particular time andreception spaces, exhibition spaces, publicand social interaction settings, implying iso-lation, occultation, privacy, and intimacy.Practices linked to meals and tea-drinkingwere interpreted as results of consumptionpatterns and also as part of particularizingexperiences, realized by the subjects’ inten-tional actions, addressed to the displacedvalues and discourses of modern capitalistsocieties. On the other hand, practices re-lated to garbage disposal were interpretedas a result of tactical behavior on the part ofWesterners concerned about odors, such as

body smells, humors, and environmentalodors. Western European intolerance ofunhealthy smells led to changes in garbagemanagement, as revealed by the archaeologi-cal record.

Urban archaeology at Pelotas, Brazil: Sal-vage archaeology in downtown Pelotas, Bra-zil, was carried out by the Anthropologicaland Archaeological Laboratory, FederalUniversity at Pelotas, under the direction ofFábio Vergara Cerqueira. The field workwas funded by the Culture MinistryMonumenta Program, with the institutionalassistance of the Municipal Culture Secre-tariat, Environment Secretariat, Rio Grandedo Sul Science Foundation (FAPERGS), andthe Brazilian National Science Foundation(CNPq). Pelotas is a town in southern Bra-zil founded in 1835, in an area settled byEuropeans in 1779. Its growth in the 19thcentury was due to the beef cattle industry.The archaeological salvage fieldwork hasbeen carried out at the 19th-century PedroOsório Square and surrounding houses:house number 2 (built in 1830 and refur-bished in 1880) and house 8 (built in 1878).The square and the seigniorial houses are themost important symbols of the political, eco-nomic, social, and cultural ethos of the localelites. Archaeological remains are comparedwith documents and particular attention hasbeen paid to garbage depots and whitewashmanufacture. Bone and pottery analysis isunderway.

MIDDLE EAST

Reported by Uzi Baram<[email protected]>

Jordan

Tell Hesban (submitted by Lynda Carroll,Binghamton University): During the 1998,2001, and 2004 field seasons, researchersfrom the Madaba Plains Project conducteda series of investigations on the Ottoman-period settlement at Tell Hesban in Jordan.The project, directed by Øystein LaBianca(Andrews University) and Bethany Walker(Grand Valley State University), is part of amultiyear, multidisciplinary investigation ofchanging settlement patterns at the site. Theteam’s interest in the Ottoman period isaimed at understanding the relationshipsbetween the Ottoman Empire and its pro-vincial populations, and the effects of glo-bal capitalism on local tribes in Transjordan.

European travelers’ accounts suggestthat Hesban was an important seasonal en-campment for seminomadic tribal groupsduring the first half of the 19th century.During the 1998 season, archaeologists and

physical anthropologists investigated aBedouin cemetery which was located on thetell site and included 70 individuals buriedin a common grave. This burial ground wasused by one of three tribes that frequentedthe area around the tell in the early 19th cen-tury. Personal effects and an Ottoman coinprovide a terminus post quem date of 1876C.E. (1293 A.H.) for the cemetery.

In the 1880s, tribal groups at Hesban ex-perienced major economic changes as the sitewas transformed from a place for tribal en-campments and burials to a center for agri-cultural production. Generally, sedentismincreased in Transjordan as the Ottomanstate initiated new land tenure systems thatfavored private landholdings and agricul-tural production over seminomadic tribaluse of land. Merchants and tribal groupsrushed to register land into their names andpreviously nomadic tribes became involvedin intensive agricultural production. Theresult was the growth of large fortified farm-steads employing hundreds of workers atsites like Hesban. Under the threat of los-ing land use rights under privatization ini-tiatives, the Ajarmeh tribe registered Hesbanand the surrounding region under the nameof one of its tribal leaders in 1881. TheNabulsi merchant family from Salt providedthe tribe with the necessary provisions forfarming through a credit system. However,the Ajarmeh tribe became heavily indebtedto the Nabulsis. By World War I, theAjarmeh were forced to sell the farmsteadat Hesban to their new landlord.

In 2001, a team of archaeologists, ethnog-raphers, and architects conducted an inten-sive survey of the farmhouse complex atHesban. The complex included a two-storybuilding which served as the domestic quar-ters for leaders, landlord, and guests, a se-ries of workers’ quarters, stables, cisterns,storehouses, and habitation caves. Excava-tions during the 2004 season on the tell offernew evidence that the Ottoman period settle-ment at Hesban may have been more exten-sive than previously believed.

Some of the habitation caves appear tohave been closely associated with the Otto-man-period farm complex. One cave locatedjust below the main farm building includeda subterranean structure, an animal pen,overhead entrance shafts, and several smallinterconnecting tunnels. The function of thelarge, cut-stone structure inside the cave,however, remains unclear, since there wereno accessible entrances into the structure,indicating that access could only be madefrom within the farmhouse above. One ofthe storage rooms of the farmhouse includeda small shaft that extended to a subterraneanpassage, linking the building complex to thecave. Ethnographic investigations con-ducted during the 2001 and 2004 field sea-




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sons indicate that local villagers in present-day Hesban believe that the caves were usedas places to hide from Ottoman officials, taxcollectors, and soldiers. The caves may havebeen used as a way to deposit, store, or evenconceal goods.

Archaeologists hope to examine howOttoman land tenure policies, the growingeconomic power of 19th-century merchants,and the construction of the farmhouse com-plex affected the political economy of tribalgroups at Hesban. Several preliminary re-ports and numerous conference presenta-tions summarizing late-Ottoman-periodsettlement at Hesban have been completed.Additional information summarizing theresearch at Hesban and the Madaba PlainsProject can be found at <http://www.madabaplains.org/>.

UNDERWATER(WORLDWIDE)

Reported by Toni Carrell<[email protected]>

Australia

Department of Archaeology, Flinders Uni-versity: Dr. Joe Flatman joined the Depart-ment of Archaeology in July 2004 as a Lec-turer in Maritime Archaeology on a 12-month contract. Joe has a B.A. (with firstclass honors), an M.A. (with Distinction) inMaritime Archaeology, and a Ph.D. from theDepartment of Archaeology at the Univer-sity of Southampton, where he studied un-der Dr. Jon Adams. He has been on tempo-rary funding as a visiting lecturer and/or

tutor at the University of Southampton, theUniversity of Bristol, and Cardiff Universityover the past three years. Joe will be teach-ing and supervising in the Graduate Pro-gram in Maritime Archaeology. Entry to theMaster of Maritime Archaeology and theGraduate Certificate in Maritime Archaeol-ogy now takes place twice a year (in Febru-ary and July).

The annual Flinders University MaritimeArchaeology Field School (ARCH 3304 forundergraduates/ARCH 8103 for postgradu-ates) was conducted at Portarlington inVictoria in early Feb 2004. The Field Schoolhas previously been taught in collaborationwith both Heritage SA and Heritage Victoriaat Port Victoria/Wardang Island in Febru-ary 2001 and February 2002. This year theField School was run with the assistance ofthe Maritime Heritage Unit of HeritageVictoria, the Maritime Archaeology Depart-ment of the WA Maritime Museum, and theUniversity of Ulster. The University of Ul-ster staff (Wes Forsythe and Ciara Herron)were in Australia largely as a result of theMemorandum of Understanding (MOU)signed between Flinders and Ulster in 2003.The first part of the session (two days) con-sisted of the Australian Institute for Mari-time Archaeology (AIMA) and Nautical Ar-chaeology Society (NAS) Part 1 Training pro-gram and the remainder was comprised ofpractical exercises, skills training, and asso-ciated lecture/seminars. The students werea mix of undergraduates (11) and postgradu-ates (9) including students from the UK,New Zealand, Queensland, and NSW as wellas South Australia. The weather was theusual Victorian mixture of good, bad, andindifferent but we only lost one day to bad

weather which was a pretty good resultoverall.

At the end of 2003 Julie Ford (B. Archae-ology Hons—Flinders University) becamethe first student to complete the Master ofMaritime Archaeology; she will graduate inApril 2004. Six students have now gradu-ated with the Graduate Certificate in Mari-time Archaeology (GCMA): Joel Gilman,Rowan Brownette, Julius Miller, Susan Jones,Andy Dodd, and Adrian Brown. Four ofthese students are continuing part-time tocomplete the Master of Maritime Archaeol-ogy and are undertaking on-line topics of-fered jointly by Flinders University and theUniversity of Ulster that started in July 2004.Three other students completed the GCMAin 2004 and will graduate at the Decembergraduation: Terry Drew, Trevor Winton andBrad Williams.

Aidan Ash, who recently completed hishonors thesis in maritime archaeology atFlinders University, spent three months (De-cember 2003 to March 2004) as an intern withthe Maritime Heritage Unit at HeritageVictoria. This was the first maritime archae-ology internship offered by Heritage Victoriaand a second internship is planned for De-cember 2004 to February 2005. Two newinternships are also planned for summer2004/2005, one in Tasmania jointly sup-ported by the Port Arthur Historic Site Man-agement Authority and Tasmanian NationalParks Service and the second at the SouthAustralia Maritime Museum.

Undergraduate interest in maritime ar-chaeology continued to grow with 40 stu-dents enrolled in the third-year electiveARCH 3005 Underwater and Coastal Ar-chaeology. Four students completed theirhonors thesis in maritime archaeology in2004: Aidan Ash, Luke Benbow, AdamPaterson, and Ruth Jenkins.

Dr. Mark Staniforth took a team of post-graduate students out to Coffin Bay in June2004 to examine the site of an oyster fishingsettlement called, appropriately enough,Oystertown. Despite some rain the teamlocated some remnants of the 19th-centurysettlement on land. A new underwater metaldetector from Minelab (the “Excalibur”) hasrecently been purchased and was tested outfor the first time during this fieldwork.Underwater searches by a group of gradu-ate students in the Maritime Archaeologyprogram including Rick Bullers, JamesBeringer-Pooley, and Shane Lyons togetherwith former student Julie Ford found little19th-century evidence underwater. OtherFlinders postgraduates involved in theproject were Kylli Firth, Susan Briggs, andLuke Benbow. The Oystertown project hasstrong community backing and is likely tocontinue in the future as three grant appli-cations have recently been made to support

Farmhouse complex at Hesban.

http://www.madabaplains.org/

http://www.madabaplains.org/



BACK TO CONTENTScontinuing work.

Mark Staniforth and Mike Nash (Tasma-nian Parks and Wildlife Service) are cur-rently in the final stages of editing a bookon Australian maritime archaeology for thePlenum Series in Underwater Archaeology.Mark has been invited to contribute an ar-ticle on maritime archaeology to theEncyclopaedia of Maritime History that is cur-rently being developed. He has also beeninvited to be the keynote speaker at the Mari-time Archaeology and History of Hawaiiand the Pacific Conference to be held in Ha-waii in February 2005.

Norway

Norwegian University of Science and Tech-nology, Trondheim (NTNU): NTNU hasannounced the establishment of new inter-national Masters and Ph.D. programs inMaritime Archaeology. The new programswill begin in August 2005. The full two-year(four terms) Master Degree Program in Mari-time Archaeology is designed to train highlyskilled specialists. We foresee close coop-eration with other programs around theworld. The program will also build onNTNU’s ongoing research activities in Nor-way and abroad. The Ph.D. program inMaritime Archaeology will be based onNTNU’s general principles for a Ph.D. andwill be offered only to selected students. Forinformation on the two programs, contactMs. Gry Eva Alterskjær, NTNU; Email:<[email protected]>; Phone: +477-359-8245; Fax: +477-359-5210.

Courses for the Masters and Ph.D. willconsist of the following: Maritime Aspectsof Culture, examining the development andscope of the subject, current research, theo-retical perspectives, and central issues; Mari-time Cultural Landscape in ComparativePerspectives, focusing on the interaction be-tween land and sea in the cultural develop-ment of the world; Boat and ShipbuildingTechnologies, dealing with materials andprocedures of construction, and the majorbuilding traditions of the world; Ship Sci-ence in Archaeology, including the record-ing, reconstruction and analysis of ancienthulls; Seafaring in the World, covering sea-faring, navigation, anchorages, harbors,trade, and exchange; Marine Natural Re-sources, providing a world comparative per-spective; Underwater Cultural HeritageManagement, focusing on the priorities ofassessing, protecting and managing under-water archaeological resources; Archaeologi-cal Oceanography; Underwater Archaeol-ogy, focusing on the application of archaeo-logical principles in underwater environ-ments and associated skills, including ma-rine archaeological field methods; DeepWater Archaeology, a study program in

deep water archaeology, including use oftechnology and methods developed atNTNU; and Conservation of UnderwaterArchaeological sites.

U.S.A.-Florida

Florida Bureau of Archaeological Research:In 2004 the Florida Bureau of Archaeologi-cal Research designated four new State Un-derwater Archaeological Preserves: (1) TheNorwegian bark Lofthus, which sank in astorm in 1898 off Boynton Beach on the eastcoast. The hull was dynamited to salvagethe valuable cargo of lumber; (2) The steamerVamar, which sank in 1942 off Port St. Joe inthe Panhandle under mysterious circum-stances. Admiral Richard Byrd used thevessel, which he named Eleanor Bolling inhonor of his mother, during his Antarcticexpedition of 1928-1930; (3) Regina, a Cuban-registered tanker-barge loaded with 300,000gallons of molasses, wrecked in a gale offBradenton Beach on the west coast in 1940;and (4) The Italian lumber bark Georges Val-entine wrecked in 1904 offshore of the Houseof Refuge near Stuart on the east coast, scat-tering her cargo of mahogany lumber on thebeach.

The Bureau’s Underwater Archaeologyteam completed fieldwork as part of a grantto survey and interpret the wrecks of the1733 Spanish plate fleet in the Florida Keysin order to create a “Galleon Trail” publiceducation product.

U.S.A.-Hawaii

Department of Anthropology, Universityof Hawaii at Manoa: The department heldthe 2004 Maritime Archaeology SurveyTechniques course (MAST) on the island ofLanai. The project was a survey of a portionof Shipwreck Beach, site of the 2001 MASTfield school. Six students participated in thesummer project that included a survey ofcultural material along nearly four miles ofcoastline using high-accuracy GPS units.Students also learned about shallow watersurveying using snorkel and mapped a por-tion of the nearshore reef flat. More infor-mation about the field school may be foundat <http://www2.hawaii.edu/~sfinney>.MAST 2005 is scheduled for 15 June to 15July 2005 and will be held on the Big Islandof Hawaii at a shallow shipwreck sitethought to be the SS Maui, which ran ontothe reef in a storm in 1917.

After a one-year hiatus the annual Sym-posium on Maritime Archaeology and His-tory of Hawaii and the Pacific was heldPresidents’ Day weekend of 2004 at the Pa-cific Beach Hotel in Waikiki. The theme ofthe symposium was “The Future of Mari-time Archaeology in the Pacific.” Partici-

pants from academic, government, and pri-vate institutions were on hand and the pre-sentations reflected a broad spectrum ofmaritime topics from naval engagements inWorld War II to recent fieldwork in the re-gion. The 2005 symposium, also to be heldat the Pacific Beach Hotel, will focus on thetheme “Pacific Connections through theAges.” The symposium coordinators willrealize a long-term goal to use the whole ofthe Hawaiian Islands by alternating betweenmeeting on O’ahu and meeting on the otherislands in 2006, when the conference willmove to the Big Island to hold the next sym-posium. More information about past andfuture symposia may be found at <http://www.mahhi.org>.

U.S.A.-Massachusetts

Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctu-ary (SBNMS): The Sanctuary’s best-knownshipwreck, the Steamship Portland was listedon the National Register of Historic Placesin February 2005. The steamship’s listingwas the culmination of three years of his-torical and archaeological research by thesanctuary and the National Undersea Re-search Center for the North Atlantic andGreat Lakes (NURC NA & GL) at the Uni-versity of Connecticut (UConn). Portland isthe first shipwreck listed on the NationalRegister of Historic Places within the sanc-tuary and represents a site significant toAmerican history because of its historicalassociation and archaeological potential.

Launched in 1889, Portland was one ofthe most lavish coastal steamships afloat asit traveled between Portland, ME, and Bos-ton, MA. Measuring over 280 ft. long, theMaine-built wooden-hulled side-paddle-wheel steamship transported passengersand freight along the New England coastwith a relatively uneventful record until itsloss with all hands, an estimated 192 per-sons, in November 1898. Portland is knownas the “Titanic of New England” because ofthe large loss of life and social impact on theregion. The shipwreck represents NewEngland’s worst steamship disaster prior to1900. NOAA researchers confirmedPortland’s location within the sanctuary in2002. Since then, sanctuary scientists andarchaeologists have visited the wreck annu-ally with an ROV to document and monitorits condition. For a copy of Portland’s Na-tional Register of Historic Places press re-lease, visit: <http://www.sanctuaries.nos .noaa.gov/news/pressreleases/pressrelease02_17_05.html>.The listing ofthe steamship Portland on the National Reg-ister of Historic Places is also featured onNOAA’s Preserve America Web site at:<http://preserveamerica.noaa.gov/


http://www2.hawaii.edu/~sfinney



http://www.sanctuaries.nos.noaa.gov/news/pressreleases/pressrelease02_17_05.html



http://preserveamerica.noaa.gov/success_portland.html


BACK TO CONTENTSsuccess_portland.html>.

Sanctuary archaeologists conducted a 12-day remote-sensing research cruise on theNOAA ship Delaware II during February andMarch 2005. The project team successfullysurveyed a 20-sq.-km area with side scansonar. Sanctuary staff were joined by a num-ber of hearty souls who braved the cold,wind, snow, and high seas to increase thesanctuary’s knowledge of its maritime past.This project was supported by the Massa-chusetts Office of Coastal ZoneManagement’s Board of Underwater Ar-chaeological Resources, NOAA’s MaritimeHeritage Program and Maritime Archaeol-ogy Center, Thunder Bay National MarineSanctuary and Underwater Preserve, andNURC NA & GL at UConn. Sanctuary staffare currently analyzing the sonar data andwill conduct close-order investigations oftargets with a remotely operated vehicle laterthis summer.

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution(WHOI) Deep Submergence Lab and MarinePolicy Center conducted an autonomousunderwater vehicle (AUV) survey of a mari-time heritage site in the sanctuary with theirvehicle SeaBED in March 2005. SeaBED isspecifically designed to perform high-reso-lution optical and acoustic sensing surveys.The hover-capable platform is an ideal toolfor habitat and seafloor mapping. The useof this vehicle will continue this summer/fall through support from NOAA’s Officeof Ocean Exploration. This work is beingdone through a partnership with WHOI andthe MA Office of Coastal ZoneManagement’s Board of Underwater Ar-chaeological Resources. For more informa-tion about the sanctuary visit their Web siteat: <http://www.stellwagen.noaa.gov> orcontact Deborah Marx at<[email protected]>.

Meetings of Interest

27-30 November 2005. First call for papers,session organizers, and workshops for theAustralian Archaeological Association(AAA) and Australian Institute for MaritimeArchaeology (AIMA) Joint Conference 2005:“The Archaeology of Trade and Exchange.”The AAA/AIMA joint conference will behosted by the Western Australian MaritimeMuseum, Fremantle, Western Australia, andArchaeology Department, University ofWestern Australia. The venue will be thenew Maritime Museum on Victoria Quay,Fremantle, Western Australia. A Web sitewill be launched soon with registration, pro-gram, and accommodation details.

The conference theme encompasses abroad range of archaeology of historical andprehistoric contexts by both terrestrial and

maritime archaeologists. The conferenceintends to encourage interdisciplinary linksby having several joint sessions on the themeof trade and exchange. We invite proposalsfrom both maritime and terrestrial archae-ologists for sessions on the following themesor on other topics: material culture studiesof trade and exchange; archaeological evi-dence for social forms of exchange; humaninteractions in coastal contexts; the archae-ology of encounters and contact; advancesin methods and techniques; studies in re-mote sensing; collaborative research be-tween Indigenous, maritime and, historicalarchaeologists; and exchanges between mu-seums and archaeologists.

For more information contact any of theorganizing committee:

Dr. Alistair Paterson, Lecturer, School ofSocial and Cultural Studies, Archaeology,M405, University of Western Australia, 35Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009 Aus-tralia; Phone: +61 8 6488-2867; Fax: +61 86488-1023; Email:<[email protected]>, Web page:<http://www.arts.uwa.edu.au/Archaeol-ogy>.

Corioli Souter, Western Australian Mari-time Museum, Department of Maritime Ar-chaeology, Cliff St, Fremantle WA 6160;Phone +61 8 9431-8448; Fax +61 8 9431-8489;Web site: <http://www.museum.wa.gov.au/maritime>.

Fiona Hooke, Nautical Archaeology So-ciety (Australia) Senior Tutor, Archae-AusPty Ltd, PO Box 177, South Fremantle WA6162; Phone: 08 9331-4600; Fax: 08 9331- 4700;Email: <[email protected]>.

U.S.A.-MIDWEST

Reported by Lynn Evans<[email protected]>

Michigan

Old Mackinac Point Light Station:Mackinac State Historic Parks’ [MSHP] ar-chaeologists did extensive testing at the siteof the Old Mackinac Point Light Station barnin the spring and fall of 2004. Old MackinacPoint Light Station was established in 1889on Old Mackinac Point, adjacent to the siteof Fort Michilimackinac, in Mackinaw City,MI. The barn was built in 1892 at the sametime as the lighthouse. It was moved fromits original location in 1929. The light sta-tion was decommissioned when theMackinac Bridge was completed in 1957.MSHP is restoring the light station to its ca.1910 appearance. The testing was carriedout prior to the barn being returned to itsoriginal location.

The barn sat on 1 x 1 ft. brick piers. Fourand a half of these were located and pre-served under the new foundation. The barnalso had an indoor privy with a brick-linedvault. The privy vault extended beyond thebarn wall for easier clean out. Only the topfew courses of the vault had been disturbedby the original move. The vault was locatedand preserved, with the barn now cantile-vered over it.

Nearly all of the artifacts recovered post-dated the barn or were directly related to thebuilding being moved from the site. Theprivy had been cleaned and filled with sandafter its abandonment. The cleanliness of thesite may be a reflection of the daily lives ofthe families of the lighthouse keepers. TheU.S. Lighthouse Service set very high stan-dards for the operation and maintenance oflight stations, including dwellings. Oral his-tories with keepers’ children reveal the in-spection of playhouses and being written upfor misplaced shoes. In this environment, itis perhaps not surprising to find little in theway of personal artifacts.

MSHP sponsored the project, under thedirection of Lynn Evans. The artifacts andrecords are being curated at the MSHP’sPetersen Center in Mackinaw City. A reportis in preparation.

U.S.A.-NORTHEAST

Reported by David Starbuck<[email protected]>

New York

Sam’s Point Preserve Visitor Center andHuckleberry Pickers’ Camps: Co-PrincipalInvestigators Wendy Harris and ArnoldPickman of Cragsmoor Consultants under-took two projects in advance of ongoingimprovements by The Nature Conservancy(TNC) at the 5,000-acre Sam’s Point Preserve,located on the Shawangunk Ridge in thetown of Wawarsing, Ulster County. Thisrugged mountaintop area is associated withsome of the earliest attempts to develop atourism industry in the region. Guesthousesand a tollgate for day visitors were in op-eration by the late 1850s. Beginning in the1870s and extending into the mid-20th cen-tury, the present-day Preserve was the siteof a series of semipermanent camps inhab-ited by berry pickers, a group composed oflocal families as well as working-class city-dwellers who came here to harvest huckle-berries during the summer months. For atime, market-oriented huckleberry pickingwas one of the region’s most important in-dustries. The seasonal population of thecamps is reported to have exceeded 300.

http://www.stellwagen.noaa.gov



http://www.arts.uwa.edu.au/Archaeology

http://www.arts.uwa.edu.au/Archaeology

http://www.museum.wa.gov.au/maritime

http://www.museum.wa.gov.au/maritime





BACK TO CONTENTSControlled burns, proposed by TNC, pose athreat to one of the Preserve’s most signifi-cant cultural resources—the archaeologicaland structural remains of the berry pickers’camps. In the fall of 2004, as part of the ef-fort to develop a burn design that wouldavoid these sensitive areas, Cragsmoor Con-sultants and TNC personnel conducted asurvey of the affected area. Seven distinctcampsites were identified on the basis ofsurface evidence. All locations were re-corded using a hand-held GPS receiver. Thisdata is being entered into TNC’s GIS database for the Preserve.

In a related undertaking, TNC plannedto demolish its existing Visitor Center, whichhas been replaced by a new Interpretive Cen-ter. Documentary research indicated that theVisitor Center, generally believed to be a ca.1950s structure, dated to the 1920s. In itsoriginal incarnation, the building (in alteredform) served as a store catering to the berrypickers as well as day visitors to what wasthen known as “Sam’s Point Park.” The Visi-tor Center occupies the site of an 1850s farm-stead as well as a series of tollgates thatserved as the point of access to the ridgetop’sscenic attractions. An excavation (also dur-ing fall 2004) in the Visitor Center basementrevealed that the building was supported inpart by the foundation of an 1861 barn asso-ciated with the original farmstead. Some ofthe recovered artifacts date to the periodwhen the building served as a store and willbe used by TNC for interpretive purposes.

Phase II Investigation of the Relyea-DavisSite: The Relyea-Davis Site, the remains of a19th-century farmstead, was identified dur-ing a 2002 Phase I survey conducted byCragsmoor Consultants Co-Principal Inves-tigators Wendy Harris and Arnold Pickmanwithin a 108-acre portion of the proposedMountain View Stables subdivision in thetown of Rochester, near Accord, NY, in Ul-ster County. Phase II excavations, conductedin the summer of 2004, revealed what wasdetermined to be the corner of a dry-laidfieldstone foundation for a farmhouse andlarge stone slabs representing a feature—possibly a chimney base. The investigationalso indicated that this dwelling had a shal-low basement or a crawl space, which wasnow filled with large stones and other rubblerepresenting the infilling that had occurredwhen the superstructure (probably frame),along with the upper courses of the founda-tion, had been pushed into the structure’sinterior space during demolition. To com-plete the infilling of the cellar hole/crawlspace, soil had also been deposited and theentire area plowed over. An unusually highwater table resulted in the flooding of thelower portions of the excavated areas, thus

complicating interpretation. Another exca-vated area was determined to be the site ofa coal shed or other outbuilding. A total of1,178 artifacts plus weighed material consist-ing of brick, coal, and cinder were recovered.The dateable ceramics together with thedocumentary research indicates that thefarmhouse was occupied during the secondhalf of the 19th century, with the demolitionoccurring before the beginning of the 20thcentury.

Although the site had neither a richdocumentary or material culture record(barely any vessel form identifications couldbe made nor were there any primary depos-its) some insights into the dwelling’s formeroccupants can be gained from the artifactsthey left behind. Evidence of middle-classaspirations is suggested by the high percent-age of decorated white earthenware sherdsrepresenting remains of vessels that mightonce have been used to set a table for theserving of a dinner meal. Also evocative ofmiddle-class aspirations and concepts—al-though not necessarily of actual middle-classeconomic standing— are the sherds compris-ing the remains of a Rockinghamware“Rebekah-by-the-Well” teapot. Otherglimpses of life on a 19th-century UlsterCounty farmstead were provided by severalinteresting artifacts including a United StatesEagle military button suggesting that a mem-ber of the household may have performedhis military service at some point in their life;two blue-green china mound Prosser-typebuttons, and fragments of silver jewelry in-dicative of attire worn for church, outings,or on holidays; and two gaiter Prosser-typebuttons that may have been used to fastenclothing worn by children living in thedwelling.

Andries Dubois House: In 2002 and 2004Cragsmoor Consultants Co-Principal Inves-tigators Wendy Harris and Arnold Pickmanconducted excavations at the AndriesDubois House, in Wallkill, town ofShawangunk, Ulster County. The house,which overlooks the Wallkill River, was con-structed in the mid-18th century and occu-pied through the latter portion of the 20thcentury, with members of the Dubois fam-ily occupying the house throughout most ofthis period. The excavations were conductedfor the Historical Society of Shawangunkand Gardiner, which is in the process of re-storing the house. It was also hoped thatarchaeology might address numerous ques-tions about the house’s construction andformer occupants that had arisen duringpreparation of a Historic Structures Report.

Volunteers from the Society participatedin both excavation and artifact processing.Domestic deposits spanning the 18th- and

19th-century period of occupation containeda number of artifacts that the Society will usefor interpretive purposes. Among thesewere an unusual bone handle, with delicateincised decoration, possibly once attachedto a fan, parasol, or mirror; an early-18th-century copper-alloy octagonal sleeve but-ton; an 18th-century, double-edged, fine-toothed bone comb; child-related artifactsincluding a fragment of a porcelain doll’sface, and a shoe-part; sherds from a child’smug, and marbles; and several coins includ-ing an 1806 “Draped Bust” large cent andan 1856 “Braided Head” large cent. Lithicsfound during excavation included debitageand a quartz scraper, suggesting the DuboisHouse is located on the site of an earlierNative American occupation. The resultsalso permitted inferences to be made con-cerning sequences of reconstruction and re-pair of the structure. In both the 2002 and2004 excavations, a charcoal layer was un-covered and is believed to be evidence thatthe original structure was replaced after itwas destroyed by fire. Exposure of supportsfor a 19th-century entranceway providedinformation useful to the reconstruction ar-chitects planning the restoration.

New Jersey

New Jersey Historic Trust: Since 2000, theNew Jersey Historic Trust (NJHT), locatedin Trenton, has been administering fundingunder the Garden State Historic Preserva-tion Trust Fund, a voter-approved initiativeto preserve open space, farmland, and his-toric sites. The two categories of matchinggrants include Historic Site Managementgrants and Capital Preservation Grants.Applicants are non-profit organizations orcounty and municipal government units. Allproperties for which funding is being soughtmust be listed, or eligible for listing, in theState or National Register of Historic Places.

From the beginning, archaeological con-cerns have been addressed in the develop-ment and implementation of grant awardsand the program has been coordinated withthe archaeological staff of the New JerseyHistoric Preservation Office. In 2004, how-ever, New Jersey Historic Trust consultingarchaeologists Wendy Harris and ArnoldPickman (Cragsmoor Consultants) devel-oped formal guidelines for archaeologicalcompliance to be distributed to potentialapplicants so that archaeology could be in-cluded at the outset of the grant applicationprocess. Of the 48 capital projects funded in2004, NJHT recommended that approxi-mately half must address archaeology as arequirement for funding. In addition, sev-eral Historic Site Management grant projectswere reviewed for their archaeological con-


BACK TO CONTENTStent.

U.S.A.-PACIFIC WEST

Reported by Sannie Osborn<[email protected]>

California

Crane Flat Archaeological Project,Yosemite National Park, California (sub-mitted by Kevin M. Bartoy, Pacific Legacy,Inc.): In the summer of 2004, Pacific Legacy,Inc. undertook the archaeological evaluationof site CA-MRP-1512H/CA-TUO-4240H asa result of the proposed expansion of theYosemite Institute’s Environmental Educa-tion Campus located at Crane Flat withinYosemite National Park. This research en-abled Pacific Legacy to evaluate the site’ssignificance under the National Register ofHistoric Places (NRHP) Criteria. The re-search was completed by Pacific Legacy un-der contract to Environmental Science As-sociates. The excavation was authorized byagreement between the National Park Ser-vice at Yosemite and the Yosemite NationalInsitute, and permitted under the Archaeo-logical Resources Protection Act (PermitWR-1979-04-CA-4).

Previous cultural resource investigationsfocused on recording the surface expressionand the built environment of the site, moni-toring small construction projects in the area,and evaluating the extant buildings still usedby the Yosemite Institute. The site’s archaeo-logical data potential had not been previ-ously assessed through subsurface investi-gations, a necessity for determining the na-ture and integrity of the deposits.

For the archaeological investigation ofCA-MRP-1512H/CA-TUO-4240H, the sitewas divided into three distinct loci basedupon geographic and temporal separationof the deposits. The three loci were the WayStation Locus, which consisted of the re-mains of the Gobin Hotel and the Hurst Sa-loon (1860s to 1900s); the Ranger StationLocus (1915 to 1940); and, the Civilian Con-servation Corps (CCC) Locus (1933 to 1942).The CCC Locus and the Ranger Station Lo-cus lacked substantial subsurface deposits.The area formerly occupied by the GobinHotel at the Way Station Locus had beennegatively impacted by the construction ofa banked curve along Tioga Road. Archaeo-logical testing revealed only one depositwith sufficient integrity to address researchquestions. This deposit was located in thearea formerly occupied by the Hurst Saloonat the Way Station Locus.

The deposit at the Hurst Saloon allowedfor the investigation of the early settlementand continued use of Yosemite’s high coun-

try. This research provided an opportunityto explore issues related to historic seasonalsettlements in an environment that was chal-lenging prior to the invention and introduc-tion of modern technologies. The depositspossess material remains in sufficient quan-tity, quality, and context to address the re-search topic of “rural consumer research”that has been identified as significant for ar-chaeological research in Yosemite NationalPark.

Archaeological data recovered from thedeposit associated with the Hurst Saloonprovided evidence for the existence of local,regional, national, and international net-works that connected William Hurst to hisneighbors, local merchants, regional produc-ers, and national and international manufac-turers. Although only less than 1% (n=23)of the total assemblage could be identifiedas to manufacturing origins, the manufac-turers that could be identified revealed con-nections to communities in California, theeastern United States, and Great Britain.

The local network was represented by 15fragments of eggshells. Although it is un-certain where the eggs originated, AnnGobin was known to keep chickens at herhotel across the Big Oak Flat Road from theHurst Saloon. These remains may representthe tangible expression of a system of barterknown as “neighboring.” Neighboring wasan outgrowth of a primarily “cashless” or“cash poor” local economy that relied onbartering relationships for goods and labor.These relationships created social and eco-nomic ties that resulted in a system of alli-ances and the formation of communitybonds. Given the fact that solitary shep-herds, placer miners, farm laborers, andNative Americans were Hurst’s primary cli-entele, this cashless system of barter wasmost likely extensive and may have servedas the basis for the local economy at CraneFlat.

The regional network was evidenced bya single bottle of soda water that was pro-duced at the Thomas Leonard Soda Worksin Sonora, CA. Although this bottle pro-vided the only precise evidence for a regionalnetwork, the high percentage of consumergoods in the assemblage indicated Hurst’sconnection to area merchants who providedsuch goods. No merchants were identifiedfrom the archaeological remains but furtherhistorical research, which focuses on the ac-count books and inventories of nearby mer-chants in the counties of Tuolumne andMariposa, may allow for more informationas to Hurst’s interactions within the regionalcommercial economy. Given the rivalry be-tween business interests in TuolumneCounty and Mariposa County, this researchmay provide a better understanding ofHurst’s political interests.

Further inference as to Hurst’s connec-tion to a regional network was made throughan analysis of the ferrous cans and can frag-ments recovered from the site. Over 65% ofthe assemblage consisted of cans and canfragments, which represented a minimumof 132 individual cans. This proliferation ofcanned goods at the Hurst Saloon coincidedwith the development of the first automatedcan-making machinery in the 1880s whichgreatly increased production. Although anexact determination could not be made forthe contents of the majority of cans, thosecans classified as general food storage mostlikely contained canned fruits and veg-etables. The origins of these canned goodscould not be traced, but the decade of the1880s witnessed the rise in the commercialproduction of fruits and vegetables in Cali-fornia as well as the beginnings of the can-ning industry. These cans may representfurther evidence for Hurst’s connection to aregional economy that encompassed Califor-nia.

The national and international networkswere most represented by the artifacts thatcould be identified as to location of manu-facture. Of the 22 artifacts that originatedoutside of California, 72.7% (n=16) were pro-duced in the eastern United States and 27.3%(n=6) were produced in Great Britain. Ofthe artifacts that originated in the easternUnited States, 93.8% (n=15) were producedin the “American Manufacturing Belt,” anarea that stretched from the southern GreatLakes to New England and contained up-wards of 65% of the manufacturing capac-ity of the United States in the late 19th andearly 20th centuries. The high percentage ofartifacts that originated from the AmericanManufacturing Belt demonstrated the con-nection of Crane Flat to the developing na-tional market of the United States. A largersample size would be necessary to assess thedegree of market access exhibited by thisassemblage.

The density of artifacts identifiable as toorigin in this sample was small, approxi-mately nine artifacts per cubic meter. Yet,the recovered artifacts have begun to placethe assemblage from the Hurst Saloon withinlocal, regional, national, and internationalexchange networks. Further research con-cerning these networks will help to betterunderstand the social, economic, and politi-cal connections of William Hurst. From thesample recovered during this investigation,it would seem most productive to focus onthe local and regional level. Two importantissues for future research should be: (1) the“cashless” practice of neighboring and howit helped to create the bonds of communityat Crane Flat; and (2) the political and eco-nomic relationship between William Hurstand merchants in Tuolumne and Mariposa



BACK TO CONTENTSCounties. Future research may also betterassess the degree of access to the nationalmarket as evidenced through the location ofmanufacture of consumer goods.

Results of this research are presented ina draft report entitled At the Crossroads:Historical Archaeology, Ethnography, andCultural Landscape Inventory at CA-MRP-1512H/CA-TUO-4240H, Crane Flat,Yosemite National Park, California. The re-port is currently under review by YosemiteNational Park. It is hoped that the reportwill be made available for interested re-searchers in 2005.

U.S.A.-SOUTHEAST

Reported by Alfred Woods<[email protected]>

Kentucky

Stanford Civil War Earthwork Fortifica-

tion: R. Berle Clay of Cultural Resource Ana-lysts, Inc. (CRAI) visited a parcel of land onthe outskirts of Stanford, KY at the requestof the landowner, who reported a series ofwhat he believed to be Native Americanburial mounds. The parcel of land lies be-tween two alternate alignments of improve-ments to U.S. 27 being studied by CRAI forthe Kentucky Transportation Cabinet. Oninspecting the mounds, Dr. Clay immedi-ately identified the mounds as the well-pre-served remains of a substantial Civil Warearthwork fortification. Civil War histori-ans had previously been unaware of suchfortification in the vicinity of Stanford, butpreliminary research shows substantial U.S.Civil War activity at Stanford throughout thewar including recruiting and defense of thetown and region. Since the discovery of thisfortification, word of another nearby fort hassurfaced from SHPO contact with a collec-tor who has been using a metal detector toremove artifacts. So far, it appears the forti-fication discovered by Dr. Clay has escaped

the notice of metal detector enthusiasts, mak-ing its degree of preservation potentiallyunusually high.

The fortification is on a prominent ridgetoe providing substantial line-of-sight inthree directions. The earthworks consist ofa ditch and embankment placed around theperimeter of the ridge toe and probably onceforming a closed oval; a small portion of theworks was eradicated during constructionof a house. The work is punctuated by asmany as 21 gun emplacements many ofwhich are prominent. To date, CRAI hascompleted a map of the earthwork feature.Limited metal detector survey, geophysicalsurvey, and augur transects across the workshas been proposed as a means to identifythe intensity of occupation and locate otherfeatures associated with the fortification, inparticular within its perimeter. Additionalhistorical research will also be required toprovide a context for this site and perhapsidentify its date of construction and use andthe makeup of its garrison.

GPS mapping of Stanford Civil War fortification.



BACK TO CONTENTS

Tracking down marks and manufactur-ers is a process that takes weeks, months,and sometimes even years. In many cases,the research takes twists, turns, and manyblind alleys before the correct answer is re-alized. Toulouse (1971:202-203) had attrib-uted the FHGW mark to the FrederickHampson Glass Works in England. Whenwe began discussing the mark, Whitten in-sisted that the bottles did not look English,so we set out to test the Toulouse assertion.First, we had to come up with a date range,and we looked at reported collections fromthree archaeological sites and determinedthat the bottles must have been made dur-ing the ca. 1880-1886 period. They couldhave been made both before and after thattime, but they must have been made betweenthose dates. Lockhart emailed the SalfordLocal History Library and discovered thatthe company was not called FrederickHampson Glass Works until 1892. Weneeded a better answer.

May Jones (1968:17) claimed the factorywas more likely that of F. Hitchins. FrancisHitchins was manager of the Lockport GlassCo., but the period of his activity predatedthe manufacture of these bottles, and therewas no evidence that he ever used the nameFrancis Hitchins Glass Works. We turnedour attention to the Federal Hill Glass Worksin Baltimore, MD. Both Whitten andLockhart emailed and wrote to collectors,libraries, and historical societies in the area.Finally, William A. “Doc” Anderson of theBaltimore Antique Bottle Club checked thecity directories for us. The factory wasshown to have closed before these bottleswere produced.

Meanwhile, in a project unrelated to thisresearch, Lockhart was looking into the pos-sibility that some individual mold makersleft their “signatures” on bottle bases. Onesuch signature was the Maltese cross foundon bases of beer bottles from several differ-ent companies, including F H G W. All ofthe other companies using bottles bearingthis “signature” were located in the St.Louis, MO, area. Even before this evidencewas presented, Whitten had insisted that thebottles were probably from St. Louis ornearby. He was finally able to visit St. Louisin the spring of 2005 where he found theanswer.

Bottles and MarksF H G WThis mark is found on export-style, 26-

ounce “quart” beer bottles. Toulouse(1971:202-203) dated the mark “circa 1880 to1900,” based on the general time frame forbottles of that type. In fact, he only discussedthe bottle type—not company information.

Wilson (1981:115-117) illustrated 37bottles with the F H G W mark from FortUnion (1863-1891); three blue, the rest am-ber in color. In every case, the mark wasacross the center of the base, although punc-tuation could be either present or absent.Many of the marks were accompanied by asmall, embossed dot above the mark, andone had a Maltese cross over the mark. Allincluded numbers below the mark rangingfrom 1 to 36. Herskovitz (1978:8) found 129beer bottles with the mark at Fort Bowie(1862-1894). Although he did not includepossible variations in his analysis, he notednumbers accompanying the marks rangingfrom 1 to 89. Lockhart and Olszewski (1994),however, only found two examples at SanElizario, TX, with accompanying numbersof 4 and 14. Ayres et al. (1980:unnumberedpage) showed the mark across the centerwith a number below with or without punc-tuation and with or without the accompa-nying dot above. They showed numbers 13and 31. Usually a good source for additionalinformation, Ayres et al. (1980:17) only notedthat the mark was “unidentified.” Jones(1966:8) also only showed the logo across thecenter and added that numbers ranged from1 through 38. She noted that bottles wereboth amber and aqua [actually a light blue]in color. Jones (1968:17) also noted that an FH G W bottle from Fort Union had a St. LouisLager Beer label.

Wilson (1981:5), however, contradictedJones by saying that “not a single label ofthis type [St. Louis Lager Beer] was found atFort Union, where Anheuser-Busch St. LouisLager Beer labels occur in profusion.” Hesuggested that, since Fort Laramie (the sec-ond fort he excavated) was occupied by ci-vilians after 1891, the brand was an “imita-tive product” of the Anheuser St. Louis La-ger. If this is correct, and Jones’ identifica-tion of the label and mark are correct (al-though not the location where the bottle wasfound), this indicates that the bottles mayhave been made fairly late—in the 1890s.

However, Jones may also have been look-ing at an Anheuser St. Louis beer label andnot have been as observant as usual.

Creswick (1995:59-60) showed agrooved-ring, wax-sealer fruit jar with the FH G W mark across the center of the baseand a single-digit number below it. Themarks came in small- and large-letter varia-tions.

There appears to be only one variationof this mark: embossed across the center ofthe base. Some bottles have an embosseddot above the mark, and a very few have anembossed Maltese cross above the mark inplace of the dot. Punctuation in the markscan be either present or absent. Every markwe have found has a number between 1 and89 below the mark. Bottles were made fromamber and light blue (possibly aqua) glass.

F. H.Creswick (1995:59) showed three slight

variations of the F. H. mark (with 1, 6, or nonumber below the initials) on bases ofgrooved-ring, wax-sealer fruit jars. She at-tributed the mark to the Federal Hill GlassWorks, 1790 to ca. 1905, although the latterdate is too late for that factory (see below).Whitten noted that his wax-sealer fruit jarsmarked with F H G W and F. H. are identi-cal in all observable ways except for themarks. Paul and Parmalee (1973:89) alsoshowed a Hutchinson bottle from East St.Louis, IL, marked with F. H. These marksmay have been from the same company thatused F H G W. Whitten also possesses an-other soda bottle from East St. Louis markedwith F. H., and we have been informed thatone more is known.

Baltimore Glass WorksWe include this mark because the Fed-

eral Hill Glass Works was also known as theBaltimore Glass Works. The plant was morelikely to have used this mark than F H G W.Van Rensselaer (1921:6, 17) noted flasksmarked on the fronts with Baltimore/GlassWorks. Freeman (1964:68, 94, 104) describeda flask embossed with an anchor and a ropemarked Baltimore Glass Works, as well as aGeorge Washington flask and one with ananchor. He did not provide a date range. Inanother instance, Freeman (1964:84) de-scribed a “Monumental City” flask em-bossed “Baltimore Glass Works Est’d 1780.Baker Bros. & Co.”

The F H G W MarkBill Lockhart and David Whitten


BACK TO CONTENTSCreswick (1995:10, 14) also showed a

fruit jar embossed “BALTIMORE” (slightdownward arch)/”GLASS WORKS” (hori-zontal) on the front. She dated the jar ca.1860. The plant was owned by Baker Bros.who also made jars marked with their names(BAKER BROS. & CO. BALTIMORE, MD.)on the bases.

FHToulouse (1971:202) noted this the “mod-

ern mark” used by Frederick Hampson GlassWorks, Salford, England.

The CompaniesFrederick Hampson Glass WorksAccording to Toulouse (1971:202-203),

the Frederick Hampson Glass Works,Salford, Lancashire, England (which hedated “1851-?”) used the F H G W mark.Unfortunately, he provided virtually noother information. His discussion centeredon the bottles themselves, rather than thecompany. It is likely that he could find noother factory with the necessary initials.

Founded in 1851, the company was origi-nally called Phillips and Hampson. About1892, the name was changed to FrederickHampson Glass Works (1892-1893 direc-tory). The company remained in businessuntil about 1980. According to an 1892 ar-ticle, Hampson did a brisk trade with “Aus-tralia and the colonies” (personal commu-nication with Tricia Nuttall, library assistantat the Salford Local History Library, 2004).“The colonies” may have loosely referred tothe United States (no longer a colony by thattime), but it may have meant other Britishcolonies.

Francis HitchinsJones (1968:17) claimed the factory was

more likely that of F. Hitchins. She cited theMcKearins in their discussion of the begin-ning of the Lockport Glass Co., Lockport,NY. The factory began to operate in 1840,but one of the original four owners, one“Hitchins,” bought out the rest sometimebetween 1850 and 1860. Another collectorprovided her with the information thatHitchins’ first initial was “F.”

The Hitchins identification as the user ofthe F H G W mark on beer bottles does notstand up to close scrutiny. Two main factseliminate Hitchins from the list of contend-ers for the use of this mark. First, there is noindication that the Lockport Glass Works ofwhich he was the owner was ever operatedunder any other name. Nor is there any in-dication that he owned any other factory.Second, Hitchins operated the LockportGlass Works from 1850 to 1866 (seeMcKearin and Wilson 1978:137-142 for a

more thorough history of both Hitchins andLockport). McKearin and McKearin(1941:194), however, placed the date ofHitchins’ sale at 1872. The national use ofamber beer bottles, such as those found atthe sources listed above, however, did notbegin until 1872 or 1873. Therefore, Hitchinswas in business too early to have made thesebottles.

Other PossibilitiesWe looked through all our 19th-century

sources for anyone with a last name begin-ning with “H” and a first name beginningwith “F” to produce the following list:

Herdman, F. H.: part of the Kearns glass-houses, 1870s (McKearin and Wilson1978:166-167)

Hirsch, Francis: involved with BostonWindow Glass ca. 1825 (Wilson 1972:86-87)

Hitchins, Francis: owned Lockport GlassCo. 1850-1866 (McKearin and Wilson1978:137-142)

Houghton, Francis: involved with UnionGlass Co. Ca. 1854 (Wilson 1972:309-310)

All four of these men were in the glassbusiness too early to have been the “F H”we seek, and none owned a glass house inwhich the labels incorporated their names.

Federal Hill Glass WorksInterestingly, there was a Federal Hill

Works (also known as Federal Hill GlassWorks) in Baltimore, MD. It was also knownas the Patapsco River Glass-House and theHughes Street Works and was initially op-erated by Frederick M. Amelung & Co. Theplant was apparently in production fromabout 1799 to 1853 (Knittle 1927:297, 299,302).

McKearin and McKearin (1941:587)traced Frederick Amelung & Co., located atthe “foot of Federal Hill” from the company’sinception on 16 November 1799 to at least1905 at which date they noted: “Companywas still in operation.” The firm made“bottles and flasks of all kinds” in 1853.

McKearin and Wilson (1978:71-74, 130-131, 665), however, called the factory “TheBaltimore Glass Works,” and a number offlasks were embossed BALTIMORE/GLASS/WORKS (see above). Production ofglass actually began at Federal Hill on 1January 1800. After a series of owners hadcome and gone, the Baker Brothers, headedby William Baker, purchased the factory ca.1845. The Bakers allowed a group of blow-ers from the Federal Hill factory to start acooperative known as the Spring GardenGlass Works. The cooperative failed by 1859,and the Bakers also bought the factory. By

1863, they had moved all bottle productionto the Spring Garden plant to concentrate onmaking window glass at Federal Hill. About1870, all production ceased at the FederalHill plant. It is therefore very unlikely thatbeer bottles made after 1872 were made ormarked with the F H G W logo at FederalHill.

Creswick (1995:262) noted that the Bal-timore Glass Works was also known as Fed-eral Hill Glass Works and the BaltimoreGlass Manufactory. She dated all the namesat 1799 to 1905. The 1864 Baltimore city di-rectory (on-line at <http://www.bcpl.net/~pely/1864/>) listed both the BaltimoreGlass Works and the Federal Hill GlassWorks. Doc Anderson, however, checkedBaltimore city directories from 1870 to 1900and could find no listing for the Federal HillGlass Works. This confirms the McKearins’claim that the factory ceased production in1870.

Frederick Heitz Glass WorksWhen Whitten checked the St. Louis city

directories, he found Frederick W. Heitz(usually as Heitz, Frederick) listed under theGlass Manufacturers category. Heitz waslocated at the northwest corner of Main(Dorcas and Main) from 1883 to 1896. Al-though little is known about this company,it fits the time period when bottles markedF H G W are known to have been made.Heitz was listed as a grocer prior to his in-volvement with the glass business. In the1898 directory, he was listed as “foreman,”presumably at one of the other glass facto-ries in St. Louis. A “Christian Heitz” wasone of the officers at the Lindell Glass Co. in1880.

Frederick Heitz was born in 1839 inPrussia and was 41 years old when he wasinterviewed during the 1880 census. Heitzwas married and listed himself as a “RetailGrocer.” His wife, Mena, was 40 at the timeand was also born in Prussia. Christian Heitzwas born in 1837 (also in Prussia) and wasprobably a brother to Frederick. Christianlisted his occupation as “Owner GlassHouse” (probably referring to Lindell) andlived with his 39-year-old wife, Minna, theirson, and their two daughters (1880 Census).According to St. Louis death records,Frederick died in 1907 at age 67. He wasagain listed as a grocer.

Mold-Makers’ SignaturesDuring the 19th century, very few glass

houses made their own molds. In readingglass company histories, it is unusual to finda glass plant with its own mold-making ca-pacity. It is thus quite likely that many glasshouses used the same mold maker to pro-


BACK TO CONTENTSduce the molds they needed.

It is possible that some of the individualmold engravers included their own “signa-tures” on baseplates they created. Toulouse(1971:537) discussed the possibility of the useof the mold-cutter’s “signature” in connec-tion with Nuttall & Co. from 1872 to 1913.Although Nuttall & Co. was an English com-pany, the time period is similar to the possi-bilities we cite below. Numerous beer bottlebases are embossed with small lines, ticmarks, or similar extraneous markings. Wesuggest that two other likely “signatures” areMaltese crosses and “X”’s found onbaseplates of amber and aqua beer bottlesfrom the ca. 1875-1890 period.

Maltese CrossesEssentially identical Maltese crosses ap-

pear above the manufacturer’s marks onamber, aqua, and light blue beer bottle baseswith logos of F H G W, M G Co, L G Co, S B& G Co, I G Co, and I G Co L. Initially, wethought that these Maltese crosses mighthave been engraved by an itinerant moldmaker who moved from company to com-pany, adding his individual “signature” toeach baseplate. However, because few glasshouses produced their own molds, it is morelikely that this individual worked for a singlemold-producing company and engravedbaseplates for each of the glass houses dur-ing the same time period.

Manufacturer’s Marks andMaltese Crosses

These manufacturer’s marks (F H G W,M G Co, L G Co, S B & G Co, I G Co and I GCo L) all have two things in common: (1) theyare occasionally accompanied by a Maltesecross, always positioned above the logo onexport-style beer bottles; and (2) the identi-fication of the manufacturer has been in dis-pute in most cases. The I G Co mark mayhave been used by either the Ihmsen GlassCo. (Pittsburgh), the Illinois Glass Co.(Alton), or both—although the I G Co L markwas certainly used by Ihmsen (see Lockhartet al. 2005). Although there were many con-tenders for the M G Co mark, we have nar-rowed it down to the Mississippi Glass Co.(St. Louis). As with M G Co, there weremany possibilities for the user of the L G Comark, but we have reduced that to a verystrong case for the Lindell Glass Co. (St.Louis) as the user on beer bottle bases. TheS B & G Co mark from Streator, however, isnot in contention, and the glass house usingF H G W is discussed above.

If the Maltese cross is, indeed, a conjoin-ing factor (as in the case of a single moldmaker using it as a “signature”), then we canlook for commonalities. We already knowthat all six made export-style beer bottles

with no embossing on the body of the con-tainers. Both Mississippi Glass and Lindellwere in St. Louis; Alton, Illinois (home ofthe Illinois Glass Co.), is just across the river.Streator and Ihmsen, however, were farthernorth and east.

Because three of the five identified com-panies were in the St. Louis area, then theunknown member of the group might alsobe located in St. Louis or fairly nearby in Il-linois. This supposition fits perfectly withFrederick Heitz. His location in St. Louismakes him an ideal candidate for the userof the F H G W mark.

Dating of the marks becomes interesting.Six of the San Elizario bottles had Maltesecrosses embossed on their bases. Two wereI G Co; four were M G Co. Although L GCo, S B & G Co, and F H G W bases were inthe assemblage, none had Maltese crossesas part of the basal markings. This may justindicate that this sample was too small toinclude any of the cross-marked bottles.However, it may mean that the Maltese crosswas just phasing in during the ca. 1880-1887period when the bottles were discarded.

Discussion and ConclusionBottles marked with F H G W were com-

mon at both Fort Bowie and Fort Union. Thepresence of the bottles at the forts indicatesthat the manufacturer must have made themduring the 1863-1891 period. We can shortenthe timeframe to 1872-1891 because bottledbeer was not transported over long distancesuntil after the development of pasteurizationfor beer by Anheuser Busch in 1872 or 1873.Since Lockhart reappraised the time periodfor the use of the San Elizario bottle pit to1880-1886 based on more recent data aboutmarks, and only two bottles with the F H GW mark were found at San Elizario, we canhypothesize that the bottles were probablydeposited at the forts within the San Elizariodates.

Whitten’s discovery of the FrederickHeitz glass factory operating in St. Louis,MO, from 1883 to 1896, fits perfectly withall currently known information about the FH G W mark as well as the time periods forboth forts and the San Elizario deposits. TheF H G W mystery is solved at last.

Bottles with the F. H. mark, however,remain in question. Containers with the F.H. mark seem out of character with the restof Heitz’s products. All his export beerbottles and fruit jars (at least the ones markedF H G W) were otherwise unembossed (i.e.,no logos or names of local companies). Heseemed to rely on the generic market. Thesoda bottles marked F. H., on the other hand,are all embossed with bottlers’ names. Ifthose were his earliest products, however,he might have tried that approach and de-cided that generic bottles were easier, faster,

and more profitable.We have seen or been informed about

very few bottles with the F. H. mark, butthese have all been made for bottlers in EastSt. Louis—across the river in Illinois.Whitten suggested that St. Louis bottlerscould have ignored Heitz because of hissmall glass house, and he may only havemade name-embossed containers for East St.Louis businesses. The larger St. Louis com-panies (Lindell Glass Co. and MississippiGlass Co.) and the nearby giant, Illinois GlassCo. (Alton), may have badly undercut hisprices.

It is also possible that the mysterious F.H. mark belongs to another company alto-gether, although this is unlikely. We havenot run across any other company or indi-vidual (see above) that fits the initials andwould have been in business during the cor-rect time period. All bottles (of which weare aware) with the F. H. mark were usedduring the time period when Heitz was inbusiness. Frederick Heitz is the most parsi-monious identification for the initials.

One final possibility must be considered.F. H. may be the initials of an individual whoowned more than one soda bottling com-pany in East St. Louis. Hutchinson bottleswere shipped and stored in cases upsidedown so that the moisture of the drinkwould maintain the seal. Bottlers soon be-gan having their initials embossed on thebase to quickly distinguish their own bottlesfrom those of competitors. The initials wereas often those of the owner as they were thebusiness name. The practice continued intothe 1930s, long after bottles were packedright side up. Current evidence stronglypoints to Frederick Heitz as the user of the FH G W mark. Heitz’s identification as theembosser of the F. H. mark, although lesspronounced, remains the most likely choice.

Sources CitedAyres, James E., William Liesenbien, LeeFratt, and Linda Eure

1980 Beer Bottles from the Tucson Ur-ban Renewal Project, Tucson, AZ. Manu-script, Arizona State Museum Archives,RG5, Sg3, Series 2, Subseries 1, Folder 220.

Creswick, Alice1995 The Fruit Jar Works, Vol. I, Listing

Jars Made Circa 1820 to 1920’s. Douglas M.Leybourne, N. Muskegon, MI.

Freeman, Larry1964 Grand Old American Bottles. Cen-

tury House, Watkins Glen, NY.

Herskovitz, Robert M.1978 Fort Bowie Material Culture. Uni-

versity of Arizona Press, Tucson.


BACK TO CONTENTSJones, May

1966 The Bottle Trail, Volume 6. NaraVista, NM.

1968 The Bottle Trail, Volume 9. NaraVista, NM.

Knittle, Rhea Mansfield1927 Early American Glass. Appleton-

Century, New York.

Lockhart, Bill, David Whitten, Bill Lindsey,Jay Hawkins, and Carol Serr

2005 The Dating Game: The IhmsenGlass Company. Bottles and Extras 16(2):26-31.

Lockhart, Bill, and Wanda Olszewski1994 Excavation and Analysis of a Nine-

teenth Century Bottle Pit in San Elizario,Texas. The Artifact 32(1):29-49.

McKearin, Helen, and George McKearin1941 American Glass. Crown Publishers,

NY.

McKearin, Helen, and Kenneth M. Wilson1978 American Bottles & Flasks and Their

Ancestry. Crown Publishers, NY.

Paul, John R., and Paul W. Parmalee1973 Soft Drink Bottling: A History with

Special Reference to Illinois. Illinois State Mu-seum Society, Springfield, Il.

Toulouse, Julian Harrison1971 Bottle Makers and Their Marks. Tho-

mas Nelson, NY.

Van Rensselaer, Stephen1921 Check List of Early American Bottles

and Flasks. Cracker Barrel Press,Southhampton, NY.

Wilson, Rex1972 New England Glass and Glassmaking.

Thomas Y. Crowell, New York.

1981 Bottles on the Western Frontier.University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

FFFFFocus onocus onocus onocus onocus onSacrSacrSacrSacrSacramentamentamentamentamentooooo

The Silent Auction/Reception on Thursday night will be held in the grand ball-room of the Masonic Temple, a National Register gem just two blocks from theHyatt. Attendees can expect a memorable event, including beer and wine tastinghosted by local CRM firms and agencies, and entertainment supplied by a localswing band for all you dancing fans.

This first annual event has the potential to become one of the Society’s biggestfundraisers—and the success of this event depends on YOU—the members of theSociety. For the average member, the auction will be a very fun and painless wayto make a contribution to the Society. For businesses, the auction represents aunique and high–value opportunity to market your products or services to theregional CRM and archaeology communities.

The Masonic Temple is an awesome venue and with free flowing beer andwine this is sure to be an incredibly fun event that will be reminisced

about for years!

BeerBeerBeerBeerBeer- and W- and W- and W- and W- and Wine-ine-ine-ine-ine-TTTTTasasasasastingtingtingtingting

RRRRRecepecepecepecepeception/Silent Ation/Silent Ation/Silent Ation/Silent Ation/Silent Auctionuctionuctionuctionuction

111112 Januar2 Januar2 Januar2 Januar2 January 2006

y 2006y 2006y 2006y 2006


BACK TO CONTENTS

Minutes of the Wednesday Meeting of the Board ofDirectors of The Society for Historical Archaeology, Queen’s

Moat House Hotel, York, England, 5 January 2005President William Moss called the meet-

ing to order at 8:37 a.m. at The York MoatHouse in York, England. Present: JudithBense, Anne Giesecke, Barbara Heath, JuliaKing, William Lees, Sara Mascia, KimMcBride, Robert Neyland, Daniel Roberts,Greg Waselkov, and Martha Zierden. Alsopresent: Rebecca Allen, Karen Hutchison,Nellie Longsworth, Beth Palys, DouglasScott, and Mark Staniforth.

I. Announcements and Opening RemarksMoss welcomed all of the board mem-

bers to York.

II. MinutesMascia reported that the Minutes from

the June 2004 board meeting were approvedby the board via an email vote in Octoberand printed in the SHA Newsletter.

III. ReportsPresident’s Report (W. Moss):

Moss reported that 2004 was a criticalyear for the SHA. He stated that his focusduring the year was on responsible steward-ship and the financial health of the Society.He reported that the three priorities of hispresidency included: procuring the servicesof a new business office; preparing the 2005conference in York; and managing SHA’sfinances soundly. Each of these prioritieswas successfully met. The SHA has a newheadquarters that is functioning very effi-ciently and to the satisfaction of the board;the York conference is a solid success; andnumerous efforts were made to bring SHA’sfinancial situation under control.

Moss thanked the SHA board membersand the headquarters staff for their work onbehalf of the SHA during the year. He alsothanked Immediate Past President Julia Kingfor her initiative and hard work on fund-rais-ing and development issues. Moss discussedthe activities that he completed since the June2004 board meeting including the transitionto a new headquarters. He reported the tran-sition from TMG to MSP was a difficult pro-cess and required board intervention on sev-eral occasions. The transition was completedin early December. Moss thanked Secretary-Treasurer Sara Mascia for her considerableefforts throughout the year in coordinatingfinancial activities with headquarters staff.

Moss also presented a review of his cor-respondence:

•Voinovitch Amendment to Transporta-tion Bill (to Conferees) concerning heritage

protection procedures;•Washington Post concerning activities

of amateur archaeologist, Received thanksfrom SHA members in Washington area;

•Honorable Arnold Schwarznegger con-cerning proposed abolition of Historical Re-sources Commission, Received thanks fromCAA and California members;

•Paula Mayo, South Street Seaport Mu-seum concerning suppression of positions atthe museum, Received thanks from PANYC,Diane Dallal;

•John Fowler, ACHP, identified press-ing issues in response to discussion docu-ment;

•Center for Digital Archaeology Initia-tive, support for their initiative;

•David Olson, Department of the Army,Corps of Engineers, recommend adoptingSection 106 procedures.

Moss reported that he also sent out let-ters confirming committee chair appoint-ments (Beaudry, Zierden, Warner, Schuyler,Russell); letters of thanks to outgoing com-mittee chairs (Agbe-Davies, Scarlett, Olsen);and letters of thanks to outgoing board mem-bers (Roberts, Zierden, Michael).

Moss stated that he was pleased with theresults of the SHA’s international projectsincluding the publication of a French-lan-guage underwater brochure with ACUA.Finally, he reported that the board approvedsending Dr. Innocent Pikirayi, of MidlandState University in Zimbabwe, the SHA CDand hard copies of Historical Archaeology forthe University’s library. A letter of thankswas received from Dr. Pikirayi.

Secretary-Treasurer’s Report (S. Mascia):Mascia reported that the following email

votes and/or board directives had takenplace since June 2004.

On 17 September 2004 the board votedon the following motions:

MOTION # 1Julia King moved that the board accept

the proposed Standard Operating Procedureand Scope of Collections Statement as pre-sented with only minor editorial changes.The motion was seconded by Judy Bense.

Motion carried. 10 votes Aye; 0 votesNay; 0 Abstentions.

MOTION # 2Julia King moved that SHA contribute

$1,000 to the Society for AmericanArchaeology’s endowment in recognition ofthe extraordinary help and advice SAA Ex-ecutive Director Tobi Brimsek providedSHA during our business office transition.

The motion was seconded by Judy Bense.Motion carried. 9 votes Aye; 0 votes Nay;

1 Abstention.In November 2004, the board agreed that

the SAA survey would be posted on the Website for members to access.

Mascia reported that because of in-creased costs and the transition to a newheadquarters, the SHA did operate at a defi-cit during 2004. She further reported thatthe financial picture looks better for the So-ciety for 2005. She reported that the BudgetCommittee was meeting this week and shewould report any further information to theboard during the 8 January meeting.

Mascia also reported that she waspleased by the attentive service that Man-agement Solutions Plus has provided theSociety and thanked them for their workduring the last eight months.

Editor’s Report (R. Michael, written report:R. Allen, present):

Michael reported that his 2004 activitieswere routine, but numerous, involving pro-duction of four issues of Historical Archaeol-ogy and solicitation of manuscripts for thejournal and for volumes to be co-publishedwith the University Press of Florida. He alsoreported that the development of projects forthe University of Nebraska co-publicationagreement has continued and will soon re-sult in the solicitation of manuscripts.

Michael reported that 2004 was unusualas he was preparing for editorial retirement.The year involved extensive interaction withRebecca Allen, who will assume the editoroffice in early January 2005. Michael statedthat these preparations will allow for a seam-less transition within the Society. He re-ported that Allen has been working tirelesslyand that the Society will almost immediatelysee her editorial imprint.

Michael reported that as he steps down,he hopes that he has made a reasonable con-tribution to historical archaeology and TheSociety for Historical Archaeology. Hestated that it has been an honor to haveserved for many years as the Society Editor.

Allen reported that Michael has beenextraordinarily generous with his time. Shehas asked him to serve on the Editorial Ad-visory Committee. She stated that the nextthree journals have been edited and she willsoon be working on the fourth. She furtherreported that the SHA volume Unlocking thePast will be out soon.

Moss expressed his warmest and heart-


BACK TO CONTENTSfelt thanks on behalf of the board to Michaelfor his 27 years of service to the SHA. Bensenoted that under Michael’s guidance Histori-cal Archaeology has become one of the mostrespected journals in our field.

Giesecke suggested that the board ac-knowledge his service and commitment fur-ther. Bense agreed. King recommended thatthe board should make thisacknowledgement at the Business Meeting.

Newsletter Editor (W. Lees):Lees reported that his first three-year

term as Newsletter Editor was coming to anend. Four issues were printed during 2004.Lees stated that the large membership direc-tory was eliminated from publication dur-ing the year, because it is now available onthe SHA Web site. Lees also reported thatthe winter issue was transformed into a trialelectronic version. The comments wereoverwhelmingly positive, but some mem-bers who do not have access to a computerstill prefer the printed version. As a cost-reduction measure, only three issues of theNewsletter will be produced in 2005. Leesstated that for the first time in many yearsall the Current Research Coordinator posi-tions are filled.

Giesecke remarked that the GovernmentAffairs Committee could produce a columnfor future Newsletters.

Headquarters Report (K. Hutchison):Transition:SHA’s 2003 and first quarter 2004 finan-

cial records were received from Talley on 3December 2004, allowing MSP to completethe transition.

Membership:Dues renewal invoices for the 2005 mem-

bership year were mailed in early October;a second notice was mailed on 10 Decem-ber. A third and final dues renewal noticewill be mailed out in mid-January. After 31January 2005 anyone not renewing theirmembership will be moved into the lapsedmember database.

As of 14 December 2004, 1,220 membershad submitted payment for the 2005 mem-bership year; this represents roughly 50% ofthe current SHA membership. Of the 1,220,roughly 30 were formerly lapsed memberswho have rejoined the SHA.

SHA 2005 Conference (G. Jan):Jan reported that there were a total of 947

people registered for the conference in York.She stated that the conference has good num-bers and that she anticipates no problems.

Hutchison will have to wait for the finalsponsorship money to come in before she cangive a final accounting. Hutchison alsothanked King for her work on sponsorship.She recommended that the SHA continue towork on this for the health of the organiza-

tion.Other Headquarters Office Efforts:Hutchison reported that the stock of two

SHA brochures is running very low, and adecision is needed on reprinting.

Mascia recommended that Allen,Hutchison, and Heath review the costs forreprinting old brochures and/or creatingnew brochures and present a brief report tothe Budget Committee.

Hutchison reported that after workingwith the SHA for eight months she has com-piled the following recommendations:

• Board members should attend a Boardgovernance seminar.

• Board members should begin to workon creating a Strategic Plan.

• The board should create an ExecutiveCommittee, which would have the author-ity to make emergency decisions.

Giesecke proposed that this ExecutiveCommittee be made up of elected officers(President, President-Elect, Secretary, Trea-surer and the Immediate Past President aslong as that position exists). The Editors ofthe Newsletter and Journal will be contactedas appropriate on issues that concern publi-cations. Zierden seconded. Motion carried.

Roberts suggested that this committee beadded to the bylaws.

Hutchison stated that the final item inthe headquarters report is the MSP fee forworking on the SHA Conference. Palysstated that MSP tracks their time on varioustasks and this year they have extended theirtime on the conference well above the$60,000 management fee in the 2005 budget.

Palys stated that if the same amount ofwork is involved next year, MSP will ask fora $125,000 conference fee.

This will be further discussed by theBudget Committee and during the Saturdayboard meeting.

Standing Committee Reports:ACUA (R. Neyland):Neyland reported that the French-lan-

guage underwater brochure was printed anda mailing list was submitted by Toni Carrell.William Moss and Robert Neyland drafteda letter from the SHA President and ACUAChair to accompany the mailing. He statedthat the ACUA proposes to create anotherbrochure in Portuguese. They would alsolike to make the Spanish and French elec-tronic versions of the brochure available.

Neyland also reported that he was work-ing with Toni Carrell, Annalies Corbin, andPaul Johnston on redrafting the ACUA by-laws. He started that Jerome Hall hasheaded up an ACUA subcommittee to lookat the question of qualifications and profes-sionalism for underwater archaeologists.This is a result of the recent development ofdeepwater archaeology projects in which

individuals without any background in ar-chaeology are named as the archaeologicaldirectors to head projects. Likewise indi-viduals with minimal training become des-ignated principal investigators of underwa-ter recovery projects thus merging salvage,treasure hunting, and archaeology.

Neyland reported the results of theACUA elections. Mark Staniforth, DellaScott-Ireton, and Filipe Castro were elected.Amanda Evans was also chosen as ACUAstudent representative. Neyland stated thathe will be stepping down as chair during theupcoming Business Meeting and Staniforthwill be taking his place.

Neyland provided the board with a copyof TITLE XIV-Sunken Military Craft legisla-tion, which was signed into law on 28 Octo-ber.

Moss thanked Neyland for his participa-tion and hard work as ACUA chair.

Budget Committee (S. Mascia):Mascia reported that the committee

would be meeting on Saturday morning toreview the 2005 budget and determine if anyadditions or changes are needed. The com-mittee will also begin preliminary plans forthe 2006 Operations Budget and the 2006Conference Budget.

Conference Committee (P. Garrow):Pat Garrow, Harold Mytum, Dana

McGowan, and Stacy Schneyder joined themeeting at this time.

2005Moss thanked Mytum for all of his ef-

forts for the 2005 Conference. Mytum re-ported that he was particularly happy thatthere were 181 attendees from the UK. Healso reported that English Heritage washolding a book launch at the reception anddonating 5,000 pounds to the conference.Mytum thanked King for her assistance withfundraising and McBride for her assistancewith the Silent Auction.

King reported on the efforts to solicitsponsorship for the 2005 Conference.

2006Jan prepared an overview of the plans

for the 2006 SHA conference. The theme ofthe 2006 Conference is “Life on the Edge.”The conference venue is the Hyatt RegencySacramento Hotel. Garrow introduced theSacramento Committee members present,the Conference Chair Dana McGowan andthe Local Arrangements Chair StacySchneyder. He also stated that the ProgramCoordinator was Sannie Osborn, assisted byThad Van Bueren and Jerome Hall. Garrowreported that the committee is exceptionallyqualified to organize a conference.

2007Garrow reported that he and Jan made a

trip to Williamsburg to review plans at the


BACK TO CONTENTSnew Colonial Williamsburg conference fa-cilities. They reported that ColonialWilliamsburg confirmed that constructionhas actually begun on the new meetingspace, which should be ready in advance ofthe 2007 Conference. The facilities were in-spected and it was determined that there willbe sufficient rooms to house the anticipatedattendance at that meeting. The hotel con-tract was signed in September 2004.

2008At the present time, Garrow reported

that the Committee has not received an of-fer for 2008. He stated that this may be anexperimental year, with the committee andBusiness Office working together to find avenue that might not have a local commit-tee.

2009Garrow reported that he and Jan trav-

eled to Toronto in October to inspect pos-sible venues for a future SHA meeting. Anumber of hotels were inspected. A Requestfor Proposal has been sent to several Torontohotels.

McBride moved that the Board accept theToronto proposal for 2009. Giesecke sec-onded. Motion carried.

Moss stated that he would be workingwith Garrow and Hutchison to revise theConference Manual.

Nominations and Elections Committee (J.King):

King reported that the Nominations andElections Committee identified a total of 10candidates to stand for 3 offices (President,Board [2], 2005 Nominations and ElectionsCommittee [2]).

She also reported that the 647 tabulatedballots cast in the 2004 election represent a33.91% return. The following members wereelected to the five available positions:

• Douglas D. Scott (President-Elect [forone year] beginning January 2005)

• J. W. Joseph (Board member, beginningJanuary 2005)

• Terry Klein (Board member, beginningJanuary 2005)

• Anna Agbe-Davies (N&E Committee,beginning January 2005)

• Susan Langley (N&E Committee, be-ginning January 2005).

She expressed her congratulations tothese members and thanked all of the indi-viduals who agreed to stand for election.

Hutchison stated that it may be moreeconomical for the SHA to contract for elec-tronic ballots in the future. She reported thatthere are companies who specialize in help-ing organizations with elections. The boardagreed that this may be an option for thefuture.

The members of the board observed threeminutes of silence for the victims of the Tsunami.

Presidential Committee Reports:Academic and Professional Training

Committee:Moss reported that Mark Warner would

be taking over as chair of this committee in2005.

Mascia stated that Cassandra Michaudwould continue in her role as EmploymentCoordinator for the SHA.

Awards Committee (M. Beaudry):Beaudry reported that the following

awards will be presented at the 2005 confer-ence:

• The J. C. Harrington Medal will be pre-sented to Marcel Moussette.

• The James Deetz Award will be pre-sented to Laurie Wilkie, University of Cali-fornia at Berkeley, for The Archaeology ofMothering: An African-American Midwife’sTale.

• The Awards of Merit will be presentedto the following recipients: The

• Society for Post-Medieval Archaeol-ogy; English Heritage; the Ironbridge Gorge

• Museums Trust; Dr. Marilyn Palmer,FSA; and, Dr. David Gaimster, FSA.

Beaudry further reported that the JohnL. Cotter and Ruppé awards would not bepresented in 2005.

Moss stated that the following additionalawards would also be presented at the 2005conference:

• Ed and Judy Jelks Award• Lynda Carroll, Binghamton University,

SUNY• Shannon Dunn, Syracuse University• Québec City Award• Marie-Annick Prevost, Université

Laval• Student Dissertation Prize, to Cameron

Monroe, University of California at Los An-geles, “The Dynamics of State Formation:The Archaeology and Ethnohistory of Pre-Colonial Dahomey.”

Curation, Collections Management,and Conservation Committee (R.Sonderman):

Sonderman reported that the membersof the Society’s Curation, Collections Man-agement, and Conservation Committee(CCMC) has been working on two signifi-cant issues that have a direct impact on ourmembership: the development of a nation-wide deaccessioning policy for archaeologi-cal collections, and the development of a setof policies and procedures for the long-termcare of the Society’s archival collections andSocietal memorabilia.

Sonderman also reported that an ad hocgroup comprised of committee membersfrom both the CCMC and the History Com-mittee chaired by Roderick Sprague has beenworking via email and phone on the devel-opment of a policy, a scope of collectionsstatement, and set of procedures for the long-

term care and preservation of the Society’sofficial records, memorabilia, and any otherobjects that contribute to the history of theSHA.

He reported that the ad hoc group hasbeen working to split the project into threemanageable pieces/phases. The first piecewas the development of a Standard Operat-ing Procedure (SOP) for managing theSociety’s archival collections, which has al-ready been adopted by the board. He re-ported that members of the ad hoc commit-tee have been in active consultation withstaff of the Smithsonian’s National Anthro-pological Archives (NAA) in preparing thedocument and securing the NAA as the per-manent repository for the Society’s archivalcollections.

Sonderman stated that the second phaseof this process would be the developmentof a scope of collections statement for theSociety’s archival collections. Ad hoc com-mittee member Tef Rodeffer submitted adraft Scope of Collections Statement for theSociety’s records to the ad hoc committee inJune of this year. Following a review bycommittee members Sprague andSonderman, the board approved the Scopeof Collections Statement as presented, in thefall of 2004.

The National Anthropological Archiveshas agreed in principle with the ad hoc com-mittee that certain three-dimensional objectsgenerated by the Society (coffee mugs, totebags, etc.) do represent the history of theSociety and will be accepted. The curator ofthe NAA however, does not feel the archivescan, because of limited storage, be the reposi-tory for all of the Society’s memorabilia. TheNAA is willing to accept a representativesample of these types of objects.

Development Committee:King stated that this committee needs a

Chair and recommended President-ElectScott. Scott agreed to take over and buildupon the work that King started.

Gender and Minority Affairs Commit-tee (A. Agbe-Davies):

Agbe-Davies reported that the commit-tee planned to participate in the formulationof the membership survey. The committeewill focus on finding a new chair for 2005.

Government Affairs Committee (A.Giesecke, N. Longsworth):

Giesecke thanked SHA Lobbyist NellieLongsworth for her efforts on behalf of theSociety. She further thanked all of the mem-bers who responded with comments on theissues addressed by the committee this year.Giesecke stated that the SHA has an impres-sive group of experts who make a strongimpression in the legislative and regulatory


BACK TO CONTENTSarenas.

Giesecke reported that she worked withWilliam Moss and Nellie Longsworth to de-velop a standard language descriptor forSHA that can be used to identify the organi-zation when written comments are submit-ted. The statement reads as follows:

The Society for Historical Archaeology(SHA) is the largest scholarly group con-cerned with the archaeology of the modernworld with a membership of 2,500. SHApromotes scholarly research, historical ar-chaeology, and conservation of sites andmaterials on land and underwater. Mem-bers of SHA actually do the work requiredby Section 106 of the National Historic Pres-ervation Act and Section 4(f) of the FederalHighway Act on transportation projects. Wework with State Departments of Transpor-tation (DOTs), State Historic PreservationOfficers (SHPOs), Tribal Historic Preserva-tion Officers (THPOs), highway engineeringfirms, and the public to balance economicdevelopment with the protection of historicproperties and landscapes important to ournation.

Longsworth stated that she would con-tinue to send information to the board onthe following activities/issues:

• Government Streamlining,• Government Appropriations,• The need to identify allies for archae-

ology,• The reauthorization of the National

Historic Preservation Act and the AdvisoryCouncil on Historic Preservation.

Giesecke stated that the committeewould work to identify which legislatorsneed to be educated. She reported that lob-bying dates would be set up by Nellie forthe spring.

Giesecke recommended that the commit-tee reports and letters be posted on the SHAWeb site and that a note to that effect bepublished in the Newsletter. The board willconsider this suggestion.

History Committee (R. Schuyler):Schuyler reported that work on the oral

history project is continuing. Vincent Foleywas interviewed by Rick Sprague. He re-ported that a student member, BenjaminPykles, has now joined the committee.

Schuyler stated that he has agreed toserve another three-year term as the Chairof the History Committee (2005-2007) andall the other members are remaining on thecommittee.

InterSociety Relations Committee (M.Zierden):

Zierden reported that the InterSocietyRelations Committee worked throughout thesecond half of the year to establish a routinewith the new headquarters staff. Zierden

stated that Hutchison has been prompt andthorough in her response to requests forposters and other literature. She reportedthat MSP has also prepared new table-topposters for the committee.

Zierden stated that at the Mid-year BoardMeeting, Palys strongly advised against sell-ing journals and books on-site at conferencesand proposed a conference discount orderform instead. Headquarters reports thatthree conference-specific order forms wereprepared in 2004, and have resulted in nosales to date. Zierden suggested that thispolicy should be reexamined in the future.

The ISR committee and the organizationsthey work with now stands at 38. The com-mittee welcomed two new liaisons, VergilNoble for the Midwest Archaeological Con-ference and Lynn Furnis for the Great BasinAnthropological Conference. Zierden statedthat several important organizations do nothave representatives, and volunteers wouldbe welcome. These include National Coun-cil for Public History, Vernacular Architec-ture Forum, Society of Architectural Histo-rians, American Society for 18th CenturyStudies, and American Association of Mu-seums.

Zierden reported that several ISR mem-bers have proposed action items for the SHAto increase visibility in the larger archaeo-logical community.

US/ICOMOS representative TomWheaton has traditionally reported his af-fairs through the ISR, and so his report isincluded here. His term ends in January 2005and he suggested that SHA find a replace-ment. Zierden stated that Wheaton’s tire-less efforts would be missed. Wheatonraised several important issues for consid-eration by SHA. He has asked that the SHAconsider taking on a more active role inICOMOS. He stated that if the SHA is go-ing to further its efforts to be internationalin scope, then additional representation isneeded. Wheaton suggested that the SHAjoin ICOMOS as a member organization andprovide financial support for the appointedliaison to participate more fully in the orga-nization. Giesecke volunteered to look intothe issue of increased participation and howto get ICOMOS information out to the mem-bership.

Zierden reported that Sarah Holland, li-aison to the Nautical Archaeology Society,raised the possibility of an affiliate member-ship category with the SHA. The NAS hassuch an arrangement with the Institute ofNautical Archaeology. Under this mutualagreement, members of one society receivereciprocal journals of the other society for areduced price, agreed in advance. Zierdenasked the board to consider this issue.

Finally, Zierden stated that MartinKlein, liaison to the Marine Technology So-

ciety, proposed an increased use of emailannouncements from the SHA, which can beeasily forwarded to other organizations andtheir members.

Internet Advisory Committee (S. Olsen):Olsen reported that routine postings to

the SHA Web site continued throughout2004. She stated that the Web site receivedover 57,000 hits in 2004, a roughly 30% in-crease over last year. While hits have beenregistered from all over the world, viewerscontinue to come primarily from the UnitedStates, Canada, and the United Kingdom.Olsen found that the SHA Kid’s Page wasthe most popular page, followed by Employ-ment Opportunities, and the Guide toHigher Education. Archaeology Careers,and the page entitled “What is HistoricalArchaeology?” are also well visited.

Olsen reported that she would be step-ping down as Chair of this committee in2005. She expects a seamless transition.

Moss stated that Waselkov was chairinga search committee for the new Web siteeditor, but had received a limited response.Waselkov has found a volunteer to maintainthe site for six months while the committeecontinues its efforts toward finding a neweditor. Allen and Waselkov will work to-gether to create a description of the position.

Membership Committee (B. Heath):Heath reported that the SAA Salary Sur-

vey would be available in January. She alsostated that the upcoming Membership Sur-vey is still under discussion and would besent to the members in 2005. The committeehas been working to design a survey thatwould be multiple choice and thus easier totally.

Heath stated that she has begun a reviewof the current SHA membership categoriesand will present her report to the boardwhen it is complete.

Moss asked Heath to work with head-quarters to develop the new membershipbrochure.

Operations Review Committee (D. Rob-erts):

Roberts stated that he started workingon the revisions to the Procedures Manualwith the amendments to the Bylaws in mind.Allen stated that the manual should includedescriptions of the duties of Board Members.Scott recommended that the manual shouldbe rewritten as a series of work statements.

Action Item: The Directors Manualshould be compiled during 2005. Headquar-ters will coordinate this activity with par-ticipation from all Board Members and Com-mittee Chairs.


BACK TO CONTENTSPublic Information and Education

Committee (K. McBride):McBride reported that the committee

was very busy during the year and describedsome of the many tasks completed. She re-ported that Unlocking the Past was again amajor project and the anticipated publica-tion date would be February or March 2005.

McBride also reported that the encapsu-lated SHA banner was created with the as-sistance of Mark Freeman. The banner is 4feet long x 6 inches high and will have mul-tiple uses at meetings, displays, etc.

McBride reported that PEIC memberTara Tetrault’s workshop at the Mid-Atlan-tic regional National Council for Social Stud-ies (NCSS) Conference was a success. Hereffects in this area were recently rewardedwith a NEH grant for archaeology educationworkshops. McBride stated that this successled to the SHA’s participation in the nationalmeeting of the NCSS, held in November inBaltimore. The SHA provided four mem-bers to help staff a booth, jointly with ProjectArchaeology and SAA. This joint projectwas a great success.

McBride also stated that she wants toencourage the committee to concentrate oncreating a list of useful links to Public Edu-cation sites.

UNESCO Committee (M. Russell):The committee has continued to partici-

pate in international meetings supportingthe UNESCO Convention. Three nationshave ratified the convention (20 are needed).Through a series of initiatives, both domes-tic and international, the SHA’s UNESCOCommittee continues to actively promoteratification of the UNESCO Convention onthe Protection of the Underwater CulturalHeritage. Russell reported that the commit-tee is organizing a letter-writing campaignto encourage ratification and offer supportto those nations who voted in favor of theConvention.

Giesecke stated that they are still accept-ing names for addition to the list for targetedmailings.

Moss reported that Peggy Leshikar-Denton will be taking over as Chair of thiscommittee in 2005.

IV. Old Business

Waselkov reported that there were twowinners of the Jelks Student Travel awardthis year (see Awards Committee Report).He stated that the same amount of moneywould be awarded in 2006.

Moss reported that Mike Rodeffer under-went heart surgery. He sent good wishes toRodeffer and had flowers sent on behalf ofthe membership.

Internet Technical Series: Allen statedthat this activity should come under theEditor’s control and the money could comeout of the Editor’s budget in order to get theseries launched. Allen envisions that thisseries would contain short papers in PDFformat for inclusion on the Web site.

V. New Business

Giesecke moved that the SHA post theFrench, Spanish, and English UnderwaterBrochures on our Web site. Seconded byNeyland. Motion carried.

Moss reported that the SHA has beenasked by several organizations to create linksto other Web sites. He suggested that apolicy be created for linking to sites. It wasrecommended that the SHA create a dis-claimer when users leave the SHA site to goto a linked site. Allen suggested that thepolicy for linking to sites should be up tothe new Web site editor. The issue wastabled until the new editor is appointed.

Hearing no more new business Mossadjourned the meeting at 4:00 p.m.

President Judith Bense called the meet-ing to order at 5:05 p.m. at The Moat House,York, England. Present: Rebecca Allen,Anne Giesecke, Barbara Heath, Joe Joseph,William Lees, Sara Mascia, Kim McBride,William Moss, Douglas Scott, MarkStaniforth, and Greg Waselkov. Alsopresent: Pat Garrow, Nellie Longsworth,Beth Palys, and Karen Hutchison.

I. Announcements and Opening Remarks

Judith Bense welcomed all of the BoardMembers and presented the agenda.

II. Old Business: Committee UpdatesConference Committee (P. Garrow):

Garrow reported that the committee metto discuss the 2006 Sacramento Conferenceand the possible increase in the managementfee. Garrow stated that the Conference Com-mittee would be looking at ways to controlcosts. Possible changes include:

• Eliminating coffee breaks• Increasing registration• Increasing student registration fees

Minutes of the Saturday Meeting of the Board of Directorsof the Society for Historical Archaeology, Queen’s Moat

House Hotel, York, England, 8 January 2005• Looking to shift activities from Head-

quarters to the Local Committee (e.g., creat-ing the abstract book).

• Reinstating the advance abstract feeGarrow stated that the committee would

be making some tough decisions during thenext few months. He asked the board if vol-unteers could assume more responsibilityduring the conference week. Hutchisonstated that in order to maintain the high stan-dards of our meetings, headquarters staffmust retain control of the core responsibili-ties of the conference.

Hutchison suggested that the committeeexamine other ideas including increasingfundraising activities (Development Com-mittee) and getting a better on-line registra-tion program.

Mascia asked if the management feewould be reduced if some of these changeswere instituted? Palys will review the fol-lowing:

• Estimated meeting costs• Hours MSP spent on the conference

tasks• Recommendations regarding things

that can change (to reduce costs and increaserevenue)

• Where volunteers can help mostPalys will respond by the end of the

month.Garrow reminded the board that the call

for papers would be prepared very soon.

The board entered Executive Session fora short time to discuss the Conference Bud-get and Management Fee.

Budget Committee (S. Mascia):Mascia reported that the Budget Com-

mittee met and recommended the followingamendments to the 2005 Budget:

• An additional $350 for the ACUA forWeb site maintenance and expenses.

• This would bring the total line item forthe ACUA to $2,550.

• An allocation of $1,000 to reprint theSHA membership brochures.

• An allocation of $500 for SHA businessinsurance.

• An allocation of $1,000 for implement-ing the new curation policies.


BACK TO CONTENTSMcBride moved that the board accept

these changes. Seconded by Heath. Motioncarried.The committee also wanted to ask the

board to discuss the request for the Societyto become a member (institutional) of US/ICOMOS. Membership would be $375.

Staniforth stated that this would helpprovide the SHA with information on con-ferences, publications, and lobbying activi-ties. This would provide an important linkto UNESCO.

Giesecke stated that some of the indi-viduals in SHA are already members of US/ICOMOS. She stated that we should exam-ine if there are other ways to pass on infor-mation from this organization. This requestwill be tabled until the June Meeting.

Mascia reported that the expense for re-printing the Approaches to Material Culturevolume would come out of the PublicationsSmith Barney Fund. In order to begin re-plenishing this fund, Allen asked that anyroyalties paid to SHA be deposited in theFund. McBride moved that any royaltiesreceived be deposited in the PublicationsFund. Giesecke seconded. Motion carried.

Mascia stated that the Budget Commit-tee is also working on an investment policyfor the Society. During 2005, a draft will besent to the committee members and whenready it will be sent to the Board for review.

Mascia stated that at the June 2004 Mid-year meeting she reported that she wouldbe working with Ronn Michael and RebeccaAllen on the growing problem of storing anincreasing number of back issues of Histori-cal Archaeology. After careful study and acomparison between SHA membership feesand the cost of journal production, Michaelestablished a set of revised fees for back is-sue sales. Mascia thanked Michael for hisefforts. In addition, after reviewing pastsales and a variety of unviable options forthe back issues, it was recommended thatonly a limited number of each issue shouldbe kept and the rest should be disposed of.Allen stated that this would be the most cost-effective method of taking care of this prob-lem.

McBride moved that the SHA purge theback issues as recommended by the treasurerand editors. Scott seconded. Motion car-ried.

Action Item: During 2005, Hutchison,Mascia, and Heath will work on drafting aDues Policy for the Society.

Board Governance (J. Bense):Bense stated that she and Scott planned

to attend the ASAE Certified Elected Offi-cials (CEO) Symposium in Chicago usingmoney in the Presidential DiscretionaryFund.

Hutchison asked if the board memberswanted to participate in a one-day workshopon board governance in June 2005. Shestated that the fee for this would be approxi-mately $2,600, plus expenses for the facilita-tor. She also stated that the board could par-ticipate in a workshop on strategic planning,which would cost approximately $4,000,plus expenses.

McBride suggested that the board nottake on this expense at this time. The issuewas tabled.

Awards Committee (W. Moss):Moss reported that the Awards Commit-

tee met and has reduced their 2006 requestfor funding to $4,200. He stated that the com-mittee had also reduced the amount of ben-efits given to the awardees. Moss made amotion to accept the new allocations of theAwards Committee. Seconded byStaniforth. Heath asked to amend the mo-tion to state that the Harrington Award al-location should more accurately reflect thecost of attending the conference each year.Lees seconded the amendment. Moss andStaniforth accepted the amendment. Motionpassed.

Intersociety Relations Committee (M.Zierden):

Zierden asked that the board consider arequest that the committee be allowed to selljournals at meetings of other societies. Allensuggested that the committee target specificmeetings. Mascia suggested the SHA senda sample of the journals to some of the meet-

ings with the book sale forms.

Membership Committee (B. Heath):Heath reported that the membership

survey is in the final stages. The committeeis hoping to send it out in the spring.

Heath also reported that the committeeis beginning to consider the types of mem-bership categories and the fees charged. Shestated that they were concerned aboutchanging the student rate.

Giesecke suggested that the committeeexamining the dues policy consider using agraduated scale for membership based onincome.

Development Committee (D. Scott):Action Item: In 2005, work will concen-

trate on setting up the roles for the commit-tee members.

Committee Operations (J. Bense):Bense reminded committee chairs to re-

view the terms of their committee members.She also asked board liaisons to help com-mittee chairs identify committee membersand the length of their terms.

III. New Business

Bense suggested the weekend of 17-18June 2005 as the tentative date for the Mid-year Board Meeting. She asked that boardmembers let Hutchison know if they are ableto attend the meetings on those dates.

Hearing no other new business the meet-ing was adjourned at 8:00 p.m.

President Appoints NewCommittee Chairs

I am pleased to inform you that I have made two new Presidential CommitteeChair appointments:

• Internet Advisory Committee: Kelly Dixon, RPA, University of Montana,Department of Anthropology, Social Sciences Building, Missoula, MT 59812-3001,Phone: 406-243-2450; Fax: 406-243-4918; Email: <[email protected]>.

• Gender and Minorities: Carol A. Nickolai, RPA, Department of Anthropol-ogy, 323, University of Pennsylvania Museum, 3260 Spruce Street, Philadelphia,PA 19146-1355, Phone: 215-546-3730; Fax: 215-898-0657; Email:<[email protected]>.

Both candidates were suggested by SHA members and they are eager to servethe society in this capacity.

Judy Bense, President




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RPA


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SHA Board at Mid-Year Meeting 2005 (l to r): William Moss, Joe Joseph, Mark Staniforth, Bill Lees, Barbara Heath, Anne Giesecke, Sara Mascia,Terry Klein, Judy Bense, Kim McBride, Doug Scott, Greg Waselkov, and Rebecca Allen.

Scenes at the 2005 SHA Mid-Year BoardMeeting in Rockville, MD (clockwise):Mark Staniforth makes a point during astrategic planning session, SHA LobbyistNellie Longsworth briefs board on recentvisits to Congress, William Moss passes thedonuts, and Judy Bense shows off the gavelwhich did not make the trip to York for the2005 annual meeting.

Mid-Year BoardMeeting 2005


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THE SOCIETY FOR HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWSLETTER

Please note the deadlines for submission of newsfor UPCOMING ISSUES of the SHA Newsletter

ISSUE and DEADLINE

Fall/Winter 2005 . . . . . . . . .15 August 2005

SEND ALL MATERIAL [email protected]

SHA Business Office15245 Shady Grove Road

Ste. 130Rockville, MD 20850Phone: 301-990-2454

Fax: 301-990-9771Email: <[email protected]>

SHA 2006Conference

Sacramento, CAJanuary 11-15



volume 38: number 2 -- summer 2005 william b. lees, editor ... · volume 38: number 2 summer 2005...

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